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Pertemuan 11Sistem Informasi Manajemen

Matakuliah : M0084/Sistem Informasi dalam ManajemenTahun : 2005Versi : 1/1

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Learning Outcomes

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu :• Mahasiswa dapat Menerangkan konsep-

konsep SIM (C2)

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Outline Materi

• Pengertian SIM• Konsep Subsistem Informasi Organisasi• Report Writing Software• Model Matematika• Simulasi• Contoh Pembuatan Model• Output Grafis

MIS DefinitionMIS Definition

A computer-based system that makes A computer-based system that makes information available to users with similar information available to users with similar needs.needs.– Users are typically comprise a formal Users are typically comprise a formal

organizational entityorganizational entity– Describes what has happened in the pastDescribes what has happened in the past

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Early MIS EffortsEarly MIS Efforts Popular in business by the mid 1960sPopular in business by the mid 1960s Punched card and keydriven machines were Punched card and keydriven machines were

used only for data processingused only for data processing The first computers were applied the same wayThe first computers were applied the same way Only a few computer literate people in the firmsOnly a few computer literate people in the firms Managers became aware of computer’s Managers became aware of computer’s

processes and powerprocesses and power

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MIS is an Organizational MIS is an Organizational ResourceResource

InformationInformation– Past, present, futurePast, present, future– Periodic reports, special reports, simulationsPeriodic reports, special reports, simulations

Similar needsSimilar needs– Functional areaFunctional area– Management levelManagement level– Managers and nonmanagersManagers and nonmanagers

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An MIS ModelAn MIS Model DatabaseDatabase

– AIS data and informationAIS data and information– Environmental data and informationEnvironmental data and information

Interorganizational information systems Interorganizational information systems (IOS)(IOS)– Firms band together with other organizations Firms band together with other organizations

such as supplierssuch as suppliers

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EnvironmentEnvironmentOrganizational Organizational

problemproblemsolverssolvers

Report writingReport writingsoftwaresoftware

MathematicalMathematicalmodelsmodels

Management Management InformationInformation

SystemSystem

An MIS ModelAn MIS ModelData Data Information Information

EnvironmentEnvironment

DatabaseDatabase

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ExecutiveInformation

System(EIS)

Organizational Information Organizational Information SystemsSystems

Marketinginformation

system

Manufacturinginformation

system

Financialinformation

system

Human resourceinformation

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Functional Information Functional Information SystemsSystems

MIS tailored to meet users’ needs for information MIS tailored to meet users’ needs for information concerning functional areasconcerning functional areas– ManufacturingManufacturing– HRISHRIS– OthersOthers

Executive information systems (EIS)Executive information systems (EIS) Enterprise information systemEnterprise information system

– Pulls functional ISs togetherPulls functional ISs together– Enterprise resource planning (ERP) Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

Report Writing SoftwareReport Writing Software

Periodic and special reports may look the Periodic and special reports may look the samesame

Difference is in what Difference is in what triggerstriggers the report the report– Periodic report Periodic report

» Produced on a scheduleProduced on a schedule– Special report Special report

» Produced when something out of the ordinary Produced when something out of the ordinary occursoccurs

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Incorporating Incorporating Management Management by Exceptionby Exception

Prepare the report only when exceptions Prepare the report only when exceptions occuroccur

Use the report sequence to highlight Use the report sequence to highlight exceptionsexceptions

Group exceptions togetherGroup exceptions together Show the variance from the normShow the variance from the norm

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An Overtime Earnings ReportAn Overtime Earnings ReportOVERTIME EARNINGS REPORTFOR WEEK ENDING AUGUST 19

OVERTIME EARNINGSDepartment No. Department Name Current Month Year-to-Date

16-10 Receiving $ 2,305.00 $ 5,319.2016-11 Inspection $ 1,025.60 $ 4,386.1216-12 Materials Handling $ 3,392.50 $12,629.0016-13 Tooling $ 78.00 $ 1,049.0016-14 Assembly $ 0.00 $ 792.8016-15 Plating $ 3,504.90 $12,635.2016-16 Shipping $ 5,219.16 $18,294.16 TOTALS $15,525.16 $55,105.48

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SALES BY PRODUCT FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE

PRODUCT PRODUCT CURRENT MONTH YEAR-TO-DATENUMBER NAME SALES SALES

129875 GASKET CENTER CASE $ 5,090.23 $ 31,764.00087235 MAINSHAFT 4,760.01 29,329.45118320 1ST MOTION SHAFT 1,789.45 28,243.59250067 OIL SEAL REAR 11,560.24 23,450.07228203 LAYGEAR 8,369.34 14,709.03576000 HUB 5TH .00 13,623.68516012 SHIFT FORK 1-2 450.95 12,634.44090407 SYNCHRO RING 2ND 2,243.27 9,963.58

282130 BUSH SHIFT LEVER .00 490.00576301 OIL SLINGER .00 11.50

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AGED ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE REPORT AS OF MAY 31

---------------------------------------------------------------------CUSTOMER-------- CURRENT 30-60 60-90 OVER 90 TOTALNUMBER NAME AMOUNT DAYS DAYS DAYS AMOUNT-----------------------------------------------------------------51212 KELLY & MARLEY INC 1,003.10 20.26 1023.2651221 KENNEDY ELECTRIC 181.34 181.3452472 KENYON MACHINERY 443.10 443.1053204 KEPNER DANA CO 153.26 114.14 11.12 278.5254233 KERITE CO 367.94 101.74 469.6854574 KEYMAN ASSOCIATES 432.71 431.7155081 KIMBULIANS 24.12 122.81 146.93 55430 KIRSCH CO 26.30 26.30

60245 LEBEN DRILLING 1.10 476.93 174.96 652.39 60772 LEEMONT INC 35.87 35.95 71.82

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SALES BY SALESPERSON REPORT FOR THE MONTH ENDING MARCH 31

SALESPERSON CURRENT-MONTH YEAR-TO-DATE----------- ---------------------- ---------------------- NO. NAME QUOTA ACTUAL VARIANCE QUOTA ACTUAL VARIANCE

0120 JOHN NELSON 1200 1083 -117 3600 3505 -9510469 LYNN SHERRY 1000 1162 +162 3000 3320 +320 19261 DARVIN UPSHAW 800 1090 +290 2400 2510 +11020234 JANIE EVANS 1500 1305 -195 4500 4110 -39061604 TRAVIS BURKE 2000 2333 +333 6000 6712 +71262083 CATHY HAGER 1000 990 -10 3000 2319 -68163049 STEVE JENNER 1100 1250 +150 3300 2416 -88464040 SAM MOSELY 1050 985 -65 3150 3020 -130 TOTALS 9650 10198 548 28950 27912 -1028

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ModelingModeling Models are abstractionsModels are abstractions Models may be:Models may be:

– PhysicalPhysical– NarrativeNarrative– GraphicGraphic– MathematicalMathematical

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Mathematical ModelingMathematical Modeling Most important to MIS usersMost important to MIS users Three dimensionsThree dimensions

– Influence of timeInfluence of time– Degree of uncertaintyDegree of uncertainty– Ability to optimizeAbility to optimize

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Mathematical Model TypesMathematical Model Types StaticStatic

– Does not include timeDoes not include time– Like a snapshot Like a snapshot

DynamicDynamic– Includes timeIncludes time– Like a motion pictureLike a motion picture

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Mathematical Model Types Mathematical Model Types (cont.)(cont.)

ProbabilisticProbabilistic– Includes probabilities of events occuringIncludes probabilities of events occuring– 0.00 to 1.000.00 to 1.00

DeterministicDeterministic– Events are certainEvents are certain– Not randomNot random

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Mathematical Model Types Mathematical Model Types (cont.)(cont.)

OptimizingOptimizing– Selects best solutionSelects best solution– Requires structured problemsRequires structured problems

SuboptimizingSuboptimizing– Also called satisficingAlso called satisficing– Model identifies outcomes for manager to Model identifies outcomes for manager to

select amongselect among

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SimulationSimulation Use of a model is called simulationUse of a model is called simulation ScenarioScenario

– Conditions that influence the simulationConditions that influence the simulation– Scenario data elementsScenario data elements

Decision variablesDecision variables– Input valuesInput values

Output format variesOutput format varies

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Simulation (cont.)Simulation (cont.) Simulation TechniqueSimulation Technique

– Single scenario for optimizing modelSingle scenario for optimizing model– What-if game for suboptimizing modelsWhat-if game for suboptimizing models– Change only single decision variable per runChange only single decision variable per run– Systematically discover answers to problemsSystematically discover answers to problems

Output formatOutput format– Include both decision variables and outcomes on Include both decision variables and outcomes on

same reportsame report

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Modeling ExampleModeling Example Use model to simulate the effect of:Use model to simulate the effect of:

– Price of productPrice of product– Amount of plant investment necessary to provide Amount of plant investment necessary to provide

sufficient capacitysufficient capacity– Amount to invest in marketing activityAmount to invest in marketing activity– Amount to invest in R & DAmount to invest in R & D

Enter model inputEnter model input Review model outputs Review model outputs

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More on ModelingMore on Modeling AdvantagesAdvantages

– Can be a learning experienceCan be a learning experience– Speed allows consideration of more optionsSpeed allows consideration of more options– Provides predictive powerProvides predictive power– Less expensive than trial-and-error methodLess expensive than trial-and-error method

DisadvantagesDisadvantages– Difficult to model a business systemDifficult to model a business system– High degree of mathematical skills requiredHigh degree of mathematical skills required

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INVENTORY PLANNING MODEL OCTOBER 11

SCENARIO:

BEGINNING BALANCE: 200DAILY SALES UNITS: 20

DECISIONS:

0RDER QUANTITY: 100REORDER POINT: 175LEAD TIME: 3

RESULTS: BEGINNING ENDING ORDER RECEIPTDAY BALANCE RECEIPTS SALES BALANCE QUANTITY DUE DATE1 200 20 180 25 5 2 180 50 20 1603 160 20 140 12-26

Graphic OutputGraphic Output Use graphics toUse graphics to

– present a quick summarypresent a quick summary– detect trends over timedetect trends over time– forecast activitiesforecast activities– seek relatively simple impressions from a large seek relatively simple impressions from a large

volume of data volume of data

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Graphical OutputGraphical Output Reports and model outputs can be produced Reports and model outputs can be produced

in tabular or graphical formin tabular or graphical form Spreadsheets have encouraged the use of Spreadsheets have encouraged the use of

graphicsgraphics Can improve decision making capabilityCan improve decision making capability

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End of Session 11