PENDAHULUAN DASAR PENAMAAN TERMINOLOGI PENAMAAN SECARA DESKRIPSI PENAMAAN SECARA GENESA TUF & BREKSI GUNUNGAPIAlur PembelajaranAlur Pembelajaran PENDAHULUANPENDAHULUAN BATUAN GN. API TERSEBAR LUAS DI INDONESIA SANGAT SEDIKIT PENELITI VOLKANOLOGI LINGKUP VOLKANOLOGI VOLKANOLOGI SBG ILMU MURNI DAN ILMU TERAPAN BasalticBasaltic lavas lavasAndesitic to Andesitic toRhyoliticRhyolitic lavas lavasBasaltic to Basaltic toAndesiticAndesitic lavas lavasAndesitic to Andesitic toRhyoliticRhyolitic lavas lavasAndesitic to Andesitic toRhyoliticRhyolitic lavas lavasCentralCentraleruptions:eruptions:styles andstyles andlandformslandforms Shield VolcanoesFlat, broad volcanoes formed by thousands of thin basaltic lava flowsExample: Mauna Loa (awaii! " the tallest structure on Earth (#$ %m hi&h! Volcanic 'omesi&hly viscous (does not flow easily! felsic lava bloc%s the vent(ressure builds up and volcano usually explodes in a pyroclastic eruption(%now that mount St) elens is an example! *inder *one Volcano(yroclastic eruptions build up layers of pyroclasts *omposite Volcano (also called stratovolcano!Volcano built up of layers of both pyroclasts and lava(%now that Mount Fui+i and Mount Vesuvius are examples! Many volcanoes have craters near their summit, caldera is formed when the ma&ma chamber below the volcano collapses Pembentukan batuan gunung apiPembentukan batuan gunung api Piroklastika jatuhanAliran piroklastikaAliran laharProsesProsesmagmatismemagmatismeProsesProsessedimentasisedimentasiAda kesatuan proses intrusi dan ekstrusi (magmatisme, volkanisme) & sedimentasiKantong magmaretassillLeher gunungapiKubah lavaAliran lavaDapur magmaVolkanismeVolkanisme DASAR PENAMAANDASAR PENAMAAN DESKRIPSI NAMA (SECARA DESKRIPSI) DESKRIPSI GENESA NAMA (SECARA GENESA) KOMBINASI NAMA SECARA DESKRIPSI & GENESA LINGKUP PENAMAANLINGKUP PENAMAAN MEGASKOPIK CONTOH SETANGAN MEGASKOPIK DI LAPANGAN MIKROSKOPIK KIMIAWI GUNUNGAPI (GUNUNGAPI (VOLCANOVOLCANO))BOTH THE PLACE OR OPENING BOTH THE PLACE OR OPENING FROM WHICH MOLTEN ROCK OR FROM WHICH MOLTEN ROCK OR GAS, AND GENERALLY BOTH, GAS, AND GENERALLY BOTH, ISSUES FROM THE EARTHS ISSUES FROM THE EARTHS INTERIOR ONTO THE SURFACE, INTERIOR ONTO THE SURFACE, AND THE HILL OR MOUNTAIN AND THE HILL OR MOUNTAIN BUILT UP AROUND THE OPENING BUILT UP AROUND THE OPENING BY ACCUMULATION OF THE ROCK BY ACCUMULATION OF THE ROCK MATERIAL (Ma!"#a$!, %&'()MATERIAL (Ma!"#a$!, %&'() BATUAN GUNUNGAPIBATUAN GUNUNGAPI BATUAN YANG TERBENTUK SEBAGAI HASIL AKTIVITAS GUNUNGAPI, BAIK LANGSUNG MAUPUN TIDAK LANGSUNG LANGSUNG) HASIL ERUPSI MEMBEKU*MENGENDAP INSITU TIDAK LANGSUNG) SUDAH MENGALAMI PEROMBAKAN* DEFORMASI Submarine fan environmental model (alker, !"#$) Lajoie & Sti%, !""& 'isher & S(hmin(ke, !"#) 'iske & *atsuda, !"+) in ,as & right, !"#- *(Phie dkk., !""/ CIRI+CIRI BATUAN GN.APICIRI+CIRI BATUAN GN.API TEKSTUR HIPOKRISTALIN + GELAS*HOLOHEALIN STRUKTUR MENCERMINKAN PENDINGINAN SANGAT CEPAT (,-.a/-,#0, 1$a22 3#$423"#2, 25,$,0a$, ,0.) KOMPOSISI SELALU MENGANDUNG GELAS PARAMETER DESKRIPSIPARAMETER DESKRIPSI WARNA TEKSTUR (BENTUK & UKURAN BUTIR*KRISTAL, KEMAS, SORTASI) STRUKTUR (PENDINGINAN CEPAT & PENGENDAPAN) KOMPOSISI (MINERAL, BATUAN) PARAMETER GENESAPARAMETER GENESA SUMBER (ERUPSI GUNUNGAPI) PROSES (MEKANISME PEMBEKUAN* PENGENDAPAN) UMUR (PEMBEKUAN* PENGENDAPAN) LINGKUNGAN (PEMBEKUAN* PENGENDAPAN KELOMPOK UTAMA KELOMPOK UTAMA BATUAN GN.APIBATUAN GN.API LAVA KOHEREN (INTRUSI DANGKAL & BATUAN BEKU LUAR) BATUAN KLASTIKA GUNUNGAPI PENAMAAN DESKRIPTIF PENAMAAN DESKRIPTIF MINERALOGI LAVA KOHERENMINERALOGI LAVA KOHERENWARNA1,$a6* 730a-a.4+a.4 TEKSTURa8a#306"98393 STRUKTUR-a238 + 25"93a -a238 KOMPOSISI+8,#"5) 6$1 & 7.$, -2!29 a8a#30 NAMABa2a$A#!,230 PENAMAAN DESKRIPTIF PENAMAAN DESKRIPTIF SECARA KIMIASECARA KIMIANAMA BATUAN: B,9a0 S3O( Ba2a$;< +