i

TUGAS AKHIR

DASAR-DASAR PROGRAM PERENCANAAN

DAN PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR

PEKALONGAN BASKETBALL ARENA

Diajukan Untuk Melengkapi Persyaratan Mencapai Derajat S-1

Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Muhamaadiyah Surakarta

Disusun Oleh:

RIFQI AUFAR ZUL HILMI

D300130041

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2017

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DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENILAIAN ......................................................................................... iii

KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ v

DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xi

DAFTAR DIAGRAM .......................................................................................... xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1

1.1 Pengertian Judul ..................................................................... 1

1.2 Latar Belakang ....................................................................... 2

1.3 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................. 3

1.4 Tujuan dan Sasaran ................................................................ 4

1.4.1 Tujuan ......................................................................... 4

1.4.2 Sasaran........................................................................ 4

1.5 Lingkup Pembahasan ............................................................. 4

1.6 Metode Penelitian .................................................................. 4

1.7 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................ 6

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................. 7

2.1 Pengertian Bola Basket .......................................................... 7

2.2 Sejarah Bola Basket ............................................................... 7

2.2.1 Sejarah bola basket di dunia ....................................... 7

2.2.2 Sejarah bola basket di Indonesia ................................ 8

2.3 Peraturan Resmi Bola Basket Menurut FIBA ........................ 9

2.3.1 Pemain ........................................................................ 9

2.3.2 Petugas lapangan ...................................................... 10

2.3.3 Lapangan .................................................................. 10

2.3.5 Peralatan pendukung ................................................ 14

2.4 Klasifikasi bangunan GOR Menurut SNI ............................ 18

2.5 Persyaratan dan Standar Bangunan GOR Menurut SNI ...... 19

2.5.1 Fasilitas penunjang ................................................... 19

2.5.2 Kompartemenisiasi penonton ................................... 22

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2.5.3 Tribun penonton ....................................................... 23

2.5.4 Sirkulasi pengunjung ................................................ 25

2.5.5 Tata cahaya ............................................................... 26

2.5.6 Lantai ........................................................................ 26

2.6 Studi Kasus Basketball Arena .............................................. 26

2.6.1 DBL Arena Surabaya ............................................... 27

2.6.2 Kindarena Sports Center, France ............................ 28

2.6.3 Kesimpulan ............................................................... 33

2.7 Arsitektur Kontemporer ....................................................... 33

2.7.1 Arsitektur kontemporer di Indonesia ........................ 34

2.7.2 Prinsip dasar arsitektur kontemporer ........................ 35

2.8 Studi Kasus Arsitektur Kontemporer ................................... 35

2.8.1 Rupp Arena ............................................................... 35

2.8.2 Guangzhou Opera House, China .............................. 36

2.8.3 Kesimpulan ............................................................... 38

BAB III TINJAUAN LOKASI ............................................................................. 39

3.1 Tinjauan Umum Kota Pekalongan ....................................... 39

3.2 Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Pekalongan ................. 41

3.3 Tinjauan Khusus Lokasi Site ............................................... 42

3.3.1 Kecamatan Pekalongan Barat ................................... 42

3.3.2 Kecamatan Pekalongan Timur ................................. 44

3.4 Indikator Pemilihan Lokasi .................................................. 46

3.5 Gagasan Perancangan .......................................................... 48

BAB IV ANALISIS PENDEKATAN KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN

PERANCANGAN ................................................................................................ 50

4.1 Analisa Makro ...................................................................... 50

4.1.1 Lokasi terpilih........................................................... 50

4.1.2 Analisa Pencapaian................................................... 51

4.2 Analisa Mikro ...................................................................... 52

4.2.1 Analisa matahari ....................................................... 53

4.2.2 Analisa sirkulasi ....................................................... 54

4.2.3 Analisa vegetasi ........................................................ 56

4.2.4 Analisa view ............................................................. 58

4.3 Analisa Fungsional ............................................................... 59

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4.3.1 Analisa pengguna dan kegiatan ................................ 59

4.3.2 Analisa Besaran Ruang ............................................ 64

4.4 Konsep Perancangan ............................................................ 68

4.4.1 Konsep zonifikasi dan tata massa ............................. 69

4.4.2 Tampilan fasad ......................................................... 70

4.4.3 Interior ...................................................................... 72

4.4.4 Analisis penghawaan ................................................ 73

4.4.5 Analisis pencahayaan ............................................... 77

4.5 Analisis Struktur dan Utilitas ............................................... 81

4.5.1 Analisis struktur ....................................................... 81

4.5.2 Analisis konstruksi ................................................... 83

4.5.3 Sistem jaringan air bersih ......................................... 85

4.5.4 Sistem jaringan air kotor .......................................... 85

4.5.5 Sistem jaringan listrik ............................................... 86

4.5.6 Sistem proteksi kebakaran ........................................ 87

DAFAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................. 89

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Klasifikasi dan penggunaan GOR ........................................................... 18

Tabel 2. Ukuran minimal gedung olahraga dalam meter ...................................... 19

Tabel 3. Kapasitas penonton ................................................................................. 19

Tabel 4. Fasilitas tiap unit ruang ganti atlet .......................................................... 20

Tabel 5. Fasilitas tiap unit ruang ganti pelatih dan wasit ...................................... 20

Tabel 6. Kelengkapan ruang pijat ......................................................................... 20

Tabel 7. Kelengkapan ruang P3K ......................................................................... 21

Tabel 8. Kelengkapan toilet penonton .................................................................. 21

Tabel 9. Kebutuhan luas gudang ........................................................................... 22

Tabel 10. Kesimpulan hasil studi kasus ................................................................ 33

Tabel 11. Kesimpulan hasil studi kasus ................................................................ 38

Tabel 12. Pembagian wilayah administratif Kota Pekalongan ............................. 40

Tabel 13. Tabel penentuan alternatif site .............................................................. 47

Tabel 14. Pelaku dan kegiatan Pekalongan Basketball Arena .............................. 60

Tabel 15. Program ruang ....................................................................................... 64

Tabel 16. Kebutuhan area fungsional.................................................................... 68

Tabel 17. Tipe AC unit indoor .............................................................................. 74

Tabel 18. Analisis penghawaan ruangan ............................................................... 76

Tabel 19. Jenis lampu ............................................................................................ 79

Tabel 20. Analisis pencahayaan ruang .................................................................. 80

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Posisi Petugas lapaangan ..................................................................... 10

Gambar 2. Ukuran lengkap lapangan basket......................................................... 11

Gambar 3. Daerah bersyarat .................................................................................. 12

Gambar 4. Daerah tembakan untuk mencetak angka ............................................ 12

Gambar 5. Papan pantul ........................................................................................ 13

Gambar 6. Ring basket .......................................................................................... 14

Gambar 7. Jam pertandingan ................................................................................ 14

Gambar 8. Papan angka......................................................................................... 15

Gambar 9. Shot clock atau jam 24 detik ................................................................ 15

Gambar 10. Stopwatch .......................................................................................... 16

Gambar 11. Scoresheet.......................................................................................... 16

Gambar 12. Papan foul pemain ............................................................................. 17

Gambar 13. Penunjuk team foul ............................................................................ 17

Gambar 14. Panah alternating posession .............................................................. 18

Gambar 15. Tribun tipe lipat ................................................................................. 23

Gambar 16. Tribun tipe tetap ................................................................................ 23

Gambar 17. Ukuran pemisah arena dengan tribun ................................................ 24

Gambar 18. Ukuran tempat duduk tribun ............................................................. 24

Gambar 19. Tata letak tempat duduk tribun.......................................................... 25

Gambar 20. Bagan sirkulasi pengunjung .............................................................. 25

Gambar 21. Gedung DBL Arena di Surabaya ...................................................... 27

Gambar 22. Interior DBL Arena ........................................................................... 28

Gambar 23. Kindarena Sports Center ................................................................... 28

Gambar 24. Denah lantai 1.................................................................................... 29

Gambar 25. Denah lantai 2.................................................................................... 30

Gambar 26. Site plan dan perspektif ..................................................................... 30

Gambar 27. Potongan ............................................................................................ 31

Gambar 28. (a) Fasad sisi tenggara (b) fasad sisi barat laut.................................. 32

Gambar 29. (a) Arena olahraga utama (b) Ticket box ........................................... 32

Gambar 30. Interior hall, resepsionis, dan ruang ganti ......................................... 32

Gambar 31. Rupp Arena ........................................................................................ 36

Gambar 32. Guangzhou Opera House pada malam hari ...................................... 37

Gambar 33. Pola struktural Guangzhou Opera House .......................................... 37

Gambar 34. Peta orientasi Kota Pekalongan ......................................................... 39

Gambar 35. Peta administratif Kota Pekalongan .................................................. 40

Gambar 36. Peta RTW Kota Pekalongan .............................................................. 42

Gambar 37. Peta alternatif site 1 dan 2 ................................................................. 43

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Gambar 38. Alternatif site 1 .................................................................................. 43

Gambar 39. Alternatif site 2 .................................................................................. 44

Gambar 40. Peta alternatif site 3 ........................................................................... 45

Gambar 41. Alternatif site 2 .................................................................................. 45

Gambar 42. Existing site 1 .................................................................................... 48

Gambar 43. Existing lokasi ................................................................................... 50

Gambar 44. Existing pencapaian site .................................................................... 51

Gambar 45. Rencana perletakkan pintu masuk dan keluar ................................... 52

Gambar 46. Existing matahari ............................................................................... 53

Gambar 47. Aplikasi penggunaan low e-glass ...................................................... 54

Gambar 48. Sirkulasi network............................................................................... 55

Gambar 49. Sirkulasi dalam site ........................................................................... 56

Gambar 50. Existing vegetasi ................................................................................ 56

Gambar 51. Konsep vegetasi peredam kebisingan ............................................... 57

Gambar 52. Rencana penggunaan vegetasi pada site ............................................ 57

Gambar 53. Existing view pada site ...................................................................... 58

Gambar 54. Point of view pada site ....................................................................... 59

Gambar 55. Zonifikasi GOR Basket ..................................................................... 69

Gambar 56. Rencana tatanan massa ...................................................................... 70

Gambar 57. Sirkulasi network............................................................................... 70

Gambar 58. Sketsa ide gedung utama lapangan indoor ........................................ 71

Gambar 59. Tampilan fasad gedung lapangan indoor .......................................... 72

Gambar 60. Interior Golden 1 Center, Sacramento............................................... 72

Gambar 61. Entrance hall Dongguan Basketball Stadium .................................... 73

Gambar 62. Interior foodcourt Matthew Knight Arena.......................... 73

Gambar 63. Cross ventilation secara perbedaan letak dan elevasi ....................... 73

Gambar 64. Exhaust fan ........................................................................................ 74

Gambar 65. Kipas angin ........................................................................................ 74

Gambar 66. Titik terjauh dari sumber cahaya ....................................................... 78

Gambar 67. Pondasi tiang pancang ....................................................................... 82

Gambar 68. Pondasi footplate ............................................................................... 82

Gambar 69. DePaul Arena, US ............................................................................. 83

Gambar 70. Konstruksi lantai elastis tidak fleksibel ............................................. 83

Gambar 71. Lapisan lantai lapangan indoor ......................................................... 84

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DAFTAR DIAGRAM

Diagram 1. Sistem distribusi air bersih .................................................................. 85

Diagram 2. Sistem jaringan sanitasi ....................................................................... 86

Diagram 3. Sistem jaringan drainase ..................................................................... 86

Diagram 4. Sistem distribusi jaringan listrik ......................................................... 87

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ABSTRAK

Kota Pekalongan adalah salah satu kota pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi di

Jawa Tengah yang berbatasan dengan Laut Jawa di utara, Kabupaten Batang di

timur, serta Kabupaten Pekalongan di sebelah selatan dan barat. Pekalongan

memiliki 4 SMA Negeri dan beberapa SMA Swasta yang berprestasi dalam bidang

olahraga basket, antara lain merebut juara Dulongmas se-Jateng, juara 2 Nuvo Cup

se-Jateng, SMA 3 meraih juara 2 putra dan juara 3 putri UPS Cup, juara 1 POM

region III tahun 2015, juara 1 Samatra Cup, juara 2 Porprov, juara 1 Piala Rektor

Unnes, Juara 2 Nasional tingkat SMA regu putri. Selain itu Pekalongan juga

memiliki event tahunan antar SMP maupun SMA yang ikut menyumbang pemain

untuk tingkat Kota, yaitu Smaga Cup, Walikota Cup, Pekan Olahraga Pelajar

Daerah, Smanka Cup, Bernadus Cup, dan 3 on 3. Prestasi tersebut tidak diimbangi

dengan fasilitas yang diberikan oleh Pemkot untuk menunjang kegiatan basket.

Keadaan GOR yang tidak memenuhi standar serta kondisinya yang tidak terawat

mengakibatkan para atlet tidak nyaman dalam melaksanakan latihan maupun event

yang diselenggarakan. Bahkan saat ini banyak sekolah-sekolah dan club baru yang

berlatih dengan fasilitas yang kurang memadai atau berlatih di tempat-tempat yang

kurang representatif, sehingga hal tersebut dapat menghambat perkembangan

prestasi basket di Kota Pekalongan. Pekalongan Basketball Arena merupakan

perencanaan desain yang diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut.

Tujuan dari PBA ini adalah menciptakan arena basket berstandar internasional

dengan konsep asritektur kontemporer yang dapat mewadahi event besar dan

mencukupi kebutuhan para atlet, team club, serta penggemar basket agar dapat

melaksanakan latihan rutin, menonton pertandingan, serta melakukan kegiatan

apapun yang berhubungan dengan dunia basket.

Kata kunci: Pekalongan, basketball arena, kontemporer

xv

ABSTRACT

Pekalongan City is one of the economic growth centers in Central Java

bordering with the north sea of Java, Batang regency in the east side, and

Pekalongan regency in the south and west side. Pekalongan has 4 public high

schools and several private high schools which are really good in basketball, such

as winning the Dulongmas champion in Central Java, 2nd winner of Nuvo Cup in

Central Java, 1st winner of POM region III in 2015, 1st winner of Samatra Cup,

2nd winner of Porprov, 1st winner of Unnes Rector Cup, 2nd winner of National

Champion of high school level for women team, Senior High School 3 got 2nd

winner for men and 3rd winner for women in UPS Cup. Besides that, Pekalongan

also has an annual event between junior high school and senior high school which

are contributed basketball players to the city level, such as Smaga Cup, Walikota

Cup, Pekan Olahraga Pelajar Daerah, Smanka Cup, Bernadus Cup, and 3 on 3.

That achievements are not matched by the facilities provided by the government to

support the basketball. The sport center condition that is not occupy the standards

and not maintained resulting in athletes are not comfortable in carrying out the

exercises and events are held. Moreover, there are many schools and new clubs are

practicing with inadequate facilities or practicing in less representative places, so

that it can hamper the development of basketball achievements in Pekalongan City.

Pekalongan Basketball Arena is a planning design that is expected to solve the

problem. The goal of the PBA is to create an international-standard basketball

arena with a contemporary concept that can accommodate great events and fulfill

the needs of athletes, club teams, and basketball fans in order to carry out routine

exercises, watch games, and do any activities related to the basketball world.

Keywords: Pekalongan, basketball arena, contemporary