Presentation M2

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8/26/2008 Pengantar Teknik Industri/SritomoW.Soebroto

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Materi # 1PENGANTAR TEKNIK INDUSTRI

(Engineering, Manajemen dan Industri)

Sritomo W.SoebrotoLaboratorium Ergonomi & Perancangan Sistem KerjaJurusan Teknik Industri - Fakultas Teknologi Industri

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberSURABAYA


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Instruksional Objective• Memberikan pemahaman tentang sejarah pertumbuhan

disiplin keilmuan Teknik Industri, logical reasoningprocess perkembangannya di masa depan.

• Memberikan gambaran umum konsep-konsep dasardalam disiplin Teknik Industri & Manajemen Industri.

• Memberikan konsep dasar, logika berpikir dan metode-metode yang dipakai dalam disiplin Teknik Industri &Manajemen Industri.

• Memberikan konsep dasar berpikir secara sistemik danpola pemecahan masalah secara komprehensif danoptimal yang menjadi ciri disiplin Teknik Industri &Manajemen Industri.

• Memperkenalkan teknik-teknik peningkatan produktivi-tas, efektivitas dan efisiensi industri.


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Agenda

Engineering &Manajemen

Industri, ManajemenIndustri dan Bisnis

Proses (PendekatanCIMOSA)


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Engineers or Managers?(Teknolog atau Ekonom)


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Engineering, Mathematicians & Economists?

Engineers solve problems, but so do mathematicians.Engineers analyze, but so do statisticians and economists.

Engineers design systems, do others ?(Wayne C. Turner, et.al. Introduction to Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2003)


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Engineering ?• Ingenium• Ingeniators• Military Engineering >< Civil Engineering

“The profession in which a knowledge ofmathematical and natural sciences gained bystudy, experience and practice is applied withjudgment to develop ways to utilize,economically, the materials and forces ofnature for the benefit of mankind”

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Engineering ?The profession in which a knowledge of the

mathematical and natural sciences gained by study,experience, and practice is applied with judgment

to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materialsand forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.

(Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology – ABET, 1993)

Includes the application of these mathematical and scientificprinciples to the planning, design, construction, operation, andmaintenance of products, systems, and large fixed work that servehumankind; as such it also includes the management of suchactivities, research and development related to such output, and theeducation of persons who will be responsible for these myriadforms of activity.


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Basic Engineering ProcessProblem Symptom(Expression of Need)

Problem Definition(Statement of Desired Outcome)

Analysis(Including Experimentation)

SynthesisOf Alternative Design Solutions

Decision(selection of the best alternative)

Solution, System,Product, Process or Method


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Engineering Process• General activities : (1) Solve problems,

(2) Analyze problems, (3) Design Systems(Synthesis/Creativity/Innovative, etc.).

• Analysis : menguraikan persoalan dalamelemen-elemen dasarnya (detail), dan terkaitdengan existing systems.

• Synthesis : kebalikan dari analysis, mengkombinasikan elemen-elemen menjadi satukesatuan sistem yang terintegrasi, dan terkaitdengan new/improved systems.


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Engineering Product Design

Engineering Research

Development

Design(Engineering & Industrial Design)

Production, Mfg & Maintenance

Sales, Marketing & Distribution

Engineering(By Function)

Commercialization(Economic)

Incr

easin

g Pr

actic

ally

Incr

easi

ng A

bstr

actio

n


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The Engineering Design ProcessINPUTS

Econ

omic

s

Scie

nce

Engi

neer

ing

Scie

nce

Engi

neer

ing

Tech

nolo

gy

Erg

onom

ics

Aes

thet

ics

Soci

olog

y

Psyc

holo

gy

Ecol

ogy

Needs ?Engineering

Design Process A Better Worldfor Us ?


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Skills and Qualities Needed forEngineering Profession

• Good and math skills• Strong time management skills• Mechanical aptitude• Good common sense• A strong desire for

organization andefficiency

• Excellent communi-cation/ salesmanship

• Creative problem solving• Inquisitive mind• Continuous desire to learn

• Quantitative skills• Technical competency

• Continuous drive forimprovement

• Listening skills• Negotiation skills• Ability to adapt to

many environments, wearmany hat and interact

with a diverse group ofindividuals

• Leadership skills• Ethics

• Passion for improvement, etc.

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Management

Engineering VS Management ?

Engineering

Engineering Management

• Problem terdefinisikan jelas• Sub-sistem material• Penuh dengan faktor/variableserba pasti

• Asumsi berlaku secarakontinyu

• Data bisa dikembangkan baik• Keputusan diambil secara

analitis

• Problem tidak bisa didefinisikanjelas

• Sub-sistem manusia• Banyak berhadapan dengan

faktor/variable• Asumsi tidak berlaku kontinyu• Data base tidak lengkap• Keputusan lebih banyak diambil

berdasarkan intuisi


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Role Differences Between Engineers and Managers

Position Engineer Manager

1. Focus - More concerned with things - More concerned with people.technical/scientific.

2. Decision Making - Makes decision with much - Makes decision often with inadequateinformation, under conditions of information, under conditions ofgreater certainty. greater uncertainty.

3. Involvement - Works on tasks and problem - Directs the work of others to goals.solving personally.

4. Process Outcome - Work based on facts with - Work based on fewer facts, lessquantifiable outcomes. measurable outcomes.

5. Effectiveness - Depends on personal technical - Depends on interpersonal skills inexpertise, attention to detail, communication, conflict management,mathematical/technical problem getting ideas across, negotiating andsolving and designing. Coaching.

6. Dependency - Experiences role as autonomous. - Experiences role as interdependent.7. Responsibility Individual accomplishment in one - Many objectives at once, requiring

project, task, or problem at a time. orchestrating a broad range ofvariables and organizational entities.

8. Creativity - Creative with products, design, - Creative with people and organizationsand materials.

9. Bottom Line - Will it work? - Will it make/save money for organiza-tion?

(P. Morrison, “Making Managers of Engineers”, Journal of Management Engineering, Vol.2, No. 4, 1986)


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Sains, Rekayasa & Teknik Industri

Attributes Rekayasa(General Engineering)

Teknik Industri(Industrial Engineering)

Obyek

Yang Dihasilkan

Ukuran Kinerja

Ukuran Nilai

Diawali/DiakhiriDengan :

Profesi

Sistem Alamiah(Natural)

Teori/Pengetahuan

Sistem Buatan

Sains

Sistem Integral(Mikro/Makro)

Kebenaran

Mutlak(absolute)

Keingin-Tahuan(Curiousity)

Ilmuwan(Scientist)

Insinyur(Engineer)

Produk/Proses

Manfaat(Benefits for Mankind)

Relatif

Kebutuhan/Persoalan(Needs & Problems)

Nilai Tambah(Value Added)

Produktivitas,Efektivitas dan Efisiensi

Kontekstual

Kebutuhan/Persoalan(Needs & Problems)

Insinyur, Manager &Leader


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Industri?


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What is Industry?

Profit

Services

Private EnterpriseFree Enterprise

Capitalism

INDUSTRY is the way ofsatisfying our needs andwants by using the basic

resources of men, materials,and money

WE LIVE INAN INDUSTRIAL WORLD

Goods


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Land Capital

Labor

….. industri adalah lokasi (tempat) dimana aktivitas produksiakan diselenggarakan …..

Aktivitas produksi …. sekumpulan aktivitas yang diperlukanuntuk merubah satu kumpulan masukan (inputs) menjadi produkluaran akhir (finished goods output) yang memiliki nilai tambah

Industri

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Proses Produksi“Black Box”

- Formulasi Problem yang MenjadiTanggung-Jawab Profesi

Teknik Industri- Proses Transformasi (Fisik &

Non-Fisik)- Proses Nilai Tambah (Fungsi &

Ekonomis)- Aktivitas Produktif >< Non-Produktif

InputsFinished

GoodsOutput

Waste

Sistem Input-Output Proses Produksi


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FinishedGoods

Products

Waste,Defects, etc

Diagram Sistem Input-Output Proses Produksi

Proses Produksi* Factory* Hospital* Bank/Insurance* Transportation/Distribution* Dan Lain-Lain

Value Added(Functional & Economical)

Services

. Material

. Human

. Machines/Equipment

. Information

. Energy

Transformation Process(Fisik & Non-Fisik)


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Type of Modern Industry ?

Construction

Manufacturing

Communication &Information

Distribution & Transportation

Services &Consultation


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Finished GoodsProducts

Waste,Defects, etc

“Diagram Sistem Industri”

Services

. Material

. Human

. Machines/Equipment

. Information

. Energy

Proses Manajemen

Environment

StandardPerformance* Quality* Costs* Time

Delivery

ProsesProduksi


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Proses Produksi/Operasional(Proses Konversi Uang Menjadi Produk yang Memiliki Nilai Tambah)

TaxDividends Bhn Baku Tenaga

KerjaEnergi Informasi,

dllCapital(Depresiasi)

Proses Distribusi & Pemasaran/Penjualan(Proses Konversi Produk Menjadi Uang)

Finished Goods Product

Long TermCapital Assets

Modal Kerja(Working Capital)

Income(Before Tax)

Aktivitas ProduksiDitinjau dari ProsesAliran Uang


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Where are yourmanufacturing costs

hiding?

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Mass Productionis the Key to IndustrializationEli Whitney – the father of massproduction

Interchangeable partsare exactly alike

Henry Ford developer ofthe “moving assembly line”

Produce more productsin a shorter time period


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GNP(Gross National Product)

GNPGOODS + SERVICES =Prices of

Produced

Prices of

Provided

A Device Used to Measurethe Economic Output of a Country


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PRODUCTIVITYThe Goods and Services Produced by a Country

Productivity May Rise or Fall8/26/2008 Pengantar Teknik Industri/Sritomo

W.Soebroto28

Produktivitas, Unit Costs & Daya Saing

P CP1

P2

t1 t220021997

t11997

t22002

UC1

UC2

Units/cost

Cost/unit


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Four Tasks of Industrial Management

PLANNINGPreparing the Future

Objectives and Goals ofthe Company

ORGANIZINGDeciding What ActivitiesMust Be Done to MeetEstablished Objectives

DIRECTINGSupervising the Workers

While They Carry Outthe ObjectivesCONTROLLING

Insuring That All Operationsand Activities

Conform to the Plans


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Seven Aspects of Successful Industry

Management

Plan, Organize, Direct andEvaluate/Control Industrial Operations

Manpower

Employees who usemachines and materials tomake the product

Money

Buys facilities & materialsand pays employees

MaterialsBasics from whichproducts are madeMethods

Processes used byemployees

to make the product

Markets

Where the productis sold by the industry

Machines

Tools and equipmentto produce the product

ALL SEVEN ASPECTSARE EQUALLY

IMPORTANT AND ESSENTIAL

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Interaksi Proses Perancangan Produk,Proses Produksi, Proses Pemasaran dan

Aspek Finansial

Finance

R & DEngineering

Production/Manufacturing

Marketing

Fund Request

Budgeting

Design forManufacturingProcess Needs

Fund

Req

uest

Budg

etin

gCustomer Needs

Product Design

Sales F

orecast

Inventory

Fund RequestBudgeting


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Pendekatan Business Process CIMOSA(Computer Integrated Manufacturing for Open System Architecture)

Set Direction Set Strategy Direct Business

Manage Process

DevelopProduct/Service Get Order Fulfill Order Support Product

Human ResourcesManagement

FinancialAccounting

InformationTechnology

MaintenanceManagement

Core Business Process

Support Process


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Pendekatan BP-Cimosa

Manage Process

Core Business Process

Support ProcessSupport Process


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BP – CIMOSACBP : Develop Product/Sevices

• Strategi perancangan dan pengembanganproduk

• Memahami pentingnya voice of customer danmenterjemahkannya ke dalam parameter -parameter teknis dalam rancangan produk (QFDMethods).

• Tahapan-tahapan perancangan produk daritahap pencarian ide, konsep sampai dengantahap komersialisasi.


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BP – CIMOSACBP : Get Order

• Strategi pemasaran• Manajemen pemasaran• Sigi pasar sebagai bagian dari strategi

pemasaran


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BP – CIMOSACBP : Fulfill Order

• Pengenalan berbagai macam proses dansistem produksi

• Teknik tata cara dan pengukuran kerja• Perencanaan fasilitas dan kapasitas produksi• Perencanaan dan pengendalian produksi/

operasional• Strategi perencanaan – Supply Chain• Teknik-teknik optimasi (operation research)

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BP – CIMOSACBP : Support Product

• Customer service & satisfaction• Customer relation management


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BP – CIMOSASP : Human Resources Management

• Organisasi dan management industri• Manajemen SDM


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BP – CIMOSASP : Financial & Accounting

• Analisa biaya• Analisa ekonomi teknik• Manajemen keuangan


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BP – CIMOSASP : Information Technology

• Peranan teknologi informasi dalammendukung proses produksi

• Strategi implementasi teknologiinformasi di industri


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BP – CIMOSASP : Maintenance Management

• Peranan maintenance managementdalam proses produksi

• Reliability engineering• Implementasi maintenance management


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Presentation M2

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