PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXXII, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2017/2018

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

MAKERSPACE DAN GALERI DI BANDUNG

Tema Desain

Arsitektur Art Deco

Fokus Kajian

Optimalisasi Sirkulasi Ruang

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh :

Karisna Kinandi NIM : 13.11.0127

Dosen Pembimbing :

Dr. Ir. Ant Ardiyanto, MT. NIDN : 0629056301

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

September 2017

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DAFTAR ISI

PRAKATA ................................................................................................... ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................ iii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................ iv

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ...................................................... v

DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... x

DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................... xv

DAFTAR BAGAN ................................................................................... xviii

BAB I .......................................................................................................... 1

PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................ 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................. 1

1.1.1 Gagasan Awal ........................................................................... 1

1.1.2 Ketertarikan ............................................................................... 4

1.1.3 Kepentingan .............................................................................. 5

1.1.4 Kebutuhan ................................................................................. 6

1.1.5 Keterkaitan ................................................................................. 6

1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ................................................... 7

1.2.1 Tujuan ........................................................................................ 7

1.2.2 Sasaran ..................................................................................... 7

1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ....................................................................... 8

1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ....................................................................... 9

1.4.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data ....................................................... 9

1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa ............................................ 10

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1.4.3 Metoda Pemrograman Arsitektur ............................................. 11

1.4.4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur .............................................. 11

1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ............................................................... 13

BAB II ....................................................................................................... 15

TINJAUAN PROYEK ............................................................................... 15

2.1 Tinjauan Umum .............................................................................. 15

2.1.1 Gambaran Umum .................................................................... 15

2.1.2 Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend .............................. 17

2.1.3 Sasaran yang akan dicapai ...................................................... 18

2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ............................................................................. 19

2.2.1 Terminologi .............................................................................. 19

2.2.2 Kegiatan ................................................................................... 21

2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan .................................................... 42

2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota Bandung ............................................ 46

2.2.5 Studi Banding / Komparasi Kasus Proyek Sejenis ................... 50

2.2.5 Permasalahan Desain .............................................................. 58

2.3 Kesimpulan Batasan dan Anggapan .............................................. 59

2.3.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................. 59

2.3.2 Batasan .................................................................................... 60

2.3.3 Anggapan ................................................................................ 60

BAB III ...................................................................................................... 62

ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............................. 62

3.1 ANALISA PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR ....................................... 62

3.1.1 Studi Aktifitas ........................................................................... 62

3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas .......................................................................... 78

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3.2 ANALISA PENDEKATAN SISTEM BANGUNAN ......................... 129

3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ..................................... 129

3.2.3 Studi Sistem Utilitas ............................................................... 144

3.2.4 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ................................................ 161

3.3 ANALISA KONTEKS LINGKUNGAN ........................................ 163

3.3.1 Lokasi .................................................................................... 163

3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ....................................................... 163

BAB IV ................................................................................................... 169

4.1 Konsep Program .......................................................................... 169

4.1.1 Citra Arsitektural .................................................................... 169

4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi ......................................................................... 169

4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi .................................................................... 170

4.2 Tujuan, Faktor Penentu, Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ......... 170

4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan.............................................................. 170

4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ................................................ 170

4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .......................................... 172

4.3 PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ........................................................... 174

4.3.1 Program Kegiatan .................................................................. 174

4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur ........................................................ 179

4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas ......................................................... 181

4.3.4 Program Lokasi dan Tapak .................................................... 183

BAB V .................................................................................................... 188

KAJIAN TEORI ...................................................................................... 188

5.1 Kajian Teori Tema Desain Arsitektur Art Deco ............................. 188

5.1.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Penekanan Desain . 188

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5.1.2 Studi Preseden ..................................................................... 193

5.1.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan ..................................................... 196

5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ........................................... 197

5.2.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Penekanan Desain . 197

5.2.2 Studi Preseden ..................................................................... 203

5.2.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan ..................................................... 206

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................... 207

LAMPIRAN............................................................................................. 209

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2. 1 Mesin Gergaji (Table saw) .................................................. 32

Gambar 2. 2 Mesin gergaji pita ................................................................ 32

Gambar 2. 3 Mesin bubut ........................................................................ 32

Gambar 2. 4 Mesin Jointer ....................................................................... 33

Gambar 2. 5 Mesin Bor ( Drilling machine) .............................................. 33

Gambar 2. 6 Mesin router ........................................................................ 33

Gambar 2. 7 Mesin laser cutting .............................................................. 34

Gambar 2. 8 Mesin laser cutting mini ....................................................... 34

Gambar 2. 9 Mesin CNC router ............................................................... 34

Gambar 2. 10 Mesin CNC router mini ...................................................... 34

Gambar 2. 11 Mesin ekstraktor debu ...................................................... 35

Gambar 2. 12 Mesin jahit ......................................................................... 35

Gambar 2. 13 Mesin obras ...................................................................... 35

Gambar 2. 14 Gawangan ......................................................................... 36

Gambar 2. 15 Mesin press sablon ........................................................... 36

Gambar 2. 16 Rak kelos .......................................................................... 36

Gambar 2. 17 Alat tenun bukan mesin ..................................................... 37

Gambar 2. 18 Alat tenun mesin ............................................................... 37

Gambar 2. 19 3D printer .......................................................................... 37

Gambar 2. 20 Kayu mahoni ..................................................................... 39

Gambar 2. 21 Kayu pinus ........................................................................ 40

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Gambar 2. 22 Macam-macam kain .......................................................... 41

Gambar 2. 23 Peta Administrasi kota Bandung ....................................... 48

Gambar 2. 24 Suasana area workshop ................................................... 51

Gambar 2. 25 Area mesin metal .............................................................. 52

Gambar 2. 26 Ruang jahit ........................................................................ 52

Gambar 2. 27 Ruang Jahit dan desain .................................................... 54

Gambar 2. 28 Ruang mesin kayu ............................................................ 54

Gambar 2. 29 Ruang pamer .................................................................... 54

Gambar 2. 30 Lab fashion ....................................................................... 57

Gambar 2. 31 Area inkubasi animasi ....................................................... 57

Gambar 2. 32 Lab Craft ........................................................................... 57

Gambar 3. 1 Set area kerja tangan .......................................................... 92

Gambar 3. 2 Area kerja tangan ................................................................ 93

Gambar 3. 3 Area kerja mesin ................................................................. 95

Gambar 3. 4 Alat pelindung telinga .......................................................... 98

Gambar 3. 5 Pondasi batu belah ........................................................... 130

Gambar 3. 6 Pondasi footplate .............................................................. 130

Gambar 3. 7 Pondasi tiang pancang ...................................................... 131

Gambar 3. 8 Pondasi borepile ............................................................... 132

Gambar 3. 9 Struktur rangka.................................................................. 133

Gambar 3. 10 Struktur rangka beton ...................................................... 133

Gambar 3. 11 Plat lantai beton .............................................................. 134

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Gambar 3. 12 Space frame .................................................................... 135

Gambar 3. 13 Baja konvensional ........................................................... 135

Gambar 3. 14 Baja ringan ...................................................................... 136

Gambar 3. 15 Bata ringan ...................................................................... 137

Gambar 3. 16 Dinding kaca ................................................................... 137

Gambar 3. 17 Aluminium composit panel .............................................. 138

Gambar 3. 18 Kalsiboard ....................................................................... 138

Gambar 3. 19 Lantai keramik ................................................................. 139

Gambar 3. 20 Lantai Granit ................................................................... 140

Gambar 3. 21 Lantai parquet ................................................................. 140

Gambar 3. 22 Floor Hardener ................................................................ 141

Gambar 3. 23 Gypsumboard ................................................................. 141

Gambar 3. 24 Dak beton ........................................................................ 142

Gambar 3. 25 Skylight tempered glass .................................................. 143

Gambar 3. 26 Cross ventilation .............................................................. 147

Gambar 3. 27 AC split ............................................................................ 149

Gambar 3. 28 AC floor standing............................................................. 149

Gambar 3. 29 AC central ....................................................................... 150

Gambar 3. 30 Exhaust fan ..................................................................... 150

Gambar 3. 31 Lampu SL ........................................................................ 154

Gambar 3. 32 Lampu LED ..................................................................... 154

Gambar 3. 33 Escalator ......................................................................... 156

Gambar 3. 34 CCTV .............................................................................. 158

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Gambar 3. 35 Hydrant ........................................................................... 158

Gambar 3. 36 Sprinkler .......................................................................... 159

Gambar 3. 37 Fire alarm ........................................................................ 159

Gambar 3. 38 Tangga darurat................................................................ 160

Gambar 3. 39 Secondary skin................................................................ 161

Gambar 3. 40 Solar photovoltaic ............................................................ 162

Gambar 3. 41 Peta kecamatan Batununggal ......................................... 163

Gambar 3. 42 Alternatif tapak 1 ............................................................. 164

Gambar 3. 43 Alternatif tapak 2 ............................................................. 165

Gambar 3. 44 Alternatif tapak 3 ............................................................. 166

Gambar 4. 1 Peta tapak ......................................................................... 184

Gambar 4. 2 Foto tapak 1 ...................................................................... 186

Gambar 4. 3 Foto tapak 2 ...................................................................... 186

Gambar 4. 4 Foto tapak 3 ...................................................................... 186

Gambar 4. 5 Foto tapak 4 ...................................................................... 187

Gambar 5. 1 Floral deco ........................................................................ 190

Gambar 5. 2 Karakter Streamline Deco ................................................. 191

Gambar 5. 3 Streamline Deco................................................................ 191

Gambar 5. 4 Zig zag deco building ........................................................ 192

Gambar 5. 5 Villa Isola ........................................................................... 194

Gambar 5. 6 Hotel Savoy Homan .......................................................... 195

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Gambar 5. 7 Hotel Savoy Homan .......................................................... 195

Gambar 5. 8 Melewati ruang .................................................................. 198

Gambar 5. 9 Menembus ruang .............................................................. 199

Gambar 5. 10 Berakhir dalam ruang ...................................................... 199

Gambar 5. 11 Linear .............................................................................. 200

Gambar 5. 12 Radial .............................................................................. 201

Gambar 5. 13 Spiral ............................................................................... 201

Gambar 5. 14 Grid ................................................................................. 202

Gambar 5. 15 Jaringan .......................................................................... 202

Gambar 5. 16 Indoestri koridor .............................................................. 203

Gambar 5. 17 Indoestri workshop .......................................................... 203

Gambar 5. 18 Denah Lt. 1 Indoestri ....................................................... 204

Gambar 5. 19 Denah Lt. 2 Indoestri ....................................................... 205

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. 1 Perkembangan ekonomi kreatif ................................................ 2

Tabel 1. 2 Jumlah industri besar sedang menurut subsector ..................... 2

Tabel 1. 3 Jumlah industri besar sedang kabupaten-kota .......................... 3

Tabel 2. 1 Sarana fasilitas utama ............................................................. 29

Tabel 2. 2 Sarana fasilitas penunjang ...................................................... 29

Tabel 2. 3 Sarana fasilitas pengelola ....................................................... 30

Tabel 2. 4 Sarana fasilitas servis ............................................................. 31

Tabel 2. 5 Peralatan mesin kayu .............................................................. 35

Tabel 2. 6 Peralatan mesin jahit............................................................... 37

Tabel 2. 7 Peralatan ruang multimedia .................................................... 37

Tabel 2. 8 Alat kerja tangan ..................................................................... 39

Tabel 3. 1 Pengelompokan aktifitas utama .............................................. 64

Tabel 3. 2 Pengelompokan aktifitas penunjang ....................................... 64

Tabel 3. 3 Pengelompokan aktifitas pengelola ........................................ 67

Tabel 3. 4 Pengelompokan aktifitas servis ............................................... 69

Tabel 3. 5 Waktu operasional .................................................................. 75

Tabel 3. 6 Jumlah pengelola .................................................................... 76

Tabel 3. 7 jumlah pengunjung nuART space ........................................... 77

Tabel 3. 8 Kebutuhan ruang..................................................................... 80

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Tabel 3. 9 Sifat ruang utama .................................................................... 81

Tabel 3. 10 Sifat ruang penunjang ........................................................... 81

Tabel 3. 11 Sifat ruang pengelola ............................................................ 82

Tabel 3. 12 Sifat ruang servis .................................................................. 83

Tabel 3. 13 Persyaratan ruang................................................................. 87

Tabel 3. 14 Studi ruang kerja tangan ....................................................... 93

Tabel 3. 15 Tingkat kebisingan sesuai kawasan ...................................... 97

Tabel 3. 16 Studi ruang khusus workshop tekstil ................................... 100

Tabel 3. 17 Studi ruang jahit .................................................................. 102

Tabel 3. 18 Studi ruang batik ................................................................. 105

Tabel 3. 19 Studi ruang cuci jemur batik ................................................ 106

Tabel 3. 20 Studi ruang sablon .............................................................. 107

Tabel 3. 21 Studi ruang tenun ................................................................ 108

Tabel 3. 22 Besaran ruang utama .......................................................... 113

Tabel 3. 23 Besaran ruang penunjang ................................................... 115

Tabel 3. 24 Besaran ruang pengelola .................................................... 121

Tabel 3. 25 Besaran ruang pelayanan ................................................... 124

Tabel 3. 26 Parkir pengelola .................................................................. 126

Tabel 3. 27 Parkir pengunjung ............................................................... 127

Tabel 4. 1 Fasilitas utama ...................................................................... 175

Tabel 4. 2 Fasilitas penunjang ............................................................... 176

Tabel 4. 3 Fasilitas pengelola ................................................................ 176

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Tabel 4. 4 Fasilitas pelayanan ( servis) .................................................. 177

Tabel 4. 5 Luas bangunan ..................................................................... 178

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DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 2. 1 Struktur organisasi pengelola ................................................ 23

Bagan 2. 2 Struktur organisasi pengunjung ............................................. 25

Bagan 3. 1 Pola aktifitas datang umum .................................................. 70

Bagan 3. 2 Pola aktivitas pergi umum ..................................................... 70

Bagan 3. 3 Pola aktifutas pengunjung .................................................... 71

Bagan 3. 4 Pola aktifitas pengelola 1 ...................................................... 72

Bagan 3. 5 Pola aktifitas pengelola 2 ...................................................... 73

Bagan 3. 6 Pola aktifitas pengelola 3 ...................................................... 74

Bagan 3. 7 Pola ruang makro ................................................................. 88

Bagan 3. 8 Pola ruang mikro utama ........................................................ 89

Bagan 3. 9 Pola ruang mikro pengelola .................................................. 90

Bagan 3. 10 Pola ruang mikro servis ...................................................... 91

Bagan 3. 11 Sistem up feed .................................................................. 144

Bagan 3. 12 Sistem Down feed............................................................. 145