Pengenalan EPengenalan E--CommerceCommerce

DisampaikanDisampaikan oleholeh::

Supriyono,S.KomSupriyono,S.Kom, M.Kom, M.Kom

EE--Business and Business and EE--CommerceCommerceEE--CommerceCommerce

Processes

•Marketing

•Sales

•Payment

•Fulfillment

Institutions

•Government

•Merchants

•Manufacturers

•SuppliersEC

•Support•Consumers

Networks

•Intranet

•Extranet

•Internet

Kosiur, 1997

Overview of eOverview of e--commercecommerce

�� Electronic commerce (eElectronic commerce (e--commerce, commerce, EC):EC): Proces pembelian, penjualan, Proces pembelian, penjualan, pertukaran produk, jasa atau pertukaran produk, jasa atau pertukaran produk, jasa atau pertukaran produk, jasa atau informasi menggunakan jaringan informasi menggunakan jaringan komputer, termasuk juga komputer, termasuk juga pemanfaatan teknologi internet.pemanfaatan teknologi internet.

Overview of EOverview of E--businessbusiness

�� EE--business:business: Definisi lebih luas dari EDefinisi lebih luas dari E--commerce ditambahkan unsur pelayanan commerce ditambahkan unsur pelayanan pada konsumen, menjaga hubungan baik pada konsumen, menjaga hubungan baik pada konsumen, menjaga hubungan baik pada konsumen, menjaga hubungan baik dengan rekanan bisnis, melakukan dengan rekanan bisnis, melakukan transaksi diantara perusahaan, transaksi diantara perusahaan, keseluruhan proses dilakukan dengan keseluruhan proses dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan media elektronik/internet.memanfaatkan media elektronik/internet.

Overview (Continued)Overview (Continued)

�� Pure vs. Partial ECPure vs. Partial EC tergantung pada the tergantung pada the degree of digitization involveddegree of digitization involved..

�� The product can be physical or digital;The product can be physical or digital;�� The product can be physical or digital;The product can be physical or digital;

�� The process can be physical or digital;The process can be physical or digital;

�� The delivery agent can be physical or digital.The delivery agent can be physical or digital.

�� BrickBrick--andand--mortar organizationsmortar organizations are are purely physical organizations.purely physical organizations.

Overview (Continued)Overview (Continued)

�� Virtual organizationsVirtual organizations are companies that are are companies that are engaged only in engaged only in ECEC. i.e. . i.e. pure ECpure EC(Perusahaan yang bergerak total menggunakan sistem (Perusahaan yang bergerak total menggunakan sistem EC)EC)

ClickClick--andand--mortar organizationsmortar organizations are those are those �� ClickClick--andand--mortar organizationsmortar organizations are those are those that conduct some ethat conduct some e--commerce activities, yet commerce activities, yet their business is primarily done in the physical their business is primarily done in the physical world. i.e. world. i.e. partial ECpartial EC(Perusahaan yang bergerak sebagian menggunakan (Perusahaan yang bergerak sebagian menggunakan sistem EC kemudian deal transaksi dilakukan pada sistem EC kemudian deal transaksi dilakukan pada dunia nyata)dunia nyata)

Types of ETypes of E--CommerceCommerce

��BusinessBusiness--toto--Consumers (B2C)Consumers (B2C)

��BusinessBusiness--toto--Business (B2B)Business (B2B)

Types of EC (Applications)Types of EC (Applications)

• I-Market (B2B/B2C: Transaksi

elektronik dgn media Internet)

• Vendor Management (B2B: Supplier-

companies)companies)

• Extented Supply Chain (B2B:

Pelayanan extra pada rekanan bisnis)

• Customer Care (B2C: FAQ: frequenly

asked questions, toll free, real time

chatting, customer info changes, etc)

Benefits of EBenefits of E--CommerceCommerce

�� Benefits to organizationsBenefits to organizations�� Makes national and international markets more Makes national and international markets more accessible accessible (daya jangkau nasional & InternasionaL(daya jangkau nasional & InternasionaL

�� Lowering costs of processing, distributing, and Lowering costs of processing, distributing, and �� Lowering costs of processing, distributing, and Lowering costs of processing, distributing, and retrieving information retrieving information (Rendah biaya proses, (Rendah biaya proses, pengiriman dan mencarian informasi)pengiriman dan mencarian informasi)

�� Benefits to customers Benefits to customers �� Access a vast number of products and services Access a vast number of products and services around the clock around the clock –– 24/7 (24 hours/7 days) 24/7 (24 hours/7 days) (akses (akses tanpa batas waktu/tiap saat/kapan saja)tanpa batas waktu/tiap saat/kapan saja)

Benefits EBenefits E--Commerce (Continued)Commerce (Continued)

�� Benefits to SocietyBenefits to Society�� Ability top easily and conveniently deliver Ability top easily and conveniently deliver information, services and products to people information, services and products to people in cities, rural areas and developing countries.in cities, rural areas and developing countries.in cities, rural areas and developing countries.in cities, rural areas and developing countries.

(Kemudahan dalam pengiriman informasi, (Kemudahan dalam pengiriman informasi, barang dan jasa kepada masyarakat baik di barang dan jasa kepada masyarakat baik di perkotaan, pedesaan, termasuk juga pada perkotaan, pedesaan, termasuk juga pada negara ketiga)negara ketiga)

Limitations of ELimitations of E--CommerceCommerce

�� Technological LimitationsTechnological Limitations

�� Lack of universally accepted security standardsLack of universally accepted security standards

�� Insufficient telecommunications Insufficient telecommunications bandwidthbandwidth

�� Expensive accessibilityExpensive accessibility

�� NonNon--technological Limitationstechnological Limitations

�� Perception that EC is Perception that EC is unun--securesecure

�� Unresolved legal issuesUnresolved legal issues

�� Lacks a critical mass of sellers and buyersLacks a critical mass of sellers and buyers

B2CB2CElectronic CommerceElectronic Commerce

�� Electronic StorefrontElectronic Storefront has its own URL at has its own URL at which buyers can place orders.which buyers can place orders.

�� Electronic MallsElectronic Malls (Cybermall or e(Cybermall or e--mall) is a mall) is a �� Electronic MallsElectronic Malls (Cybermall or e(Cybermall or e--mall) is a mall) is a collection of individual shops under one Internet collection of individual shops under one Internet address.address.�� Referral mallsReferral malls in which you are transferred to a in which you are transferred to a participating storefrontparticipating storefront

�� Electronic shopping cartElectronic shopping cart enables you to gather items enables you to gather items from various vendors and pay for them in one from various vendors and pay for them in one transaction.transaction.

Online Service IndustriesOnline Service Industries

�� Cyberbanking (electronic banking)Cyberbanking (electronic banking)conducting various banking activities outside of conducting various banking activities outside of a physical banking location.a physical banking location.

Online Securities Trading Online Securities Trading uses computers to uses computers to �� Online Securities Trading Online Securities Trading uses computers to uses computers to trade stocks, bonds and other financial trade stocks, bonds and other financial instruments.instruments.

�� Online Job MarketOnline Job Market advertises available advertises available positions, accept resumes and takes applications positions, accept resumes and takes applications via the Internet.via the Internet.

Online Service Industries Online Service Industries (Continued)(Continued)

�� Travel ServicesTravel Services plan, explore and arrange plan, explore and arrange almost any trip economically over the Internet.almost any trip economically over the Internet.

�� Real EstateReal Estate view, sort and organize properties view, sort and organize properties according to your preferences and decision according to your preferences and decision according to your preferences and decision according to your preferences and decision criteria.criteria.

�� Really Simple SyndicationReally Simple Syndication (RSS) information (RSS) information that you request, called a feed, comes to you that you request, called a feed, comes to you daily through a piece of software called a daily through a piece of software called a newsreader. newsreader.

Issues in EIssues in E--tailingtailing

�� Channel conflictChannel conflict with regular distributors is with regular distributors is faced by clickfaced by click--andand--mortar companies when they mortar companies when they sell directly to customers online.sell directly to customers online.

MultichannelingMultichanneling is a process that integrates a is a process that integrates a �� MultichannelingMultichanneling is a process that integrates a is a process that integrates a companies online and offline channels.companies online and offline channels.

�� Order fulfillmentOrder fulfillment includes not only providing includes not only providing customers with what they ordered and doing it customers with what they ordered and doing it on time, but also providing all related customer on time, but also providing all related customer service.service.

Online AdvertisingOnline Advertising

�� AdvertisingAdvertising is an attempt to disseminate is an attempt to disseminate information in order to influence a buyerinformation in order to influence a buyer--seller seller transaction.transaction.

Advertising methodsAdvertising methods�� Advertising methodsAdvertising methods

�� BannersBanners are simply electronic billboards.are simply electronic billboards.

�� PopPop--up adup ad appears in front of the current browser appears in front of the current browser window.window.

�� PopPop--under adunder ad appears underneath the active appears underneath the active window.window.

Online Advertising (Continued)Online Advertising (Continued)

�� EE--mailmail is when Marketers develop or is when Marketers develop or purchase a list of epurchase a list of e--mail addresses and mail addresses and send advertisements via esend advertisements via e--mail.mail.send advertisements via esend advertisements via e--mail.mail.

�� SpammingSpamming is the indiscriminate is the indiscriminate distribution of electronic ads without the distribution of electronic ads without the permission of the receiver.permission of the receiver.

Online Advertising (Continued)Online Advertising (Continued)

��Permission marketingPermission marketing asks asks consumers to give their consumers to give their permission to voluntarily accept permission to voluntarily accept permission to voluntarily accept permission to voluntarily accept online advertising and eonline advertising and e--mail.mail.

��Viral marketingViral marketing refers to online refers to online “word“word--ofof--mouth” marketing. mouth” marketing.

B2B B2B Electronic CommerceElectronic Commerce

�� SellSell--side marketplacesside marketplaces are where are where organizations attempt to sell their products or organizations attempt to sell their products or services to other organizations electronically services to other organizations electronically services to other organizations electronically services to other organizations electronically from their own private efrom their own private e--marketplace.marketplace.

�� BuyBuy--side marketplacesside marketplaces are where are where organizations attempt to buy needed products or organizations attempt to buy needed products or services from other organizations electronically.services from other organizations electronically.

B2B Electronic Commerce B2B Electronic Commerce (Continued)(Continued)

�� EE--ProcurementProcurement is using electronic is using electronic support to purchase goods and materials, support to purchase goods and materials, sourcing, negotiating with suppliers, sourcing, negotiating with suppliers, sourcing, negotiating with suppliers, sourcing, negotiating with suppliers, paying for goods and making delivery paying for goods and making delivery arrangements.arrangements.

�� Group purchasing Group purchasing is when the orders of is when the orders of many buyers are combined so that they many buyers are combined so that they constitute a large volume.constitute a large volume.

Electronic ExchangesElectronic Exchanges

�� Many buyers and sellers; open to all business Many buyers and sellers; open to all business organizations; exchanges are for both organizations; exchanges are for both indirect indirect materials materials and and direct materials.direct materials.

Vertical exchanges Vertical exchanges connects buyers and connects buyers and �� Vertical exchanges Vertical exchanges connects buyers and connects buyers and sellers in a given industry.sellers in a given industry.

�� Horizontal exchangesHorizontal exchanges connect buyers and connect buyers and sellers across many industries and are used sellers across many industries and are used mainly for MRO materials.mainly for MRO materials.

Electronic Exchanges (Continued)Electronic Exchanges (Continued)

�� Functional exchangesFunctional exchanges are where are where needed services such as temporary help or needed services such as temporary help or extra office space are traded on an “asextra office space are traded on an “as--extra office space are traded on an “asextra office space are traded on an “as--needed” basis.needed” basis.

�� Electronic hubsElectronic hubs are used to facilitate are used to facilitate communications and coordination among communications and coordination among business partners, frequently along the business partners, frequently along the supply chain.supply chain.

Electronic PaymentsElectronic Payments

�� Electronic payment systemsElectronic payment systems enable you to enable you to pay for goods and services electronically.pay for goods and services electronically.

�� Electronic checksElectronic checks ((ee--checkschecks) are similar to ) are similar to paper checks and are used mostly in B2B.paper checks and are used mostly in B2B.paper checks and are used mostly in B2B.paper checks and are used mostly in B2B.

�� Electronic credit cardsElectronic credit cards allow customers to allow customers to charge online payments to their credit card charge online payments to their credit card account.account.

Electronic Payments (Continued)Electronic Payments (Continued)

�� Purchasing cardsPurchasing cards are the B2B equivalent of are the B2B equivalent of electronic credit cards and are typically used for electronic credit cards and are typically used for unplanned B2B purchases.unplanned B2B purchases.

�� Electronic cashElectronic cash�� Electronic cashElectronic cash�� StoredStored--value money cardsvalue money cards allow you to store a allow you to store a fixed amount of prepaid money and then spend it as fixed amount of prepaid money and then spend it as necessary.necessary.

�� Smart cardsSmart cards contain a chip called a microprocessor contain a chip called a microprocessor that can store a considerable amount of information that can store a considerable amount of information and are multipurpose and are multipurpose –– can be used as a debit card, can be used as a debit card, credit card or a storedcredit card or a stored--value money card.value money card.

Electronic Payments (Continued)Electronic Payments (Continued)

�� PersonPerson--toto--person paymentsperson payments are a form are a form of eof e--cash that enables two individuals or cash that enables two individuals or an individual and a business to transfer an individual and a business to transfer an individual and a business to transfer an individual and a business to transfer funds without using a credit card.funds without using a credit card.

Ethical and Legal IssuesEthical and Legal Issues

�� Ethical IssuesEthical Issues

�� PrivacyPrivacy

�� Stored and transferred personal informationStored and transferred personal information

�� Tracking (i.e. cookies) Ethical IssuesTracking (i.e. cookies) Ethical Issues

�� DisintermediationDisintermediation

�� ValueValue--added services that require expertiseadded services that require expertise

�� Job lossJob loss

Legal Issues Specific to ELegal Issues Specific to E--commercecommerce

�� Fraud on the InternetFraud on the Internet i.e. stocks, i.e. stocks, investments, business opportunities, auctions.investments, business opportunities, auctions.

�� Domain Names Domain Names problems with competition.problems with competition.

�� CybersquattingCybersquatting refers to the practice of refers to the practice of registering domain names solely for the purpose registering domain names solely for the purpose of selling them later at a higher price.of selling them later at a higher price.

Legal Issues Specific to ELegal Issues Specific to E--commerce (Continued)commerce (Continued)

�� Taxes and other FeesTaxes and other Fees when and where when and where (and in some cases whether) electronic (and in some cases whether) electronic sellers should pay business license taxes, sellers should pay business license taxes, sellers should pay business license taxes, sellers should pay business license taxes, franchise fees, grossfranchise fees, gross--receipts taxes, excise receipts taxes, excise taxes, …etc.taxes, …etc.

�� Copyright Copyright protecting intellectual property protecting intellectual property in ein e--commerce and enforcing copyright commerce and enforcing copyright laws is extremely difficult.laws is extremely difficult.

DiskusiDiskusi

�� Coba amati, situs toko online Coba amati, situs toko online http://www.amazon.comhttp://www.amazon.com�� Produk apa saja yang ditawarkan oleh amazon?Produk apa saja yang ditawarkan oleh amazon?

�� Termasuk type apakah amazon.com?Termasuk type apakah amazon.com?

�� Advertising methodsAdvertising methods�� Apa yang dimaksud dengan “Banners”?Apa yang dimaksud dengan “Banners”?�� Apa yang dimaksud dengan “Banners”?Apa yang dimaksud dengan “Banners”?

�� Apa yang dimaksud dengan “PopApa yang dimaksud dengan “Pop--up ad”?up ad”?

�� Apa yang dimaksud dengan “PopApa yang dimaksud dengan “Pop--under”under”

�� Apakah yang dimaksud dengan Refferal?Apakah yang dimaksud dengan Refferal?

�� Apakah yang dimaksud dengan Publiser?Apakah yang dimaksud dengan Publiser?

�� Apakah yang dimaksud dengan Advertiser?Apakah yang dimaksud dengan Advertiser?