i

PERAN WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME (WFP) DALAM

MENGATASI KRISIS PANGAN DI HAITI

PASCA GEMPA BUMI 2010

Disusun dan Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana

Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1

ROSSI DAMAYANTI

201410360311138

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2018

ii

iii

iv

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS

Yang bertandatangan dibawah ini:

Nama : Rossi Damayanti

Tempat, tanggal lahir : Bogor, 04 Juni 1996

Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Program Studi : Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah (skripsi) dengan judul:

Peran World Food Programme (WFP) dalam Mengatasi Krisis Pangan di Haiti

Pasca Gempa Bumi 2010

Adalah bukan karya tulis ilmiah atau skripsi orang lain, baik sebagian atau

seluruhnya, kecuali dalam bentuk kutipan yang telah saya sebutkan sumbernya

dengan benar.

Demikian surat pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenar-benanya dan

apabila pernyataan ini tidak benar, saya bersedia mendapat sanksi sesuai dengan

ketentuan yang berlaku.

Malang, 03 Juli 2018

Yang menyatakan,

Rossi Damayanti

v

vi

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur peneliti panjatkan kepada Allah Subhanahu wa ta‟ala yang telah

memberikan kesehatan, rahmat, dan hidayahNya sehingga peneliti mampu menyelesaikan

penelitian skripsi. Shalawat serta salam yang senantiasa tercurahkan kepada junjungan

besar, Nabi Muhammad Shallallahu „alaihi wasallam.

Penelitian skripsi ini diajukan sebagai syarat kelulusan dan meraih gelar strata 1

ilmu hubungan internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang, dengan judul “Peran World Food Programme (WFP) dalam

Mengatasi Krisis Pangan di Haiti Pasca Gempa Bumi 2010”. Penelitian skrispsi ini

tentunya tidak dapat dapat diselesaikan tanpa adanya bantuan, dukungan dan bimbingan

dari dosen pembimbing, sehingga peneliti mengucapkan rasa terima kasih yang sebesar-

besarnya.

Akhir kata, dengan sangat rendah hati peneliti menyadari bahwa penelitian skripsi

ini masih jauh dari sempurna, baik secara pengetahuan maupun secara teknis. Oleh sebab

itu, kritik dan saran yang membangun sangat dibutuhkan sebagai bahan evalusasi ke

depannya. Semoga penelitian skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat sekaligus dapat menjadi

referensi bagi para pembaca.

Malang, 03 Juli 2018

Peneliti,

Rossi Damayanti

vii

LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN

Puji syukur juga peneliti panjatkan kepada Allah SWT, yang telah memberikan

kesempatan bagi peneliti untuk memperoleh pendidikan ke jenjang Sarjana S-1, serta

mampu menyelesaikan penelitian skripsi ini. Pada kesempatan ini, peneliti juga ingin

mengucapkan terima kasih yang mendalam kepada semua pihak yang terlibat, diantaranya:

1. Bapak Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu

Politik.

2. Bapak M. Syaprin Zahidi, MA selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan

Internasional.

3. Bapak Havidz Ageng Prakoso, MA selaku dosen pembimbing I dan Bapak

Najamuddin Khairur Rijal, M.Hub.Int selaku dosen pembimbing II yang telah

membimbing dan mengarahkan penulis selama proses penelitian skripsi.

4. Seluruh dosen pengajar Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional,

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

5. Ayah dan Ibu yang selalu mendo‟akan dan memotivasi saya selama proses

akademik. Kakak-kakak saya, Muhammad Ridwan, Renni Nuranti dan Muhlis.

Adik saya, Shelvi Annisa. Serta seluruh keluarga besar yang tidak dapat saya

sebutkan.

6. Kepada seluruh kerabat saya mahasiswa HI 2014 UMM; teman seperjuangan

saya: Sitti Syarifah, Sherly Ayu, Melawati, Ayuni Nur Siami, Rama Fernandy,

Endra Kurniawan, Albi Restu, Wachyu Eka, Diana, Veronica, Dhiyah Arimbi,

Roghip, dan lain-lain.

viii

7. Serta seluruh kerabat saya; Alyani Yasmin, Firda Febriana, Irham Salsabila,

Novilia, Annisa Aulia, Anas Amrullah, Luthfan Bayu, Amir Syaifudin,

Wiranto, Nur Wahid, Arin Puspita, Najwa Wafiyya, Muhammad Irsyad, Agus

Arif, Rifqi Aini, Rizki Nur, Nadiya Asti, Siti Aisyah, Ajeng Wulan, Yustin

Dira, Faradila, Cynthia, Siti Hanifah, dan seluruh kerabat lainnya yang tidak

dapat saya sebutkan satu persatu.

ix

x

xi

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN SAMPUL.....................................................................................................i

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI..........................................................................ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI..........................................................................iii

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS................................................................................iv

BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI..................................................................v

KATA PENGANTAR....................................................................................................vi

LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN.......................................................................................vii

ABSTRAKSI...................................................................................................................ix

ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................x

DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................................xi

DAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................................xiii

DAFTAR BAGAN........................................................................................................xiv

DAFTAR DIAGRAM...................................................................................................xv

DAFTAR GRAFIK......................................................................................................xvi

DAFTAR GAMBAR...................................................................................................xvii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN............................................................................................xviii

BAB 1 Pendahuluan..........................................................................................................1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah...................................................................................1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah............................................................................................7 1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian........................................................................7

1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian.................................................................................7 1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian...............................................................................8

1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu........................................................................................8 Table 1.1 Posisi Penelitian..................................................................................22 1.5 Kerangka Konseptual....................................................................................29

1.5.1 Food Security....................................................................................29 1.5.2 Organisasi Internasio........................................................................32

1.6 Metodologi Penelitian...................................................................................37 1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian.................................................................................37 1.6.2 Teknik Analisa Data.........................................................................38 1.6.3 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian................................................................38 1.6.4 Teknik Pengumpulan Data...............................................................39

1.7 Argumen Dasar.............................................................................................39 1.8 Sistematika Penulisan...................................................................................41

BAB II MASALAH KRISIS PANGAN DI HAITI DAN GAMBARAN WFP

SEBAGAI ORGANISASI INTERNASIONAL..........................................................43

2.1 Masalah Krisis Pangan di Haiti......................................................................43 2.1.1 Kondisi Geografis Haiti.....................................................................43 2.1.2 Kondisi Pangan di Haiti....................................................................46 2.1.3 Krisis Pangan Pasca Gempa Bumi 2010...........................................51

2.2 Gambaran Umum WFP Sebagai Organisasi Internasional............................66

xii

2.2.1 Latar Belakang Terbentuknya WFP.................................................67 2.2.2 Profil, Visi dan Misi WFP.................................................................69 2.2.3 Keterlibatan WFP di Haiti.................................................................73

BAB III PERAN WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME (WFP) DALAM

KESIAPSIAGAAN DAN PENINGKATAN RESPON CEPAT...............................76

3.1 Peran WFP Melalui Kesiapsiagaan..................................................................76 3.2 Peran WFP dalam Meningkatkan Respon Cepat.............................................79 3.3 Pengadaan Sarana Fasilitas Darurat.................................................................84

a. Listrik dan Telekomunikasi.................................................................84 b.Shelter dan Air Bersih..........................................................................88

BAB IV PERAN WFP MELALUI INTERVENSI PANGAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN

KAPASITAS NASIONAL SEBAGAI SUISTANABLE PROGRAMMES...............93

4.1Bantuan Intervensi Pangan dan utrisi..............................................................93 4.1.1 Malnutition Management................................... ..........................93 4.1.2 School Feeding Program...............................................................97 4.1.3 Pengelolaan Pangan Lokal...........................................................104 4.1.4 Menciptakan Peluang Kerja Sementara.......................................110

4.2 Pembangunan Kapasitas Nasional..............................................................115 BAB V PENUTUPAN................................................................................................121

5.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................................................121 5.2 Saran ..........................................................................................................123

DAFTAR PUSTAKA.................................................................................................125

xiii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Posisi Penelitian ............................................................................... ........ 22

Tabel 1.8 Sistematika Penulisan ....................................................................... ........ 41

Tabel 4.1 Jumlah Sekolah Penerima School Feeding Program oleh WFP (2010-2011)

........... ............................................................................................................... ........ 102

xiv

DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 2.1 Struktur Organisasi WFP ................................................................ ........ 69

xv

DAFTAR DIAGRAM

Diagram 2.1 Total Populasi Dunia Tahun 2001-2015 ........ ........................... ........ 48

xvi

DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 2.1 Komoditas Harga Pangan Global ................................................... ........ 50

xvii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Lempeng Tektonik Amerika dan Karibia .................................... ........ 44

Gambar 2.2 Intensitas Gempa .................................................................................. 53

Gambar 3.1 Gudang Stok Pangan ............................................................................ 76

Gambar 3.2 WFP Mendistribusikan Makanan Darurat ............................................ 79

Gambar 3.3 Masyarakat Haiti Menerima Pendistribusian Makanan ........................ 80

Gambar 3.4 Kerusakan Infrastruktur Pasca Gempa Bumi 2010 .............................. 81

Gambar 4.1 Pelajar Haiti Menerima Makanan di Sekolah ....................................... 101

xviii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

CCIH : The Haitian Chamber of Commerce

CCIH : The Haitian Chamber of Commerce

CFAM : Crop Food Security Assessment Mission

CNSA : Coordination Nationale Pour la Securite Alimentaire

DCP : National Deroctorate for Civil Protection

DOS : Department of State

ECHO : European Community Humanitarian Aid

EDH : Electricite d‟Haiti

EU : Europa Union

FAO : Food and Agiculture Organization

FEE : Food for Education

FFW : Food for Work

HEBS : High Energy Biscuits

IFAD : International Fund for Agriculture Development

IGO : Inter Governmental Organization

INGO : Inter Non Governmental Organization

IOM : International Organization for Migration

MOU : Memorandum of Understanding

MSF : Medicos Sin Fronteras

PAHO : Pan American Health Organization

PBB : Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa

SDG‟s : Suistainable Development Goals

SFP : School Feeding Program

TSF : Telecoms Sans Frontieres

UNICEF : United Nations International Children‟s Emergency Fund

USAID : United State Agency for International Development

WHO : World Health Organization

xix

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