Pengetahuan Lingkungan SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION – ENERGI DAN TRANSPORTASI

Referensi

R2. Cunningham, William & Mary Ann. 2011, Principles of

Environmental Science: Inquiry and Applications, 6th ed.,

McGraw-Hill, New York , Chapter.14

Widiantono, Doni J.,Green Transport: Upaya Mewujudkan

Transportasi yang Ramah Lingkungan

Sukarto, Haryono, Transportasi Perkotaan dan Lingkungan,

Jurusan Teknik Sipil - Universitas Pelita Harapan

Berbagai sumber lainnya

There is no energy crisis, there is a crisis of ignorance… There is sufficient resource for human’s needs not human’s greed

World Gain Simulation

Interconnect the electric power network between region and nation with emphasis on local and remote renewable energy resources

The benefits:

1. elevate living standard

2. reduce pollution and climate change

3. stabilize population growth

4. reduce world hunger

5. enhance trade, cooperation, and peace

Types of Energy

Basically energy can be divided into TWO types: Non-Renewable Energy Renewable Energy

Non-Renewable Energy Resources can not be generated once consumed. Example: natural oil & gas, coal, chemical fuel, nuclear fuel,

forests, etc.

Renewable Energy Resources are replenished with time. Example: hydro power, solar/wind/wave energy, vegetable oil,

etc.

Source: G magazine

Source: http://dtwh2.esdm.go.id/dtwh3/mod_pri/main.php

Global Final Energy Consumption 2008

Global Final Energy Consumption 2011

Fossil Fuels Energy

Perkembangan Neraca Listrik Indonesia

Scenario for Low Carbon Emission Development (LCED)

Three scenarios:

business as usual (BAU) for 2020

M1 for end user energy efficiency measures

M2 for combination of end user efficiency measures and supply side efficiency measures (power generation and T&D network).

Source: NCCC & JICA, Low Carbon Emission Development

(LCED) Scenario in Indonesia Energy Sector, 2012

Current condition & Simulation

Source: NCCC & JICA, Low Carbon Emission Development

(LCED) Scenario in Indonesia Energy Sector, 2012

Source: NCCC & JICA, Low Carbon Emission Development

(LCED) Scenario in Indonesia Energy Sector, 2012

Source: NCCC & JICA, Low Carbon Emission Development

(LCED) Scenario in Indonesia Energy Sector, 2012

Source: NCCC & JICA, Low Carbon Emission Development

(LCED) Scenario in Indonesia Energy Sector, 2012

Dampak Pembangunan Tenaga Listrik

Kualitas udara (emisi, ambien, kebisingan)

Kualitas air (ceceran minyak pelumas, limbah)

Aspek sosial, ekonomi, budaya : pembebasan lahan dan pemindahan penduduk

Pada PLTA, kegagalan bendungan (dam break), akan mengakibatkan gelombang banjir (flood surge) yang sangat potensial untuk merusak lingkungan di bagian hilirnya

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Perkembangan Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia

Sumber: G Magazine

TRANSPORTATION

video:

10 Worst Polluting Countries

What are the causes?

Population growth:

Populations in cities are expanding far faster than infrastructure can

possibly grow

Cities that were once compact began to spread over the landscape,

consuming space and wasting resources (urban sprawl)

What are the causes?

people live far from where

they work, shop, or recreate

they consider it essential to

own a private automobile.

the freeway system was

designed to allow drivers to

travel at high speeds without

ever having to stop

Transportation &

Sustainable Transportation

Transportation: the mobility from one place to another using

a certain vehicle, either human-, animal- or motor/machine-

operated.

Sustainable transportation :

“any effort to fulfil the current needs of mobility without

jeopardising the needs of future generation for their

mobility”.

Basic types of transportation

a) Human

b) Stuffs

c) Vehicle

d) Road (infrastructure)

e) (Mobility) Organization

Modes of transportation

a. Land transportation

b. Water transportation

c. Air transportation

Impacts of transportation

to the environment

Land transportation:

- traffic congestion

- traffic accident

- air pollution

- traffic noise

Pollution: air pollution, noise, vibration.

Impacts of transportation

to the environment

Air Pollutant:

CO, NOx, THC (Total Hydro Carbon): transportation

SOx: industrial activities

TSP (Total Suspended Particulate): household/domestic

activities

Pollutant

To reduce air pollutant,

what can we do?

1. Menggalakkan pemakaian sepeda dan mengembangkan sistem

angkutan massal (mass rapid transit system) perkotaan.

2. Mengurangi kendaraan bermotor (mobil)

3. Mengubah mesin kendaraan bermotor

4. Menggunakan bahan bakar alternatif (misalnya: gas, listrik)

yang ramah lingkungan

To reduce the use of cars, what can we do? 1. tidak membangun jalan-jalan baru

2. menaikkan harga bahan bakar secara drastis

3. menyediakan jalur khusus untuk kendaraan umum (bis, taksi) dan

sepeda, khususnya pada jam-jam sibuk/padat lalu lintas

4. mengenakan biaya tol jalan atau jembatan yang lebih tinggi pada

jam-jam sibuk

5. menghapuskan atau mengurangi biaya tol jalan atau jembatan

untuk kendaraan dengan tiga atau lebih penumpang

6. mengenakan pajak untuk tempat-tempat parkir kendaraan

7. meniadakan beberapa tempat parkir di pusat kota

8. melarang kendaraan bermotor pada beberapa jalan atau pada

daerah tertentu

1. Mengubah mesin pembakar dalam (internal combustion

engines), hingga penggunaan bahan bakar berkurang dan

polusinya lebih sedikit.

2. Memakai mesin yang lebih efisien tenaganya, hingga polusi

yang dihasilkan juga lebih sedikit.

3. Mengurangi berat kendaraan dengan memakai lebih banyak

bahan plastik dan logam ringan untuk badan (body)

kendaraan.

To reduce the (vehicle)

emissions, what can we do?

What can we do?

TOD (Transit Oriented Development)

upaya revitalisasi kawasan lama atau kawasan terpadu baru yang

berlokasi pada jalur-jalur transportasi utama seperti jalur KA, busway dll

dengan mengembangkan kawasan berfungsi campuran (mixed-use) antara

fungsi hunian, komersial dan perkantoran.

TDM (Transit Demand Management)

penerapan kebijakan dan strategi transportasi untuk mengurangi penggunaan

kendaraan pribadi dan mendistribusikan beban transportasi yang ada ke dalam

moda transport, lokasi dan waktu berbeda.

Transit Demand Management :

1. Ride-sharing, car pooling, three in one

2. Cheap, fast and conveniet public transport

3. Pedestrian facilities

4. Restricted access to cars (alternating plate number pass)

What can we do?

Sustainable transport

1. Bicycle

2. Electric bicycle

3. Hybrid cars

4. Alternative fuel vehicles

5. Hypercar: lightweight construction using composite

materials, aerodynamics, hybrid fuel system, minimum

accessories

Walking while possible:

e.g. : walking for 400-500 m

mobility.

What makes a city green?

What makes a city green?

What makes a city green?

What makes a city green?

Discussion

Then, what can you do to make your city greener?

Assignment – Group & Individuals

Based on the previous discussion and your

consumption,

Write a plan: what can your group make to have a

more sustainable living?

Write a commitment what YOU can do to make a

more sustainable living

(it is YOU that can change the world, you cannot wait

other people to change the world for you)

Diary Konsumsiku

periode pengisian diary:

THANK YOU