Problem Ibu Autis

7/23/2019 Problem Ibu Autis

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/problem-ibu-autis 1/9

Kamis, 31 januari 2013

PROBLEM IBU YANG MEMILIKI ANAK AUTISTIK

Ol!" #r$ %&'& Yu(&n&, M$P)

Pa)a *a+ian ini )iaar'an -n-an+ r&*lm .an+ srin+'ali mun/ul )ari &ran+ -ua .an+

mmili'i ana' au-is-i'$ #alam *a+ian ini nulis sn+aja mm&'us'an r&*lm &ran+ -ua

'!ususn.a a)ala! i*u$ I*u )ian++a s*a+ai su*.' .an+ rlan mmili'i r&*lm .an+ n.a-a

)alam '!i)uan s!ari!ari$ al ini ju+a *r)asar'an ris- )an n+alaman nulis .an+

srin+'ali mn+!a)ai )an mm*an-u i*u )ari ana' au-is-i' )alam mm/a!'an masala!

*r'ai-an )n+an ana' au-is-i' )an 'luar+a$ %aran+ )i-mu'an ara *aa'*aa' *rran a'-i

)alam mm*an-u ana' au-is-i', namun )mi'ian slalu a)a *aa'*aa' .an+ mmili'i (a'-u

un-u' *rran a'-i mm*an-u r'm*an+an ana'n.a$ Is-ila! &ran+ -ua .an+ )ima'su) )alam

-ulisan ini l*i! rlan )n+an i*u$

%&r)an 420015 mnulis'an **raa r&*lm .an+ )i!a)ai &l! &ran+ -ua .ai-u '-i)a'

a!lian &ran+ -ua 4arn-s6 la/' & 7r-is5, !ar+a )iri &ran+ -ua 4arn-s6 sl s-m5, '&n)isi

'!i)uan .an+ anjan+ 4lil&n+ /&n)i-i&n5, a'i*a- .an+ l*i! '&ml' 4mul-il /-s5,

a'i*a- m&si s&sial 4s&/ial m&-i&nal /-s5 )an )u'un+an in&rmasi )an s&sial 47lana-i&n

an) s&/ial su&r-5$

1$ K-i)'a!lian Oran+ Tua$ 4arn-s6 la/' & 7r-is5$Pa)a *u-ir ini jlas s'ali *a!(a &ran+ -ua 'uran+ mmili'i 'a!lian )alam mm*an-u

ana' au-is-i'$ Ksuli-an a(al .an+ n.a-a a)ala! &ran+ -ua 4'!ususn.a i*u5 suli- un-u'

mma!ami ana' au-is-i' )an -i)a' mma!ami aa .an+ s!arusn.a mr'a la'u'an 'a)a

ana'n.a$ I*u srin+ 'ali mn/&*a in+in mm*an-u ana'n.a --ai '/n)run+ann.a slalumnmui 'suli-an )alam la'sanaan.a$ K-i'a mr'a mnmui s&ran+ a!li ma'a

sma'in mnunju''an *a!(a mr'a mm*u-u!'an )u'un+an )an *im*in+an )ari a!li$

2$ ar+a #iri Oran+ Tua$ 4Parn-s6 sl s-m5$%las s'ali *a!(a &ran+ -ua mrasa *rsala! )an !al ini a'an mnja)i 'suli-an .an+

n.a-a *a+i i*u '!ususn.a )an ana' au-is-i' i-u sn)iri$ %i'a i*u mmili'i sl s-m .an+

rn)a!, !al ini )is*a*'an &l! '-i)a'mamuan )alam mm*ua- '&n-a' )n+an ana'n.a

.an+ mun+'in mnja)i m*naran -r!a)a rasa *rsala! -rs*u- )an rasa -a'u-$ Pr!a-ian

.an+ n-in+ *a+i r&si&nal a)ala! *a+aimana mm*ri'an *im*in+an a)a &rsn+ -ua

un-u' mma!ami ana' au-is-i' )an *a+aimana &ran+ -ua )aa- *rmain )alam

r'm*an+an s&sial )an in-l'-ual ana' mr'a$ Pr&si&nal !arus mmili'i snsi-ii-as

)alam mm*an-u rasaan &ran+ -ua .an+ &si-i -n-an+ ran )imasa )an -ana )n+an

rasaan *rsala! )an 'u-usasaan$ Para &ran+ -ua mm*u-u!'an ma!aman *a!(a

in-rnsi )ini mrua'an *a+ian .an+ n-in+$ Ti)a' a)a 'a-a -rlam*a- *a+i ana'ana'

.an+ )i)ia+n&sis )alam usia 8 -a!un ' a-as$ Ba+iamanun, sl s-m .an+ )imili'i &ran+

-ua, '/masan )an '-i)a'/a'aan &ran+ -ua mrua'an )ua ra'si a(al .an+ srin+

mun/ul )an srin+'ali mnja)i'an masala! ji'a -i)a' -r-an+ani )n+an *ai'$

1



2

3$ K&n)isi K!i)uan .an+ Panjan+ 4Lil&n+ /&n)i-i&n5$

Sala! sa-u a'-&r .an+ mn+!am*a- r'm*an+an ana' au-is-i' a)ala! '-i)a'.a'inan

&ran+ -ua -r!a)a masa )an ana'$ B*raa !asil nli-ian mnunju''an *a!(a )n+an

in-rnsi )ini .an+ '-i )aa- mm*ua-u r*)aan .an+ luar *iasa *a+i r'm*an+an

ana' au-is-i'$ Sala! sa-u nli-ian .an+ )iu*li'asi'an &l! L&aas .an+ )i'u-i &l!

Mauri/ 4199:5 mm*u'-i'an *a!(a )n+an nan+anan .an+ in-nsi, ma- ulu! jam

smin++u mnunju''an ru*a!an .an+ si+nii'an *a+i r'm*an+an ana' au-is-i'$ I*u

!arus )i!a)a'an )n+an 'n.a-aan *a!(a ana' mr'a mm*u-u!'an )u'un+an )an

'u-usan .an+ -a-$ al ini a'an mmn+aru!i rssi i*u )alam mm*an-u

r'm*an+an ana' au-is-i'$

;$ A'i*a- .an+ L*i! K&ml' 4Mul-il /-s5$

A)a r!a-ian .an+ n.a-a *a+i i*u )n+an ana' au-is-i' mrua'an r&*lm -am*a!an

.an+ mn.r-ai a)a ana' au-is-i' sr-i +an++uan sns&ri, +an++uan *a!asa .an+ ssii',

+an++uan '&&r)inasi m&-&ri', m&si&nal, rila'u )an s*a+ain.a$ Gan++uan

r'm*an+an .an+ '&ml' ini -i)a' !an.a mmn+aru!i &ran+ -ua, --ai ju+a

mmn+aru!i *a+aimana i*u !arus *rin-ra'si )n+an ana' au-is-i'$ Ol! 'arna i-u i*u

sla.a'n.a mmr&l! *im*in+an )an *an-uan *a+aimana mr'a s!arusn.a *rin-ra'si

)an *r'&muni'asi s/ara -a- )n+an ana' au-is-i'$8$ A'i*a- Em&si S&sial 4S&/ial m&-i&nal /-s5$

Ksuli-an )alam *rin-ra'si )n+an &ran+ lain mrua'an in-i )ari '&n)isi )an

'+a+alan ana'ana' au-is-i' a)a umumn.a$ Aala+i ana' au-is-i' .an+ )isr-ai )n+an

'suli-an *lajar '!usus$ K-i'a sua-u (a'-u ana' )i)ia+n&sis s*a+ai ana' au-is-i', i*u

mm*u-u!'an '-ran+an -n-an+ !al ini$ Pa)a -a!a a(al i*u slalu mn/&*a mm*an-u

*rin-ra'si )n+an ana'n.a -ana *im*in+an *a+aimana s!arusn.a i*u mm*ri'an

ran+san+an .an+ -a- *a+i ana'n.a$ K+a+alan )alam mnan++ai rila'u ana'n.a )an

'suli-an )alam mn+a''an !u*un+an<rasa an-ara sa-u )n+an lainn.a s!in++a i*u

mnja)i rus-rasi$ #ia+n&sis )aa- mm*an-u masala! ini --ai -i)a' )aa- -rslsai'an

)n+an /a-$ S-i)a'n.a ji'a !al ini )ila'u'an s/ara *r-a!a slama **raa -a!un, i*u

)aa- mn+uran+i rasaan *rsala! )an mrasa'an ''uran+an .an+ )aa- *rlanju-

mmn+aru!i 'mamuan mr'a un-u' mm*ua- 'majuan &si-i *a+i ana'n.a$

:$ #u'un+an In&rmasi )an S&sial 4E7lana-i&n an) s&/ial su&r-5$Ksuli-an .an+ srin+ 'ali )i!a)ai &l! i*u a)ala! '-i'a i*u !arus mn+a-a'an -n-an+

masala! ana'n.a$ al ini san+a- suli- )an mm*u-u!'an )u'un+an in&rmasi *a+i )ia+n&sis

ana'n.a un-u' mm*an-u masala! i*u -rs*u-$ #n+an )ia+n&sis ss+ra mun+'in )aa-

mm*an-u mnjlas'an masala! .an+ s)an+ )i!a)ai &ran+ -ua$ Bu-ir ini san+a-

)i*u-u!'an i*u a+ar mr'a )aa- mn+am*il -in)a'an a(al .an+ )ian++a n-in+ *a+i

r'm*an+an ana'n.a$Aa*ila masala! ana' -i)a' )i'nali sja' )ini, smua masala! a'an mun/ul mnja)i

l*i! rumi-$ Masala! -rs*u- mun/ul '-i'a mn+!a)ai ana' au-is-i' )n+an *r*a+ai

+an++uan r'm*an+ann.a sr-i masala! rila'u, 'srsi m&si&nal .an+ sala!, -i)a'

)aa- *rmain )n+an -man s*a.a )an -i)a' )aa- *r*i/ara$ I*u .an+ mmili'i ana'

au-is-i' mm*u-u!'an )u'un+an .an+ 's-ra *ai' s/ara ra'-is mauun m&si&nal$ Pn-in+



3

s'ali *a+i i*u mn)aa-'an )u'un+an )ari -man, --an++a sau)ara, 'a'', nn' )an -n-u

lin+'un+an s'&la! sr-a mas.ara'a-$

Mnuru- Ginanjar 420105 r&*lm i*u .an+ mmili'i ana' au-is-i' mn+alami *r*a+ai

masala! )an 'risis ssuai )n+an r'm*an+an ana' au-is-i' )an -a!aan-a!aan '!i)uan

.an+ )il(a-i &l! 'luar+a .an+ *rsan+'u-an$ Ginanjar mn.*u-n.a s*a+ai masa 'risis$A)aun jnisjnis 'risis .an+ *iasan.a )ialami &l! i*u .an+ mmili'i ana' au-is-i' a)ala!

s*a+ai *ri'u- "

1$ Saa- Mnrima #ia+n&sis Ana'$ amir smua i*u .an+ mmili'i ana' Au-is-i'

'/n)run+ann.a mmili'i masa 'risis '-i'a mnrima )ia+n&sisi .an+ mn.a-a'an

*a!(a ana'n.a )i)u+a mmili'i +an++uan au-is-i'$ Ra'si a(al mr'a a)a umumn.a

-r'ju- )an -i)a' r/a.a$ Aala+i *ila ana' masi! '/il )an /iri/iri .an+ -ama' *lum

-rlalu n.a-a$ Krisis ini )aa- mun/ul )i'arna'an ra'sira'si )ari i*u )an &ran+ )i

s'i-arn.a, misaln.a i*u mn&la' )ia+n&sis )an -i)a' mmr*&l!'an mla'u'an -rai

a-au '*ali'ann.a mn/ari -rai s/ara mm*a*i *u-a )n+an !araan mn)aa-'an=n.m*ua!an> *a+i rila'u ana'n.a$ K&nli' *sar )aa- -rja)i an-ara 'luar+a 4suami

)an is-ri5 -n-an+ r*)aan an)an+an -n-an+ ana', nan+anan, masala! inansial )an

salin+ mn.ala!'an an-ara suami )an is-ri$

2$ Gan++uan Ks!a-an Ana'$ S*a+aimana )i'-a!ui, +an++uan au-is-i' san+an *r!u*un+an

)n+an +an++uan isi' sr-i ils., alr+i, masala! n/rnaan mauun 'lainan jan-un+

sr-a m&-&ri' ana'$ Gan++uan 's!a-an ini mm*u-u!'an r!a-ian )an inan/ial .an+

san+a- *sar$ Bia.a mri'saan un-u' 's!a-an ana' au-is-i' -i)a'la! s)i'i-$ S!in++a i*u

mnja)i s-rss )alam mn+!a)ai '*u-u!an r!a-ian )an inansial -rs*u-$ Ti)a' jaran+

ju+a i*u mmili! *r!n-i *'rja un-u' mn)amin+i ana'n.a$ #alam '&n)isi ini i*u

-r'a)an+ -rlalu &'us a)a ana'n Au-is-i' )an 'uran+ )aa- mm*a+i r!a-ian a)a ana'

alain.a *a!a'an )irin.a sn)iri$

3$ Mn+!a)ai Kluar+a Bsar )an Mas.ara'a-$ Ti)a' s)i'i- )i-mu'an *a!(a i*u mmili'i

masala! )n+an 'luar+a$ I*u )i-u)u! s*a+ai n.*a* !a)irn.a '-urunan )n+an

+an++uan au-si-i' 'arna )alam ri(a.a- 'luar+a suami -i)a' )i-mu'an ana' *r'*u-u!an

'!usus$ al lainn.a a)ala! rasa malu )an -r-'an -r!a)a lin+'un+an s'i-arn.a, s!in++a

i*u mn.m*un.i'an ana'n.a )ari lin+'un+an mas.ara'a- s'i-ar$ Pa)a sisi .an+ lain,

rla'u'an mas.ara'a- 4s'&la! )an --an++a5 .an+ -i)a' -a- mm*ua- 'luar+a mmili'i

**an .an+ l*i! *ra-$ Prla'uan .an+ )is'rimina-i )an s-i+ma n+a-i -n-u mnam*a!

s-rs .an+ -in++i *a+i 'luar+a$

;$ Masala! Pr'a(inan$ Tan-an+an )alam mn+asu! )an nan+anan ana' au-is-i' *r)ama'

a)a !u*un+an r'a(inan$ Ban.a' r'a(inan .an+ mn+!a)ai 'risis 'arna asan+an

suamiis-ri -i)a' mmili'i '-ramilan '&muni'asi )an m/a!an masala! .an+ *ai'$

Ba!'an -i)a' jaran+ mun/ul i!a' '-i+a .an+ mmr*uru' 'a)aan !u*un+an suami is-ri$8$ Ana' Au-si-i' .an+ Mmasu'i S'&la!<Rmaja$ K-i'a ana' mn+inja' )i *an+'u s'&la!

)an rmaja mm*u-u!'an 'ramilan a)a-asi .an+ *ai'$ K*u-u!an )an ru*a!an as'

*i&l&+is, a'a)mis )an -un-u-an s&sial .an+ ma'in '&ml's, mnam*a! **an -rsn)iri$



4

al ini )i'arna'an s*a+ian *sar ana' au-is-i' mmili'i 'suli-an )alam *ra)a-asi

)n+an *r*a+ai ru*a!anru*a!an -rs*u- s!in++a mm+alami rus-rasi .n+ mun/ul

)alam *n-u' m&si .an+ ml)a'l)a', a+rsii-as, 'sian )an mnari')iri )ari

rla'uan$

Br)asar'an !asil nli-ian )an li-ra-ur s/ara 'linis slama 38 -a!un )ari )isiTEA?? 4Tra-mnan) E)u/a-i&n & Au-is-i' an) Rla-) ?&mmuni/a-i&n an)i/a)

?!il)rn5 )i #ar-mn- & Ps./!ia-r. )i Unirsi-. & N&r-! ?ar&lina S/!&&l & M)i/in

mn)is'risi'an &la&la -'anan uni' .an+ )i!a)ai &l! 'luar+a 4&ran+ -ua5$ S/ara

su*s-ansial !asil nli-ian mnunju''an in)i'asi *a!(a &ran+ -ua .an+ mmili'i ana' au-is-i',

'!ususn.a i*u, mla&r'an **raa s-rss )an )rsi )aria)a i*u .an+ mmili'i ana' )n+an

+an++uan r'm*an+an lainn.a$ 4@&l'mar - al$, 20085$ A)a suu! !al .an+ mm*ua- &ran+

-ua 4i*u5 mnja)i -r-'an .a'ni

1$ #ia+n&sa .an+ Mm*in+un+'an$

Un-u' mn+-a!ui aa'a! ana' mn+alami +an++uan r'm*an+an au-is-i' a-au *u'an)aa- )ila'u'an )ia+n&sa &l! r&ssi&nal$ Pr&ss assmn )an )ia+n&sa )ila'u'an s/ara

*r'lanju-an un-u' mn+i)n-ii'asi rmasala!an ana', saa- r&ss inila! -'anan

si'&l&+is a)a &ran+ san+a- *sar$ Oran+ -ua mnan-i !asil mri'saan &l! r&ssi&nal

)n+an !araan ana' -i)a' mmili'i masala! +an++uan r'm*an+an au-is-i'$ S*a+ian

*sar n+alaman &ran+ -ua mnunju''an a)an.a '/masan, mara! )an 's)i!an slama

r&ss mri'saan *rlan+sun+$ Sr-i+a !in++a s-n+a! )ari &ran+ -ua .an+ mmili'i

ana' au-is-i' mla&r'an *a!(a !asil )ia+n&sa )ari **raa r&ssi&nal -r)aa- !asil

'&n-ra)i'si sr-i '-rla*a-an *i/ara, ='/n)run+an au-is-i'> )an la*l lain .an+ -i)a'

ssii'$ 4# Gia/&rm& C&m*&nn, 199D &(lin M&&r, 199 B$ Smi-! -$ al$, 199;5$

asil nli-ian mnunju''an *a!(a s*a+ian &ran+ -ua .an+ nulis -an+anani mla&r'an

*a!(a mr'a mrasa '*in+un+an )n+an !asil assmn )an )ia+n&sa r&si&nal$ Sa-u

r&ssi&nal )n+an r&ssi&nal lainn.a mnunju''an la*l .an+ *r*)a sr-i +an++uan

P## N&s, Asr+r, P## )an a-au '/n)run+an au-is-i'$ Oran+ -ua -la! mmr&l!

la*l *a+i ana'n.a --ai mr'a -i)a' mn)aa-'an in&rmasi .an+ jlas -n-an+ )is'risi

r&*lm r'm*an+an ana'n.a )an '*u-u!an in-rnsin.a s/ara mmuas'an$ Pa)a

umumn.a, &ran+ -ua mn+a'u mn)aa-'an in&rmasi .an+ l*i! jlas '-i'a mr'a

mn+unjun+i usa- -rai un-u' mla'u'an nan+anan$4r&ss assmn )an '&nsul-asi5

K+a+alan r&si&nal )alam mm*ri'an in&rmasi .an+ jlas a)a &ran+ -ua .an+

mmili'i ana' au-is-i' mnam*a! s-rss )alam mn+a-asi 'suli-an rila'u )an r&*lm

*lajar a)a ana'ana' mr'a$ K+a+alan r&ssi&nal )alam mm*ri'an in&rmasi .an+

a'ura- -i)a' !an.a mm*ua- &ran+ -ua '/(a, mara!, rus-rasi --ai ju+a mm*ua-

'suli-an *a+i &ran+ -ua un-u' mmulai )an mmili! in-rnsi .an+ ssuai )n+an

'*u-u!an ana'n.a$

2$ Masa Pr'm*an+an .an+ Ta' Biasa$

Gan++uan au-is-i' )i-an)ai )n+an )ua !al .a'ni '-rlam*a-an )an n.iman+an a)a

smua ara r'm*an+an .an+ majmu' s/ara un+si&nal$ Pa)a r'm*an+an a(al .an+



5

n&rmal )ii'u-i )n+an 'mun)uran, r'm*an+an .an+ lam*a- )an s/ara rla!an

mnunju''an 'ara'-ris-i' )ari ana' au-is-i'$ 4Amri/an Ps./!ia-ri/ Ass&/ia-i&n, 2000

#M.r, 1995$ Kja)ian ini )is*u- s*a+ai au-is-i' r+rsi$ 4Yu(&n&, 20105$ S)an+

'&n)isi .an+ -a' mra-a )alam smua ara '-ramilan i-u umum, ms'iun -i)a' a)a &la

-un++al )ari 'ara'-ris-i' ana' au-is-i'$

S*a+ian *sar &ran+ -ua '/n)run+an umumn.a *r!ara ana'n.a *r'm*an+ s/ara

n&rmal$ K-i'a ana' mnunju''an r'm*an+an .an+ lam*a-, &ran+ -ua mun+'in

mmr-im*an+'an r&ss smn-ara )an *rasumsi ana'n.a a'an *r'm*an+ s/ara

n&rmal$ S*a+ai /&n-&! '-i'a ana' au-is-i' mn.lsai'an uFll .an+ rumi- a-au

mn+!aal uru-an jalan mnuju ' rs-&ran /a- saji$ Mr'a mman)an+ !al -rs*u-

s*a+ai *u'-i r'm*an+an .an+ s!a- )an mu)a! mama!ami, mn+a*ai'an '-rlam*a-an

r'm*an+an a-au 'lma!an 'mamuan mniru$ Slanju-n.a r&il ana' .an+ -a' laFim

mm*ua- !araan .an+ -a- i-u suli- )an mmr)i'si r'm*an+an )i masa mn)a-an+$

4S/!un-rmann, 20025$ S*a+ai /&n-&! ana' au-is-i' san+a- mu)a! mn+&rasi'an

/&mu-r, --ai mr'a 'suli-an )alam mma!ami<mn+i'u-i rin-a! s)r!ana$ MamaPuji 4nama samaran )ari i*u .an+ mmili'i ana' au-is-i'5 mnjlas'an *a!(a ana'n.a

mman+ -i)a' )aa- *r*i/ara s/ara ra'-is )an un+si&nal, --ai s*narn.a ana'n.a

)aa- *r*i/ara 4mmr&)u'si suara5$ Ka)aan -rs*u- mm*ua- &ran+ -ua mnja)i l*i!

rus-rasi )alam mma!ami r'm*an+an ana' au-is-i'$

3$ #ilma An-ara Ti)a' #aa- )an Ti)a' Mau$S!u*un+an )n+an '*in+un+an &ran+ -ua -r!a)a r'm*an+an ana' au-is-i' .an+

-i)a' umum mm*ua- &ran+ -ua mnja)i srss .an+ mun/ul '-i'a ana' au-is-i' +a+al

mmrli!a-'an rila'u .an+ )i!araa'an sr-i rs&n -r!a)a rmin-aan, rin-a!

a-au mln+'ai -u+as$ Srin+'ali !al ini -i)a' jlas an-ara -i)a' )aa- mrs&n a-au -i)a'

mau$ Ana'ana' au-is-i' srin+'ali -i)a' '&nsis-n )alam mrs&n )alam *r*a+ai '&n)isi,&ran+ )an (a'-u .an+ *r*)a$ S*a+ai /&n-&! ana' au-is-i' mun+'in mrs&n rin-a!

&ran+ -ua saa- )imin-a )u)u' )i mja un-u' ma'an, --ai mun+'in -i)a' mrs&n rin-a!

&l! &ran+ lain$Pa)a umumn.a &ran+ -ua mun+'in mn+an++a ana'n.a -i)a' -rm&-iasi a-au 'ras

'ala, )an -asirann.a )ir'ua- &l! ma!aman ana' .an+ mn+san'an *a!(a ia )aa-

mmin-a$ Pnjlasan lainn.a *a!(a ana' )aa- mrs&n is.ara- s/ara '&n-'s-ual

)aria)a *a!asa lisan misaln.a ma'anan )il-a''an )i a-as mja '-i'a i*u mn+a-a'an

=(a'-un.a un-u' ma'an>$ K*in+un+an &ran+ -ua 4i*u5 )alam mma!ami an-ara -i)a' *isa

)an -i)a' mau mm*ua- i*u ma'in s-rss )alam mn+!a)ai ana' au-is-i'$ P&la rila'u

inila! .an+ )is*u- )n+an ri+i) r&u-in 4Yu(&n&, 20105$;$ K&muni'asi S&sial .an+ Ti)a' N&rmal$

Gan++uan u-ama )alam '&muni'asi s&sial ana' au-is-i' )aa- mm*ua- &ran+ -ua 4i*u5

mnja)i s-rss .an+ n.a-a$ #alam s*ua! sur. )an s-u)i (a(an/ara, &ran+ -ua .an+

mmili'i ana' au-is-i' -r)aa- in)i'asi *a!(a a)a mulan.a )an s*a+ian *sar mmili'i

'/masan )an ''!a(a-iran a)a r'm*an+an '&muni'asi )an r'm*an+an s&sial

.an+ -i)a' n&rmal$ 4# Gia/&m& C&m*&nn, 199D &(lin M&&r, 199 B Smi-! -



6

al$, 199;5$ Br)asar'an n+alaman nulis, ''!a(a-iran u-ama .an+ slalu )i'lu!'an

&l! i*u )ari &ran+ -ua ana' au-is-i' a)ala! '-rlam*a-an *i/ara )ari ana'n.a$ I*u slalu

mn+lu!'an )an mmin-a !al u-ama .an+ !arus s+ra )i-an+ani a)ala! *i/ara$ I*u san+a-

'!a(a-ir 'la' ana'n.a -i)a' )aa- *r*i/ara )an *r'&muni'asi$

K-i'a ana' au-is-i' *lum )aa- mma!ami *a!asa is.ara- s'aliun, srin+'ali &ran+

-ua 4'lur+a5 --a mma'sa'an )iri *r'&muni'asi )n+an r*al$ %las !al ini san+a-

mn.uli-'an ana' au-is-i' un-u' mn+m*an+'an '-ramilan '&muni'asi s&sialn.a$

K-ramilan '&muni'asi s&sial ju+a )in+aru!i &l! !u*un+an 'lur+a )an !u*un+an

an-ara sau)ara s'an)un+$

8$ Kli!a-an S/ara Cisi' .an+ Ta' N&rmal$S/ara umum, ana' au-is-i' -i)a' mnunju''an a)an.a r*)aan .an+ mn/&l&' )n+an

-man s*a.an.a$ T-ai n+alaman &ran+ -ua mnunju''an s-rss )an rus-rasi '-i'a

rila'u ana' mr'a -i)a' *iasa a-au -i)a' mnunju''an mimi' s*a+aimana ana'ana'

a)a umumn.a$ Br*)a )n+an ana'ana' isual imairmn-, /r*ral als. 4?P5, au-is-i'

-i)a' n.a-a '-i)a'n&rmalan s/ara isi'$ al ini mn/i-a'an !araan .an+ ra-ara-a a)a

rila'u, '&muni'asi )an s&sial 'uran+ '-mu$ Pr*)aan an-ara !araan )an 'n.a-aan

mnin+'a-'an **an 'lur+a s*a+aimana mr'a mn+-a!ui un-u' mma!ami '&n)isi

ana' )an *lajar *a+aimana mm*ua- 'sa'a-an -n-an+ !al -rs*u-$ %a)i, '-i'a &ran+

-ua mli!a- *a!(a ana' au-is-i' -i)a' mnunju''an r*)aan .an+ mn/&l&' )i*an)in+

-man s*a.an.a, ma'a &ran+ -ua mm*ua- !araan .an+ sama )n+an ana' a)a

umumn.a$ =S*narn.a masala! isi'al -i)a' nama' sr-i ana' '*u-u!an '!usus

lainn.a>$ Prn.a-aan inila! .an+ mm*ua- &ran+ -ua ma'in s-rss )an rus-rasi mn+!a)ai

ana' au-is-i'$

:$ Prila'u )i Tma- Umum$A)a )ua !al .an+ srin+'ali )iun+'a'an &l! &ran+ -ua .an+ mm*au- mr'a sma'in

s-rss )an rus-rasi 415 rila'u .an+ mrusa'<mn+a/au )i -ma- umum )an 425 mm*ua-

*a-asan*a-asan<laran+an rila'u .an+ ssuai )i -ma--ma- a'-ii-as 'lur+a, )i luar )an

s&n-ani-as$ 4Gra., 199, 2001 R$L$ K&+l - al$, 1992 R&.rs M./', 19985$ al!al

.an+ mm*ua- ma'in srss )an rus-rasi a)ala! rila'u ana' au-is-i' .an+ -an-rum$ Prila'u

ana' au-is-i' ini ju+a )aa- mm*ua- an++&-a 'lur+a 4sau)ara s'an)un+5 mrasa malu

)n+an -man s*a.an.a$ K-i'a !al ini ma'in mmun/a' ma'a -i)a' mnu-u

'mun+'inan /ara/ara .an+ )ila'u'an an++&-a 'lur+a -r!a)a ana' au-is-i' mnunju''an

n&la''an$ Bila ini *rlanju- )alam jan+'a (a'-u .an+ lama a'an mn+a'i*a-'an )ama'

.an+ -i)a' *ai' *a+i r'm*an+an ana' au-is-i'$

$ Gn-i/$B*raa nli-ian .an+ *r*asis +n-i/ a)a ana' au-is-i' mn.imul'an *a!(a

au-is-i' a-au '&n)isi .an+ mn.ruai ana' au-is-i' mun/ul l*i! srin+ rla-i s/ara

*i&l&+i/al$ 4Ma/Lan, SFa-mari, %&ns, 1999 Yirmi.a, S!a'), Erl, 20015$ S*a+ai

/&n-&! ra-ara-a 'mun/ulan +an++uan ana' au-is-i' a)a sau)ara 'an)un+ 3 a-au

r'iraann.a 80 !in++a 100 'la!iran )alam &ulasi ra-ara-a$ 4Yirmia - al$, 20015$

Br)asar'an n+alaman nulis mnunju''an *a!(a a)a **raa 'asus )ari 100 ana'



7

au-is-i' -r)aa- ; H 8 'asus .an+ sau)ara s'an)un+n.a ju+a mn+alami +an++uan

r'm*an+an sr-i ana' au-is-i'$ Pnulis mnjumai **raa 'asus sr-i ana' r-ama

)isr-ai +an++uan rila'u au-is-i', ana' ')ua =n&rmal> )an ana' '-i+a )isr-ai )n+an

+an++uan au-is-i'$ al ini mnunju''an *a!(a an++&-a 'lur+a mm*a(a rsi'&

s-i)a'n.a arian )ari au-is-i', mn+ara! a)a aa .an+ )is*u- )n+an Br&a)r Au-ism

P!n&-., )imana )i-unju''an )n+an 'ara'-ris-i' .an+ miri, s-i)a'n.a +an++uan

s&sial, '&muni'asi )an un+si '&+ni-i 4Ma/Lan - al$, 1999 Pin, 19995$ Namun

)mi'ian, s*narn.a -i)a' smua nli-i mnmu'an a)an.a !u*un+an .an+ si+nii'an

an-ara sau)ara 'an)un+ )an a)ann.a +an++uan r'm*an+an, ana' au-is-i'$ al ini *rar-i

*a!(a **raa &ran+ -ua )an sau)ara s'an)un+ mn+alami s-rss )alam mn+a-asi ana'

au-is-i' -i)a' !an.a )alam mn+i)n-ii'asi 'ara'-ris-i'n.a --ai ju+a a)a an++&-a

'luar+a lainn.a$ Slanju-n.a, *rar-i an++&-a 'luar+a mun+'in mm&nis )n+an -i)a'

a)il ji'a r&ssi&nal mla'u'an 'sala!an )imana *a+i &ran+ -ua )an an++&-a 'luar+a

mnja)i mara!, *in+un+ -r!a)a +an++uan .an+ )ias&siasi'an )n+an !n&-.$

D$ u*un+an Pr&si&nal$Au-is-i' mrua'an '&n)isi .an+ '&ml's )an !al -rs*u- mm*a(a )ama' .an+

mul-il a)a as' r'm*an+an ana'$Un-u' i-u, '-ii-as r&+ram nan+anan ana'

au-is-i' !n)a'n.a mli*a-'an sjumla! r&ssi&nal$ K*u-u!an un-u' mn+a-ur !u*un+an

)n+an r&ssi&nal mn/i-a'an -'anan *a+i 'luar+a )n+an ana' au-is-i'$ u*un+an

r&ssi&nal )n+an &ran+ -ua mli*a-'an r&+ram analisis rila'u$ Mun+'in &ran+ -ua

rlu un-u' mla'u'an '&la*&rasi )n+an **raa a!li sr-i )&'-r, si'&l&+, isi&

-rais, -rais (i/ara, -rais &'uasi, -rais rila'u, '&nsul-an r&+ram nan+anan ana'

au-is-i', '&nsl&r )an +uru 'las$ Mr'a mmili'i ran .an+ s-ara )imana ran -rs*u-

)issuai'an )n+an 'a!liann.a$ Yan+ srin+ -rja)i a)ala! sa-u r&ssi&nal mnja)i

su*&r)ina- )ari r&ssi&nal lainn.a$ S*a+ai /&n-&! .an+ n.a-a, +uru a)ala! sa-u r&ssi&nal .an+ san+a- mn+-a!ui -n-an+ m*lajaran )alam s--in+ 'lasi'al )an

n)i)i'an &rmal, -rais &'uasi -n-u l*i! )&minan a)a nan+anan as' m&-&ri' )an

'&&r)inasin.a, )an s-rusn.a$ Mr'a sla.a'n.a *'rjasama )an *'rja ssuai

'a!liann.a un-u' mn+&-imal'an r'm*an+an ana'n.a$ Para r&ssi&nal .an+

*ra+am mmili'i -ujuan in-rnsi )an s-ra-+i .an+ mn/rmin'an rs'-i .an+

*r*)a$ Sa.an+n.a, rs'-i .an+ *rariasi )aa- mnja)i'an '&nli'$ Srin+'ali &ran+

-ua )i!a)a'an a)a ili!an an-ara s-ra-+i in-rnsi )an n)'a-an *u'an 'arna sua-u

alasan -r-n-u --ai 'arna r&ssi&nal mmasu''an m-&) mr'a$Luasn.a '*u-u!an in-rnsi, **raa &ran+ -ua *ru*a! ran r&ssi&nal un-u'

mnan++ai ana'n.a$ Srin+'ali &ran+ -ua mnja)i -rais, +uru, '&&r)ina-&r 'asus, )an+uru *a+i ana'n.a$ Tr'a)an+ &ran+ -ua *r'm*an+ 'a!lian.a -n-an+ au-is-i' )i*an)in+

**raa r&ssi&nal, *a!'an **raa )ari mr'a -i)a' mn+i'u-i la-i!an '!usus

-n-an+ au-is-i'$ Ms'iun 'a!lian &ran+ -ua san+a- mn+un-un+'an, --ai a'i*a- )ari

ran in-nsi )an '&ml'si-as rmasala!an mn/i-a'an s-rss .an+ -a' -rla''an,

'!ususn.a *a+i i*u .an+ mlanju-'an 'arr mr'a )an ju+a &'us a)a '*u-u!an

in-rnsi ana' au-is-i' mr'a$ 4Gra., 2002 Sl-Fr - al$, 20015$



8

9$ TraiTrai .an+ Ta' Manjamin K*r!asilan Ana' Au-is-i'$

@&l'mar )an '&l+n.a 419995 mn+i)n-ii'asi **raa -ra-mn- sr-i a/ili-a-)

/&mmuni/a-i&n mnunju''an an-usias .an+ luar *iasa --ai +a+al mnunju''an !asil .an+

rlia*l )imana sun++u!sun++u! -ruji$ Ua.aua.a .an+ )ila'u'an &l! &ran+ -ua ana'

au-is-i' a)a &ran+&ran+ mlalui -un-u-an .an+ san+a- luas .an+ -rais samai'an

mnam*a! s-rss mr'a$ Slanju-n.a, &ran+ -ua ana' au-is-i' mn+u*a! 'sa'a-an

'*u-u!an .an+ mn)asar ana' mr'a )an mm&'us'an nr+i mr'a un-u'

mn++una'an n)'a-an n+ajaran )an rila'u$ %a)i, -i)a' a)a jaminan .an+ as-i *a!(a

jnisjnis -rai .an+ a)a )aa- mm*an-u sluru!n.a *a+i r'm*an+an smua ana'

au-is-i'$ Br)asar'an n+alaman nulis mnunju''an *a!(a '*in+un+an &ran+ -ua

mm*ua- &ran+ -ua mm*a*i *u-a )alam mn+am*il lan+'a!lan+'a! nan+anan )mi

='sm*u!an> ana'n.a$ S!in++a !al .an+ srin+'ali -rja)i '-i'a a)a sa-u in&rmasi

*a!(a /ara a-au m-&) -r-n-u )aa- mm*an-u ana' au-is-i' mnja)i l*i! *ai', &ran+ -ua

/a-/a- un-u' mn+am*il r&+ram -rs*u-$ Pa)a!al mun+'in *lum -ruji s/ara

m-&)&l&+is<ilmia!$ #i In)&nsia, )alam rs'-i 'ul-ural san+a- mu)a! *a+i &ran+ -ua)in+aru!i )n+an m-&) =n.m*u!an> .an+ *rsia- ma+i/ a-au -i)a' masu' a'al$

4mun+'in a)a *narn.a 5$ K&n)isi inila! .an+ san+a- rn-an )imanaa-'an &l! in)ii)u

.an+ -i)a' *r-an++un+ja(a* )an s*a-as in+in mn+am*il 'un-un+an saja$ 4mun+'in

a-au ma'su)n.a mm*an-u5$ Ol! 'arna i-u n-in+ s'ali *a+i &ran+ -ua un-u' mnlusuri

*r'ai-an )n+an /ara/ara nan+anan ana' au-is-i'$

10$ #u'un+an TraisTrais S/ara Emiri' Ba+i Pr'm*an+an Ana' au-is-i'$

S/ara *rla(anan, r+ra'an .an+ mn+ara! in)n-ii'asi )an rmin-aan s/ara

miri'al )u'un+an -rais mnma-'an &ran+ -ua mnam*a! s-rss$ Pn-in+ s'ali *a!(a

ara -rais mmili'i 'uali-as )alam in-rnsi .an+ mma)ai$ B*raa )&'umn

nli-ian )alam laan+an au-is-i' )ian++a s*a+ai *a+ian '/n)run+an s/ara umum)alam 's!a-an mn-al )an n)i)i'an$ #i Amri'a '/n)run+an ini mluas !in++a

-a!un 1990an .an+ )i-an)ai )n+an is-ila! miri/all. ali)a-) a-au miri/all. su&r-)

-ra-mn- 4E@Ts-, ESTs-5, i)n-ii'asi 'r-ria '!usus *a+i i)n-ii'asi ali)i-as s/ara

miri' )an )is'risi )ari ESTs- *a+i '&n)isi '!usus$ 4$+$, ?!am*lss Olln)i/', 2000$

?!ris-&!rsn M&r-(-, 2001 S-&i*r Kra-&/!(ill, 20005$

Oran+ -ua )n+an ana' au-is-i' -n-u *r!ara mn)aa-'an -rais-rais .an+ -rjamin

'uali-asn.a$ al ini srin+ 'ali )ila'u'an &l! &ran+ -ua )n+an mn++una'an i)n-ii'asi

'uali-as -rais *r)asar'an n+alaman$ Ca'-an.a, -i)a' *an.a' )i-mui )sain .an+

sun++u!sun++u! un-u' mn+!asil'an -rais .an+ *r'uali-as )an s-u)i .an+

mm*an)in+'an n)'a-an u-ama )alam in-rnsi ana' au-is-i'$ #i In)&nsia, r'm*an+an -rais sun++u! mnari' un-u' )i/rma-i$ Br)asar'an n)i)i'an &rmal

**raa r&ssi&nal )alam *i)an+ ini )ian++a l*i! rlan un-u' mm*an-u ana'ana'

*r'*u-u!an '!usus sr-i lulusan PLB<PK<PKK 4Pn)i)i'an Luar Biasa<Pn)i)i'an

K!usus<Pn)i)i'an K*u-u!an K!usus5, #3 OT 4O//ua-i&nal T!ra.5, #3 ST 4S/!

T!ra.5 )an si'&l&+i$ Namun )mi'ian, r'm*an+an .an+ -rja)i a)ala! *an.a' s'ali

ara -rais .an+ )ir&)u'si )ari lm*a+a -r-n-u .an+ *u'an *rla-ar *la'an+ n)i)i'an



9

-rs*u- )i a-as misaln.a )ari jurusan r-anian, &li-'ni', a'r, sas-ra jrman, ari(isa-a,

*a!'an a'ul-as !&'um )an isi$ al ini -rja)i 'arna **raa alasan sr-i '*u-u!an

&ran+ -ua 4.an+ n-in+ mau )an *isa5, 'uran+n.a -na+a -rais )an *lum a)an.a r+ulasi

.an+ jlas a-au -ru*li'asi'an$ Ol! 'arna i-u &ran+ -ua )i)&r&n+ un-u' l*i! -li-i )alam

mmili! -rais .an+ mmili'i 'uali-as .an+ ssuai )n+an .an+ )i!ara'ann.a$

Paaran )i a-as mnunju''an *-aa rumi-n.a rs&alan .an+ )i!a)ai &l! &ran+ -ua

4'!ususn.a i*u5 .an+ mmili'i ana' au-is-i'$ I*u )i!a)a'an a)a rs&alan rs&n mas.ara'a-

)an ra'si 'luar+a )alam !al ini suami, 'luar+a )ari suami, mr-ua a-au *a!'an 'luar+a

sn)iri$ al .an+ l*i! n.a-a s*narn.a a)ala! *a+aimana i*u mn+!a)ai rila'u ana'

au-is-i' i-u sn)iri$ al ini -n-u a'an *r'ai-an )n+an as' si'&l&+is i*u '-i'a mn+!a)ai

ana' au-is-i'$ Br)asar'an aaran )i a-as, rs&alan &ran+ -ua )aa- )i'l&m&''an )alam -i+a

!al .a'ni rs&alan .an+ )iri &ran+ -ua 4i*u5 )n+an ana' au-is-i', 'luar+a )an mas.ara'a-$

Ka)aan ini jlas mnunju''an *a!(a i*u mm*u-u!'an *an-uan a!li un-u' mma!ami )an

mn+!a)ai rila'u ana' au-is-i', 'luar+a )an mas.ara'a- s'ali+us mn.ia'an as'

si'&l&+isn.a$ asil nli-ian nulis mnunju''an i*u )ian++a sa-u su*.' .an+ san+a-

rn-an )ilili- masala! )an san+a- ur+n un-u' s+ra )i*ri'an r-&l&n+an a+ar i*u -i)a'

-rj*a' )alam masala! .an+ sma'in rumi-$ Bila -i)a' s+ra )i*ri'an r-&l&n+an, rila'u

i*u saa- mn+!a)ai ana' au-is-i' a'an mn+ara! a)a jalur )an /ara/ara .an+ sala! s!in++a

ana' au-is-i' -i)a' mn/aai r'm*an+an .an+ ma'simal$ Bim*in+an )an K&nslin+ 4BK5

)ian++a sa-u *i)an+ .an+ )aa- mm*an-u i*u )alam mn+a-asi rmasala!an -rs*u-, -n-u

)n+an m*im*in+ a-au '&nsl&r .an+ mmili'i )ua '&m-nsi *ai' -n-an+ ' BKan )an

ana' '*u-u!'an '!usus 4'!usus au-is-i'5$ 4Ba/a !asil nli-ian nulis, )isr-asi5$

Problem Ibu Autis

Documents

Transcript of Problem Ibu Autis