Penggunaan metode meta-analisis dalam upaya mewujudkan Feeding Standard Indonesia

Anuraga Jayanegara, Muhammad Ridla, Erika B. Laconi, NahrowiFakultas Peternakan IPB

Outline

A. PendahuluanB. Feeding standard negara lainC. Feeding standard IndonesiaD. Meta-analisisE. Penggunaan meta-analisis dalam feeding standardF. Apakah akurat?

A. Pendahuluan

- Optimalisasi produktivitas ternak formulasi ransum seimbang

- Data untuk formulasi ransum:1. Komposisi nutrien bahan pakan yang digunakan dalam

formulasi2. Kebutuhan nutrisi ternak

- Suatu feeding standard mencakup dua kategori informasi (data) di atas

B. Feeding standard negara lain

- Umumnya dimiliki oleh negara-negara maju- Sejumlah negara yang memiliki feeding standard:

1. USA (NRC)2. UK (AFRC)3. Jerman (GfE)4. Perancis (INRA)5. Dutch (VEM DVE)6. Australia (CSIRO)7. Skandinavia (NORFOR)8. Brazil (BR CORTE)

- Komposisi nutrien bahan pakan:- Sudah berbasis nutrien terutilisasi- Ruminansia: net energy (NE), metabolisable protein (MP)- Unggas: metabolisable energy (ME), digestible amino acids

- Kebutuhan nutrisi ternak:- Spesifik untuk setiap spesies ternak- Spesifik untuk setiap bangsa ternak (faktor koreksi), jenis

kelamin, umur, fase fisiologis, level produksi

Rumen degradation model CP fraction

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72

de

gra

da

tio

n O

M (

%)

incubation time (h)

A + B

Kf

A

U

NRC 2001

kf

RDCP = A + ----------- * B

kf + kp

kp

BP = U + ----------- * B kf + kp

MP = TDOM x 0.130

microbial growth yield

Total digestible

organic matter

TDOM = TDN – (EE - 1) x 2.25

NRC-system (2001)

TPDSI = BPDSI + MPDSI – MDPL (endogenous N loss)

MPDSI = FOM x 0.150 x 0.75 x 0.85

microbial growth yield

AA-content

Duodenal digestibility true microbial protein

Fermentable organic

matter

Belgian-Dutch DVE-system (1994)

NRC-system (2001)

MPDSI = TDOM x 0.130 x 0.80 x 0.80

microbial growth yield

Total digestible

organic matterAA-content

Endogenous N loss (g/d) =

DMI (kg/d) x 1.9

C. Feeding standard Indonesia

- Feeding standard resmi belum ada AINI?- Penyusunan feeding standard memerlukan

sumberdaya yang tidak sedikit: manusia, waktu, finansial, fasilitas, dsb.

- Data komposisi nutrien bahan pakan:- Belum dielaborasi dan tersimpan pada

masing-masing institusi (PT, lembaga riset, industri)

- Milestone: Tabel komposisi bahan pakan Indonesia (UGM; Hartadi et al., 1980)

- Data kebutuhan nutrisi ternak di Indonesia:- Masih sedikit- Terbatas pada eksperimen yang dilakukan problem

dalam generalisasi dan aplikasi pada skala yang lebih luas

- Metode penentuan kebutuhan nutrisi:1. Kalorimetri2. Comparative slaughter technique3. Meta-analisis dari feeding trials

D. Meta-analisis

- Research synthesis = review of primary research on a given topic with a purpose of integrating the findings (creating generalizations, conflict resolution)

- Systematic review = the type of research synthesis on a precisely defined topic using systematic and explicit methods to identify, select, critically appraise and analyze relevant research

- Meta-analysis = statistical synthesis of the results of separate studies (quantitative research synthesis)

Research synthesis

Systematic review Meta-analysis

Step in meta-analytic process

Statistical models

ANOVA-based meta-analysis

Fixed or random effects?

Examples of meta-analyses

E. Meta-analisis dalam feeding standard

- Studi kasus: data feeding trials pada domba di Indonesia- Data merupakan hasil publikasi pada sejumlah jurnal

peternakan di Indonesia seperti Media Peternakan, Jurnal Pengembangan Peternakan Tropis, Buletin Peternakan, Jurnal Produksi Ternak, Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner, dsb.

- Total jumlah studi (artikel) = 34 artikel, 151 data- Bangsa: priangan, ekor gemuk, lokal (tidak spesifik)- Penentuan kebutuhan energi (TDN) dan protein (PK), baik

untuk maintenance maupun gain

Figure 1. Relationship between

initial body weight (BW0, kg) and

dry matter intake (DMI, g/d).

DMI (g/d) = 288 + 21.6 BW0 (kg)

(N = 137; P<0.001; R2 = 0.829).

All interactions between breed, sex

and BW0 on DMI were

insignificant.

Figure 2. Relationship between initial body weight (BW0, kg) and percentage of dry

matter intake (DMI) to BW0.

DMI (%BW0) = 6.04 – 0.120 BW0 (kg) (N = 137; P = 0.003; R2 = 0.746).

All interactions between breed, sex and BW0 on DMI were insignificant.

Figure 3. Relationship between dry matter intake (DMI, g/kg MBW/d) and average daily

gain (ADG, g/kg MBW/d).

DMI (g/kg MBW/d) = 57.6 + 2.20 ADG (g/kg MBW/d) (N = 137; P<0.001; R2 = 0.823).

All interactions between breed, sex and ADG on DMI were insignificant.

Figure 4. Relationship between total digestible nutrient intake (TDNI, g/kg MBW/d) and average

daily gain (ADG, g/kg MBW/d) of local (-○-), Priangan (-∆-) and fat-tailed (-□-) sheep breeds.

Local breed:

TDNI (g/kg MBW/d) = 27.0 + 2.75 ADG (g/kg MBW/d)

(N = 46; P<0.001; R2 = 0.833)

Priangan breed:

TDNI (g/kg MBW/d) = 28.2 + 0.860 ADG (g/kg MBW/d)

(N = 26; P<0.001; R2 = 0.829)

Fat-tailed breed:

TDNI (g/kg MBW/d) = 27.5 + 1.22 ADG (g/kg MBW/d)

(N = 9; P = 0.019; R2 = 0.568)

Figure 5. Relationship between crude protein intake (CPI, g/kg MBW/d) and average daily gain

(ADG, g/kg MBW/d) of local (-○-), Priangan (-∆-) and fat-tailed (-□-) sheep breeds.

Local breed:

CPI (g/kg MBW/d) = 6.27 + 0.497 ADG (g/kg MBW/d)

(N = 88; P<0.001; R2 = 0.844)

Priangan breed:

CPI (g/kg MBW/d) = 6.47 + 0.295 ADG (g/kg MBW/d)

(N = 33; P<0.001; R2 = 0.823)

Fat-tailed breed:

CPI (g/kg MBW/d) = 6.33 + 0.336 ADG (g/kg MBW/d)

(N = 16; P<0.001; R2 = 0.851)

F. Apakah akurat?

Salah et al. (2014)

1. Dibandingkan dengan literatur

2. Dibandingkan dengan data real lapangan

- Peternakan domba MT Farm, Bogor- 500 ekor domba, mayoritas domba priangan- BB rata-rata saat awal penggemukan 18 kg- PBB teramati 80-100 g/ekor/hari- Pemberian pakan untuk 500 ekor domba (segar)/hari:

- Daun + batang jagung = 100 kg- Kulit singkong = 125 kg- Ampas tahu = 125 kg- Konsentrat = 100 kg

Bahan BK abu BO PK LK SK BETN TDNDaun+batang jagung 69.0 8 92 6.5 2.3 33 50.2 57.5Kulit singkong 47.2 17.7 82.3 11.2 4.3 6.5 60.3 68Ampas tahu 53.2 10 90 25.6 5.3 14.5 44.6 76Konsentrat 80.3 10 90 9.5 6.5 17.5 56.5 66.5

Kalkulasi: Excel sheetTDN allowable gain = 141 g/ekor/hariPK allowable gain = 50.6 g/ekor/hariKesimpulan: ransum tidak seimbang (↑energi, ↓protein)

Thank you very much for your attention!