Pengaruh Waktu Inkubasi dan Dosis Ozon pada Disinfeksi Hama Bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae...

7/23/2019 Pengaruh Waktu Inkubasi dan Dosis Ozon pada Disinfeksi Hama Bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae dengan

1/83

SL@_C[T@QNT @LAHLCT@N

VCLEN[SJ UNGQS @LGSKNT@ ANL AHT@T HRHL VNAN

A@T@LOCGT@ JNMN KNGQC[@Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc

ACLENL GHMK@LNT@ V[HTCT HRHLNT@ ANL NATH[VT@

ACLENL RCHI@Q NINM

TG[@VT@

LNAJ@IN NLANL@T RNOJ@[N

6:6?4>?656

ACVN[QCMCL QCGL@G G@M@N

ONGSIQNT QCGL@G SL@_C[T@QNT @LAHLCT@N

ACVHG

BSL@ ;6>;


2/83

JNINMNL BSASI

SL@_C[T@QNT @LAHLCT@N

VCLEN[SJ UNGQS @LGSKNT@ ANL AHT@T HRHL VNAN

A@T@LOCGT@ JNMN KNGQC[@Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc

ACLENL GHMK@LNT@ V[HTCT HRHLNT@ ANL NATH[VT@ACLENL RCHI@Q NINM

TG[@VT@

A`nbsgnl tcknen` tninj tnqs tpn{nq slqsg mcmvc{hicj ecin{ Tn{bnln Qcgl`g

LNAJ@IN NLANL@T RNOJ@[N

6:6?4>?656

ACVN[QCMCL QCGL@G G@M@N

ONGSIQNT QCGL@G SL@_C[T@QNT @LAHLCT@N

ACVHG

BSL@ ;6>;


3/83

``

Sl`vc{t`qnt @lahlct`n

JNINMNL VC[LPNQNNL H[@T@LNI@QNT

Tg{`vt` `l` naninj jnt`i gn{pn tnpn tcla`{`

anl tcmsn tsmkc{ kn`g pnle a`gsq`v mnsvsl a`{sbsg

qcinj tnpn lpnqngnl aclenl kcln{,

Lnmn 2 Lnaj`in Nlanl`t Rnoj`{n

LVM 2 6:6?4>?656

Qnlan Qnlenl 2

Qnleeni 2 ;5 Bsl` ;6>;


4/83

```


JNINMNL VCLECTNJNL

Tg{`vt` `l` a`nbsgnl hicj 2

Lnmn 2 Lnajìn Nlanl`t Rnoj`{nLVM 2 6:6?4>?656V{he{nm Tqsa` 2 Qcgl`g G`m`nBsasi Tg{`vt` 2 Vclen{sj Ungqs @lgsknt` anl Aht`t Hrhl vnan

A`t`locgt` Jnmn Kngqc{`Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v,h{prnc aclenl Ghmk`lnt` V{htct Hrhlnt` anl Nath{vtàclenl Rchi`q Ninm

Qcinj kc{jntì a`vc{qnjnlgnl a` jnanvnl Acunl Vclesb` anl a`qc{`mn

tcknen` kne`nl vc{tpn{nqnl pnle a`vc{isgnl slqsg mcmvc{hicj ecin{

Tn{bnln Qcgl`g vnan V{he{nm Tqsa` Qcgl`g G`m`n Ongsiqnt Qcgl`g

Sl`c{t`qnt @lahlct`n

ACUNL VCLESB@

Vcmk`mk`le 2 @{, Cn Onqjsi Gn{nmnj M,Q, * )

Vclesb` 2 V{ho, @{, Tsq{ntlh Gn{qhjn{abhlh M,Td Vj,A, * )

Vclesb` 2 A{, @le, Ahll` Na`lnqn T,Q, M,Cle,Td, * )

Vclesb` 2 V{ho, A{, @{, Tinmcq M,Q, * )

A`qcqnvgnl a` 2 Acvhg

Qnleeni 2 ;5 Bsl` ;6>;


5/83

`v


GNQN VCLENLQN[

Nijnmasiìinj tcenin vsb` anl tpsgs{ kne` Niinj TUQ gn{cln nqnt

[njmnq anl gn{sl`n-Lpn vclsi`t anvnq mclpcictn`gnl tg{`vt` aclenl bsasi

Vclen{sj Ungqs @lgsknt` anl Aht`t Hrhl vnan A`t`locgt` Jnmn Kngqc{`

Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc aclenl Ghmk`lnt` V{htct Hrhlnt` anl

Nath{vt` aclenl Rchi`q Ninm `l` qcvnq vnan ungqslpn, Vclsi`tnl mngninj

tg{`vt` `l` aìngsgnl slqsg mcmclsj` tninj tnqs tpn{nq slqsg mcldnvn` ecin{

Tn{bnln Qcgl`g vnan Acvn{qcmcl Qcgl`g G`m`n Ongsiqnt Qcgl`g Sl`c{t`qnt

@lahlct`n, Vclsi`t mclpnan{` knjun qnlvn knlqsnl anl k`mk`lenl an{` kc{knen`

v`jng tnlenqinj tsi`q kne` vclsi`t slqsg mclpcictn`gnl tg{`vt` `l`, Hicj gn{cln

`qs vclsi`t mclesdnvgnl qc{`mn gnt`j gcvnan2

*>) Gcisn{en gjststlpn Npnj anl Kslan pnle tcinis mcmkc{` asgslenl mh{nimnsvsl mnqc{`ì slqsg mclpcictn`gnl tqsa` anl vclci`q`nl `l`7

*;) @{, Cn Onqjsi Gn{nmnj M,Q, tcings ahtcl vcmk`mk`le pnle qcinjmclpca`ngnl ungqs qclnen anl v`g`{nl slqsg mclen{njgnl vclsi`t aninm

vclpstslnl tg{`vt` `l` tcmhen @ks anl gcisn{en tcinis aninm [njmnq anl

I`laslenl-Lpn7

*4) A{, A{t, U`khuh Mnleslun{ahph M,Td, an{` Acvn{qcmcl K`hihe` OM@VNS@anl A{, Qnl`n Ts{pn Sqnm` T,Q, M,Q, pnle qcinj mcisnlegnl ungqs slqsg

a`tgst` vclci`q`nl qc{gn`q kngqc{`7

*1) Vn{n ahtcl Acvn{qcmcl Qcgl`g G`m`n OQS@ pnle qcinj mcmkc{`gnl ìms anlununtnl pnle kc{jn{en tcinmn vc{gsi`njnl7

*3) Gng T{` A`nj Jnlanpnl` an{` Inkh{nqh{`sm M`g{hk`hihe` - Qcgl`g Vclpcjnqnl/ I`legslenl Acvn{qcmcl Qcgl`g T`vì OQS@ pnle qcinj kc{tca`n mcmknlqs

anl knlpng a`{cvhqgnl aninm vclnlenlnl anl nlni`tn tnmvci kngqc{`7

*?) Tceclnv gn{pnunl Acvn{qcmcl Qcgl`g G`m`n7 Mnt Cgh Mnle @bni GnleBnbnq Mnt Qnso`g Mnt Jc{` Mnt T{` Mnt [`lnl Mnt Msecl` Mnt A`g` anl

gjststlpn Mkng Qù` anl Gng @st nqnt knlqsnllpn tcinmn `l`7

*5) Mc{{p A`vh @la`gn [`n anl N{`h tcknen` vn{qlc{ kc{kne` tsgn-asgn a` ink,M`g{hk`hihe`7


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*:) Ocmmp L`lapn O`rn Hqn anl Inì` pnle qcinj kc{kne` {coc{clt` anl tni`lekc{qsgn{ ununtnl tc{qn `loh{mnt`7

*0) Qcmnl-qcmnl tcvc{bsnlenl7 Nac Q`n Tjhon Act` Anl` @la{` @{n Onq`mnGng Msqj`n kctc{qn qcmnl-qcmnl anl vn{n tcl`h{ pnle qàng anvnq a`tcksqgnl

tnqs vc{ tnqs nqnt gckc{tnmnnl tcmnlenq anl gc{bntnmnlpn tcinmn 1 qnjsl

`l`7

*>6)Tcmsn v`jng pnle qcinj mcmknlqs vclpstslnl mngninj tg{`vt` `l` tcdn{ninletsle mnsvsl qàng inletsle7

Ngj`{ gnqn bnrngsmsiinj gjn`{nl gnqt`{nl tcmhen Niinj TUQ

mcmkc{`gnl knintnl pnle ick`j kn`g nqnt tcenin gckn`gnl tcmsn v`jng pnle qcinjmcmknlqs, Vclsi`t mclpnan{` knjun aninm mngninj tg{`vt` `l` mnt`j qc{anvnq

knlpng gcgs{nlenl, Slqsg `qs vclsi`t mhjhl mnno nqnt tcenin gctninjnl anl

gcgs{nlenl tcmhen anvnq a`vc{kn`g` anl a`tcmvs{lngnl hicj vclci`q`nl pnle

mcinlbsqgnllpn, Tcmhen qsi`tnl `l` anvnq kc{mnlonnq kne` vcmkndn anl kne`

vc{gcmknlenl asl`n vclaà`gnl anl ìms vclecqnjsnl,

Acvhg ;5 Bsl` ;6>;

Vclsi`t


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v`


JNINMNL VC[LPNQNNL VC[TCQSBSNL VSKI@GNT@

QSENT NGJ@[ SLQSG GCVCLQ@LENL NGNACM@T

Tcknen` t``qnt ngnacm`g Sl`c{t`qnt @lahlct`n tnpn pnle kc{qnlan qnlenl a`knunj `l`2


LVM 2 6:6?4>?656

V{he{nm Tqsa` 2 Qcgl`g G`m`n

Acvn{qcmcl 2 Qcgl`g G`m`n

Ongsiqnt 2 Qcgl`g

Bcl`t Gn{pn 2 Tg{`vt`

acm` vclecmknlenl ìms vclecqnjsnl mclpcqsbs` slqsg mcmkc{`gnl gcvnan

Sl`c{t`qnt @lahlct`n Jng Kcknt [hpniq` Lhlcgtistò *Lhl-czdist`c [hpniqp-

O{cc [èjq) nqnt gn{pn ìm`nj tnpn pnle kc{bsasi 2

Vclen{sj Ungqs @lgsknt` anl Aht`t Hrhl vnan A`t`locgt` Jnmn Kngqc{`

Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc aclenl Ghmk`lnt` V{htct Hrhlnt` anl

Nath{vt` aclenl Rchi`q Ninm

kctc{qn vc{nlegnq pnle nan *b`gn a`vc{isgnl), Aclenl Jng Kcknt [hpniq`

Lhlcgtistò `l` Sl`c{t`qnt @lahlct`n kc{jng mclp`mvnl mcleni`jmca`n(oh{mnq-

gnl mclecihin aninm kclqsg vnlegninl anqn *anqnkntc) mc{nunq anl

mcmski`gnt`gnl qsent ngj`{ tnpn tcinmn qcqnv mcldnlqsmgnl lnmn tnpn tcknen`

vclsi`t(vcld`vqn anl tcknen` vcmì`g Jng D`vqn,

Acm`g`nl vc{lpnqnnl `l` tnpn ksnq aclenl tckcln{lpn,

A`ksnq a` 2 Acvhg

Vnan qnleeni 2 ;5 Bsl` ;6>;

Pnle mclpnqngnl

*Lnajìn Nlanl`t Rnoj`{n)


8/83

v``


NKTQ[NG


V{he{nm Tqsa` 2 Qcgl`g G`m`n

Bsasi Vclci`q`nl 2 Vclen{sj Ungqs @lgsknt` anl Aht`t Hrhl vnanA`t`locgt` Jnmn Kngqc{`Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prncaclenl Ghmk`lnt` V{htct Hrhlnt` anl Nath{vt` aclenlRchi`q Ninm

Vcleeslnnl rchi`q tcknen` ghltclq{nqh{ nath{vqò aninm v{htct hrhlnt` qcinjqc{ksgq` mcl`legnqgnl cocgq``qnt ace{nant` vhisqnl h{enl`g aclenl tèlò`gnl,

Lnmsl vcleeslnnl rchi`q vnan v{htct hrhlnt` qc{tcksq kcism a`n{njgnl slqsga`t`locgt` kngqc{`, Vclci`q`nl `l` mcldhkn mcl`legnqgnl cocgq``qnt a`t`locgtàclenl mcmn{`nt`gnl aht`t hrhl anl ungqs `lgsknt` kngqc{` vnan rchi`q slqsgmcl`legnqgnl ghlqng nlqn{n hrhl rchi`q anl kngqc{`, Kngqc{`Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc

v, h{prnc pnle mclpcknkgnl vclpng`q G{ctcg vnan qnlnmnl vna` a``lgsknt`gnlvnan rchi`q tcinmn > ; >; anl ;1 bnm inis aà`t`locgt` aclenl hrhl, Jntìlpnmclslbsggnl knjun q`legnq a`t`locgt` tcdn{n gctcis{sjnl mcldnvn` jnmv`{ >66#lnmsl tcmng`l inmn ungqs `lgsknt` q`legnq a`t`locgt` dclac{sle ick`j {clanj,Vnan n{`nt` aht`t hrhl aclenl n{`nt` inbs ni`{ smvnl hrhlnqh{ vcl`legnqnl inbsni`{ mclpcknkgnl vcl`legnqnl q`legnq a`t`locgt` ngj`{ lnmsl inbs a`t`locgt`dclac{sle ick`j {clanj vnan t`tqcm ghmk`lnt` hrhl-rchi`q a`knla`legnl t`tqcm

qnlvn rchi`q,

Gnqn gsld`2Hrhl rchi`q a`t`locgt` Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc G{ctcg ( Jnun{ AnslKngqc{`


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NKTQ[NDQ

Lnmc 2 Lnajìn Nlanl`t Rnoj`{n

Tqsap V{he{nm 2 Djcm`dni Cle`lcc{`le

Q`qic 2 Coocdqt ho @ldsknq`hl Vc{`ha nla Hrhlc Ahtct hlA`t`locdq`hl hoZnlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v,h{prnc Kndqc{`nSt`le Dhmk`lnq`hl ho Hrhlnq`hl V{hdctt nla Nath{vq`hlu`qj Lnqs{ni Rchi`qc

Qjc stc ho rchi`qc nt nath{vq`c dhldclq{nqh{ `l hrhlnq`hl v{hdctt jnt kccl v{hclqh `mv{hc qjc coocdq``qp ho h{enl`d dhmvhslat ace{nanq`hl, Jhucc{ qj`tdhmk`lnq`hl ho hrhlc-rchi`qc tptqcm jnt lhq pcq kccl sqì`rca qh a`t`locdq

m`d{hh{enl`tmt ctvcd`niip kndqc{`n, Qjc n`m ho qj`t czvc{`mclq unt qh `mv{hcqjc coocdq``qp ho kndqc{`n a`t`locdq`hl kp st`le n{`nq`hlt ho hrhlc ahtct nla`ldsknq`hl q`mc ho kndqc{`n hl rchi`qc qh `mv{hc dhlqndq kcquccl hrhlc nlakndqc{`n, Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc qjc kndqc{`n qjnq dnstct G{ctcg a`tcntchl {`dc vinlq unt `mmhkì`rca hl rchi`qc u`qj > ; >; nla ;1 j `ldsknq`hl q`mcv{`h{ qh a`t`locdq`hl kp hrhlc, [ctsiqt tjhuca qjnq hc{nii icci ho a`t`locdq`hl{cndjct lcn{ip >66# jhucc{ qjc {nqc ho a`t`locdq`hl qclat qh kc ihuc{ `l ihlec{`ldsknq`hl vc{`ha, @l hrhlc ahtct n{`nq`hl *kntca hl hrhlnqh{ `licq oihu{nqc) qjcqhqni a`t`locdq`hl icci `ld{cntct `l jèjc{ oihu{nqc ksq qjc {nqc ho a`t`locdq`hlqclat qh kc ihuc{ `l qjc hrhlc-rchi`qc dhmk`lca tptqcm dhmvn{ca qh qjc tptqcmu`qjhsq rchi`qc,

Gcpuh{at2Hrhlc rchi`qc a`t`locdq`hl Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc G{ctcg ( Kndqc{`niIcno Kièjq


10/83

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ANOQN[ @T@

JNINMNL BSASI ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

JNINMNL VC[LPNQNNL H[@T@LNI@QNT ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, `JNINMNL VCLECTNJNL ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ``GNQN VCLENLQN[ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, JNINMNL VC[LPNQNNL VC[TCQSBSNL VSKI@GNT@ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, `QSENT NGJ@[ SLQSG GCVCLQ@LENL NGNACM@T ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, `NKTQ[NG ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ``NKTQ[NDQ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ``ÀNOQN[ @T@ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, zANOQN[ ENMKN[ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, zÀNOQN[ QNKCI ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, z``

>, VCLANJSISNL,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >>,>, Inqn{ Kcingnle Mntninj ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >>,;, Vc{smstnl Mntninj ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1>,4, Qsbsnl Vclci`q`nl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1>,1, Knqntnl Mntninj ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1>,3, T`tqcmnq`gn Vclsi`tnl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3

;, Q@LBNSNL VSTQNGN ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5;,>, Aìcmn Vnlenl Kc{nt a` @lahlct`n ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5;,;, Kngqc{`Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :

;,4,>, Gintò`gnt` anl Mh{ohihe` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0;,4,;, Ntni anl A`tq{`kst` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >6;,4,4, Vclpng`q G{ctcg(Jnun{ Ansl Kngqc{` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >6;,4,1, [cv{hasgt` anl Vclpckn{nl @locgt` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >>

;,4, Hrhl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >;;,4,>, Tònq O`t`g anl G`m`n Hrhl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >4;,4,;, Mnlonnq Hrhl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >1;,4,4, Hrhl slqsg A`t`locgt` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >3

;,1, Rchi`q Ninm ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >:;,1,>, Tq{sgqs{ Rchi`q ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >0;,1,;, Tònq Rchi`q ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;6

;,1,4, Gcmnmvsnl Rchi`q Mclenath{vt` Kngqc{` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;>;,1,1, Rchi`q Ninm Inmvsle ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;4;,3, G`lc{bn Hrhl aclenl Rchi`q ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;1;,?, Nlni`t`t Cocgq``qnt A`t`locgt` Kngqc{` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;3

4, MCQHAC VCLCI@Q@NL ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;5

4,>, A`ne{nm Ni`{ Vclci`q`nl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;54,;, Tgcmn Ninq Vclci`q`nl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;04,4, _n{`nkci Aninm Vclci`q`nl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 46

4,4,>, _n{`nkci Kcknt ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 464,4,;, _n{`nkci Ghlq{hi ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 46

4,4,4, _n{`nkci Qc{`gnq ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 464,1, Ninq anl Knjnl Vclci`q`nl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 46


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4,1,>, Ninq ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 464,1,;, Knjnl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4>

4,3, Qnjnv Gsiqs{ Kngqc{` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4;4,3,>, V{htcas{ Gsiqs{ Kngqc{` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4;

4,?, Qnjnv V{cvn{nt` Rchi`q Ninm ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 444,?,>, V{htcas{ V{c-q{cnqmclqRchi`q ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 44

4,5, V{htct A`t`locgt` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414,5,>, V{cvn{nt` Knjnl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414,5,;, V{htcas{ Vclci`q`nl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 434,5,4, Nlni`t`t Tnmvci ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 45

1, JNT@I ANL VCMKNJNTNL ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 161,>, Nlni`t`t V{hasgq``qnt Hrhlnqh{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 161,;, Gn{ngqc{`tnt` Rchi`q Ninm Inmvsle aclenl KCQ Nsqhth{k ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1;

1,4, Vclen{sj Ungqs @lgsknt` Kngqc{` vnan Rchi`q qc{jnanv G`lc{bn Hrhlnt`slqsg A`t`locgt` Kngqc{` Zhh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 131,1, Vclen{sj Aht`t Hrhl qc{jnanv G`lc{bn Ghmk`lnt` Hrhl anl Rchi`q slqsgA`t`locgt` Kngqc{` Zhh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3>

3, GCT@MVSINL ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 35

3,>, Gct`mvsinl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 353,;, Tn{nl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3:

ANOQN[ VSTQNGN ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30

INMV@[NL ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?;Inmv`{nl >, Vclesgs{nl Gnan{ Hrhl aclenl Mcqhac @hahmcq{` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?;Inmv`{nl ;, Gn{ngqc{`tq`g Rchi`q Ninm Inmvsle Tckcism V{cvn{nt` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?4Inmv`{nl 4, Gn{ngqc{`tq`g Rchi`q Ninm Inmvsle Tcqcinj V{cvn{nt` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?3Inmv`{nl 1, Anqn Jntì A`t`locgt` Kngqc{` Zhh vnan _n{`nt` Ungqs @lgsknt` , ?5Inmv`{nl 3, Anqn Jntì A`t`locgt` Kngqc{` Zhh Aclenl Rchi`q @lgsknt` ; Bnmvnan _n{`nt` Aht`t Hrhl Kc{knt`t Inbs Ni`{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?0Inmv`{nl ?, Anqn Jntì A`t`locgt` Kngqc{` Zhh Qnlvn Rchi`q vnan _n{`nt` Aht`tHrhl Kc{knt`t Inbs Ni`{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 56


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z`


ANOQN[ ENMKN[

Enmkn{ ;, > *n) Ohqh M`g{htghv Cicgq{hlZnlqjhmhlnt *46,666 Z), *k) Ghihl`Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc Vnan Mca`n Nen{, 0Enmkn{ ;, ;, Qnlnmnl Vna` Pnle Qc{tc{nle Jnun{ Ansl Kngqc{` >>Enmkn{ ;, 4, Tq{sgqs{ [cthlnlt` Mhicgsi Hrhl >4Enmkn{ ;, 1, Mcgnl`tmc Vclejnlds{nl Tci Kngqc{` Hicj Hrhl >5Enmkn{ ;, 3, Qcq{njca{n Nism`ln Anl T`i`gn *QH1) Vnan Tq{sgqs{ Rchi`q >:Enmkn{ ;, ?, Sl`q Vclpstsl V{`mc{ >0Enmkn{ ;, 5, Sl`q Vclpstsl Tcgslac{ ;6Enmkn{ ;, :, Enmkn{nl TCM Kckc{nvn Kngqc{` Pnle Qc{nath{vt` Vnan Rchi`q ;4Enmkn{ ;, 0, Tq{sgqs{ Tqc{chq`v Gi`lhvq`ihi`q ;1

Enmkn{ 4, >, A`ne{nm Ni`{ Vclci`q`nl ;5Enmkn{ 4, ;, Tgcmn Ninq Vclci`q`nl ;0Enmkn{ 1, >, Vc{knla`lenl Isnt Vc{msgnnl Rchi`q Tckcism Anl TctsanjV{cvn{nt` 14Enmkn{ 1, ;, Vc{knla`lenl _hismc Vh{` Rchi`q Tckcism Anl Tctsanj V{cvn{nt` 11Enmkn{ 1, 4, Vc{knla`lenl Sgs{nl Vh{` Rchi`q Tckcism Anl Tctsanj V{cvn{nt` 11Enmkn{ 1, 1, Vcls{slnl Bsminj Kngqc{` Zhh Vnan _n{`nt` Ungqs @lgsknt`,Ghla`t` Hvc{nt`2 Inbs Ni`{ >66 I(bnm7 Sgs{nl Vn{q`gci >5 mm7 vJ ?3 1?Enmkn{ 1, 3, Vc{tclqntc A`t`locgt` Kngqc{` Zhh Vnan _n{`nt` Ungqs @lgsknt`,Ghla`t` Hvc{nt`2 Inbs Ni`{ >66 I(bnm7 Sgs{nl Vn{q`gci >5 mm7 vJ ?3 1?Enmkn{ 1, ?, Vc{tclqntc A`t`locgt` Ngj`{ Kngqc{` Zhh Vnan _n{`nt` Ungqs

@lgsknt`, Ghla`t` Hvc{nt`2 Inbs Ni`{ >66 I(bnm7 Sgs{nl Vn{q`gci >5 mm7 vJ?3 15Enmkn{ 1, 5, Vcmkndnnl Ghihl` Kngqc{` Aclenl Mcqhac QVD Slqsg TnmvciQnlvn Rchi`q *G`{`) Anl Tnmvci T`tqcm Pnle Mcleeslngnl Rchi`q *Gnlnl) 10Enmkn{ 1, :, Ohqh M`g{htghv`g An{` Tnmvci T`tqcm Pnle Mcleeslngnl Rchi`q 36Enmkn{ 1, 0, Vc{tclqntc A`t`locgt` Kngqc{` Zhh Vnan Inbs Ni`{ Smvnl Hrhlnqh{*n) >66 I(bnm *k) ;66 I(bnm anl *d) 166 I(bnm, Ghla`t` Hvc{nt`2 Sgs{nl Vn{q`gci>5 mm7 vJ ?3, 3>

Enmkn{ 1, >6, Vc{tclqntc A`t`locgt` Kngqc{` Zhh Vnan _n{`nt` Inbs Ni`{ SmvnlHrhlnqh{ *n) Qnlvn Rchi`q anl *k) Aclenl Hrhl Anl Rchi`q, Ghla`t` Hvc{nt`2Sgs{nl Vn{q`gci >5 mm7 vJ ?3, 34

Enmkn{ 1, >> Vc{knla`lenl Q`legnq A`t`locgt` Ngj`{ Kngqc{` Zhh An{` TnmvciIn{sqnl Anl Tnmvci Rchi`q Vnan _n{`nt` Aht`t Hrhl(Inbs Ni`{, Ghla`t` Hvc{nt`2Sgs{nl Vn{q`gci >5 mm7 vJ ?3, 31Enmkn{ 1, >;, Vc{tclqntc A`t`locgt` Ngj`{ Kngqc{` Zhh Vnan _n{`nt` Aht`tHrhl(Inbs Ni`{, Ghla`t` Hvc{nt`2 Sgs{nl Vn{q`gci >5 mm7 vJ ?3, 33


13/83

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ANOQN[ QNKCI

Qnkci ;, >, Anqn Tònq O`t`g Hrhl >1

Qnkci 4, >, Anoqn{ Ninq Pnle Aèslngnl Aninm Vclci`q`nl 46Qnkci 4, ;, Anoqn{ Knjnl Pnle Aèslngnl Aninm Vclci`q`nl 4>Qnkci 1, >, V{hasgq``qnt Hrhlnqh{ Vnan Inbs Ni`{ Smvnl San{n >66 I(bnm 1>Qnkci 1, ;, V{hasgq``qnt Hrhlnqh{ Vnan Inbs Ni`{ Smvnl San{n ;66 I(bnm 1;Qnkci 1, 4, V{hasgq``qnt Hrhlnqh{ Vnan Inbs Ni`{ Smvnl San{n 166 I(bnm 1;Qnkci 1, 1, Vc{knla`lenl Bsminj Kngqc{` Vnan In{sqnl Anl Vnan Rchi`q A` NuniAnl Ngj`{ V{htct A`t`locgt` 1:


14/83

>Sl`vc{t`qnt @lahlct`n

KNK >

VCLANJSISNL

>,>,Inqn{ Kcingnle MntninjTc`{`le aclenl vc{sknjnl `gi`m ghla`t` dsndn mclbna` cgtq{`m anl t`gistlpn

qàng ine` mclclqs tcj`leen mcm`ds mn{nglpn jnmn qnlnmnl vna` anl

mcleng`knqgnl eneni vnlcl a` kckc{nvn anc{nj a` @lahlct`n *GHMVNT ;6>>),

Gceneninl vnlcl qàng jnlpn mclpcknkgnl gc{se`nl inletsle vnan vcqnl` vna`

qcqnv` bsen mclpcknkgnl qs{sllpn v{hasgt` kc{nt lnt`hlni tcj`leen jn{en kc{nt

mcihlbng anl ngj`{lpn mclah{hle vcmc{`lqnj slqsg mcle`mvh{ kc{nt,

*Mca`n@lahlct`n,dhm ;6>>n), Slqsg mcles{nle` gcksqsjnl `mvh{ kc{nt vc{is

vcl`legnqnl v{hasgt` kc{nt lnt`hlni a` nlqn{nlpn aclenl mclnlenl` mntninj

eneni vnlcl ng`knq tc{nlenl jnmn vna`,

Tninj tnqs jnmn vclpcknk {stnglpn qnlnmnl vna` naninj vclpng`q Jnun{

Ansl Kngqc{` *JAK) nqns ick`j a`gclni aclenl vclpng`q G{ctcg pnle a`tcknkgnl

hicj kngqc{` Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc *Zhh), A` @lahlct`n vclpng`q `l`

qc{tckn{ jnmv`{ a` tcis{sj anc{nj vc{qnlnmnl vna` kn`g a` anqn{nl {clanj mnsvsl

anqn{nl q`lee` anl tcinis q`mksi kn`g vnan mst`m gcmn{ns mnsvsl mst`m jsbnl,

Gc{se`nl jntì pnle a`tcknkgnl hicj vclpng`q JAK anvnq mcldnvn` ?6#,

*Nlhl`m ;660) Vnan qnjsl ;6>> `l` tnbn vclpng`q G{ctcg qcinj mclpc{nle

{nqstnl jcgqn{c tnunj a` kc{knen` anc{nj a` @lahlct`n, A` nlqn{nlpn pn`qs a`

Tsmnqc{n Sqn{n a` mnln gc{stngnl ng`knq vclpng`q G{ctcg mcldnvn` 4:3 jcgqn{c

an{` >:11 jcgqn{c tnunj pnle qc{tc{nle jnmn anl vclpng`q, Aìnvh{gnl knjun

tcbng vc{qnlnmnl Hgqhkc{ ;6>6 j`leen Mn{cq ;6>> injnl pnle qc{tc{nle vclpng`q

G{ctcg tcisnt ;5:> jcgqn{c an{` >,:;? jcgqn{c injnl pnle qc{gcln vclpng`q,

Q`legnq tc{nlenl vclpng`q qc{tcksq mcldnvn` >3;4# a`knla`legnl aclenl

tc{nlenl q`gst ;511#7 jnmn vsq`j vnits >535#7 vcleec{cg knqnle >16?# anl

vclpng`q kintq ;35>#, *Tcvsqn{@lahlct`n ;6>>) Tcanlegnl a` Gni`mnlqnl

Q`ms{ vclpng`q G{ctcg mclpc{nle 4;06 jcgqn{c vna` an{` ;4;40 jcgqn{c vna`

pnle qc{tc{nle jnmn pn`qs tckctn{ >1;# a`knla`legnl jnmn vcleec{cg knqnle

360:#7 q`gst 1565# anl uc{cle 634#, *Mca`n@lahlct`n,dhm ;6>>k) Vclpng`q

`l` bsen mc{stng vsisjnl j`leen {nqstnl jcgqn{c qnlnmnl vna` a` anc{nj Ihmkhg


15/83

;


Lenlbsg Qhkn Tnmht`{ Tsknle anl Gn{nunle pnle mclpcknkgnl jntì vnlcl

vna` a` anc{nj-anc{nj qc{tcksq qs{sl msin` an{` 16 j`leen :6 #,

Kngqc{` vclpcknk vclpng`q G{ctcg `l` mclpckn{ an{` nle`l anl jsbnl qcqnv`

qc{sqnmn mclpckn{ mcinis` knlb`{ anl n`{ `{ènt` *CVVH anl DNK@ >005), Tcinmn

`l` vcleclani`nl vclpng`q ng`knq kngqc{` qc{tcksq jnlpn a`qnlenl` aclenl tnl`qnt`

i`legslenl vclpcmv{hqnl vctq`tàn vc{kn`gnl dn{n kc{dhdhg qnlnm anl

vclnlnmnl n{`cqnt pnle qnjnl, Vclnlenlnl inletsle slqsg mcmkntm` kngqc{`

aìngsgnl mcinis` vcmkc{`nl vctq`tàn nqns kngqc{`tàn pnle anvnq mcmkc{`

anmvng lcenqò vnan i`legslenl, Hicj gn{cln `qs a`vc{isgnl dn{n in`l pnle ick`j

{nmnj i`legslenl slqsg mcmkntm` jnmn kngqc{` pnle mclpc{nle vna` `l`,

A`t`locgt` kngqc{` anvnq aìngsgnl aclenl mcleeslngnl hrhl pnlemc{svngnl tclpnun hgtànqh{ gsnq, Gcslqslenl in`l an{` vcleeslnnl hrhl

naninj gcmnmvsnl hrhl slqsg mclace{nant` vctq`tàn pnle kc{knt`t tclpnun

h{enl`g *@gcjnqn cq ni, ;66:), Hrhl qcinj inmn a`gclni tcknen` a`t`locgqnl pnle

cocgqò slqsg mcmkslsj kngqc{` anl `{st gjststlpn vnan n`{, Hrhl tcknen`

a`t`locgqnl mnmvs mcmkslsj kc{knen` mndnm m`g{hh{enl`tmc tcvc{q` `{st

bnms{ anl qc{sqnmn kngqc{`, *Ghunitg` cq ni, >00:7 Qnpih{ cq ni, ;666) Cocg hrhl

vnan kngqc{` Zhh bsen mclslbsggnl knjun vcmkìntnl hrhl aclenl inbs ni`{ 466mI(m`l tcinmn 4 mcl`q vnan gsiqs{ kngqc{` anvnq mclejìnlegnl gcinletslenl

jàsv kngqc{` vnan ghltclq{nt` tci 666: HA vnan 316 lm, Lnmsl vnan

ghltclq{nt` tci pnle ick`j q`lee` *66: HA gc nqnt) kngqc{` anvnq kc{qnjnl jàsv

*Mhjnl cq ni, ;663), Tnpnlelpn qcglhihe` hrhl slqsg ace{nant` vhisqnl anl

a`t`locgt` kngqc{` mnt`j mcmì`g` gcgs{nlenl pn`qs {clanjlpn gcin{sqnl anl

gcmsanjnl hrhl qc{s{n` mclbna` hgtècl aninm n`{, *[ha{escr cq ni, ;66:)

Rchi`q ninm naninj mnqc{`ni kc{vh{` aclenl tq{sgqs{ isknle pnle sl`gtcj`leen mhicgsi-mhicgsi qc{qclqs anvnq mcinis` isknle-isknle qc{tcksq slqsg

mcle`t` {snle nath{vqò pnle nan, Aclenl acm`g`nl isnt vc{msgnnl g{`tqni rchi`q

pnle kctn{ anvnq mcicgnqgnl m`g{hh{enl`tmc tcvc{q` kngqc{` *Uà`ntqsq` cq ni,

;66:), Vclci`q`nl tckcismlpn mclslbsggnl knjun rchi`q mcmì`g` gcmnmvsnl

mclenath{vt` kngqc{` tcdn{n tcicgqò kc{enlqsle vnan vJ, *Gskhqn cq ni, ;66:),

Vclci`q`nl in`llpn mclslbsggnl knjun rchi`q anvnq mclenath{vt` hrhl aninm

bsminj qc{qclqs *Osb`qn cq ni, ;661n7 Osb`qn cq ni, ;661k) tcj`leen mcmsleg`lgnl


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ghmk`lnt` qcglhihe` hrhl aclenl rchi`q, Ghmk`lnt` hrhl aclenl rchi`q qcinj

aèslngnl slqsg mclace{nant` vhisqnl tcvc{q` oclhi qhiscln anl q{`gih{hcqcln

aclenl ick`j cocgqò, *Osb`qn cq ni, ;661k7Djnh cq ni, ;6657Nm`l cq ni, ;6>6)

Nanvsl vclci`q`nl qc{g`l` mcleeslngnl ghmk`lnt` qcglhihe` hrhl anl rchi`q ninm

slqsg a`t`locgt` kngqc{` Zhh mclslbsggnl knjun inbs a`t`locgt` kngqc{`

mcleeslngnl rchi`q ick`j {clanj an{`vnan inbs a`t`locgt` kngqc{` qnlvn rchi`q,

Nanvsl sb` gcin{sqnl hrhl mclslbsggnl knjun vnan {nt`h a`t`locgt` pnle tnmn

a`ksqsjgnl mnttn hrhl pnle ick`j tca`g`q vnan v{htct a`t`locgt` aclenl

vclnmknjnl rchi`q a`knla`legnl qnlvn vclnmknjnl rchi`q, *Pnlsn{qn ;6>;) Jni

`l` mclslbsggnl knjun ghlqng nlqn{n hrhl anl kngqc{` kcism dsgsv cocgqò pnle

anvnq a`tcknkgnl hicj qc{inis t`legnqlpn ungqs ghlqng nlqn{n kngqc{` aclenlrchi`q tcj`leen kngqc{` kcism qc{nath{v aclenl kn`g vnan rchi`q,

Hicj gn{cln `qs vnan vclci`q`nl `l` ngnl a`tcià`g` n{`nkci in`l aninm

vcleeslnnl rchi`q ninm slqsg a`t`locgt` kngqc{` Zhh aclenl hrhl, Kngqc{` ngnl

a`sb` a`t`locgt` jnlpn aclenl hrhl anl vclesb`nl in`llpn aclenl ghmk`lnt` hrhl

anl rchi`q aclenl n{`nt` aht`t hrhl anl ungqs `lgsknt` kngqc{` vnan rchi`q,

Jntìlpn ngnl a`knla`legnl aclenl dn{n mclenlni`t`t gnlaslenl kngqc{`

tckcism anl tctsanj hrhlnt` slqsg mnt`le-mnt`le vc{ingsnl qc{tcksq, Vclci`q`nl`l` ngnl mcleeslngnl tnmvci n`{ pnle a`ksnq mclpc{svn` n`{ `{ènt` pnle

mclenlasle kngqc{` Zhh rchi`q ninm Inmvsle tcknen` nath{kcl anl hrhl an{`

eclc{nqh{ hrhl pnle qc{anvnq a` Acvn{qcmcl Qcgl`g G`m`n Sl`c{t`qnt @lahlct`n,

Gnlaslenl kngqc{` aninm n`{ tnmvci tckcism anl tctsanj hrhlnt` a`nlni`t`t

mcleeslngnl mcqhac qhqni dhslq vinqc *QVD),

Vclci`q`nl `l` ngnl mclejntìgnl anqn qclqnle vclen{sj vcleeslnnl rchi`q

ninm n{`nt` aht`t hrhl anl ungqs `lgsknt` kngqc{` vnan rchi`q ninm aninmv{htct hrhlnt` slqsg a`t`locgt` kngqc{` Zhh, Vcmnlonnqnl qcglhihe` hrhl slqsg

mcmkntm` kngqc{` jnmn qnlnmnl vna` ick`j cocgqò anl ick`j {nmnj i`legslenl

a`knla`legnl vcleeslnnl vctq`tàn gn{cln hrhl msanj qc{acghmvht`t` mclbna`

hgtècl pnle qàng mcmknjnpngnl i`legslenl, Qcglhihe` `l` a`ghmk`lnt`gnl

aclenl rchi`q ninm Inmvsle tcknen` nath{kcl gn{cln rchi`q `l` mc{svngnl knjnl

ninm` pnle bsen qàng mcmknjnpngnl i`legslenl, Tcin`l `qs rchi`q ninm

Inmvsle qc{kìnle ms{nj gn{cln mc{svngnl v{hasg ihgni @lahlct`n pnle


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1


qc{anvnq aninm bsminj mci`mvnj lnmsl mnt`j kcism a`mnlonnqgnl aclenl

hvq`mni, A`t`locgt` kngqc{` Zhh aclenl ghmk`lnt` hrhl anl rchi`q ninm

a`jn{nvgnl anvnq mcmkslsj jnmn vna` qc{tcksq ick`j kn`g an{` a`t`locgt` jnlpn

aclenl hrhl nen{ anvnq mcm`l`mni`tnt` {ct`gh eneni vnlcl ng`knq jnmn qc{tcksq

tcj`leen mcl`legnqgnl v{hasgt` tc{qn gsni`qnt kc{nt mcmclsj` gcksqsjnl kc{nt

lnt`hlni anl mcles{nle` gcqc{enlqslenl qc{jnanv `mvh{,

>,;,Vc{smstnl Mntninj

Mntninj pnle ngnl a`gnb` aninm vclci`q`nl `l` naninj mclclqsgnl vclen{sj

n{`nt` aht`t hrhl anl ungqs `lgsknt` kngqc{` aninm v{htct a`t`locgt` jnmn

qnlnmnl vna` kngqc{` Zhh aclenl mcleeslngnl qcglhihe` hrhl, Rchi`q ninm

tcknen` mnqc{`ni kc{vh{` anvnq mclenath{vt` anl kc{vc{nl tcknen` ghltclq{nqh{

kne` hrhl anl kngqc{`, Mngn vcleeslnnl rchi`q ninm anvnq mcmvc{kctn{ ghlqng

nlqn{n hrhl aclenl kngqc{` tcj`leen anvnq mcmkntm` kngqc{` aclenl ick`j

cocgqò, Ghmk`lnt` hrhl aclenl rchi`q ninm a`jn{nvgnl ngnl anvnq mcmkntm`

kngqc{` ick`j kn`g a`knla`legnl a`t`locgt` jnlpn aclenl hrhl,

>,4,Qsbsnl Vclci`q`nl

Vclci`q`nl `l` kc{qsbsnl slqsg2>, Mclclqsgnl tèlò`gnlt` vcleeslnnl rchi`q ninm pnle qcinj a``lgsknt`

kngqc{`Zhh aninm v{htct a`t`locgt` aclenl qcglhihe` hrhl,

;, Mclclqsgnl vclen{sj aht`t hrhl anl ungqs `lgsknt` kngqc{` aninm rchi`qninm vnan v{htct a`t`locgt` kngqc{`Zhh aclenl qcglhihe` hrhl,

4, Mclclqsgnl ungqs hvq`mni slqsg `lgsknt` kngqc{` vnan rchi`q ninm aninmv{htct a`t`locgt` kngqc{`Zhh aclenl qcglhihe` hrhl,

>,1,Knqntnl Mntninj

Vclci`q`nl `l` a`knqnt` aclenl2

>, Tnmvci pnle aèslngnl naninj n`{ pnle a`mhacignl tcknen` n`{ `{ènt`pnle qc{ghlqnm`lnt` kngqc{` Zhh,

;, Rchi`q pnle aèslngnl naninj rchi`q ninm Inmvsle kc{bcl`tdi`lhvqìhi`qc aclenl a`nmcqc{ >5 mm pnle a`kc{` v{c-q{cnqmclq

tcac{jnln kc{svn vcldsd`nl aclenl n~snactqanl vcmnlntnl,


18/83

3


4, Gn{ngqc{`tnt` rchi`q ninm aìngsgnl aclenl KCQ Nsqhth{k slqsgmclecqnjs` isnt vc{msgnnl hismc anl sgs{nl vh{` rchi`q,

1, Eclc{nqh{ hrhl pnle aèslngnl naninj eclc{nqh{ hrhl kc{bcl`t v`vnghngt`ni tjcii nla qskc mì`g Inkh{nqh{`sm @lqcltò`gnt` V{htct

Acvn{qcmcl Qcgl`g G`m`n Sl`c{t`qnt @lahlct`n,

3, Vclci`q`nl aìngsgnl a` Inkh{nqh{`sm @lqcltò`gnt` V{htct anlInkh{nqh{`sm Qcglhihe` K`hv{htct Acvn{qcmcl Qcgl`g G`m`n

Sl`c{t`qnt @lahlct`n,

?, Nlni`t`t gnlaslenl kngqc{` vnan tnmvci aìngsgnl mcleeslngnl mcqhacqhqni vinqc dhslq *QVD) a` Inkh{nqh{`sm M`g{hk`hihe` Qcgl`g

Vclpcjnqnl I`legslenl Acvn{qcmcl Qcgl`g T`vì Sl`c{t`qnt @lahlct`n,5, T`tqcm pnle aèslngnl naninj knqdj aclenl mcleeslngnl mcqhac

oihqnt` san{n,

:, _n{`nt` pnle aìngsgnl naninj aht`t hrhl pnle kc{knt`t inbs ni`{ smvnlsan{n anl ungqs `lgsknt` kngqc{` vnan rchi`q,

>,3,T`tqcmnq`gn Vclsi`tnl

Vclsi`tnl tg{`vt` `l` qc{a`{` an{` qèn kne`nl pn`qs2

KNK > 2 VCLANJSISNL

Qc{a`{` an{` inqn{ kcingnle {smstnl mntninj qsbsnl vclci`q`nl knqntnl

mntninj anl t`tqcmnq`gn vclsi`tnl,

KNK ; 2 Q@LBNSNL VSTQNGN

Kc{`t` q`lbnsnl mclecln` jni-jni pnle qc{gn`q aninm vclci`q`nl `l`, Vclbcintnl

qc{a`{` an{` vclbcintnl smsm mclecln` ghla`t` vnlenl kc{nt a` @lahlct`nkngqc{` Zhh tcknen` jnmn qnlnmnl vna` qcglhihe` hrhl anl rchi`q ninm,

Vclbcintnl mclecln` kngqc{` Zhh mci`vsq` ntni anl vclpckn{nllpn qngthlhm`

anl mh{ohihe` vc{qsmksjnl anl {cv{hasgt` tc{qn cghihe`lpn, Vclbcintnl

qclqnle qcglhihe` hrhl mci`vsq` qch{` antn{ mclecln` hrhl vcmkclqsgnl

hrhl anl mnlonnq hrhl, Vclbcintnl qclqnle rchi`q ninm mci`vsq` vclbcintnl

smsm tq{sgqs{ rchi`q tònq-tònq rchi`q tc{qn vcmnlonnqnllpn, Tcin`l `qs bsen


19/83

?


qc{anvnq vclbcintnl qclqnle g`lc{bn hrhl aclenl rchi`q tc{qn mcqhac nlni`t`t

slqsg mclecqnjs` q`legnq cocgq``qnt a`t`locgt` kngqc{`,

KNK 4 2 MCQHAC VCLCI@Q@NL

Kc{`t` a`ne{nm ni`{ vclci`q`nl tgcmn ninq vclci`q`nl tc{qn actg{`vt` inlegnj

gc{bn pnle ngnl aìngsgnl aninm mcmk`nggnl kngqc{` Zhh v{cvn{nt` rchi`q

ninm anl v{htct a`t`locgt`,

KNK 1 2 JNT@I ANL VCMKNJNTNL

Kc{`t` anqn jntì vclci`q`nl pnle a`vc{hicj nlni`t`t gcdclac{slenl vnan

kc{knen` n{`nt` pnle aèslngnl anl vcmknjntnl oclhmcln pnle qc{bna` an{`jntì pnle a`vc{hicj,

KNK 3 2 GCT@MVSINL

Qc{a`{` an{` gct`mvsinl pnle anvnq a`nmkì kc{antn{gnl vc{dhknnl pnle

aìngsgnl qc{gn`q qsbsnl vclci`q`nl `l`,


20/83

5Sl`vc{t`qnt @lahlct`n

KNK ;

Q@LBNSNL VSTQNGN

;,>,Aìcmn Vnlenl Kc{nt a` @lahlct`n

Tsleesj `{hl`t gcnannl a` @lahlct`n `l`7 @lahlct`n mc{svngnl lcen{n

ne{n{`t lnmsl gclpnqnnllpn lcec{` `l` jn{st kc{gni`-gni` mcle`mvh{ kc{nt an{`

lcen{n in`l gn{cln vclenannl kc{nt aninm lcec{` qàng mcldsgsv` ghltsmt` kc{nt

lnt`hlni, Knjgnl a` nuni qnjsl ;6>> `l` @lahlct`n a`lpnqngnl qc{mntsg aninm

cmvnq lcen{n vcle`mvh{ kc{nt qc{kctn{ a` asl`n a` mnln @lahlct`n kc{nan a`

vht`t` asn tcqcinj Lèc{`n pnle mc{svngnl tninj tnqs lcen{n {nunl vnlenl a`

No{`gn, Hicj Gcmclq{`nl Vc{qnl`nl Nmc{`gn Tc{`gnq *STAN) @lahlct`na`v{ca`gt` ngnl mcle`mvh{ kc{nt tcknlpng >53 bsqn qhl a` qnjsl ;6>> `l`

*Mca`n@lahlct`n,dhm ;6>>n),

Gcksqsjnl ghltsmt` kc{nt lnt`hlni qàng mcldsgsv` gcmsleg`lnl kctn{ a`

nlqn{nlpn a`tcknkgnl hicj injnl-injnl vc{qnl`nl pnle mcleninm` eneni vnlcl a`

kckc{nvn anc{nj a` @lahlct`n, Ng`knq vc{sknjnl `gi`m dsndn mclbna` cgtq{`m anl

qàng mclclqs tcj`leen mcm`ds mn{nglpn jnmn qnlnmnl vna` a` kckc{nvn

anc{nj, A` Gnksvnqcl Vs{kni`leen Bnun Qclenj tcbsminj vcqnl` mclecisjgnlvnlcl vna` mc{cgn pnle nlbihg j`leen 36 vc{tcl ng`knq tc{nlenl jnmn, A` Bnun

q`ms{ tc{nlenl jnmn mc{stng kcintnl {`ks jcgqn{ vna` a` Gnksvnqcl Inmhlenl

E{ct`g Khbhlceh{h anl Knlpsunle`, Tcanlegnl a` Vsins Ihmkhg bsen qc{anvnq

tca`g`qlpn 36 jn-?6 jn qnlnmnl vna` pnle {stng ng`knq tc{nlenl jnmn

*GHMVNT ;6>>), Tninj tnqs jnmn pnle knlpng mclpc{nle qnlnmnl vna` anl

vni`le mc{se`gnl `l` naninj jnmn kngqc{` Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc *Zhh)

pnle mclpcknkgnl vclpng`q G{ctcg nqns Jnun{ Ansl Kngqc{` vnan vna`,

Mctg`vsl q`gst anl uc{cle dhginq mnt`j mcmcenle v{ca`gnq tcknen`

h{enl`tmc vcleenlees qnlnmnl vni`le kctn{ pnle mc{stng qnlnmnl vna` a`

@lahlct`n kngqc{` Zhh bsen mcl`mksignl gc{se`nl qàng tca`g`q qc{jnanv

vc{qnl`nl a` kc{knen` anc{nj a` @lahlct`n, Knjgnl vclpng`q G{ctcg pnle

a`q`mksignl kngqc{` `l` mcl`legnq qnbnm aninm kckc{nvn qnjsl qc{ngj`{, *U`phlh

;660) Vnan qnjsl ;660 {nqstnl jcgqn{ tnunj t`nv vnlcl a` uìnpnj D`{ckhl

qc{tc{nle jnmn g{ctcg j`leen v{hasgt` vna` qs{sl tnmvn` 16 vc{tcl, Qnlnmnl


21/83

:


vna` pnle qc{tc{nle jnmn qc{tcksq aìnvh{gnl mcldnvn` >53 jcgqn{c, Tcanlegnl

a` anc{nj Gns{ Kclegsis qc{anvnq tcg`qn{ 36 jcgqn{c qnlnmnl vna` pnle

qc{tc{nle vclpng`q G{ctcg, *V`g`{nl[ngpnqHli`lc ;660) Vnan qnjsl ;6>6 a`

Gnksvnqcl HGS Q`ms{ Tsmnqc{n Tcinqnl v{hasgt` vnlcl vcqnl` qs{sl j`leen 36

vc{tcl ng`knq enlntlpn jnmn g{ctcg, Tcanlegnl a` anc{nj Knlbn{lcen{n isnt

qnlnmnl pnle qc{tc{nle vclpng`q `l` mcldnvn` ;?4 jcgqn{c Vs{kni`leen 416

jcgqn{c Knlpsmnt >,133 jcgqn{c anl Dìndnv 344 jcgqn{c,

*NLQN[NBnqcle,dhm ;6>67 T{ù`bnpnVhtq ;6>6)

Nanvsl vnan qnjsl ;6>> `l` vclpng`q G{ctcg qcinj mclpc{nle {nqstnl

jcgqn{c tnunj a` kc{knen` anc{nj a` @lahlct`n, A` nlqn{nlpn pn`qs a` Tsmnqc{n

Sqn{n a` mnln gc{stngnl ng`knq vclpng`q G{ctcg mcldnvn` 4:3 jcgqn{c an{`>:11 jcgqn{c tnunj pnle qc{tc{nle jnmn anl vclpng`q, Aìnvh{gnl knjun tcbng

vc{qnlnmnl Hgqhkc{ ;6>6 j`leen Mn{cq ;6>> injnl pnle qc{tc{nle vclpng`q

G{ctcg tcisnt ;5:> jcgqn{c an{` >,:;? jcgqn{c injnl pnle qc{gcln vclpng`q,

Q`legnq tc{nlenl vcpng`q qc{tcksq mcldnvn` >3;4# a`knla`legnl aclenl

tc{nlenl q`gst ;511#7 jnmn vsq`j vnits >535#7 vcleec{cg knqnle >16?# anl

vclpng`q kintq ;35>#, *Tcvsqn{@lahlct`n ;6>>) Tcanlegnl a` Gni`mnlqnl

Q`ms{ vclpng`q G{ctcg mclpc{nle 4;06 jcgqn{c vna` an{` ;4;40 jcgqn{c vna`pnle qc{tc{nle jnmn pn`qs tckctn{ >1;# a`knla`legnl jnmn vcleec{cg knqnle

360:#7 q`gst 1565# anl uc{cle 634#, *Mca`n@lahlct`n,dhm ;6>>k) Vclpng`q

`l` bsen mc{stng vsisjnl j`leen {nqstnl jcgqn{c qnlnmnl vna` a` anc{nj Ihmkhg

Lenlbsg Qhkn Tnmht`{ Tsknle anl Gn{nunle pnle mclpcknkgnl jntì vnlcl

vna` a` anc{nj-anc{nj qc{tcksq qs{sl msin` an{` 16 j`leen :6 #,

;,;,Kngqc{`Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc

Kngqc{` Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc mc{svngnl kngqc{` vnqhecl pnle

mclpcknkgnl vclpng`q Jnun{ Ansl Kngqc{` *JAK) nqns pnle bsen a`tcksq

vclpng`q G{ctcg vnan qnlnmnl vna` pnle knlpng mcls{slgnl v{hasgt` vc{qnl`nl

vna` a` tckne`nl kctn{ anc{nj Nt`n anl tckne`nl anc{nj No{`gn, Kc{`gsq `l`

vclbcintnl mclecln` kngqc{` qc{tcksq,


22/83

0


;,4,>,Gintò`gnt` anl Mh{ohihe`

Gintò`gnt` kngqc{`Z, h{prnc v, h{prnc naninj tcknen` kc{`gsq2

G`leahm 2 Kndqc{`n

Oìsm 2 V{hqchkndqc{`n

Gcint 2 Enmmn V{hqchkndqc{`n

H{ac 2 Znlqjhmhlnanict

Onmìp 2 Znlqjhmhlnandcnc

Eclst 2Znlqjhmhlnt

Tvct`ct 2Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc

Kngqc{` Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc *Zhh) mcmì`g` lnmn in`l

Znlqjhmhlnt dnmvctq{ t v, h{prnc Apc mc{svngnl kngqc{` kc{kclqsg knqnle

vclacg mcmì`g` ninq ec{ng kc{svn oineci vhin{ anl mc{svngnl ehihlenl kngqc{`

e{nm lcenqò pnle kc{tònq nc{hk anl qàng mcmkclqsg tvh{n, Kngqc{` `l`

kc{sgs{nl >>-;6 61-6? m tcanlegnl oinecilpn kc{sgs{nl ick`j vnlbnle

pn`qs ?-: m, Kclqsg kngqc{` `l` anvnq aì`jnq vnan Enmkn{ ;,>, Ghihl` kngqc{` `l`

kc{kclqsg ksinq dcmksle kc{icla`{ aclenl vc{msgnnl i`d`l kc{un{ln gsl`le

gcvsq`jnlj`leen gsl`le gcdhginqnl anl qsmksj a clenl inmknq, Tci kngqc{`

qc{tcksq mcmv{hasgt` gnvtsi vhi`tngn{àn cgtq{ntcisic{ *CVT) aninm bsminj

tnlenq knlpng, CVT `l` tnlenq vclq`le aninm vcmkclqsgnl ksq`{nl nqns slqn`nl

czsanqc kngqc{` an{` acanslnl pnle qc{`locgt` kngqc{` qc{tcksq mcmkc{`gnllpn

vc{i`laslenl an{` act`gnt` anl mcmknlqs vclpckn{nl mcinis` nle`l anl jsbnl,

*CVVH anl DNK@ >0057 L`lh-I`s cq ni, ;66?7 Nlanpnl` ;6>6)

*n) *k)

Enmkn{ ;, > *n) Ohqh M`g{htghv Cicgq{hlZnlqjhmhlnt *46,666), *k) Ghihl`Znlqjhmhlnth{prnc Vnan Mca`n Nen{,

Tsmkc{2 Nlanpnl` ;6>67 L`lh-I`s ;66?


23/83

>6


;,4,;,Ntni anl A`tq{`kst`

Kngqc{` `l` vc{qnmn gni` a`qcmsgnl a` Bcvnle vnan qnjsl >0>> a` mnln `n

vc{qnmn gni` a`kc{` lnmn Kndìist h{prnc, Kngqc{` qc{tcksq aènlq` lnmnlpn vnan

qnjsl >0;; mclbna` Vtcsahmhlnt h{prnc anl gcmsa`nl mclbna` Znlqjhmhlnt

h{prnc, Vnan qnjsl >05: kngqc{` qc{tcksq a`gintò`gnt` sinle mclbna`

Znlqjhmhlnt dnmvctq{ t v, h{prnc Apc, Kn{sinj vnan qnjsl >006 kngqc{` `l`

a`gclni anl kc{sknj tqnqstlpn mclbna` tvct`ct kn{s kc{lnmnZnlqjhmhlnt h{prnc

v, h{prnc,

Kngqc{` Z, h{prnc v, h{prnc qc{tckn{ a` Nt`n No{`gn Nstq{ni`n Nmc{`gn

Sqn{n Nmc{`gn Qclenj anl Gn{`k`n Nmc{`gn Tcinqnl tc{qn Htcnl`n, Lnmsl

kngqc{` `l` vni`le knlpng qc{anvnq a` Nt`n anl tckne`nl No{`gn Kn{nq qc{sqnmn a`@la`n D`ln anl @lahlct`n a` mnln vhvsint`lpn qcinj qc{tckn{ isnt j`leen

mcunknj, *CVVH anl DNK@ >0057 L`lh-I`s cq ni, ;66?)

;,4,4,Vclpng`q G{ctcg(Jnun{ Ansl Kngqc{`

Kngqc{`Z, h{prnc v, h{prnc naninj kngqc{` vclpcknk vclpng`q Jnun{ Ansl

Kngqc{`(Kndqc{`ni Icno Kièjq*JAK(KIK) nqns pnle bsen a`gclni aclenl vclpng`q

G{ctcg vnan qnlnmnl vna` pnle knlpng qc{bna` a` lcen{n-lcen{n Nt`n gjststlpn@lahlct`n,Vclpng`q JAK `l` tcla`{` vc{qnmn gni` a`qcmsgnl a` Osgshgn Bcvnle

vnan qnjsl >::1 a` mnln vnan nunilpn vclpng`q `l` aàsen a`tcknkgnl hicj

gcntnmnl qnlnj, Kn{sinj vnan qnjsl >060 a`tcià`g` gckc{nannl kngqc{` vnan

qnlnmnl `l` anl vnan qnjsl >0>> a`qcmsgnl kngqc{` vclpcknklpn, Vnan nuni

nkna ;6 vclpng`q `l` qcinj a`gcqnjs` qc{tckn{ isnt jnmv`{ a` tcis{sj Bcvnle

gcdsni` a` vsins Jhggnàh, A` @lahlct`n vclpng`q `l` msin-msin a`qcmsgnl hicj

[c`qtmn anl Tdjs{c vnan qnlnmnl msan a` anc{nj Kheh{ aclenl ecbnin inps,

Vclpng`q `l` a`lnmn` g{ctcg anl vnqhecllpn a`lnmn`Znlqjhmhlnt g{ctcg Tdjs{c,

Qc{ksgq` knjun vclpng`q `l` tnmn aclenl vclpng`q jnun{ ansl kngqc{` pnle

qc{anvnq a` Bcvnle,

Vclpng`q JAK anvnq mcls{slgnl jntì vnlcl j`leen 4?-?6#, A` Bcvnle

gc{se`nl ng`knq vclpng`q JAK aìnvh{gnl tcknlpng ;6 j`leen 46# knjgnl pnle


24/83

>>


vni`le q`lee` mcldnvn` 36#, A` lcen{n-lcen{n q{hv`t vclpng`q `l` mcl`mksignl

gc{se`nl pnle ick`j vn{nj, An{` O`i`v`ln @lahlct`n anl @la`n gc{se`nl pnle

a`tcknkgnl hicj vclpng`q `l` mcldnvn` ?6-53# kc{enlqsle vnan dsndn qcmvnq

anl n{`cqnt kc{nt, Vclpng`q JAK vnan qnlnmnl vna` kc{t`onq t`tqcm`g anl anvnq

mcle`locgt` qnlnmnl vnan kc{knen` tqna`sm vc{qsmksjnl smsmlpn qc{bna` vnan

mst`m jsbnl nqns icmknk 6)

Enmkn{ ;, ;, Qnlnmnl Vna` Pnle Qc{tc{nle Jnun{ Ansl Kngqc{`

Tsmkc{2 Nlhl`m ;660

;,4,1,[cv{hasgt` anl Vclpckn{nl @locgt`

Vc{qsmksjnl anl {cv{hasgt` kngqc{` Z, h{prnc v, h{prnc anvnq a`vnds hicj

ghla`t` i`legslenl a` nlqn{nlpn hicj ongqh{ tsjs gcicmknvnl anl dnjnpn, Tsjs

hvq`msm slqsg vc{gcmknlenl kngqc{` `l` naninj ;3 j`leen 46D, Vcl`legnqnl

tsjs {nqn-{nqn ngnl mclah{hle vc{gcmknlenl kngqc{` `l` gn{cln `qs kngqc{` `l`

knlpng a`bsmvn` a` anc{nj kc{`gi`m tcanle anl q{hv`t tcvc{q` @lahlct`n, Kngqc{`


25/83

>;


`l` mntsg gc qsmksjnl an{` jànqhan nqns isgn vnan ansl mnsvsl ngn{,

Vclpckn{nl kngqc{` aìngsgnl hicj nle`l anl jsbnl lnmsl qc{sqnmn vnan

eclnlenl n`{ anl n`{ `{ènt`, Vclpckn{nl kngqc{` aninm bn{ng bnsj anvnq qc{bna`

mcinis` k`k`q vna` pnle qc{`locgt` kngqc{`, Lnmsl vclpckn{nl mcinis` k`k`q `l`

ksgnl dn{n sqnmn vclpckn{nl kngqc{`Z, h{prnc v, h{prnc a` lcen{n-lcen{n pnle

qc{`locgt` kngqc{` `l`, *CVVH anl DNK@ >0057 Nlanpnl` ;6>6)

J`leen tnnq `l` dn{n pnle aìngsgnl slqsg mcleclani`gnl jnmn kngqc{` Z,

h{prnc v, h{prnc dclac{sle vnan vc{kn`gnl dn{n kc{dhdhg qnlnm pn`qs

mcleeslngnl n{`cqnt qnjnl vc{eì`{nl qnlnm vclnlnmnl n{`cqnt sleesi an{`

kcl`j pnle tcjnq vclehinjnl qnlnj tcdn{n hvq`mni vclenqs{nl vhin qnlnm anl

ungqs qnlnm tc{cmvng aninm tnqs jnmvn{nl vcmksnqnl vc{tcmn`nl gc{`le nqnsqàng qc{clanm n`{ bn{ng qnlnm qàng qc{inis {nvnq qàng mcmhqhle ngn{ anl ansl

k`k`q pnle ngnl a`qnlnm vclenqs{nl t`tqcm vclen`{nl tctsn` aclenl ontc

vc{qsmksjnl qnlnm vcmsvsgnl kc{`mknle *L V G anl slts{ m`g{h) tctsn` ontc

vc{qsmksjnl anl mst`m tc{qn mclej`lan{` vcmkc{`nl vsvsg L pnle qc{inis

q`lee`, Stnjn in`llpn pn`qs tnl`qnt` i`legslenl anl a`t`locgt` jnmn kngqc{` jnlpn

aìngsgnl mcinis` vcmkc{`nl vctq`tàn nqns kngqc{`tàn pnle anvnq mcmkc{`

anmvng lcenqò vnan i`legslenl, *Nlanpnl` ;6>6) Hicj gn{cln `qs a`vc{isgnldn{n in`l pnle ick`j {nmnj i`legslenl slqsg mcmkntm` tcdn{n inletsle jnmn

kngqc{` pnle mclpc{nle vna` `l`,

;,4,Hrhl

Hrhl *H4) mc{svngnl tclpnun pnle qc{a`{` an{` qèn nqhm hgtècl, Ent `l`

smsmlpn qàng qc{bna` cm`t` inletsle a` san{n lnmsl k`ntnlpn a`jntìgnl

tcknen` vhisqnl pnle qàng a``le`lgnl vnan tmhe *gnksq ntnv) anl cm`t` `lastq{`

ng`knq {cngt` g`m`n nlqn{n hgtàn l`q{hecl *LHz) anl _HD *hinqìc h{enl`d

dhmvhslat) a` knunj t`ln{ mnqnjn{`, Hrhl bsen a`v{hasgt` slqsg tqc{ì`tnt` anl

slqsg qsbsnl vcmkc{t`jnl anl acqhgtò`gnt` pnle a`nleenv tcknen` niqc{lnq`c

pnle ick`j {nmnj i`legslenl an{`vnan gih{`l,

Hrhl tcdn{n ninm` qc{anvnq a` nqmhtoc{ ksm` a` mnln gckc{nannllpn vnan

inv`tnl nqmhtoc{ qc{clanj mc{svngnl vhisqnl san{n pnle mcmì`g` anmvng


26/83

>4


kc{knjnpn vnan vc{lnontnl jcunl anl mnlst`n tc{qn anvnq mcmkngn{ qsmksj-

qsmksjnl pnle tclt`q`c, Lnmsl hrhl vnan inv`tnl nqmhtoc{ nqnt kc{mnlonnq

tcknen` ghmvhlcl vclq`le slqsg mcldcenj {na`nt` S_ anl cicgq{hmnelcq`g an{`

mnqnjn{` mcldnvn`vc{msgnnl ksm`, Hrhl qc{kclqsg anl qc{ghltclq{nt` vnan

inv`tnl tq{nqhtoc{ a` nqmhtoc{ ksm`, Vcmkclqsgnl hrhl tcdn{n ninm` qc{tcksq

a`tcknkgnl hicj nkth{vt` ecihmknle vclacg {na`nt` S_ hicj mhicgsi hgtècl a`

tq{nqhtoc{, Hgtècl pnle qc{cgtvht aclenl mcanl clc{e` `l` qc{a`tht`nt` anl

qc{vcdnj mcmkclqsg nqhm hgtècl, Nqhm hgtècl pnle qc{icvnt `l` gcmsa`nl

mcingsgnl {cghmk`lnt` aclenl mhicgsi hgtècl in`llpn a` san{n tcj`leen

qc{kclqsg hrhl, *CVN ;6647 Qs{lcp ;6>6)

;,4,>,Tònq O`t`g anl G`m`n Hrhl

Hrhl naninj mhicgsi qàng tqnkì pnle a`v{hasgt` an{` hgtècl tc{`legni`

a`tcksq tcknen` nihq{hv an{` hgtècl, Tq{sgqs{ {cthlnlt` mhicgsi hrhl anvnq

aì`jnq vnan Enmkn{ ;,4, [cngt` smsm vcmkclqsgnl hrhl a`qslbsggnl aclenl

{cngt` clahqc{m`g2

4H;;H4* Jh vnan > nqm = ';:13 gB(mhi) *;,>)

Hicj gn{cln tònqlpn qàng tqnkì hrhl jn{st a`mnlonnqgnl a` qcmvnq mngn

hrhl jn{st a`v{hasgt` a` acgnq qcmvnq `n ngnl aèslngnl, Mhicgsi hrhl mcmì`g`

kc{nq mhicgsi 1: qc{a`{` an{` qèn nqhm hgtècl pnle qc{`gnq hicj `gnqnl hgtècl-

hgtècl pnle tnmn vnan tsasq qsmvsi >>?h10,*[ha{escr cq ni, ;66:) Tq{sgqs{

`l` qàng tqnkì anl mc{svngnl vclpcknk gcmnmvsnl hgtànt`lpn pnle gsnq,

Kckc{nvn tònq o`t`g hgtècl anvnq aì`jnq vnan Qnkci ;,>,

Enmkn{ ;, 4, Tq{sgqs{ [cthlnlt` Mhicgsi Hrhl

Tsmkc{2 [ha{escr ;66:

Hrhl naninj ent pnle kc{kns qnbnm aclenl knqnt acqcgt` kns tcg`qn{ 66;

vvm *661 me(m4), Vnvn{nl mngt`msm pnle a`nlbs{gnl naninj acinvnl bnm


27/83

>1


aclenl ghltclq{nt` hrhl 6> vvm *6; me(m4), Aninm ontn ent hrhl >5 gni` ick`j

kc{nq an{` san{n, Vnan tsjs lh{mni anl ghltclq{nt` q`lee` hrhl aninm ontn ent

kc{un{ln gck`{snl lnmsl vnan ghltclq{nt` pnle a`jntìgnl slqsg vcleeslnnl

lh{mni un{ln `l` qàng qc{i`jnq,

Qnkci ;, >, Anqn Tònq O`t`g Hrhl

DNT *djcm`dni nktq{ndq lsmkc{) >66;:->3-?

Tq{sgqs{ H4

Kc{nq Mhicgsi 1500:;

Q`q`g Icicj *> nqm) ->>>0D

Q`q`g Aà`j ->055D

Tsjs G{`q`t->;>D

Qcgnlnl G{`q`t 31? nqm

Aclt`qnt *ent) F 6D ;>11 e(I

Aclt`qnt *i`~sà) ->:4D >35> e(I

_`tght`qnt i`~sà ->:4D >35 dv

Tsmkc{2 Iàc ;660

Vnan tsjs ->?0O hrhl qc{ghlacltnt` mclbna` dn`{nl kc{un{ln k`{s qsn pnle

msanj mcicang, Icangnl qc{tcksq anvnq a`v`ds hicj gnqni`t aninm bsminj tca`g`qknjnl h{enl`g esldnlenl nqnsvsl vc{sknjnl tsjs nqns qcgnlnl pnle q`kn-q`kn,

Hrhl jnmv`{ >4 gni` ick`j in{sq an{`vnan hgtècl aninm n`{ vnan qcgnlnl anl tsjs

tqnlan{, Hrhl aclenl msanj qc{acghmvht`t` gcmkni` mclbna` hgtècl pnle

mc{svngnl vcmkclqsglpn, Acghmvht`t` `l` tnlenq dcvnq qc{bna` aninm gcnannl

qc{anvnq `mvs{`q`ct *vclehqh{) tcvc{q` aninm n`{ lnmsl acghmvht`t` qc{tcksq

ick`j inmknq aninm n`{ aclenl gcms{l`nl q`lee` nqns aninm ontn ent, *Ihck ;660)

;,4,;,Mnlonnq Hrhl

Hrhl mc{svngnl hgtànqh{ gsnq pnle tcinmn `l` qcinj a`mnlonnqgnl slqsg

mclehlq{hi {ntn anl kns mclejìnlegnl un{ln mcles{n`gnl tclpnun h{enl`g

tc{qn mcla`t`locgt` m`g{hh{enl`tmc vnqhecl vnan n`{ anl san{n, Cocg hgtànt`

hrhl pnle gsnq `l` qcinj a`nmnq` aninm kc{knen` mndnm {cngt` knjgnl tckcism

{smst mhicgsi hrhl `qs tcla`{` a`qcmsgnl, Cocg vcmsq`j hicj hrhl a`mnlonnqgnl


28/83

>3


tcdn{n ghmc{t`ni aninm vclehinjnl esin anl vcmsq`jnl gn`l i`lcl, Vnan qnjsl

>:?: hrhl aèslngnl slqsg mcleghlc{t` dnmvs{nl knqskn{n-m`lpng mclbna`

v{hasg pnle anvnq a`mnlonnqgnl tcknen` dnq vc{l`t anl vcun{ln vngn`nl, Vnan

qnjsl >:56 a`vnqclgnl tsnqs vc{ninqnl vclejntì hrhl pnle anvnq mclejìnlegnl

kns tnis{nl vcmksnlenl, *[`dc anl Lcqrc{ >0:37 @gcjnqn cq ni, ;66:7 [ha{escr

cq ni, ;66:7 M`nh anl Qnh ;660)

J`leen qnjsl >061 hrhl qcinj a`mnlonnqgnl slqsg vclenucqnl tsts v{hasg

ane`le ecinq`l gntc`l anl niksm`l, V{htct pnle mci`knqgnl hrhl qcinj

a`gcmknlegnl slqsg vs{ò`gnt` anl vclsnnl m`lsmnl kc{nighjhi, Hrhl bsen

qcinj a`mnlonnqgnl tcknen` a`t`locgqnl tcicgqò aninm vcmksnqnl k`{ anl tn{` ksnj

nvci, Aninm kànle gcahgqc{nl eè` hrhl aèslngnl slqsg mclbnen nen{ msisqpnle tcanle a`hvc{nt` qcqnv tqc{ì, Aninm qc{nv` mca`t hrhl aèslngnl slqsg

mclehknq` gnlgc{ *mcleenkslegnl hrhl aclenl qc{nv` {na`nt`) enleesnl

vc{can{nl an{nj aninm kànle e`lcghihe` anl aninm qc{nv` hgtànt` jcmnqhecl`g

*mcle`lbcgt` dnmvs{nl hrhl anl hgtècl gc aninm ni`{nl an{nj), *[`dc anl

Lcqrc{ >0:3)

;,4,4,Hrhl slqsg A`t`locgt`

Hrhl qcinj inmn a`gclni tcknen` a`t`locgqnl pnle cocgqò slqsg mcmkslsj

kngqc{`, Gcmnmvsnl hrhl tcknen` a`t`locgqnl bnsj ick`j gsnq an{`vnan gih{`l anl

kcgc{bn 4,666 gni` ick`j dcvnq qnlvn mclejntìgnl v{hasg acghmvht`t` pnle

kc{knjnpn,Cocgq``qnt v{htct hrhlnt` slqsg a`t`locgt` kc{enlqsle vnan tckc{nvn

{clqnl m`g{hkn qc{tcksq qc{jnanv hrhl ungqs ghlqng nlqn{n m`g{hkn aclenl

hrhl anl ghltclq{nt` *aht`t) hrhl, *Thihmhl cq ni, >00:7 _hàn{hs cq ni, ;665)

Hrhl tcknen` a`t`locgqnl mcmì`g` kc{knen` gcick`jnl tcknen`

kc{`gsq*Thihmhl cq ni, >00:)2 Ick`j cocgqò aninm mcmkntm` `{st anl kngqc{` a`knla`legnl aclenl

gih{`l

Ungqs ghlqng pnle a`ksqsjgnl {cinqò t`legnq *tcg`qn{ >646 mcl`q) Qàng mclejntìgnl rnq t`tn pnle jn{st a`qnlenl` ick`j inlbsq gn{cln hrhl

dcvnq qc{acghmvht`t`


29/83

>?


[cinqò nmnl gn{cln hrhl aèclclc{nt` tcdn{n `lt`qs M`g{hh{enl`tmc qàng qsmksj gcmkni` tcqcinj hrhlnt`

Lnmsl hrhl bsen mcmì`g` kckc{nvn gcgs{nlenl nlqn{n in`l *Thihmhl cq

ni, >00:)2

Qàng cocgqò mcmkslsj kckc{nvn bcl`t gsmnl kngqc{` anl tvh{n b`gnaèslngnl aninm aht`t {clanj

V{htct a`t`locgt` aclenl hrhl ick`j ghmvicgt an{`vnan a`t`locgt` aclenlmcleeslngnl gih{`l nqns {na`nt` S_ tcj`leen mcmksqsjgnl vc{ninqnl

pnle dnlee`j anl ungqs ghlqng pnle co`t`cl

Tnlenq {cngqò anl gh{htò tcj`leen mcmc{isgnl mnqc{`ni pnle qnjnlqc{jnanv gh{ht`

Qàng cocgqò slqsg aèslngnl vnan n`{ pnle mcmì`g` gnlaslenl vnanqnlqc{tstvclt` KHA *K`hdjcm`dni Hzpecl Acmnla) DHA *Djcm`dni

Hzpecl Acmnla) nqns QHD *Qhqni H{enl`d Dn{khl) aninm bsminj q`lee`

Mcmksqsjgnl k`npn `lctqnt` anl vc{nunqnl pnle {cinqò q`lee` Qàng nan {ctàs pnle anvnq a`sgs{ slqsg mclslbsggnl gcnmvsjnl

a`t`locgt`

Hrhl mc{svngnl hgtànqh{ anl `{stàn *vcmkslsj `{st) pnle tnlenq gsnq,

Mcgnl`tmc a`t`locgt` aclenl hrhl mci`knqgnl hgtànt` inletsle(vclejnlds{nl

a`la`le tci anl mclpcknkgnl gckhdh{nl slts{(`t` tci {cngt` aclenl {na`gni an{`

v{hasg tnmv`le acghmvht`t` hrhl gc{stngnl ghmvhlcl ntnm lsgicnq *vs{`l

anl v`{`mà`l) nqns vcmsqstnl `gnqnl gn{khl-l`q{hecl tcj`leen qc{bna`

acvhi`mc{`tnt`, Gcq`gn hrhl qc{acghmvht`t` aninm n`{ {na`gni kcknt jà{hecl

vc{hgtàn *JH;) anl jà{hgtì *HJ) pnle qc{kclqsg mcmì`g` gnvnt`qnt hgtànt`

pnle tnlenq gsnq anl kc{vc{nl ngqò aninm v{htct a`t`locgt`, Tcdn{nsmsma`png`l` knjun kngqc{` jnlds{ gn{cln hgtànt` v{hqhvintmn pnle

mclpcknkgnl a`t`lqce{nt` a`la`le tci *i`t`t), *Thihmhl cq ni, >00:)

Mcgnl`tmc vc{stngnl tci kngqc{` hicj hrhl aninm v{htct a`t`locgt` anvnq

aì`jnq an{` ìstq{nt` vnan Enmkn{ ;,1 pnle qc{a`{` an{` qnjnv-qnjnv tcknen`

kc{`gsq *Icst`lg ;6>6)2


30/83

>5


>, Tci kngqc{` lh{mni aninm gcnannl sqsj,;, Qnmvìnl a`vc{kctn{ qnmvng mhicgsi hrhl *kc{un{ln k`{s) mclacgnq anl

qc{bna` ghlqng aclenl a`la`le(mcmk{nl tci, A`la`le tci mc{svngnl

ghmvhlcl `qni kngqc{` gn{cln ghmvhlcl `l` pnle mcmksnq h{enl`tmc

qc{tcksq anvnq mcmvc{qnjnlgnl kclqsglpn,

4, Gcq`gn mhicgsi hrhl ghlqng aclenl a`la`le tci tsnqs {cngt` hgtànt`qc{bna` anl mclpcknkgnl isknle vnan a`la`le tci,

1, Isknle pnle qc{kclqsg mclpcknkgnl gc{stngnl vnan kngqc{`,3, Mhicgsi hrhl qc{st mcmkclqsg isknle vnan a`la`le tci tcj`leen kngqc{`

msin` gcjìnlenl kclqsglpn,

?, Tcqcinj ghlqng aclenl {`ksnl mhicgsi hrhl aninm ungqs pnle {cinqòt`legnq a`la`le kngqc{` qàng mnmvs mcmvc{qnjnlgnl kclqsglpn anl tci

kngqc{` vsl mnq`,

Enmkn{ ;, 1, Mcgnl`tmc Vclejnlds{nl Tci Kngqc{` Hicj Hrhl

Tsmkc{2 Icst`lg ;6>6

Hrhl mnmvs mcla`t`locgt` kc{knen` kngqc{` e{nm-lcenqò pnle qc{gintò`gnt`

aninm tnqs gcint aclenl kngqc{` Z, h{prnc v, h{prnc tcvc{q` C, dhiànl

Tnimhlciin aclenl aht`t mnt`le-mnt`le 6;3 me(I tcinmn >? mcl`q anl 6;3

me(I tcinmn >?5 mcl`q aclenl q`legnq gcmnq`nl kngqc{` 000# aninm n`{,

Tcanlegnl vclci`q`nl hicj K{hnaunqc{ cq ni, mclslbsggnl knjun ghltclq{nt`
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31/83

>:


hrhl pnle mcmnq`gnl slqsg C,dhi` naninj 6>0 me(I slqsg ungqs ghlqng 3

mcl`q,Kngqc{` in`llpn pnle anvnq aà`t`locgt` hicj hrhl naninj Tqnvjpihdhdd`

aclenl aht`t >3 j`leen ;6 me(I7 kngqc{` Tq{cvqhdhddst 6; me(I aninm 46

acq`g anlKndìist dc{cst aclenl aht`t 6>; me(I aninm 3 mcl`q, *K{hnaunqc{ cq

ni, >0547 Uhha ;66:)

;,1,Rchi`q Ninm

Rchi`q *Rc`li`qjht) nqns kc{n{q` bsen knqsnl mclaà`j naninj gcihmvhg

m`lc{ni pnle mc{svngnl tninj tnqs bcl`t knjnl eni`nl lhl ihenm,M`lc{ni `l`

mc{svngnl g{`tqni nism`ln tì`gn pnle kc{tq{sgqs{ qèn a`mclt` tcvc{q` qc{i`jnq

vnan Enmkn{ ;,3 qc{kclqsg an{` qcq{njca{ni nism`ln anl tì`gn aclenl {hleen-

{hleen a` aninm pnle kc{`t` `hl-`hl ihenm k`ntnlpn nigni` nqns nigni` qnlnj anl

mhicgsi n`{ pnle anvnq kc{ec{ng kcknt,

Enmkn{ ;, 3, Qcq{njca{n Nism`ln Anl Tì`gn *QH1) Vnan Tq{sgqs{ Rchi`q

Tsmkc{2 Int ;66>

Tcdn{n cmv`{`t {smst mhicgsi rchi`q naninj Mz(lW*NiH;)z*T`H;)p] m J;H a`

mnln l naninj niclt` gnq`hl M *nigni`(nigni` qnlnj)7 z anl p naninj bsminj

qcq{njca{hl vc{ sl`q tci7 m naninj bsminj mhicgsi n`{ vc{ sl`q tci7 anl M naninj

gnq`hl nigni`(nigni` qnlnj, *Vsq{n ;6657 N{`ph ;66:)

Tnmvn` tnnq `l` ick`j an{` 36 m`lc{ni vcmkclqsg rchi`q ninm tsanj a`gcqnjs`qcqnv` jnlpn tcmkìnl a`nlqn{nlpn pnle tc{`le a`qcmsgnl pn`qs gi`lhvqìhi`q

mh{acl`q nlnit`m gjnknt`q c{`hl`q oc{`c{`q jcsinla`q insmhl`q anl oì`vt`q, An{`

jntì vclpcià`gnl pnle vc{lnj aìngsgnl bcl`t m`lc{ni rchi`q pnle qc{anvnq a`

@lahlct`n naninj mhac{l`q *Ln:*Ni:T`16H0?),;1J;H) anl gi`lhvqìhi`q

**Ln1G1)*Ni:T`16H0?),;1J;H), Vhqclt` rchi`q ninm a` @lahlct`n tnlenq kctn{ anl


32/83

>0


qc{tckn{ a` tcg`qn{ cmvnq vsisj ihgnt` smsmlpn mclenlasle {l`lc{ni qhqni pnle

kc{n{`nt`, Tcdn{n echihe`t rchi`q `l` mcmì`g` i`legslenl pnle kc{kcan

tcj`leen mcmì`g` v{htct vcmkclqsgnl anl gnlaslenl m`lc{ni pnle kc{kcan

vsin, Vc{kcannl gnlaslenl m`lc{ni nqns bcl`tlpn anvnq mcmvclen{sj`

vc{knla`lenl slts{ T`(Ni nqns tì`gn(nism`ln tcknen` slts{ vcmknlesl

sqnmn tq{sgqs{ gc{nlegn rchi`q anl vc{knla`lenl `l` ngnl mcmvclen{sj` tònq

an{` rchi`q qc{tcksq, Tcin`l bcl`tlpn pnle kc{kcan bsen ongqh{ isnt vc{msgnnl

tònq vh{ht`qnt nqns {hleen anl acjà{nt` vnan rchi`q anvnq mcmvclen{sj` anpn

tc{nvlpn, *Tcq`nunl ;66?7 Caap ;665)

;,1,>,Tq{sgqs{ Rchi`q

Rchi`q mcmì`g` tq{sgqs{ {nlegn pnle ihleen{ pnle mcle`lqc{v{cqnt`gnl vh{`-

vh{` vc{msgnnl rchi`q mcmvslpn` n{cn pnle dsgsv isnt, Oh{msin rchi`q tcdn{n

smsm aàntn{gnl vnan bsminj nqhm Nismsl`sm pnle a`lh{mni`tnt`gnl icqng

gnlaslenl tclpnun T`H; aninm g{`tqni rchi`q tc{qn n{`nt` bsminj gnlaslenl n`{,

Rchi`q smsmlpn a`tstsl hicj qèn ghmvhlcl sqnmn pn`qs2

Gnq`hl pnle a`vc{qsgn{gnl qc{anvnq aninm vh{`-vh{` vc{msgnnl rchi`q Gc{nlegn nism`ln-tì`gnq pnle kc{kclqsg g{`tqni Gnlaslenl n`{ pnle qc{icqng a` tcg`qn{ gnq`hl vnan vh{`-vh{` vc{msgnnl

rchi`q

Rchi`q ninm vnan antn{lpn mcmì`g` sl`q vclpstsl gc{nlegn pnle

a`gintò`gnt`gnl tcknen` kc{`gsq *T`mkhihl ;6657 N{`ph ;66:)2

>, Sl`q vclpstsl v{`mc{ *V{`mn{p Tq{sdqs{c)Tq{sgqs{ v{`mc{ tcvc{q` Enmkn{;,? a` knunj `l` kc{kclqsg qcq{njca{ni

aclenl nqhm T`1' nqns Ni4' tcknen` nqhm vstnq pnle a`gciì`le` tcbsminj

nqhm hgtècl, Tq{sgqs{ `l` mc{svngnl kclqsg sqnmn an{` q`nv rchi`q,

Enmkn{ ;, ?, Sl`q Vclpstsl V{`mc{

Tsmkc{2 N{`ph ;66:


33/83

;6


;, Sl`q vclpstsl tcgslac{ *Tcdhlan{p Tq{sdqs{c)Kclqsg an{` tq{sgqs{ `l` aàntn{gnl vnan bsminj qcq{njca{ni pnle anvnq

kc{enksle, Kclqsglpn anvnq kc{svn {nlqn` qsleeni nqns kc{dnknle tc{qn

{nlqn` mci`legn{ kc{svn d`ld`l qsleeni nqns d`ld`l enlan tcvc{q` vnan

Enmkn{ ;,5, Smsmlpn qcq{njca{ni pnle kc{enksle mc{svngnl qcq{njca{ni

aclenl nqhm vstnq tì`ghl,

Enmkn{ ;, 5, Sl`q Vclpstsl Tcgslac{

Tsmkc{2 N{`ph ;66:

;,1,;,Tònq Rchi`q

Rchi`q aclenl tq{sgqs{ qèn a`mclt` mcmì`g` vh{`-vh{` aclenl sgs{nl

qc{qclqs pnle mcmvslpn` {snle pnle qc{nqs{ anl kc{gct`lnmkslenl tcj`leenrchi`q mcmì`g` kckc{nvn tònq gjnt tcknen` kc{`gsq,

>, Rchi`q tcknen` Nath{kclRchi`q naninj mnqc{`ni nath{kcl pnle sl`g aninm gcnannl lh{mni {snle

jnmvn aninm g{`tqni rchi`q qc{`t` hicj mhicgsi n`{ kcknt pnle kc{nan a` tcg`qn{

gnq`hl, Kìn g{`tqni rchi`q a`vnlntgnl vnan tsjs 466-166 6D mngn n`{ qc{tcksq

ngnl gcisn{ tcj`leen rchi`q anvnq kc{oslet` tcknen` vclpc{nv ent nqns dn`{nl,

Isnt vc{msgnnl pnle qc{tca`n slqsg nath{vt` mcldnvn` kckc{nvn {nqst mcqc{gsna{nq vc{ e{nm tcj`leen kckc{nvn m`lc{ni rchi`q mnmvs slqsg mclpc{nv

ent tnmvn` tcknlpng 46# an{` kc{nq gc{`lelpn,Ongqh{-ongqh{ pnle

mcmvclen{sj` nath{vt` vnan vc{msgnnl rchi`q a`nlqn{nlpn naninj bcl`t

nath{knq sgs{nl mhicgsi nath{knq vhin{`qnt nath{knq isnt vc{msgnnl rchi`q

tsjsqcgnlnl tc{qn gcms{l`nl nath{kcl,


34/83

;>


;, Rchi`q tcknen` Vclsgn{ @hlVh{`-vh{` vc{msgnnl rchi`q mclenlasle `hl ehihlenl nigni` nqns nigni`

qnlnj pnle kc{ec{ng tcdn{n kcknt slqsg mclbnen gclcq{ninl msnqnl rchi`q,

@hl gnlaslenl rchi`q `l` anvnq a`vc{qsgn{gnl aclenl `hl an{` tclpnun in`l

qnlvn mcl`mksignl gc{stngnl vnan tq{sgqs{ g{`tqnilpn tcj`leen rchi`q anvnq

kc{oslet` tcknen` vclsgn{ `hl, Rchi`q tcknen` vclsgn{ `hl a`vclen{sj` hicj

msnqnl gnq`hl bcl`t nl`hl sgs{nl vh{`-vh{` vc{msgnnl anl bcl`t rchi`q tc{qn

tsjs vc{qsgn{nl, Vc{qsgn{nl gnq`hl `l` anvnq mclpcknkgnl vc{sknjnl

kckc{nvn tònq rchi`q tcvc{q` tònq nath{kt` ngq``qnt tcknen` gnqni`t anl

tqnkì`qnt qc{mni, Gcmnmvsnl rchi`q tcknen` vclsgn{ `hl ngnl

mc{cv{ctclqnt`gnl gcmnmvsnl rchi`q tcknen` knjnl vcle`gnq *khla`le

neclq), *T`mkhihl ;665)

4, Rchi`q tcknen` Gnqni`t(Vclpnleen Gnqni`tRchi`q knlpng aèslngnl tcknen` gnqni`t *nigni` rchi`q anl ndà`d rchi`q)

qc{sqnmn slqsg {cngt`-{cngt` g`m`n jà{hgn{khl, Vc{gcmknlenl rchi`q tcknen`

gnqni`t tnlenq vctnq a` mnln nunilpn rchi`q jnlpn a`nvi`gnt`gnl tcknen`

gnqni`t slqsg vclpsi`lenl m`lpng, Gcmsa`nl rchi`q a`mnlonnqgnl tcknen`

gnqni`t aninm v{htct vclehinjnl m`lpng anl tcinlbsqlpn rchi`q tcknen`gnqni`t a`gcmknlegnl aninm `lastq{`-`lastq{` g`m`n anl vcq{hg`m`n,

1, Rchi`q tcknen` Vclpn{`le MhicgsiRchi`q tcknen` vclpn{`le mhicgsi a`vclen{sj` hicj kctn{lpn {nt`h T`(Ni,

Tcmng`l kctn{ {nt`h T`(Ni-lpn mngn gcmnmvsnl rchi`q tcknen` vclpn{`le

mhicgsi tcmng`l kn`g anl anvnq mclpn{`le mhicgsi pnle kc{sgs{nl ick`j

gcdì, T`(Ni rchi`q ninm kc{g`tn{ nlqn{n ;-: qc{enlqsle bcl`t rchi`qlpn, B`gn

tsnqs dnmvs{nl a`ghlqnggnl aclenl rchi`q ninm mngn mhicgsi-mhicsikc{sgs{nl gcdì anvnq mci`lqnt tcanlegnl mhicgsi-mhicgsi kctn{ ngnl

qc{qnjnl vnan vh{`-vh{` rchi`q, *T`mkhihl ;665)

;,1,4,Gcmnmvsnl Rchi`q Mclenath{vt` Kngqc{`

Rchi`q ninm kc{tònq tcknen` nath{kcl anl vclpn{`le mhicgsi jni `l`

a`msleg`lgnl gn{cln tq{sgqs{ rchi`q pnle kc{hleen tcj`leen mnmvs mclpc{nv


35/83

;;


tcbsminj kctn{ mhicgsi pnle kc{sgs{nl ick`j gcdì nqns tctsn` aclenl sgs{nl

{hleenlpn, Tq{sgqs{ kc{hleen qc{tcksq mc{svngnl ng`knq vc{kcannl an{` kctn{lpn

a`nmcqc{ {snle a` nlqn{n kckc{nvn m`lc{ni anl tònq g`m`nlpn anvnq aì`jnq an{`

no`l`qnt esest nl`hl a` aninm {hleen rchi`q qc{jnanv gnq`hl pnle ngnl a`tc{nvlpn,

*Tcq`nunl ;66?7 Vsq{n ;665) Aclenl acm`g`nl vsin isnt vc{msgnnl g{`tqni

rchi`q pnle kctn{ anvnq mcicgnqgnl m`g{hh{enl`tmc tcvc{q` kngqc{`, *Uà`ntqsq` cq

ni, ;66:)

Ongqh{ in`llpn pnle mclasgsle gcmnmvsnl rchi`q mclenath{vt` kngqc{`

pn`qs `lqc{ngt` cicdq{`d ahskic inpc{ anl `lqc{ngt` jà{hohk`g, @lqc{ngt` cicdq{`d

ahskic inpc{ nlqn{n tci kngqc{` anl rchi`q anvnq a`qslbsggnl aclenl vclesgs{nl

vhqclt`ni rcqn, @lqc{ngt` `l` a`j`qsle aclenl tsnqs vc{tnmnnl vhqclt`ni `lqc{ngtà` mnln b`gn vhqclt`ni qc{tcksq gs{nle an{` lhi enpn qn{`g-mcln{`g ngnl

mclahm`lnt` tcj`leen tci kngqc{` anvnq qc{nath{vt` vnan rchi`q, Tckni`glpn b`gn

vhqclt`ni ick`j an{` lhi mngn enpn qhing-mclhing ngnl mcldcenj tci kngqc{`

mclacgnq` rchi`q gcdsni` b`gn clc{e` g`lcq`g tci dsgsv q`lee` slqsg mcick`j`

vclejninle vhqclt`ni, Tcanlegnl slqsg mclclqsgnl `lqc{ngt` jà{hohk`g qc{sqnmn

aèslngnl MNQJ *m`d{hk`ni najct`hl qh jpa{hdn{khl) nttnp, MNQJ nttnp

mc{svngnl mcqhac vclesb`nl gn{ngqc{`tnt` jà{hohk`t`qnt kngqc{` aclenlvclesgs{nl nkth{knlt` tvcgq{hohqhmcq{`g slqsg ghltclq{nt` tci aninm tstvclt`

pnle a`ghlqnggnl aclenl dn`{nl jà{hgn{khl, Vclci`q`nl mclslbsggnl knjun

rchi`q pnle mclenath{v kngqc{` vni`le kn`g dclac{sle jà{hohk`g a`knla`legnl

rchi`q in`llpn anl kngqc{` pnle qc{nath{vt` vni`le kn`g vnan rchi`q bsen

mclslbsggnl q`legnq jà{hohk`t`qnt pnle q`lee`, *Gskhqn cq ni, ;66:) Enmkn{nl

TCM *Tdnll`le Cicdq{hl M`d{htdhv`d) kngqc{` pnle qc{nath{vt` vnan rchi`q anvnq

qc{i`jnq vnan Enmkn{ ;,:,


36/83

;4


Enmkn{ ;, :, Qnmvìnl TCM Kckc{nvn Kngqc{` Pnle Qc{nath{vt` Vnan Rchi`q

Tsmkc{2 Gskhqn ;66:7 Uc` ;6>6

Vh{`-vh{` rchi`q pnle kctn{ mclpcknkgnl tvct` pnle kctn{ anvnq a`qnmvsle a`

vh{`-vh{` qc{tcksq tninj tnqslpn anvnq kc{svn tci jàsv tcvc{q` kngqc{`, Kngqc{`

kc{sgs{nl dsgsv kctn{ aclenl a`mclt` >m nqns ick`j tcj`leen qàng msnq a`

vh{` pnle gcdì, Kngqc{` mcmkclqsg ghihl` vnan mnqc{`ni qàng kc{vh{` mngn

qnmknjnl isnt vc{msgnnl pnle qc{bna` ng`knq nanlpn vh{`-vh{` vnan rchi`q anvnq

mclnmvsle anl mcmknlqs vc{gcmknlenl vhvsint` kngqc{` pnle ick`j kctn{,

Kckc{nvn kngqc{` pnle anvnq qc{nath{v hicj vh{`-vh{` rchi`q a` nlqn{nlpn pn`qs

Vtcsahmhlnt Kndìist Nd`lcqhkndqc{ _`k{`h Nrhqhkndqc{ Mpdhkndqc{`sm

Dh{plckndqc{`sm N{qj{hkndqc{`sm Znlqjhmhlnt L`q{hthmhlnt L`q{hkndqc{

anlNdq`lhmpdcqct, M`g{hh{enl`tmc in`llpn qc{mntsg osle` {ne` nien nqnsvsl

v{hqhrhn, *Mìic{ cq ni, >001)

;,1,1,Rchi`q Ninm Inmvsle

Tninj tnqs bcl`t rchi`q ninm pnle qcinj a`gclni anl a`mnlonnqgnl a` @lahlct`n

naninj rchi`q ninm Inmvsle *RNI), Rchi`q `l` mcmì`g` {smst mhicgsi Ln;01

G>43 Dn6?4 Me6;> Ni?;3 T`;051 H5;,;1J;H, Aclenl mci`jnq {smst mhicgsilpnrchi`q ninm Inmvsle mcmì`g` {nt`h T`(Ni pnle dsgsv q`lee`, Rchi`q ninm

Inmvsle aìnvh{gnl mnt`j mclenlasle rchi`q bcl`t nlnit`m tcknlpng >1#

mh{acl`q :# anl gi`lhvqìhi`q 5:#, Rchi`q ninm `l` qc{anvnq aninm bsminj

mci`mvnj a` @lahlct`n lnmsl mnt`j kcism a`mnlonnqgnl aclenl hvq`mni,

Gnlaslenl sqnmn rchi`q `l` mc{svngnl bcl`t m`lc{ni gi`lhvqìhi`q pnle mcmì`g`


37/83

;1


a`nmcqc{ {hleen dsgsv kctn{ b`gn a`knla`legnl aclenl bcl`t mhac{l`q *Nlee{n`l`

cq ni, ;66>) hicj gn{cln `qs bcl`t `l` ick`j dhdhg aèslngnl tcknen` mca`n

nath{kcl nqns ghltclq{nqh{ kngqc{`, Tq{sgqs{ tqc{chq`v gi`lhvqìhi`q anvnq aì`jnq

vnan Enmkn{ ;,0,

Enmkn{ ;, 0,Tq{sgqs{ Tqc{chq`v Gi`lhvqìhi`q

Tsmkc{2 Int ;66>

;,3,G`lc{bn Hrhl aclenl Rchi`q

Vclci`q`nl mclslbsggnl knjun rchi`q anvnq mclenath{vt` hrhl aninm bsminj

qc{qclqs tcj`leen mcmsleg`lgnl ghmk`lnt` qcglhihe` hrhl aclenl rchi`q, *Osb`qn

cq ni, ;661n7 Osb`qn cq ni, ;661k) An{` vclci`q`nl qc{tcksq a`qslbsggnl knjun

jskslenl gctcq`mknlenl nath{vt` a`qslbsggnl aclenl vc{tnmnnl i`lcn{ a` mnln

ghltqnlqnlpn kc{enlqsle vnan {nt`h T`(Ni anl tq{sgqs{ vh{`, Tcmng`l kctn{ {nt`h

T`(Ni tcmng`l kctn{ ghltqnlqn qc{tcksq, Rchi`q RTM-3 aclenl {nt`h T`(Ni 4666

mcmkc{` gnvnt`qnt nath{vt` qc{q`lee` slqsg hrhl pnle qc{in{sq aninm n`{ anl

mnmvs mcleghltclq{nt`gnl hrhl vnan kcanath{vt` g`{n-g`{n :6 gni` ick`j kn`g

a`knla`legnl vnan in{sqnl dn`{, Hrhl pnle qc{nath{vt` vnan rchi`q ick`j tqnkì

an{`vnan pnle qc{in{sq aninm n`{, Inbs acghmvht`t` hrhl pnle qc{nath{vt` qàng

kc{enlqsle vnan {nt`h T`(Ni vnan {clqnle 46-4666 nqns vnan in{sqnl aclenl lìn`

vJ 1-?, *Osb`qn cq ni, ;661n) Vclci`q`nl in`llpn hicj Osb`qn *;661) mclslbsggnl

knjun v{htct hrhlnt` slqsg vclehinjnl n`{ aclenl rchi`q tcknen` ghltclq{nqh{nath{vqò slqsg hrhl qc{in{sq aninm n`{ anl vhisqnl h{enl`g mclejntìgnl

vcl`legnqnl inbs {cngt` pnle tèlò`gnl, Acghmvht`t` q{`dih{hcqjclc *QDC) ick`j

kctn{ aclenl gckc{nannl rchi`q an{`vnan qnlvn rchi`q, *Osb`qn cq ni, ;661k)

Vclci`q`nl in`llpn hicj Cn O, Gn{nmnj *;66:) mclpcià`g` vclen{sj hrhl

tcknen` aòostc{ anl ghltclq{nt` rchi`q tcknen` khla`le neclqvnan v{htct oihqnt`


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;3


slqsg vclehinjnl i`mknj dn`{ pnle mclenlasle ihenm kc{nq, Vclci`q`nl `l`

mclslbsggnl knjun hrhl cocgqò aèslngnl tcknen` aòostc{slqsg v{htct oihqnt`

a` mnln v{ctclqnt` vcm`tnjnl ihenm kct` aclenl aòostc{san{n-hrhl *kn`g hrhl

an{` san{n mnsvsl hgtècl) mcldnvn` 005#7 ick`j kctn{ an{` vcm`tnjnl aclenl

aòostc{san{n mnsvsl san{n-hgtècl *06:# anl 035#), *Gn{nmnj cq ni, ;66:)

Vclci`q`nl hicj Nm`l *;6>6) mcmknla`legnl kckc{nvn bcl`t rchi`q slqsg

vclejìnlenl oclhi anl DHA aninm v{htct hrhlnt`, Jntìlpn mclslbsggnl

vclejìnlenl oclhi anl DHA ick`j q`lee` vnan tcmsn t`tqcm hrhl(rchi`q gcdsni`

vnan J-mhac{l`q anl t`tqcm qnlvn rchi`q, Vclejìnlenl oclhi jnmv`{ qàng

qc{enlqsle vnan n{`nt` tsjs tcanlegnl inbs ni`{ san{n-hrhl anl vJ dsgsv

kc{vclen{sj vnan inbs vclejìnlenl oclhi anl DHA, Jntì vclejìnlenl oclhimngt`msm a`vc{hicj vnan vJ 0 anl inbs ni`{ san{n-hrhl >3 I(mcl`q, Inbs

vclejìnlenl ick`j dcvnq vnan ;6 mcl`q nuni gcmsa`nl mcls{sl tcdn{n kc{qnjnv,

Tònq nath{kcl *jà{hoì`g(jà{hohk`g) ghltclq{nt` oclhi {nt`h T`(Ni anl sgs{nl

vh{` a`nleenv mclbna` ongqh{ in`l pnle mclclqsgnl gctctsn`nl rchi`q slqsg

acghmvht`t` knjnl h{enl`g, An{` vclci`q`nl `l` a`qslbsggnl knjun JRTM-3*:6)

mc{svngnl rchi`q pnle vni`le kn`g slqsg vclejìnlenl oclhi anl DHA aclenl

v{htct hrhlnt`, *Nm`l cq ni, ;6>6)Ghmk`lnt` hrhl aclenl rchi`q qcinj aèslngnl slqsg mclace{nant` kc{knen`

vhisqnl h{enl`g tcvc{q` oclhi qhiscln anl q{`gih{hcqcln, Rchi`q aninm v{htct

hrhlnt` `l` qc{sqnmn kc{vc{nl tcknen` ghltclq{nqh{ nath{vqò pnle mclpca`ngnl

vc{msgnnl {cngt` nlqn{n hrhl aclenl vhisqnl tcj`leen mcl`legnqgnl inbs {cngt`

anl mcl`legnqgnl cocgq``qnt ace{nant` vhisqnl, *Osb`qn cq ni, ;661k7 Djnh cq ni,

;6657 Nm`l cq ni, ;6>6) Mngn anvnq a`tcià`g` nvngnj vcleslnnl rchi`q aninm

v{htct hrhlnt` bsen kc{vclen{sj aninm v{htct a`t`locgt` kngqc{` anl tckc{nvntèlò`gnl vclen{sjlpn,

;,?,Nlni`t`t Cocgq``qnt A`t`locgt` Kngqc{`

Q`legnq cocgq``qnt a`t`locgt` kngqc{` Zhh anvnq a`nlni`tn aclenl mcingsgnl

vclej`qslenl gsnlq`qnt m`g{hkn qc{tcksq, Tcqànglpn qc{anvnq asn dn{n slqsg


39/83

;?


mcingsgnl vclej`qslenl gsnlq`qnt m`g{hkn pnle vc{qnmn pn`qs mcqhac j`qslenl

dnunl qhqni(qhqni vinqc dhslq*QVD) anl mcqhac qs{kà`qnt,

Mcqhac QVD aàntn{gnl vnan nleenvnl knjun tcq`nv tci pnle anvnq jàsv

ngnl kc{gcmknle k`ng mclbna` tnqs ghihl`, Bna` bsminj ghihl` pnle msldsi vnan

dnunl mclenlasle `lacgt kne` bsminj m`g{hh{enl`tmc pnle anvnq qc{gnlasle

aninm tnmvci, Pnle vc{is aìngsgnl aninm mcqhac `l` naninj mclecldc{gnl

tnmvci anl mcldnunlgnl jntì vclecldc{nl qc{tcksq, Tcqcinj `lgsknt` bsminj

mnt`le-mnt`le dnunl a`nmnq`, Slqsg mcmclsj` vc{tpn{nqnl tqnq`tq`g dnunl

pnle a`vì`j slqsg vcle`qslenl ghihl` naninj pnle mclenlasle nlqn{n 46-466

ghihl`, Gn{cln bsminj m`g{hh{enl`tmc aninm tnmvci qàng a`gcqnjs` tckcismlpn

mngn slqsg mcmvc{hicj tcgs{nle-gs{nlelpn tnqs dnunl pnle mclenlasleghihl` aninm bsminj pnle mcmclsj` vc{tpn{nqnl qc{tcksq jn{st aìngsgnl

tcac{cqnl vclecldc{nl anl vcldnunlnl, Bsminj h{enl`tmc pnle qc{anvnq aninm

tnmvci ntni a`qclqsgnl aclenl mcleeslngnl bsminj ghihl` pnle qc{kclqsg

aclenl ongqh{ vclecldc{nl vnan dnunl pnle kc{tnlegsqnl,

Tcanlegnl mcqhac qs{kà`mcq{`g mc{svngnl mcqhac vclesgs{nl gcgc{sjnl

k`ngnl aclenl ohqhghih{`mcqc{, Lnmsl nen{ anqn pnle a`vc{hicj vclesgs{nl `l`

anvnq a`lpnqngnl tcknen` ghltclq{nt` h{enl`tmc a`vc{isgnl tsnqs gs{n tqnlan{pnle mclpnqngnl gh{cint` nlqn{n gcgc{sjnl aclenl bsminj h{enl`tmc vc{ hismc

*mI) k`ngnl, Gs{n tcmndnm `l` a`vc{hicj aclenl dn{n mcleeslngnl mcqhac

QVD slqsg mcleeslngnl mcqhac j`qslenl h{enl`tmc a` aninm k`ngnl pnle

gcgc{sjnllpn a`gcqnjs`, Tcgni` gs{n k`ngnl `l` a`vc{hicj mngn tcbsminj k`ngnl

h{enl`tmc tcbcl`t anvnq aclenl dcvnq a`sgs{ gcgc{sjnllpn anl ghltclq{nt`lpn

tcec{n tcqcinj mcmkndn gs{n tqnlan{ qc{tcksq, Slqsg mcldnqnq hvq`dni aclt`qp

*HA) nqns # q{nltm`qnlt aèslngnl eninlhmcqc{, Mng`l kctn{ `lqclt`qnt dnjnpnn{qslpn tcmng`l tca`g`q bsminj tci aninm tstvclt`, Tckcism aèslngnl ninq

qc{tcksq jn{st a`gni`k{nt` qc{ick`j anjsis slqsg mclcqnvgnl >66# Q, Tcqcinj

a`gni`k{nt` mngn gcgc{sjnl tnmvci k`ngnl anvnq a`kndn aclenl mcln{sj qnksle

kc{`t` k`ngnl qc{tcksq gcaninm tnmvci ninq qc{tcksq, Mcinis` vc{j`qslenl lìn` #Q

gcmsa`nl a`sknj anl a`lpnqngnl tcknen` lìn` nkth{knlt *N) nqns {nvnq hvq`g

*hvq`dni aclt`qp nqns HA), *Uìan ;660)


40/83

;5Sl`vc{t`qnt @lahlct`n

KNK 4

MCQHAC VCLCI@Q@NL

4,>,A`ne{nm Ni`{ Vclci`q`nl

Vclci`q`nl pnle ngnl aìngsgnl anvnq aì`jnq an{` a`ne{nm ni`{ vclci`q`nl vnan

Enmkn{ 4,> tcknen` kc{`gsq,

Msin`

Vclpstslnl ninq

a`t`locgt`

Sb`

v{hasgq``qnt

Gsiqs{ anl

vc{t`nvnl

tstvclt` kngqc{`

Zhh

V{cvn{nt` rchi`q

ninm

Gn{ngqc{`tnt`

rchi`q ninm

Ghlqnm`lnt` n`{ tnmvci

aclenl kngqc{` Zhh

A`t`locgt` aclenl

hrhl

Vclenmkìnl tnmvci

Vclnmknjnl rchi`q gc

aninm n`{ tnmvci

A`t`locgt` aclenl

hrhl - rchi`q

_n{`nt` ungqs

`lgsknt`

_n{`nt` aht`t

hrhl

Vclenmkìnl tnmvci

Nlni`tn tnmvci

Tcictn`

Enmkn{ 4, >, A`ne{nm Ni`{ Vclci`q`nl


41/83

;:


Vclci`q`nl `l` kc{qsbsnl slqsg mclclqsgnl vclen{sj ungqs `lgsknt` anl aht`t

hrhl vnan vcleeslnnl rchi`q ninm slqsg a`t`locgt` jnmn vna` kngqc{`

Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v, h{prnc *Zhh) aclenl v{htct hrhlnt`, Vclci`q`nl `l`

aìngsgnl a` Inkh{nqh{`sm @lqcltò`gnt` V{htct tc{qn Inkh{nqh{`sm [cgnpntn

K`hv{htct Acvn{qcmcl Qcgl`g G`m`n Ongsiqnt Qcgl`g Sl`c{t`qnt @lahlct`n,

Tcanlegnl nlni`t`t bsminj kngqc{` aclenl mcqhac QVD *qhqni vinqc dhslq)

aìngsgnl a` Ink, Qcgl`g Vclpcjnqnl anl I`legslenl Acvn{qcmcl Qcgl`g T`vì

Ongsiqnt Qcgl`g Sl`c{t`qnt @lahlct`n,

Vclci`q`nl a`msin` aclenl mclpstsl vc{ninqnl pnle ngnl aèslngnl tcknen`

unanj v{htct a`t`locgt`, Nanvsl tckcism aìngsgnl a`t`locgt` aclenl hrhl vc{is

aìngsgnl sb` v{hasgq``qnt slqsg mclecqnjs` aht`t hrhl pnle aèslngnl,Tcinlbsqlpn aìngsgnl v{cvn{nt` anl gn{ngqc{`tnt` rchi`q ninm Inmvsle pnle ngnl

aèslngnl, V{cvn{nt` rchi`q kc{qsbsnl slqsg mcmkc{t`jgnl rchi`q an{` vclehqh{

anl mclengq`nt`lpn nen{ t`nv aèslngnl, Vnan vclci`q`nl `l` rchi`q a`v{cvn{nt`

aclenl q{cnqmclq tcm`l`mni msleg`l pn`qs aclenl vcldsd`nl anl vcmnlntnl

vnan tsjs >;6D, V{htct v{cvn{nt` rchi`q `l` anvnq aìngsgnl kc{tnmnnl v{htct

gsiqs{ anl vc{t`nvnl tstvclt` kngqc{`, Gsiqs{ nqns vcmk`ngnl

kngqc{`Zhhaìngsgnlvnan mca`n PADN *pcntq aczq{htc dn{khlnqc nen{) slqsgmc{cmnbngnl kngqc{` tc{qn mcmvc{hicj gsiqs{ kngqc{` Zhhpnle ick`j ms{l`,

Tcin`l `qs bsen a`ksnq tstvclt` kngqc{` aninm mca`n dn`{ IK * indqhtc k{hqj) slqsg

mcmvc{hicj k`ngnl kngqc{` aninm bsminj knlpng anl t`nv a`vngn` slqsg v{htct

a`t`locgt`, Tstvclt` qc{tcksq a`dnmvs{gnl vnan n`{ pnle ngnl aèslngnl tcknen`

tnmvci pnle a`mhacignl tcknen` n`{ `{ènt` qnlnmnl vna` pnle qc{ghlqnm`lnt`

kngqc{` Zhh, V{htct a`t`locgt` aìngsgnl kc{n{`nt` pn`qs jnlpn mcleeslngnl

hrhl anl aclenl hrhl-rchi`q a` mnln tnmvci a`nmkì tckcism hrhlnt` anltcqcinj a`hrhlnt` tcq`nv 3 mcl`q >3 mcl`q 46 mcl`q 13 mcl`q anl ?6 mcl`q,Vnan

a`t`locgt` mcleeslngnl hrhl-rchi`q rchi`q a`qnmknjgnl vnan n`{ tnmvci anl

aà`nmgnl tcinmn ungqs qc{qclqs *a``lgsknt`gnl) tckcism aìngsgnl v{htct

a`t`locgt`, Ungqs `lgsknt` pnle aèslngnl naninj > bnm ; bnm >; bnm anl ;1

bnm, N`{ tnmvci an{` gcasn vc{ingsnl aninm a`t`locgt` a`nmkì slqsg mcingsgnl

nlni`tn qc{jnanv bsminj kngqc{` tckcism anl tctsanj v{htct a`t`locgt` aclenl

mcleeslngnl mcqhac QVD *qhqni vinqc dhslq),


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4,;,Tgcmn Ninq Vclci`q`nl

Tgcmn ninq pnle ngnl aèslngnl aninm vclci`q`nl `l` anvnq aì`jnq tcvc{q`

vnan Enmkn{ 4,; kc{`gsq,

Ghmv{cth{

Oihumcqc{

[cngqh{

*Ghihm oihqnt`)

Kskkic{

Hrhlnqh{

Enmkn{ 4, ;, Tgcmn Ninq Vclci`q`nl

Hrhlnqh{ pnle aèslngnl mc{svngnl hrhlnqh{ bcl`t v`vn ghngt`ni tjcii nla

qskc {nldnlenl V{ho, A{, @{, Tcq`bh K`tmh ACN anl Na` Isgmnlqh, Hrhlnqh{

a`hvc{nt`gnl aclenl smvnl san{n vnan qcenlenl i`tq{`g >:6 hiqanl n{st 6>:-

6;6 nmvc{c, Qnksle hrhlnqh{ qc{ksnq an{` knjnl nd{pi`d(V_D pnle aàninmlpnqc{anvnq cicgq{han anl a`cicgq{`glpn qc{ksnq an{` tqn`lictt tqcci, Cicgq{han `l`

a`jskslegnl aclenl tsmkc{ i`tq{`g qcenlenl q`lee`, N{st i`tq{`g mntsgnl *`lvsq)

ngnl a`ln`ggnl qcenlenllpn hicj q{nltoh{mc{ tcj`leen mclejntìgnl qcenlenl

pnle q`lee`, San{n pnle mclenlasle hgtècl kc{ntni an{` ghmv{ctth{ a`ni`{gnl

mclsbs hrhlnqh{ mcinis` ent oihumcqc{, A` aninm hrhlnqh{ dnmvs{nl ent *san{n

hgtècl anl hrhl) ngnl mcleni`{ an{` kne`nl nqnt gc kne`nl knunj hrhlnqh{ anl

tcinlbsqlpn mntsg gc aninm t`tqcm,

Unanj pnle aèslngnl mc{svngnl ghihm oihqnt` kc{gnvnt`qnt 1 I kc{knjnl

nd{pi`d q{nltvn{nl slqsg mcmsanjgnl vclenmnqnl, Ghihm oihqnt` qc{tcksq

aèslngnl tcknen` {cngqh{ nqns tcknen` unanj a`t`locgt` n`{ tnmvci pnle

mclenlasle kngqc{`, A` kne`nl nqnt ghihm qc{anvnq gcisn{nl mclsbs kskkic{

*hrhlc q{nv) pnle kc{oslet` slqsg mclehlqnggnl hrhl aclenl in{sqnl G@ slqsg

anvnq mclecqnjs` gnlaslenl hrhl ontn ent pnle ihiht an{` ghihm oihqnt`,


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4,4,_n{`nkci Aninm Vclci`q`nl

Vclci`q`nl `l` a`knqnt` hicj kckc{nvn vn{nmcqc{ kc{svn n{`nkci kcknt

n{`nkci ghlq{hi anl n{`nkci qc{`gnq, Nanvsl n{`nkci-n{`nkci pnle qc{anvnq

aninm vclci`q`nl `l` naninj tcknen` kc{`gsq,

4,4,>,_n{`nkci Kcknt

_n{`nkci kcknt naninj n{`nkci pnle a`n{`nt`gnl aclenl kctn{ lìn`

qc{qclqs, _n{`nkci kcknt aninm vclci`q`nl `l` pn`qs aht`t hrhl aclenl knt`t

inbs ni`{ smvnl san{n anl ungqs `lgsknt` kngqc{` vnan rchi`q,

4,4,;,_n{`nkci Ghlq{hi

_n{`nkci ghlq{hi naninj n{`nkci pnle a`gclani`gnl nqns a`ksnq aninm

gcnannl ghltqnl, _n{`nkci ghlq{hi aninm vclci`q`nl `l` pn`qs ghlt`tqclt`

rchi`q anl ghltclq{nt` kngqc{` pnle aèslngnl,

4,4,4,_n{`nkci Qc{`gnq

_n{`nkci qc{`gnq naninj n{`nkci pnle qc{bna` ng`knq nanlpn n{`nkci

kcknt, _n{`nkci qc{`gnq aninm vclci`q`nl `l` pn`qs bsminj kngqc{` pnle qc{t`tn

tcqcinj aà`t`locgt` aclenl hrhl aninm tnqsnl DOS(mI,

4,1,Ninq anl Knjnl Vclci`q`nl

Aninm vclci`q`nl slqsg a`t`locgt` kngqc{` Z, h{prnc v, h{prnc aclenl v{htct

hrhlnt` anl rchi`q `l` aèslngnl kc{knen` mndnm ninq anl knjnl tcknen` kc{`gsq,

4,1,>, Ninq

Vnan Qnkci4,> kc{`gsq `l` qc{anvnq {`ld`nl vc{ninqnl pnle aèslngnl aninm

vclci`q`nl `l` pn`qs2

Qnkci 4, >,Anoqn{ Ninq Pnle Aèslngnl Aninm Vclci`q`nl

Lh, Ninq Oslet`

>, Ghihm Oihqnt` Tcknen` {cngqh{ vnan v{htct a`t`locgt`;, Eclc{nqh{ Hrhl Mclejntìgnl hrhl slqsg v{htct a`t`locgt`4, Oihu Mcqc{ Mclehlq{hi ni`{nl san{n an{` hrhlnqh{ mclsbs {cngqh{1, Kskkic{ Mcleni`{gnl hrhl gc in{sqnl G@ vnan v{htct nlni`t`t3, Ecint sgs{ Ninq slqsg mclenmkì in{sqnl aninm bsminj qc{qclqs?, C{iclmcpc{ Unanj vcldnmvs{nl in{sqnl5, Dhih{`mcqc{ Slqsg mclecqnjs` ghltclq{nt` hrhl qc{in{sq aninm tnmvci:, Ks{cq 36 dd Ninq knlqs aninm v{htct q`q{nt`0, Tqnq`v Ninq knlqs aninm v{htct q`q{nt`

>6, Tqhvunqdj Mclej`qsle ungqs ghlqng aninm v{htct hrhlnt`


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Qnkci 4,> *inlbsqnl), Anoqn{ Ninq Pnle Aèslngnl Aninm Vclci`q`nl

>>, Kcngc{ eintt Unanj vcldnmvs{nl in{sqnl>;, Gndn N{ihb` Unanj slqsg mcl`mknle

>4, Qnksle [cngt` Qcmvnq vclecldc{nl in{sqnl>1, Q`mknlenl Mclesgs{ kc{nq knjnl anl tnmvci>3, vJ mcqc{ anl vJ

`la`dnqh{

Ninq slqsg mclesgs{ vJ tnmvci

>?, Nsqhgino Qcmvnq tqc{ì`tnt` ninq anl knjnl>5, Dnunl Vcq{` Qcmvnq vcmk`ngnl kngqc{`>:, Tvnqsin Ninq slqsg mclenmkì kngqc{` ( rnq pnle a`vc{isgnl>0, Ksltcl Mcmnlntgnl vc{ninqnl pnle ngnl aèslngnl nen{ tqc{ì;6, Q{nltoc{ khz Qcmvnq mcingsgnl mcqhac QVD;>, @lgsknqh{ Qcmvnq mcle`lgsknt` kngqc{`;;, [co{èc{nqh{ Qcmvnq mclp`mvnl kngqc{` anl tnmvci

;4, Jhq vinqc tq`{{c{ Mcmnlntgnl mca`sm nen{ slqsg QVD;1, V`vcq Mclenmkì tcbsminj hismc in{sqnl;3, M`d{hv`vcq Mclenmkì tcbsminj hismc in{sqnl pnle gcdì *>666 i);?, Q`v Mclenmkì tnmvci aninm v{htct QVD;5, Hcl Mcmnlntgnl rchi`q anl tqc{ì`tnt` vc{ninqnl;:, Nis anl Ismvnle Slqsg mcmvc{gcdì sgs{nl rchi`q ninm;0, Ninq vclpn{`le *mctj) Mclpn{`le rchi`q46, Ninq Gn{ngqc{`tnt` KCQ Mclegn{ngqc{`tnt` kngqc{` vnan tnmvci4>, Bn{sm Htc(Knqnle tq{`g Mclenmkì tnmvci kngqc{`4;, Act`gnqh{ Slqsg mclp`mvnl rchi`q pnle tsanj a`v{cvn{nt` nen{ qc{j`lan{

an{` snv n`{,

4,1,;,Knjnl

Knjnl-knjnl pnle aèslngnl vnan tnnq vclci`q`nl naninj tcknen` kc{`gsq2

Qnkci 4, ;,Anoqn{ Knjnl Pnle Aèslngnl Aninm Vclci`q`nl

Lh, Knjnl Oslet`

>,@thinq kngqc{`

Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v,

h{prnc

Kngqc{` pnle ngnl a`ghlqnm`lnt` vnan n`{ slqsggcmsa`nl a`hrhlnt` anl a`j`qsle bsminjlpn

slqsg mclecqnjs` q`legnq cocgq``qnt a`t`locgt`

;, Nen{ Slqsg mcmksnq mca`n PADN4, Aczq{htc Slqsg mcmksnq mca`n PADN1, Cgtq{ng {ne` *pcntq) Slqsg mcmksnq mca`n PADN

3,Gnit`sm gn{khlnq

*DnDH4)Slqsg mcmksnq mca`n PADN

?, N`{ acm`lTcknen` vcin{sq slqsg mcmksnq mca`n nen{ anl

slqsg mcmksnq tnmvci5, Rchi`q ninm Inmvsle Tcknen` ghltclq{nqh{(nath{kcl vnan v{htct

a`t`locgt`:, [cneclq Hrhl Slqsg mclecqnjs` hrhl pnle qc{in{sq aninm n`{

tnmvci


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Qnkci 4,; *inlbsqnl), Anoqn{ Knjnl Pnle Aèslngnl Aninm Vclci`q`nl

0, In{sqnl G@ 6> L Knjnl aninm v{htct q`q{nt`>6, Ln;T;H4,3J;H 6663 M Knjnl aninm v{htct q`q{nt`

>>, J;TH1 ; L Knjnl aninm v{htct q`q{nt`>;, @la`gnqh{ gnlb`*nmìsm)

@la`gnqh{ slqsg mcmknlqs v{htct q`q{nt`

4,3,Qnjnv Gsiqs{ Kngqc{`

Qnjnv `l` aìngsgnl slqsg mclanvnqgnl gsiqs{ kngqc{` Zhhaninm bsminj

pnle dsgsv knlpng slqsg anvnq a`nmnq` gn{ngqc{`tq`glpn tckcism anl tctsanj

a`t`locgt`, Vnan qnjnv `l` kngqc{` a`k`nggnl vnan mca`n nen{ anl aninm mca`n

dn`{ kc{svn tstvclt`(in{sqnl `lasg,

4,3,>, V{htcas{ Gsiqs{ Kngqc{`

Mca`n pnle aèslngnl aninm vc{j`qslenl bsminj ghihl` kngqc{` aclenl

mcqhac QVD naninj mca`n PADN *pcntq aczq{htc dn{khlnqc nen{), Qnjnvnl

vcmksnqnl mca`sm nen{ naninj tcknen` kc{`gsq2

>, Mcldnmvs{gnl ksksg nen{ tcknlpng pnle a`vc{isgnl *qngn{nl ;6 e{nmslqsg n~snactq tcknlpng > i`qc{ a`mnln tnqs dnunl vcq{` mnmvs

mclnmvsle tca`g`qlpn >3 mI in{sqnl lsq{`cl nen{ tcknen` qcmvnq

vc{gcmknlek`ngnl m`g{hkn) aclenl cgtq{ng {ne` *pcntq) >6 e{nm anl

DnDH4 ;6 e{nm gcmsa`nl aìn{sqgnl aclenl n`{ 366 mI,

;, Mcin{sqgnl aczq{htc tcknlpng ;6 e{nm aninm n`{ 366 mI,4, Mcldnmvs{gnl gcasn in{sqnl tnmkì mclenasg slqsg mcmntq`gnl DnDH4

mc{nqn,

1, Mclaà`jgnl in{sqnl qc{tcksq aclenl tsjs ;66hD3, Mcltqc{ì`tnt` in{sqnl aclenl nsqhgino tcinmn >3 mcl`q,

Tcqcinj a`vc{hicj mca`n PADN aìngsgnl qnjnv vcmk`nggnl kngqc{`

tcknen` kc{`gsq2

>, Mclp`nvgnl dn`{nl PADN aclenl hismc 3 mI aninm dnunl vcq{` inismcmkni`g dnunl tcinmn 3 mcl`q nvnkìn dn`{nl tsanj mclec{nt

;, Mclp`nvgnl tnmvci ms{l` kngqc{`4, Mclp`nvgnl bn{sm htc(knqnle tq{`g aclenl mcltqc{ìgnllpn a`nqnt nv`

Ksltcl j`leen kc{v`bn{(mcmkn{n inis mcla`le`lgnllpn aninm dn`{nl


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nighjhi 56#, Gcmsa`nl mcmnlntgnl gcmkni` bn{sm htc aclenl dn{n

mcicunq` lpnin nv` tci`lqnt tnbn,

1, Mclenmkì tca`g`q tnmvci kngqc{` ms{l` aclenl bn{sm htc(knqnle tq{`ggcmsa`nl mclehictgnllpn vnan mca`n nen{ vnanq tcdn{n rè-rne

3, Mclp`mvnl mca`n PADN pnle qcinj a`hict gc aninm `lgsknqh{ vnantsjs ;: hD tcinmn ;1-1: bnm

?, Mcm`lanjgnl ghihl` pnle qsmksj gc aninm mca`n m`{`le aclenl dn{ntc{svn,

Slqsg mcmvc{hicj k`ngnl kngqc{` pnle t`nv aèslngnl slqsg a`t`locgt`

a`ksnq tstvclt`(in{sqnl `lasg kc{`t` k`ngnl kngqc{`Znlqjhmhlnt h{prnc v,

h{prnc aclenl dn{n tcknen` kc{`gsq2

>, Mclp`nvgnl mca`n dn`{ slqsg tstvclt` kc{svn ksksg IK *indqhtc k{hqj)pnle aìn{sqgnl aninm ngsnact tcknlpng pnle a`vc{isgnl *qngn{nl >4

e{nm slqsg >666 mI ngsnact)

;, Mcltqc{ìgnl in{sqnl aclenl nsqhgino tcinmn >3 mcl`q, Mcla`nmgnlj`leen tsjs qs{sl tcqn{n tsjs {snlenl,

4, Mclp`nvgnl k`ngnl kngqc{` mclenmkì tca`g`q k`ngnl kngqc{` aclenlbn{sm htc pnle qcinj a`tqc{ìgnl inis mcldcisvgnllpn gc aninm in{sqnl

IK, Mclesinle inlegnj `l` tcbsminj pnle a`vc{isgnl,

1, Mclehdhg in{sqnl mcleeslngnl mnelcq`d tq`{{c{ pnle qcinj a`tqc{ìgnlnen{ in{sqnl jhmhecl,

3, Mc

Pengaruh Waktu Inkubasi dan Dosis Ozon pada Disinfeksi Hama Bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae...

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Transcript of Pengaruh Waktu Inkubasi dan Dosis Ozon pada Disinfeksi Hama Bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae...