PROPAGANDA ISIS MELALUI MEDIA ONLINE

SKRIPSI

Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1

Disusun Oleh :

Zhasha Prajna Paramita Nareswari

201210360311076

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2016

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Nama : Zhasha Prajna Paramita Nareswari

NIM : 201210360311076

Jurusan : Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Judul Skripsi : PROPAGANDA ISIS MELALUI MEDIA ONLINE

Telah dipertahankan di hadapan Dewan Penguji Ujian Skripsi

Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Dan dinyatakan LULUS

Pada hari: Rabu, 22 Juni 2016

Tempat: GKB I Ruang 603

Mengesahkan,

Dekan FISIP UMM

Dr. Asep Nurjaman, M.Si

Dewan Penguji:

1. Helmia Asyathri, M.Sos ( )

2. Najamuddin Khairur Rijal, M.Hub.Int ( )

3. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, S.Sos, M.Si ( )

4. Nasrullah, S.Sos, M.Si ( )

KATA PENGANTAR

Bissmillahirrahmanirrahim

Assalammualaikum Wr. Wb.,

Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT dan Nabi Besar

Muhammad SAW atas segala berkat dan rahmat-NYA skripsi dengan judul

PROPAGANDA ISIS MELALUI MEDIA ONLINE ini dapat diselesaikan oleh

penulis. Skripsi ini disusun dan diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk

memperoleh gelar sarjana strata 1 (S-1) pada Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu

Politik, Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang. Dengan segala keterbatasan yang dimiliki penulis, masih terdapat banyak

kekurangan yang harus diperbaiki dalam penelitian ini. Semoga hasil penelitian

ini dapat bermafaat, khususnya bagi pendidikan di Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan

Internasional FISIP UMM.

Wassalammualaikum Wr. Wb.

Malang, 2 Juni 2016

Zhasha Prajna Paramita Nareswari

i

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL......................................................................... i

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI........................................... ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN........................................................... iii

HALAMAN BIMBINGAN............................................................... iv

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN........................................................... v

ABSTRAKSI....................................................................................... vi

KATA PENGANTAR......................................................................... viii

LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN.............................................................. ix

DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................ xi

DAFTAR TABEL dan GAMBAR....................................................... xiv

BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN..................................................................

1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah............................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah......................................................... 7

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian........................................................... 7

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian......................................................... 7

1.4.1 Manfaat Praktis.................................................. 7

1.4.2 Manfaat Akademis............................................. 7

1.5 Penelitian Terdahulu...................................................... 8

1.6 Kerangka Teori atau Konsep.......................................... 15

1.6.1 Konsep Propaganda............................................ 15

1.6.2 Konsep Information Society............................... 20

1.6.3 Konsep Cyber Terrorism...................................... 21

1.6.4 Metode Analisis Isi Kualitatif.............................. 24

ii

1.7 Metode Penelitian............................................................. 26

1.7.1 Tipe Penelitian...................................................... 26

1.7.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Data.................................... 26

1.7.3 Batasan Waktu Penelitian...................................... 26

1.7.4 Batasan Masalah Penelitian................................... 27

1.7.5 Asumsi Dasar......................................................... 27

1.8 Sistematika Penelitian........................................................ 27

BAB 2. PERKEMBANGAN INTERNET, MEDIA ONLINE DAN ISIS

2.1 The Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS)..................... 30

2.1.1 Ideologi ISIS............................................................ 40

2.2 Perkembangan Internet........................................................ 43

2.3 Cyber Jihad dan Sosial Media.............................................. 47

BAB 3. PROPAGANDA ISIS MELALUI MEDIA ONLINE

3.1 Propaganda ISIS di Media Online....................................... 56

3.2 Propaganda ISIS di Media Sosial......................................... 65

3.2.1 Film Propaganda ISIS di Youtube........................... 69

3.2.2 Propaganda ISIS Melalui Twitter........................... 76

3.3 Majalah Online Dabiq.......................................................... 86

3.4. Propaganda ISIS dalam Majalah Dabiq Edisi Pertama....... 93

BAB 4. PENUTUP

4.1 Saran dan Kesimpulan......................................................... 100

DAFTAR PUSTAKA................................................................................. 107

iii

DAFTAR TABEL dan GAMBAR

TABEL

1.1 Penelitian Terdahulu...................................................................... 13

1.2 Jenis Analisis Isi Kualitatif............................................................ 25

2.1 Timeline Nama Kelompok Teroris ISIS......................................... 38

3.1 Majalah Dabiq yang telah Dirilis ISIS Secara Online.................... 87

GAMBAR

1.1 Piramida Propaganda Serghei Chakotin.......................................... 17

2.1 Peta Wilayah ISIS Oktober 2014..................................................... 36

2.2 Peta Wilayah ISIS Desember 2015.................................................. 37

2.3 Jumlah Pengguna Internet Dunia Tahun 2015................................. 45

2.4 Komunikasi Para Pendukung ISIS Melalui Aplikasi

Chat Room di Media Online............................................................ 52

2. 5 Video Tutorial Jihad Online............................................................. 53

2. 6 Postingan Twitter Pendukung Kelompok Teroris............................ 54

2.7 Postingan Blackberry Messenger Pendukung ISIS yang

Menyebarkan Tutorial Jihad dan Rekrutmen Secara Online........... 54

2.8 Laman Facebook dan Twitter Pendukung ISIS............................... 55

3.1 Propaganda ISIS yang Tersebar di Media Online............................ 59

3.2 ISIS Membuka Taman Bermain untuk Merayakan Idul Fitri.......... 61

3.3 Parade Militer ISIS........................................................................... 62

iv

3.4 Screenshoot Video ISIS Mengeksekusi Tahanan............................ 63

3.5 Laman Resmi Al-Hayat Media di Dark Web................................... 65

3.6 ISIS Meretas Akun Twitter US Command....................................... 67

3.7 ISIS Meretas Akun Youtube US Command..................................... 67

3.8 Kaus Merchandise ISIS yang Dijual Secara Online........................ 69

3.9 Screenshoot Video Pertempuran ISIS.............................................. 70

3.10 Screenshoot Video Proses Eksekusi Tahanan ISIS.......................... 70

3.11 Screenshoot Video Selebrasi ISIS.................................................... 71

3.12 Screenshot Video Propaganda ISIS the Flames of War.................. 73

3.13 Poster Film Propaganda ISIS The Flames of War.......................... 79

3.14 Salah Satu Postingan Twitter Pendukung ISIS................................ 78

3.15 Tampilan DawnApp ISIS dalam Google Play Store....................... 81

3.16 Hacker ISIS Meretas #Oscar2015 Untuk Menyebarkan

Propaganda...................................................................................... 82

3.17 ISIS Menggunakan #StevensHeadinObamasHands di

Twitter Untuk Menyebarkan Propaganda........................................ 84

3.18 Rubrik Tentang Hijrah dalam Majalah Dabiq Edisi Pertama.......... 89

3.19 Rubrik Tentang Hijrah dan Jihad dalam Majalah Dabiq

Edisi Kedua...................................................................................... 89

3.20 Pidato Al-Baghdadi yang Dimuat Dalam Majalah Dabiq............... 96

3.21 Salah Satu Bentuk Propaganda ISIS Dalam Majalah Dabiq........... 97

3.22 Kelompok ISIS Berselebrasi atas Berdirinya Negara Islam............ 98

108

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