paskal fonteni

evropis gaerTianebis axali idea

Sumanis deklaracia - 1950-2000

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sarHevi

Sesavali• evropa mSvidobisa da demokratiis samsaxurSi• istoriuli warmateba• samomavlo amocanebi• Tanamegobrobis meTodis aqtualuroba

I - Sumanis gegma: omisSemdgomi periodis problemebis gamoxmaureba• istoriuli foni• Jan mones ideebi• 1950 wlis 9 maisis deklaracia• evropis qvanaxSiris mompovebeli da foladis

mwarmoebeli qveynebis gaerTianebis damfuZne-beli xelSekrulebis momzadeba

II - Sumanis gegma: evropis Tanamegobrobis dabadeba• evropis pirveli Tanamegobrobis novatoruli

principebi• evropis qvanaxSiris mompovebeli da foladis

mwarmoebeli qveynebis gaerTianeba — pirveli qva saerToevropul SenobaSi

III - kiTxvebi XXI saukunis evropas• gafarToebis mimdinare procesi: samSvidobo

investicia evropaSi• Zlieri, demokratiuli evrokavSiris instituci-

uri reforma• evropis moqalaqeTa usafrTxoebis dasacavad

Hamoyalibebuli politikuri kavSiri

daskvna:moqalaqe - evropuli proeqtis mTavari sazrunavi

danarTebi• 1950 wlis 9 maisis deklaracia• umTavresi TariRebi evropis integraciis istoriaSi

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evropa mSvidobisa da demokratiis samsaxurSi

evropis Tanamegobrobam Tavisi 50-e wlisTavi izeima.

1950 wlis 9 maiss robert Sumanma dasabami daudo istoriul movlenas — germaniis federaciul respublikasa da evropis sxva saxelmwifoebs miawoda idea, SeeqmnaT mSvidobiani interese-biT gaerTianebuli Tanamegobroba. amiT man xeli gauwoda guSindel mtrebs da bolo mouRo omiT mot-anil sasowarkveTilebasa da warsulis mZime tvirTs. garda amisa, Sumanma saer-TaSoriso urTierTobebSi sruliad axlebur process daudo dasabami - SesTavaza xangrZlivi istoriis mqone erebs, TavianTi suverenitetis gaer-TianebiT erToblivad daebrune-binaT gavlena, romelic cal-calke arc erTs aRar hqonda.

evropis gaerTianebis saqme mas Semdeg dRiTidRe win miiwevs. is me-20 saukunis yvelaze mniSvnelovani wamowyebaa da axali imedi axali sau-kunis mijnaze. am wamowyebas safuZvlad daedo ramdenime saxelmwifo moR-vawis SorsmWvreteluri idea. meore msoflio omis mware gamocdilebis wyalobiT am adamianebma gadawyvites, evropis xalxebs Soris xangrZlivi mSvidobis pirobebi daemyarebinaT. es idea mudmiv aRorZinebas da ganviTa-rebas ganicdis, rasac xels uwyobs im problemebis gadaWris aucilebloba, romlebTan Sejexebac Hvens qveynebs ase xSirad uwevT.

albaT, aravis SeeZlo ewinaswarme-tyvela demokratiisa da mSvidobisaken is uzomo swrafva, romelmac bolos berlinis kedeli dasca, centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis xalxebs sakuTar bedze pasuxismgebloba daubruna da evropis mowyobis ideas axli ganzo-mileba SesZina.

istoriuli warmateba

mesame aTaswleulis dasawyisSi 50 wliT ukan gaxedva gviHvenebs, rom evropuli integracia istoriul warmatebas warmoadgens. manamde erT-maneTis mimarT mtrulad ganwyobil da sisxlismRvrel omebSi HarTul qvey-nebs dRes saerTo fuladi erTeuli, evro, aqvT da TavianT ekonomikur da komerciul interesebs saerTo insti-tutebis meSveobiT agvareben.

TavianT uTanxmoebebs evropelebi mSvidobiani gzebiT da samarTlebrivi normebis gamoyenebiT Wrian da yvela-saTvis misaReb gadawyvetilebebs eZe-ben. wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris urT-ierTobaSi aRar arsebobs sxvebTan SedarebiT upiratesobisa da diskrimi-naciis suliskveTeba; am saxelmwifoebma Tanamegobrobis oTx instituts - evro-kavSiris sabWos, parlaments, komisiasa da marTlmsajulebis sasamarTlos - miandes maTi konfliqtebis mogvarebis, evropelTa ZiriTadi interesis gansaz-Rvrisa da saerTo politikis gatarebis pasuxismgebloba.

Sesavali

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adamianebis cxovrebis done mniS-vnelovnad amaRlda, bevrad ufro metad, vidre SesaZlebeli iqneboda, yoveli qveynis erovnul ekonomikas rom ar miscemoda saSualeba, esarge-bla saerTo bazris Seqmnisa da vaWro-bis gaaqtiurebis Sedegad warmoebis masStabis gazrdiT.

adamianebs Tavisuflad SeuZliaT moZraoba, xolo studentebs muSaoba evrokavSiris mTel teritoriaze. ukve Haeyara safuZveli saerTo ucxour da Tavdacvis politikas da wamowyebulia moZraoba saerTo politikis misaRebad socialur, regionul, garemos dacvis, kvlevisa da transportis sferoebSi.

ekonomikuri integracia yovel-dRiurad wina planze wevs politikuri erTobis saWiroebas da gvibiZgebs misken. saerTaSoriso doneze evroka-vSirs xelT upyria sul ufro mzardi zegavlena, romelic Seesabameba mis eko-nomikur mniSvnelobas, mis moqalaqeTa cxovrebis dones, mis adgils diplo-matiur, komerciul da monetarul forumebze.

evropis Tanamegobrobis siZliere momdinareobs demokratiisa da ada-mianis uflebaTa sferoSi saziaro faseulobebidan, romlebic kavSirSi Semaval xalxebs aerTianebs; evrokav-Sirma SeinarHuna kulturaTa, enebisa da tradiciebis mravalferovneba, rome-lic mas gansakuTrebul saxes sZens.

evrokavSiris transatlantikurma solidarobam da misi modelis mimzid-velobam saSualeba misca gaerTianebul evropas, winaaRmdegoba gaewia total-itarizmis wnexisTvis da moex-dina samarTlebrivi normebis konsolidi-reba. evropis Tanamegobroba waagavs Suquras im qveynebis miswrafebebisTvis, romlebic kavSiris winsvlas interesiT akvirdebian, rameTu amoZravebT sur-vili, gaaerTianon aRorZinebis gzaze mdgari TavianTi demokratiuli sax-elmwifoebi anda Tavidan aaSenon dan-greuli ekonomika.

15 wevri saxelmwifosgan Semdgari

evrokavSiri dRes awarmoebs molapara-kebas gawevrianebis axal talRasTan dakavSirebiT centraluri da aRmosav-leT evropis 10 qveyanasTan, agreTve, maltasa da kviprosTan. Semdgom etapze dadgeba kavSirSi yofili iugosla-viis qveynebisa da evropis sxva qvey-nebis gaerTianebis sakiTxic. pirvelad Tavisi xangrZlivi istoriis manZil-ze kontinenti apirebs saerTo mSvi-dobisa da Tavisuflebis garemoSi Tanaarsebobas.

Tanamegobrobis ganviTareba Zalian mniSvnelovania msoflio wonasworo-bis TvalsazrisiT da uzarmazar zegav-lenas moaxdens evropis urTierTobaze amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan, ruseT-Tan, aziasa da laTinur amerikasTan. ukve dRes evropa aRar aris mxolod Zala, romelmac daimkvidra adgili msoflioSi — is mSvidobisa da ada-mianis uflebaTa dacvis gziT mimaval xalxTa orientiri da imedia.

rogor SeiZleba aseTi seriozu-li warmatebis axsna? aris ki is xan-grZlivad HabeWdili kontinentis istoriaSi, sakmarisad fesvgadgmuli koleqtiur mexsierebaSi? aris ki is nebismieri Sidaevropuli omis Tavidan acilebis qmediTi saSualeba?

samomavlo amocanebi

Tumca Tanamegobrobis arseboba na-xevarsaukunovan istorias iTvlis, evropelebs jer kidev didi gza aqvT gasavleli sakuTari Tavis analizis sferoSi — ra aris is ZiriTadi faseu-lobebi, romlebsac isini erTgule-ben, da ra saSualebebiT SeiZleba am faseulobebis dacva? rogor SeiZleba kavSiris ganviTareba, raTa maqsimu-made iqnes miyvanili erTobis safuZ-velze warmoSobili siZliere, oRond ise, rom ar moxdes calkeuli wevri qveynebis im individualuri xasiaTi-sa da Tvisebebis xelyofa, romlebic Hveni erovnebebis, regionebisa da kulturebis simdidres warmoadgens?

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erTad vivliT momavlisken im bunebri-vi harmoniis wyalobiT, romelic xels uwyobs 15 wevr saxelmwifos Soris kon-sensusis damyarebas, Tu unda vaRiaroT Seusabamoba Hvens globalur midgomebs Soris da ganvasxvavoT integraciisken mimavali Hveni nabijebi? awesebs Tu ara evropis Tanamegobroba limits im dros, roca amdeni nacia - central-uri, aRmosavleT evropis da balka-neTis axali demokratiuli saxelmwi-foebi, TurqeTi – survils gamoTqva-men, SemouerTdnen gaerTianebis pro-cess? rogor SegviZlia yvela qveyana SeviyvanoT kavSirSi da ganvacdevinoT maT evropuli erTianobis grZnoba, romelic bevrad metia ubralo sol-idarobaze? rogor SegviZlia, ufro davuaxlovoT evropis TiToeuli moqa-laqe kavSiris institutebs da mivceT SesaZlebloba, gaecnos da gaiTavisos erTiani evropis idea, romelic didi xnis ganmavlobaSi mxolod diplo-matebis msjelobis sagani da saxelm-wifo moxeleTa saqme iyo?

es principuli xasiaTis kiTxvebia da SeuZlebelia maTTvis Tavis arideba, Tuki ar gvinda, rom HixSi moveqceT; swored am ZiriTad kiTxvebze pasuxebi ganapirobebs im uamravi specifiuri da teqnikuri sakiTxis gansazRvras, romelTa realuri gadaWra yoveldRi-urad uwevT evropis Tanamegobrobis samomavlo perspeqtivaze mzrunvel adamianebs.

evropis xalxebisaTvis sakiTxi martivad dgas: an isini gaagrZeleben organizebul Zalad qcevis process, gaaerTianeben TavianT siZlieres, raTa mTelma msofliom miugdos yuri, Seecdebian demokratiis ideis dam-kvidrebas da daicaven Tavis ekonomi-kur da strategiul interesebs — aseT SemTxvevaSi evropa gaxdeba wonasworo-bisa da zomierebis faqtori hiperin-dustrializebul ZalTa da im qveynebs Soris urTierTobaSi, romelTa ganvi-Tareba HamorHeba am Zalebisas. winaaR-mdeg SemTxvevaSi evropis xalxebi ver

moaxerxeben, srulad gaacnobieron im realur faseulobaTa sidiade, romleb-sac isini iziareben, da, Sesabamisad, ver moaxerxeben TavianTi saerTo intere-sebis saTanadod da srulyofilad dacvas. am SemTxvevaSi yoveli qveynis ekonomikis roli dava, ase vTqvaT, qve-kontraqtorobamde, xolo momxmare-belTa cxovrebis done daecema. evro-pa, ubralod geografiuli erTeuli, aRmoHndeba gareSe ZalTa zegavlenis sferoSi da es Zalebi daakisreben mas maTze damokidebulebisa da damcavi meqanizmebiT uzrunvelyofis safa-surs.

Tanamegobrobis meTodis aqtualuroba

axal instituciur process dasabami daudo 1999 wlis 11 dekembers evro-puli sabWos helsinkis sxdomaze miRe-bulma gadawyvetilebam, mowveuliyo mTavrobaTaSorisi konferencia, romlis erT-erTi mizani iqneboda SeTanxmebebis SemuSaveba im pirobebTan dakavSirebiT, romelTa saSualebiTac gazrdili (20 wevrze metis Semcveli) evrokavSiri normalur funqcionire-bas moaxerxebda.

Tanamegobroba, romelsac 50 weli Seusrulda, aqtivobis centrs war-moadgens. swori ganviTarebis imedTan erTad arsebobs warumateblobis safrTxec.

ismis kiTxvebi: evropa mxolod savaWro zona iqneba Tu msoflio masStabis moTamaSe? teqnokratiuli evropa Tu demokratiuli evropa? evropa, sadac yoveli adamiani TavisTvis icxovrebs, Tu evropa, romelic izrunebs Tavis moqalaqee-bze?

Tanamegobrobis meTodi, romelsac amdeni seriozuli amocana xvdeba, amdeni gaurkveveli sakiTxis gadaWra uwevs, da romelsac safuZvlad wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris arsebuli dia-

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logi da delegirebuli Zalauflebis mqone saerTo institutebi udevs, iseve aqtualuria, rogorc yovelT-vis. swored aman gaxada SesaZlebeli 50 wlis win evropis qvanaxSiris mompov-ebeli da foladis mwarmoebeli qvey-nebis gaerTianebis (ECSC) Seqmna, rasac mohyva evropis ekonomikuri Tana-mSromlobisa (EEC) da atomuri ener-giis dargSi evropis TanamSromlobis (Euratom) organizaciebis daarseba, erTiani evropuli aqtis miReba, maas-trixtisa da amsterdamis xelSekru-lebebis dadeba. evropis xalxebs Soris urTierTobebi, romlebic am meTodzea damyarebuli, yoveldRiurad axal Sedegebs gvaZlevs. uaxloes momavalSi

ki meTodma SeiZ-leba gansakuTrebu-li roli iTamaSos evropelTa winaSe wamoWrili umTavresi problemebis gadaWraSi.

evrokavSiris struqturis dam-aarsebeli principebi ar aris mxolod instituciuri meqanikis sakiTxi. Tanamegobrobis suliskveTebas dasabami Hauyares da ganaviTares sax-elmwifo moRvaweebma, romelTac, upirveles yovlisa, amoZravebdaT mis-wrafeba, aeSenebinaT adamianebis sam-saxurSi Hamdgari evropa, da romelT-aTvisac gaerTianebuli evropis idea civilizaciis ganviTrebis saSualeba iyo. Sumanis deklaracia dResac `„axali ideaa evropisTvis”.

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istoriuli foni

situaciis droebiTi Semsubuqeba, rac, Hveulebriv, mohyveba xolme sao-mari moqmedebebis dasrulebas, ar Sexebia evropelebs. meore msoflio omis dasrulebidan sul male warmo-iSva mesame - aRmosavleTsa da dasav-leTs Soris - msoflio omis saSiSro-eba. 1947 wlis 24 aprilis moskovis kon-ferenciis (romelic germanul sakiT-xebs exeboda) warumateblobam daarw-muna dasavleTi, rom sabWoTa kavSiri, erT-erTi mokavSire nacizmis winaaR-mdeg brZolaSi, sul male dasavleTis demokratiisTvis safrTxis wyaro gax-deboda. 1947 wlis oqtomberSi komin-formis, msoflios komunisturi par-tiebis koaliciis, Hamoyalibebam, 1948 wlis 25 Tebervals momxdarma, Hexo-slovakiaSi komunistebis dominirebis ganmapirobebelma praRis saxelmwifo gadatrialebam, Semdeg ki 1948 wlis berlinis blokadam, romelic germani-is orad gayofis mimaniSnebeli iyo, kidev ufro daZaba situacia. 1949 wlis 4 aprils amerikis SeerTebul Stateb-Tan atlantikuri paqtis xelmoweriT dasavleT evropis qveynebma safuZveli Hauyares TavianT koleqtiur usafr-Txoebas. magram 1949 wlis seqtemberSi afeTqebulma pirvelma sabWoTa atom-urma bombma da kremlis liderebis mxridan muqaris swrafma zrdam xeli Seuwyo daZabulobisa da sayovelTao SiSis klimatis gavrcelebas, rac „civi omis” saxeliT aris cnobili.

dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris gaHenili mtrobis centrSi aRmoHnda germaniis federaciuli respubli-kis (romelic Tavis Sida politikas damoukideblad marTavda 1949 wlis 23 maiss ZiriTadi kanonmdeblobis miRebis dRidan) statusi.

SeerTebuli Statebis survili iyo kontinentis gulSi ganlagebuli sax-elmwifos ekonomikis aRdgena, vaSing-tonSi ukve gaismoda mowodebebi dam-arcxebuli samxedro Zalebis xelaxali SeiaraRebis Sesaxeb. frang diploma-tebs ver gadaewyvitaT dilema: isini an unda damorHilebodnen Zaldatanebas amerikis mxridan da, sazogadoebrio-bis TvalSi, daTanxmebuliyvnen ger-maniis Zalis aRdgenas rursa da saarze, an mtkiced unda damdgariyvnen Tavisi mTavari mokavSiris sawinaaRmdego poziciaze da HixSi moeqciaT Tavisi urTierToba bonTan.

1950 wlis gazafxulze robert Sumans, safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs, amerikelma da britanelma partniorebma daakisres sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis misia: mas unda SeemuSa-vebina winadadeba, romelic germaniis federaciul respublikas daabrunebda dasavleTis qveynebis ojaxSi. sami qvey-nis mTavrobaTa Sexvedra 1950 wlis 10 maisisTvis daigegma; safrangeTs ukve aRar SeeZlo pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan acileba.

politikurad gamouval situacias ekonomikuri problemebic daerTo. evropis mTeli rigi qveynebis mier foladis warmoebis masStabi gana-piro-bebda Warb warmoebasTan dakav-Sire-buli krizisis gaHenas. moTxovna mcirdeboda, fasebi klebulobda da Hndeboda niSnebi imisa, rom konkuren-ciis gamkacrebis mizniT omebs Soris periodis „mWedlis” tradiciebis erT-guli mwarmoeblebi aaRorZinebdnen kartels. rekonstruqciis fazis SuagulSi evropis saxelmwifoebis eko-nomikebs ar SeeZloT ganze darHena da Tavisi mrewvelobis ZiriTadi dargebis datoveba spekulaciisa Tu organize-buli deficitis anabara.

I - Sumanis gegma: omisSemdgomi periodis

problemebis gamoxmaureba

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Jan mones ideebi

siZneleTa qselidan Tavis daRwevis mizniT (raSic tradiciuli diploma-tia uZluri aRmoHnda) robert Sumanma mimarTa im adamianis gamomgoneblur genias, romelmac, Tumca ucnobi iyo farTo sazogadoebisTvis, xangrZli-vi da mravalferovani saerTaSoriso moRvaweobis ganmavlobaSi gansakuT-rebuli gamocdileba miiRo. Jan mone, romelsac daekisra safrangeTis mo-dernizebis gegmis SemuSaveba, 1945 wels daniSna Sarl de golma qveynis ekonomi-kis aRsadgenad. igi erT-erTi yvelaze gavleniani evropeli iyo dasavleTis samyaroSi. pirveli msoflio omis dros mone saTaveSi Haudga mokavSireTa SeiaraRebuli Zalebis erTiani moma-ragebis struqturebs. Jan mone, erTa

ligis generaluri mdivnis moadgile, bankiri SeerTebul StatebSi, dasavleT evropasa da HineTSi, iyo prezident ruzveltis erT-erTi mrHeveli da gamarjvebis im programis arqiteqto-ri, romelic amyarebda amerikis samx-edro Zalis upiratesobas. SeuzRudavi politikuri uflebamosilebis mqone mone konsultaciebs uwevda mTavro-bebs da moixveWa iseTi pragmatikosis reputacia, romlis upirveles saz-runavs efeqturoba warmoadgenda.

frangma ministrma Tavis prob-lemebiT Jan mones miaSura. kiTxva „rogor moviqceT germaniasTan dakav-SirebiT?” umTavresi sazrunavi iyo robert SumanisTvis, qristianisaT-vis, romelsac amoZravebda mizani, eRona yvelaferi imisaTvis, rom erT-xel da samudamod moespo yvelanairi

Jan mone da robert Sumani.

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SesaZlebloba momavalSi kidev erTi omisa or qveyanas Soris.

amasobaSi martiniakis quHaze, komis-ariatis SenobaSi, Jan mone Tavis gund-Tan erTad muSaobda imave sakiT-xis gadawyvetaze. misi ZiriTadi safiq-rali saerTaSoriso politika iyo. monem icoda, rom „civi omi” evropa-Si or did Zalas Soris konkurenciis Sedegi iyo, xolo gaxleHili evropa - saSiSroebis wyaro. evropaSi erTiano-bisken ltolva Seasustebda daZabulo-bas. Jan mone cdilobda, moefiqrebina saerTaSoriso donis iseTi iniciativa, romelic SeZlebda situaciis Semsubu-qebas da msoflioSi mSvidobis damyare-bas, Tuki aRniSnul procesSi saTanado rols aRorZinebuli, ganaxlebuli evropa Seasrulebda.

Jan monem kargad icoda integraciis sxvadasxva warumatebeli mcdelobis Sesaxeb, romlebic mohyva kontinentis gaerTianebisadmi miZRvnil kongress (1948 weli, haaga).

1948 wels Seqmnil evropis ekonomi-kuri TanamSromlobis organizacias mxolod koordinirebis misia ekisra da sruliad uZluri iyo, SeeHerebina im evropuli qveynebis ekonomi-kuri aRorZineba, romlebic mkacrad erovnul WrilSi icvlidnen mimar-Tulebas. 1949 wlis 5 maiss evrosab-Wos Hamoyalibebam gamoavlina, rom mTavrobebi ar iyvnen mzad TavianTi prerogativebis dasaTmobad. sakon-sultacio organoebs hqondaT mxolod saTaTbiro Zala da yoveli maTi gadaw-yvetileba, romlisTvisac xma unda mieca umravlesobis or mesameds, SeiZleboda saministro komitetis vetos qveS moq-ceuliyo.

Jan mones esmoda, rom yovlismom-cveli instituciuri struqturis wamoyenebis naHqarevi mcdeloba gamoi-wvevda sxvadasxva qveynis protests da dasaRupavad iqneboda ganwiruli. jerjerobiT adre iyo suverenitetis farTomasStabiani gadacemis dagegmva.

adamianebs jer kidev kargad axsovdaT omi, erovnuli grZnobebic isev gamZaf-rebuli iyo.

warmateba damokidebuli iyo miznebis SezRudvaze specifiur sfe-roebamde, raSic didi roli unda eTamaSa fsiqologiur zemoqmedebas, da gadawyvetilebaTa erToblivad mim-Rebi meqanizmis SemoRebaze; am meqanizms SemdgomSi TandaTanobiT mieniWeboda damatebiTi pasuxismgeblobebi.

1950 wlis 9 maisis deklara-cia

1950 wlis aprilis bolos Jan monem da misma Tanamoazreebma Seadgines sul ramdenime gverdisgan Semdgari dokumen-tis proeqti; proeqtSi Hamoyalibebuli iyo im winadadebis arsi da xorcSesxmis samomavlo nabijebi, romelsac radi-kalurad unda Seecvala tradiciuli diplomatia. davalebis Sesrulebis dawyebisas Sesabamisi saministroebis departamentebisgan Hveulebrivi kon-sultaciebis miRebis nacvlad Jan monem gansakuTrebul konspiracias mimarTa, raTa Tavidan aecilebina garantire-buli winaaRmdegobebi da kontrwi-nadadebebi, romlebic daakninebdnen proeqtis revuluciur bunebas da im upiratesobas, rasac siurprizi ganapi-robebs. roca Jan monem Tavisi dokumen-ti warudgina bernard klepies, robert Sumanis ofisis direqtors, mas kargad hqonda gacnobierebuli, rom minis-tris gada-wyvetilebas SeeZlo, mTli-anad Seecvala movlenaTa msvleloba. mSobliuri loranidan dabrunebis Semdeg robert Sumanis mier kolegebi-sTvis naTqvami sityvebi: „wavikiTxe es winadadebebi; me gamoviyeneb maT”, niS-navda, rom iniciativam adgili daimkvi-dra politikur sferoSi. imave dros, roca 9 maisis diliT frangi ministri am winadadebas icavda kolegebis winaSe, misi ofisis Sikrikma personalurad

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gadasca winadadebis proeqti kancler adenauers bonSi. werils dauyovnebeli da enTuziazmiT aRsavse reaqcia mohyva. kanclerma ganacxada, rom igi mTeli suliTa da guliT uWerda mxars am ini-ciativas.

ministrisa da germaniis mTavrobis mxridan mxardaWeris miRebis Semdeg robert Sumanma sazogadoebriobis-Tvis gaakeTa gancxadeba preskonfer-enciaze, romelic 16 saaTze gaimarTa ke dorseze (safrangeTis sagareo saqme-Ta saministroSi). Tavis gancxadebas Sumanma ramdenime winadadeba warumZ-Rvara Sesavlad: „aRara gvaqvs dro fuWi sityvebisaTvis, axla saWiroa gabeduli, konstruqciuli moqmedeba. safrangeTma ukve daiwyo moqmedeba, rasac SeiZleba warmoudgenlad didi Sedegi mohyves. vitovebT amis imeds. safrangeTis Zalisxmeva mxolod mSvi-dobis damyarebas isaxavs miznad, xolo mSvidobas erTiani evropa sWirdeba. TiTqmis xuTi weliwadi gavida germani-is upirobo danebebis Semdeg. safran-geTi axla pirvel nabijebs dgams evro-

pis gaerTianebisken, raSic is germaniis did rols xedavs. am zomebma mTlianad unda Secvalos evropa da SesaZlebeli gaxados iseTi erToblivi moRvaweoba, rogoric aqamde warmoudgeneli iyo. yvelaferi es safuZvlad daedeba myari da erTiani evropis Seqmnas, evropisa, sadac warmoebis dajgufeba da bazrebis gafarToeba Seamcirebs fasebs da aamaR-lebs adamianTa cxovrebis dones...”

ase Seiqmna foni. es ar iyo kidev erTi axali teqnikuri gadawyvetileba, romelic gamoiwvevda mwvave kamaTs. safrangeTma germanias xeli gauwoda da SesTavaza Tanasworuflebiani TanamSromloba axali erTobisken moZ-raobaSi. Tavidan or qveyanaSi erTo-blivad unda moewesrigebinaT qvana-xSiris mopovebisa da foladis war-moebis sferoebi. aRniSnuli nabiji, farTo gagebiT, evropuli federaciis aRmSeneblobisTvis saZirkvlis Hayris pirveli mcdeloba iyo.

deklaraciam wina planze wamowia mTeli rigi principebisa:

Sumanis gegmis dasabami, 1950 wlis 9 maisi, ke dorse, safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa sami-nistro. mikrofonTan dgas robert Sumani; misgan marjvniv - Jan mone.

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- erTiani evropa ver Seiqmneba erT-baSad anda raime erTi gegmis safuZ-velze. misi aSeneba SesaZlebelia mxolod konkretuli miRwevebis saSualebiT, pirvel rigSi ki unda damyardes WeSmariti solidaroba;

- daZleuli unda iqnes safrangeTisa da germaniis ZvelTaZveli opozi-cia; nebismieri gadadgmuli nabiji pirvel rigSi am or qveyanas unda Seexebodes, Tumca daiSveba yvela im evropuli saxelmwifos monawileo-ba, romelic aRniSnul miznebs gaizi-arebs;

- dauyovnebliv unda iqnes miRebu-li zomebi erT TiTqosda patara, magram am dros arsebiTi mniSvnelo-bis mqone sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT: safrangeTisa da germaniis qvanaxSi-ris mopoveba da foladis warmoeba mTlianad daeqvemdebaros saerTo umaRles organos;

- am ekonomikuri interesebis Serwyma gazrdis cxovrebis dones da Hamo-ayalibebs evropis Tanamegobrobas;

- umaRlesi organos gadawyvetilebe-bi savaldebulo iqneba wevri qveyne-bisaTvis. TviT umaRlesi organo unda Sedgebodes damoukidebeli pirebisgan da masSi Tanabari war-momadgenloba unda iyos. organos gadawyvetilebebis Sesruleba auci-lebeli iqneba.

evropis qvanaxSiris mompov-ebeli da foladis mwarmoe-beli qveynebis gaerTianebis

damfuZnebeli xelSek-rulebis momzadeba

franguli iniciativis (romelic Zalian male frangul-germanul inicia-tivad iqca) xorcSesasxmelad saWiro iyo

swrafi moqmedeba. 1950 wlis 20 ivniss safrangeTma parizSi moiwvia mTavro-baTaSorisi konferencia, romelsac Jan mone Tavmjdomareobda. mowvevas gamoexmaura beneluqsis sami qveyana da italia. daiwyo molaparakebis pro-cesi. Jan monem gansazRvra molapara-kebis xasiaTi: „Hven aq SevikribeT, raTa ganvaxorcieloT saerTo mizani - mov-ilaparakoT ara Hveni kerZo erovnuli keTildReobis, aramed sayovelTao keTildReobis Sesaxeb. gadawyvetile-bas mxolod im SemTxvevaSi mivaRwevT, Tu Hvens saubarSi gamovricxavT par-tikularistul grZnobebs. Tu Hven, aq Sekrebilni, SevZlebT Hveni meTo-debis Secvlas, maSin yvela evrope-lis damokidebulebac TandaTanobiT Sesabamisad gamoicvleba”.(1)

diskusia iZleoda SesaZleblobas, garkveuliyo da gansazRvruliyo axali saerTaSoriso struqturis tipi. saka-maTo ar gamxdara umaRlesi organos damoukideblobisa da Zalauflebis sakiTxi, radgan es winadadebis cen-tralur sakiTxs warmoadgenda. nider-landebis moTxovniT Seiqmna ministrTa sabWo, romelSic warmodgenili iqne-boda yvela wevri qveyana da romelsac garkveul sakiTxebze Tanxmobis micema daekisra. saparlamento asambleasa da marTlmsajulebis sasamarTlos sab-olood unda daexvewaT struqtura, romelic safuZvlad edo arsebuli Tanamegobrobebis instituciur siste-mebs.

molaparakebis monawileTa yur-adRebis centrSi iyo is faqti, rom maT miniWebuli hqondaT politikuri man-dati, SeeqmnaT absoluturad axleburi

(1) Jan mone, mogonebebi

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organizacia am ukanasknelis miznebi-sa da meTodebis gaTvaliswinebiT. daarsebis procesSi myofi organiza-ciisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo tradiciuli mTavrobaTaSorisi orga-nizaciebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli gauge-brobis Tavidan acileba: erTsulo-vnebis moTxovna erovnuli finansuri wvlilis sakiTxSi da aRmasruleblis daqvemdebareba erovnuli saxelmwi-foebis warmomadgenlebisadmi.

1951 wlis 18 aprils 50 wliT moewera xeli xelSekrulebas, romlis safuZvelzec daarsda evropis qvanax-Siris mompovebeli da foladis mwar-moebeli qveynebis gaerTianeba (ECSC). xelSekruleba ratificirebuli iqna eqvsi xelismomweri qveynis mier da 1952 wlis 10 agvistos umaRlesma organom Jan mones xelmZRvanelobiT bina daido luqsemburgSi.

1951 wlis 18 aprils xeli moewera parizis xelSekrulebas; es iyo pirveli xelSekruleba, romlis safuZvelzec daarsda evropuli Tanamegobroba.

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evropis pirveli Tanamegobrobis novatoruli

principebi

mizezi imisa, rom parizis xel-SekrulebasTan dakavSirebuli molaparakebebis dasrulebas daax-loebiT erTi weliwadi dasWirda, iyo is garemoeba, rom am molaparakebebma wamoWra iseTi mniSvnelovani kiTxvebi, romlebzec Jan mones surda, saTanado pasuxebi gacemuliyo. rogorc davinax-eT, es ar iyo tradiciuli diploma-tiuri molaparakeba. eqvsi mTavrobis mier daniSnuli pirebi Seikribnen, raTa safuZveli HaeyaraT sruliad axle-buri — da xangrZlivi — samarTlebrivi da politikuri sistemisaTvis.

evropis qvanaxSiris mompovebeli da foladis mwarmoebeli qveynebis gaer-Tianebis damfuZnebeli xelSekrule-bis preambulaSi, romelSic xuTi mokle abzaci Sedis, srulad aris mocemuli erTiani evropis mSeneblobis mesveur-Ta mamoZravebeli doqtrina:

„viTvaliswinebT ra, rom SeuZle-belia msoflioSi mSvidobis garan-tireba, Tuki ar iqna miRebuli muqa-risa da safrTxis proporciuli qmediTi zomebi;

darwmunebulni varT ra, rom mSvi-dobian urTierTobaTa Sesanar-

Huneblad fasdaudebelia wvlili, romelic gaerTianebul da saTana-dod organizebul evropas SeuZlia Seitanos civilizaciaSi;

vaRiarebT ra, rom erTiani evro-pis aSeneba SesaZlebelia, upirveles yovlisa, WeSmariti solidarobis ganmapirobebeli mxolod konkretu-li miRwevebis saSualebiT, agreTve, ekonomikuri ganviTare-bisTvis erTiani safuZvlis HayriT;

gvamoZravebs ra survili, wevri qvey-nebis ZiriTadi warmoebis gafar-Toebis saSualebiT davexmaroT maT cxovrebis donis amaRlebaSi da gavagrZeloT mSvidobisaken swraf-va;

gvamoZravebs ra miswrafeba, ZvelTa-Zveli mtroba wevr qveynebs Soris maTi umTavresi interesebis erTo-biT SevcvaloT; saerTo ekonomikuri sistemis HamoyalibebiT dasabami davudoT ufro farTo da yovlis-momcvel erTobas im xalxebs Soris, romlebic didi xnis ganmavloba-Si erTmaneTis mimarT sisxliani dapirispirebiT gamoirHeodnen, da saZirkveli HavuyaroT iseTi insti-tutebis Seqmnas, romlebic mimar-Tulebas miscemen momavalSi saerTo, saziaro bed-iRbals”.

II - Sumanis gegma:evropis Tanamegobrobis dabadeba

„Sumanis winadadebebi revoluciuri xasiaTisaa. am winadadebaTa upirvelesi fasdaudebeli principia suverenitetze uaris Tqma SezRudul, Tumca gadamw-

yveti mniSvnelobis mqone sferoSi. gegma, romelic ar efuZneba am princips, ver SeZlebs mniSvnelovani da sasargeblo wvlilis Setanas im umTavres problemaTa gadaWris saqmeSi, romlebic Zirs uTxris Hvens arsebobas. Tumca naciebs Soris

TanamSromlobas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs, mxolod es ver gadawyvets Hvens problemas. saWiroa evropis xalxTa interesebis gaerTianeba da ara mxolod am

interesebis wonasworobis SenarHunebis axali mcdeloba...”

Jan mone

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„msoflio mSvidoba”, „praqtikuli miRwevebi”, „WeSmariti solidaroba”, „umTavresi interesebis gaerTianeba”, „Tanamegobroba”, „momavalSi saer-To, saziaro bediRbali” — es aris is ZiriTadi sityvebi, romlebic war-moadgens rogorc suliskveTebis, ise Tanamegobrobis meTodis embrionul formas da dResac ki inarHunebs Tavis mamoZravebel potencials.

Tumca evropis qvanaxSiris mompove-beli da foladis mwarmoebeli qveynebis gaerTianebis damfuZnebeli xelSek-rulebis ZiriTadi mizani - qvanaxSirisa da foladis bazris marTva - dRes aRar aris iseve mniSvnelovani, rogorc 1950-iani wlebis evropuli ekonomikisTvis iyo, instituciuri principebi, rom-lebic am xelSekrulebis safuZvelze Hamoyalibda, axlac metad aqtualuria. swored es principebi iyo is mamoZrave-beli Zala, romlis mosavalsac Hven axla vimkiT da romelic asazrdoebs politikur mrwmass, aras gziT rom ar

unda vuRalatoT, Tu ar gvinda, Hveni Zvirfasi “acquis communautaire” (ter-itoria, romelzec saerTo kanonmde-bloba vrceldeba) saSiSroebis winaSe rom aRmoHndes.

Sumanis gegmam dasaxa Tanamegob-robis oTxi principi, romlebic Tanamegobrobis amJamindeli Senobis safuZvels warmoadgens.

institutebis umniSvnelovanesi roli

WeSmaritad demokratiul qvey-nebSi damkvidrebuli Tanasworufle-bianobis, konfliqturi situaciebis gadaWrisa da uTanxmoebaTa mSvido-biani gziT mogvarebis saerTaSoriso principebis gamoyeneba civilizaciis warmatebaze metyvelebs. evrokavSiris damfuZnebel mamebs gamocdili hqondaT qaosi, Zaladoba da despotizmi, rom-lebic Tan sdeven nebismier oms. mTeli maTi Zalebi mimarTuli iyo imisaken, rom HamoeyalibebinaT Tanamegobroba,

pirveli evropuli rkinis zodi Hamoisxa 1953 wlis 30 aprils luqsemburgSi, eS-siur-alzetSi. am movlenas zeimoben evropis qva-naxSiris mompovebeli da foladis mwarmoe-beli qveynebis gaerTianebis umaRlesi orga-nos prezidenti Jan mone da sxva wevrebi.

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sadac ufleba Zalaze maRla idgeboda. Jan mones xSirad mohyavda Svedi filo-sofosis, amielis, sityvebi: „yoveli calkeuli adamianis gamocdi-leba axali startia. brZendebian mxolod institutebi: isini agroveben koleq-tiur gamocdilebas da, imave gamoc-dilebis wyalobiT, iZenen sibrZnes; am wess damorHilebuli adamianis buneba ar Seicvleba, magram TandaTanobiT Seicvleba misi saqcieli.”

qveynebs Soris urTierTobebis mSvi-dobian da demokratiul safuZvel-ze damyareba, dominirebisa da naciona-lizmis sulikveTebis aRmofxvra iyo is fesvgadgmuli motivacia, romelmac pirvel Tanamegobrobas mianiWa misi politikuri arsi da miuHina adgili mniSvnelovan istoriul miRwevaTa Soris.

Tanamegobrobis organoTa damoukide-bloba

Tu institutebma unda Seasrulon TavianTi funqciebi, maT sakuTari uflebamosilebac unda hqondeT. dRe-vandeli Tanamegobrobis institute-bic sargebloben im sami garantiiT, romlebic miniWebuli hqonda evropis qvanaxSiris mompovebeli da foladis mwarmoebeli qveynebis gaerTianebis umaRles organos:

- wevrebis (dRevandeli komisrebis) daniSvna mTavrobebs Soris miRebu-li erToblivi Tanxmobis safuZvel-ze.(2) isini ar warmoadgenen erovnul delegatebs. isini ubra-lod adamian-ebi arian, romlebic kolegialurad iyeneben TavianT Zalebs da romleb-sac SeuZliaT, ar miiRon miTiTebebi wevri qveynebisgan. evropis saxelm-wifo samsaxuri eqvemdebareba imave

wessa da loialobas Tanamegrobis mimarT;

- finansuri damoukidebloba xor-cieldeba sakuTar resursebze gadasaxadebis dawesebiT da ara ise, rogorc amas akeTeben saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, anu aweseben erovnul Senatanebs, rac SeiZleba yovelTvis kiTxvis qveS moeqces;

- umaRlesi organos, anu dRevandeli komisiis, pasuxismgebloba eqskluz-iurad asambleis mimarT (dRevande-li evroparlamenti), romelsac ken-Wisyrisas kvalificirebuli umrav-lesobis saSualebiT SeuZlia misces sawinaaRmdego xma.

TanamSromloba institutebs Soris

Jan monesaTvis umaRlesi organos damoukidebloba sistemis safuZv-els warmoadgenda. miuxedavad amisa, molaparakebebis periodSi man aRiara, rom wevri qveynebisaTvis saWiro iyo maTi erovnuli interesebis gamoTqmis saSualebis micema. es yvelaze usafr-Txo gza iyo ganviTarebis procesSi myofi Tanamegobrobis dasacavad zed-metad teqnikuri miznebisgan. mas unda SeZleboda, Hareuliyo iseT seqto-rebSi, sadac xdeboda makroekono-mikuri gadawyvetilebebis (rac mTav-robebis prerogativa iyo) miReba. amas mohyva umaRlesi organos paralelu-rad ministrTa sabWos Seqmna, romlis roli mkacrad iyo SezRuduli — gadaw-yvetileba mas erTsulovnad ki ar unda gamoetana, aramed umravlesobis azrze dayrdnobiT. misi Tanxmoba mxolod garkveul sakiTxebSi iyo aucilebeli. umaRlesma organom daitova monopo-lia sakanonmdeblo iniciativasTan dakavSirebiT; es prerogativa, Tu mas axlandeli komisiis kompetenciis WrilSi ganvixilavT, mniSvnelovania imiT, rom Tanamegobrobis intere-sebis dacvis garantiaa. dawyebuli 1951 wlidan, oTx organizacias Soris dai-

(2)evrokomisia aseve eqvemdebareba evroparlamentis mier micemul form-alur xmas

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wyo dialogi, romelic efuZneba ara ierarqias, aramed TanamSromlobas. TiToeuli organizacia axorcie-lebs Tavis sakuTar funqciebs gadaw-yvetilebaTa mimRebi yovlismomcveli sistemis sazRvrebSi.

Tanasworuflebianoba wevr qveynebs Soris

vinaidan sabWoSi qveynebis warmomad-genlobis principi SerHeuli iyo, rHe-boda delikaturi sakiTxi maT mniSvn-elobasTan da wonasTan dakavSirebiT. vinaidan beneluqsis qveynebi da italia SiSobdnen, rom moeqceodnen umcireso-baSi saerTo warmoebasTan SedarebiT maT mier warmoebuli qvanaxSirisa da foladis mcire moculobis gamo, dai-Wires erTsulovnebis mxari. germania, meores mxriv, icavda warmoebis pro-porciuli warmomadgenlobis prin-cips. am winadadebam ara Tu daamSvida, aramed ufro aaRelva partniorebi.

Jan mone darwmunebuli iyo, rom mxolod saxelmwifoTa Tanasworuf-lebianobas SeeZlo axali azrovnebis Hamoyalibeba. miuxedavad amisa, mas mSvenivrad esmoda, ra rTuli iyo ara-Tanabari ganzomilebebis mqone eqvsi qveynis iZuleba, gadaelaxaT vetos arHeva. didi qveynebis — erTmaneTTan mimarTebaSi — da patara qveynebis - did qveynebTan-mimarTebaSi — „usafrTxo-ebas safuZvlad edo „ara”-s Tqmis Zala, rac erovnuli suverenitetis privilegiaa” (Jan mone). konferenciis Tavmjdomare 1951 wlis 4 aprils bonSi Sexvda kancler adenauers, raTa daerw-munebina Tanasworuflebianobis prin-cipis faseulobaSi:

„uflebamosili var, SemogTavazoT, urTierToba safrangeTsa da germanias Soris evropis TanamegobrobaSi dae-fuZnos Tanasworuflebianobas sabWo-Si, asambleasa da momaval Tu arsebul institutebSi. . . neba miboZeT, davam-ato, rom swored ase mesaxeboda urT-ierTobebi gaerTianebaze fiqrisas, rac

sawyisi wertili iyo axlandeli xelSek-rulebisa; me mgoni, ar Sevcdebi, Tu vityvi, rom Hveni pirveli Sexvedrisas Tqveni Sexedulebac aseTi iyo. dis-kriminacia yovelTvis msoflios yvela ubedurebis deda iyo, Tanamegobrobas ki misi damarcxeba surs.”

kanclerma upasuxa:„kargad mogexsenebaT, Tu rogori

seriozulobiT vekidebi Hemi qveynis uflebebis Tanasworobas momavalSi da rogor vwuxvar, rom warsulSi SesaZ-lebeli gaxda misi HaTreva diskrimi-naciul azrovnebaSi. bednieri var, rom SemiZlia Hemi sruli mxardaWera gamovxato Tqveni winadadebis mimarT. ver warmomidgenia Tanamegobroba, romelic Tanasworuflebianobaze ar iqneba damyarebuli.”

ase Haeyara iuridiuli da moraluri safuZveli Tanamegobrobas, safuZve-li, romelic Tanamegobrobis cnebas gansazRvravs.

evropis qvanaxSiris mompove-beli da foladis mwarmoebeli qveynebis gaerTianeba — pirveli qva saerToevropul SenobaSi

warsulSi erTmaneTTan meomar qveynebs Soris ar arsebobda xelSek-ruleba mSvidobis Sesaxeb, amitom pirveli evropuli Tanamegobroba warmoadgenda ndobis aqts rogorc germaniisa da safrangeTisaTvis, ise maTi partniorebisaTvis, daeviwyebi-naT warsulis Secdomebi da momavalSi emoqmedaT keTili nebisa da erTmane-Tis ndobis safuZvelze. istoriisa da nacionalisturi opoziciis warmate-ba-warumateblobis miuxedavad, pro-cesi, romelic 1950 wels daiwyo, aRar SeHerebula. evropis Tavdacvis gaer-Tianebis proeqts, romelmac marcxi ganicada 1954 wlis 30 agvistos, 1952 wlis 27 maiss safrangeTis erovnu-li asambleis mier xelSekrulebis

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xelmoweraze uaris Tqmis Semdeg, ar daukargavs Tavdapirveli impulsi. beneluqsis qveynebis saxelmwifo moR-vaweebma, pol henri spaakma, ian bei-enma da jozef beHma, SeZles procesis gadatana mesinaSi 1955 wlis ivnisisaT-vis. mizanmimarTuli moZraoba romis xelSekrulebisaken, romelsac xeli moewera 1957 wlis 25 marts da rom-lis safuZvelzec Hamoyalibda evropis ekonomikuri Tanamegobroba da „evra-tomi”, kidev ufro gaamZafra saerTa-Soriso movlenebma: suecis krizisma da ungreTSi gatarebulma represiebma mianiSnes evropas, rom aucilebeli iyo gaerTianeba. evropuli gaerTianebebi, romlebmac bina daides briuselsa da luqsemburgSi, gaizardnen rogorc azrobrivi, ise monawileTa raodeno-bis TvalsazrisiT.

moxda saerTo bazrebis gaerTianeba saerTo politikis safuZvelze soflis meurneobaSi, vaWrobaSi, regionul da socialur sakiTxebSi, kvlevaSi, gare-mos dacvaSi, ganaTlebasa da mesame samyarosTan TanamSromlobaSi. 1972 wels Tanamegobrobas SemouerTdnen gaerTianebuli samefo, irlandia da dania, mogvianebiT ki saberZneTi, espa-neTi da portugalia, riTac gaizarda xmelTaSua zRvis regionis monawil-eoba TanamegobrobaSi. 1955 wels gaer-TianebaSi Sevidnen avstria, fineTi da SvedeTi; evropis Tanamegobroba axla ukve TxuTmeti saxelmwifosagan Sedgeboda.

1973 da 1979 wlebis navTobis krizi-sebiT dasustebulma Tanamegobrobam mainc winaaRmdegoba gauwia cen-triskenul tendenciebs, moaxdina Tavisi erTianobis konsolidireba da 1979 wels SemoiRo evropuli mon-etaruli sistema. aRniSnulma sistemam TandaTanobiT gakvala gza neli, magram Seuqcevadi moZraobisaTvis ekono-mikuri da savaluto erTianobisken, romelmac nayofi 1999 wlis 1 ianvars gamoiRo - evrokavSiris 11-ma qveyanam miiRo evro.

rogorc nebismierma axalma wamow-yebam, verc evropis gaerTianebam auara gverdi „kbilebis gaWris” problemas: organizaciuli krizisi, roca 1965 wels erT-erTi wevri qveyana daaeWva kenWi-syris umravlesobis sistemam; finans-uri krizisi, gamowveuli SeusabamobiT sakuTar resursebsa da xarjebis swraf zrdas Soris, rac, Tavis mxriv, Sedegad mohyva axali wesebis gavrcelebas da saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo politi-kis xarjebis zrdas.

miuxedavad imisa, Tu ramdenad kategoriuli iyo maTi moTxovnebi, arc erT wevr qveyanas ar ufiqria Tanamegobrobis datoveba - es Taname-gobroba Seucvlel safuZvels warmo-adgenda misi wevri qveynebis ganviTare-bisa da saerTaSoriso statusisaTvis.

1984 wels evroparlamentma miiRo proeqti evrokavSiris Sesaxeb xelSek-rulebisa, romlis mixedviTac insti-tutebs unda SeesrulebinaT mniS-vnelovani naxtomi integraciis TvalsazrisiT. 1985 wels did saSinao bazarze „TeTri furclis” miRebiT komisiam, Jak deloris xelmZRvanelo-biT, gamoxata konkretuli Sexeduleba am gadawyvetilebaze da miznis miRw-evisaTvis dasaxa dRe — 1993 wlis 1 ianvari.

1986 wels wevrma saxelmwifoebma xeli moaweres erTian evropul aqts; maTi suliskveTeba da instituciuri meTodi Sumaniseuli gegmidan sazr-doobda. romis xelSekrulebis mTavar mizans wevrma saxelmwifoebma daumates mTeli rigi specifiuri miznebisa, rom-lebic exeboda did bazars sazRvrebis gareSe, da iqve SeimuSaves Sesabamisi ganrigi. maT ganaaxles gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi, anu gaafarToes gadawyvetilebis miRebis masStabi kvalificirebuli umravlesobis saSu-alebiT. maT evropis milionobiT moqa-laqes aRudgines imedi - SesTavazes farTo horizonti da misces cvlile-bebis procesSi myofi msoflios piro-bebis misaRebad aucilebeli saxsrebi.

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roca evropis institutebs saboloo Sesworebebi SehqondaT Sida bazarSi da afarToebdnen evropis Tanamegobrobis ekonomikur da socialur ganzomile-bebs, istoriam kvlav Seaxsena maT Tavisi arseboba da is, rom misi gaTvaliswine-ba SeuZlebelia, rom is aris didi Zala, romelic cdis evropelebs - rogor miiReben isini da Seewyobian cvlile-bebis procesSi myof msoflios.

1990 wlis 3 oqtombers berlinis kedlis dacemas mohyva germaniis gaer-Tianeba da centraluri da aRmosav-leT evropis qveynebis demokratizeba, gaTavisufleba sabWoTa kavSiris uRl-isagan, xolo sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam 1991 wlis dekemberSi Hveni kontinentis politikur struqturas didi cvlele-bebi moutana.

qveynebi kidev erTxel aRmoHndnen dilemis winaSe, gaekeTebinaT umtkiv-neulo arHevani erovnuli politikis mimdinare interesebis safuZvelze Tu aerHiaT Tavisi erToblivi momavlis saerTo xedva da marTva. wevrma qvey-nebma irHies, upiratesoba erTiani evropis interesebisTvis mieniWebinaT da HaerToT es gadatrialeba saerTo perspeqtivaSi. maT gadawyvites evro-kavSiris konsolidireba axali xelSe-krulebiT. axali saxelmZRvanelo idee-bi am xelSekrulebisTvis miRebuli iqna evropuli sabWos maastrixtis sxdomaze 1991 wlis 9-10 dekembers.

xelSekrulebam evrokavSiris Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSi 1993 wlis 1 noem-bers Sevida, wevr qveynebs didi geg-

mebi dausaxa: monetaruli erTianoba 1999 wlisaTvis, axali saerTo poli-tikis Hamoyalibeba, evropis moqa-laqeobis dadgena, saerTo sagareo da uSiSroebis politikis SemuSaveba da Sida usafrTxoeba. maastrixtis xelSekrulebis Sesworebulma muxlma wevr qveynebs ukarnaxa molaparakebis gamarTva axal xelSekrulebasTan daka-vSirebiT, romelsac xeli 1997 wlis 2 oqtombers moewera amsterdamSi. xelSekrulebam Sesworebebi Seitana da gaaZliera kavSiris politika da resursebi, gansakuTrebiT iuridiuli TanamSromlobis sferoSi, moqalaqee-bs misca Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis ufleba, gaaumjobesa sagareo politi-ka da gaajansaRa sazogadoeba. evropar-lamentma, kavSiris uSualo demokra-tiulma ruporma, ikisra axali valde-bulebebi da kanonmdeblobis SemuSave-baSi monawilis roli.

arsebobis ormocdaaTma weliwadma ver SeZlo im mamoZravebeli suliskve-Tebis Semcireba, romlidanac warmo-iSva evropis qveynebis Tanamegobroba.

neta Tu iReben yurad damfuZne-beli mamebis memkvidreebi, romlebic dRes arian pasuxismgebelni adamianebis bedze mTels kontinentze, lisabonidan taliname, dublinidan varSavamde, Jan mones ukanasknel Segonebas(3), Segonebas im adamianisa, romelic iyo pirveli Tanamegobrobis gzis gamkvalavi da romelic emudareba STamomavlebs, gaiziaron momavlis miseuli xedva?

(3) „Hven ver gavHerdebiT, roca mTeli msoflio Hvens garSemo moZraobis pro-cesSia. sakmaod gasagebad gamovTqvi Hemi mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom Hvens mier dafuZnebuli Tanamegobroba ar warmoadgens saboloo variants? es cvlilebebis procesia, romelic agrZelebs im process, istoriis ufro adreul periodSi cxovrebis Hveni erovnuli formebi rom Seqmna. iseve, rogorc warsulSi Hvenma provinciebma, dRes Hvenma erebmac unda iswavlon erTad cxovreba saerTo wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. warsulSi suverenul erebs aRar ZaluZT dRevandeli prob-lemebis gadaWra; maT ar SeuZliaT sakuTari winsvlis uzrunvelyofa anda saku-Tari momavlis gakontroleba. Tanamegobroba ki mxolod safexuria momavlis organizebuli msofliosaken mimaval gzaze” (Jan mone, memuarebi).

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1999 wlis 10-11 dekembers helsinki-Si gamarTul evropuli sabWos sxdomas evropis aRmSeneblobis mematianeebi uTuod evrokavSirisTvis gardatexis wertilad moixsenieben. am dRes wevri saxelmwifoebis mTavrobaTa meTaureb-ma gadawyvites, kavSiris wevrobasTan dakavSirebul molaparakebaze daSve-bul saxelmwifoTa raodenoba 12-mde gaezardaT. swored helsinkiSi mieniWa TurqeTs kandidati qveynis statusi, amis safuZvelze ki masTan molapara-kebis dawyeba SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda dauyovnebliv mas Semdeg, rac dakmayo-filebuli iqneboda politikuri da ekonomikuri kriteriumebi. 2003 wlis 1 ianvari daisaxa dRed, roca, xelSek-rulebaTa gadaxedvasTan dakavSirebu-li konferenciis damTavrebis Semdeg, evrokavSiris kari gaiReba axali kandi-datebis pirveli nakadisTvis. amiT sax-elmwifoebis Tu mTavrobebis meTau-rebma evrokavSiris institutebisT-vis metad pativmoyvruli programa dasaxes. garda amisa, evropul sabWos surda, gamotaniliyo daskvnebi koso-vos konfliqtidan, romelmac warmoa-Hina evrokavSiris zRurblze ganviTa-re-buli konfliqtis aRmosafxvrelad SeiaraRebuli Zalebis aucilebloba.

amgvarad, helsinkis Sexvedram safuZveli Hauyara uzarmazar nagebo-bas, romelic aucileblad daasrulebs fuZemdebeli mamebis mier 50 wlis win dawyebul mSeneblobas. dRes evrokav-Siris institutebma da moqalaqeebma

unda gascen pasuxi momavalTan dakav-Sirebul sam ZiriTad kiTxvas:

* evrokavSiri : ra zomis da visTvis?

axla yuradReba unda mivaqcioT evrokavSiris geografiul sazRvrebs. ra argumentebi arsebobs imisaTvis, rom uari eTqvas evrokavSirSi Semosvlaze kavSiris axlandeli Tu momavali wevri saxelmwifoebis mosazRvre qveynebs (garda im argumentebisa, romlebic dakavSirebulia demokratiis princi-pebis pativiscemasTan da “acquis com-munautaire”-Tan, kerZod, saerTo poli-tikasa da Tanamegobrobis kanonmde-blobasTan)?

* evrokavSiri : rogor?

momavali dekadis ganmavlobaSi 15 qveynisgan Semdgari evrokavSiris zrda 30 wevramde warmoSobs kiTxvas, romelic dakavSirebulia kavSiris funqcionirebasTan, gadawyvetilebis miRebis misi procedurebis efeq-tianobasTan, mis homogenurobasa da kavSiris urTierTobasTan Tavis moqalaqesTan: ras warmoadgens evro-kavSiri: saxelmwifoebis federalur gaerTianebas, rac gulisxmobs saerTo valutas, Tavdacvasa da moqalaqeobas, Tu Tavisufal teritorias, romelsac meTvalyureoben saarbitraJo orga-noebi, raTa uzrunvelyon konkuren-ciis wesebis dacva?

III - kiTxvebi XXI saukunis evropas

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* evrokavSiri : risTvis?

globalizaciis procesi, romelic saxelmwifoebsa da sazogadoebebs aiZulebs, giganturi nabijebiT iaron socialuri yofis misasadageblad planetis axlebur wesebTan, evrope-lebs gauHens saWiroebas, ufro Rrmad Hawvdnen, Tu ra aniWebs maT individ-ualurobas da ra aerTianebs evro-pelebad. arsebobs Tu ara ganviTa-rebis raime modeli, romelic damaxa-siaTebelia Hveni kontinentisTvis da dafuZnebulia saziaro faseulobebsa da ideaze, rom yvelani erT civili-zacias mivekuTvnebiT? iziareben Tu ara evropelebi erTnair Sexedulebas adamianis adgilis Sesaxeb sazogadoeba-Si, erTad gamoexmaurebian Tu ara samo-mavlo amocanebs, magaliTad, mdgrad ganviTarebas da bioeTikas? mzad arian Tu ara, erTad aiRon pasuxismgebloba Tavis Sida usafrTxoebasa da koleq-tiur Tav-dacvaze?

yvela es kiTxva evropis garSemo warmoqmnil debatebs ganuyofels xdis Sida politikuri debatebisgan, romlebSic TiToeulma moqalaqem unda miiRos monawileoba aqtiuri demokratiis konteqstSi.

gafarToebis mimdinare procesi :samSvidobo investicia evropaSi

„evropis gaerTianebas ver mivaRwieT, amitom gaimarTa omi”

robert Sumanis 1950 wlis 9 maisis deklaracia

1989 wlis noemberSi berlinis ked-lis dacema mSvenieri signali iyo kontinentisTvis. germaneli xalxis ltolva Tavisuflebisa da demokrati-isaken, rac swrafad gaiziara komunis-turma blokma, leninuri partiebis diqtaturaze Zlieri aRmoHnda da gaumklavda varSavis xelSekrulebis monawile qveynebis mier Tavsmoxveul

SeiaraRebul muqaras. Tavis mxriv, sab-WoTa kavSirma 1991 wlis 26 noembers gamoacxada qveynis daSlis Sesaxeb. civi omis dasasruli axali samyaros Seqmnis mauwyebeli iyo. es SedarebiT naklebad stabiluri samyaro ufro Ria da Tavisufali gaxdeboda, adami-anebi SeZlebdnen TavianTi bed-iRblis Tavad gansazRvras. Seisxams xorcs, bolos da bolos, robert Sumaniseuli xedva mSvidobisa da keTildReobis pirobebSi gamTlianebuli kontinenti-sa? evropis Tanamegobroba cdilobs, Sesabamisad gamoexmauros im axali qvey-nebis moTxovnebs, romlebic, bolos da bolos, gaTavisufldnen gareSe ZalTa batonobisgan, magram Ziri aqvT gamoTxrili daqceuli ekonomi-kis wyalobiT da miiswrafian stabi-luri da demokratiuli politikuri sistemisken.

1989 wlis ivlisSi parizSi didi Svideulis samitze wamyvanma indus-triulma qveynebma evrokomisias poloneTisa da ungreTisaTvis eko-nomikuri daxmarebis programis koordinireba sTxoves. ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciis (OECD) danarHenma wevreb-ma mxari dauWires am gadawyvetilebas da SeTanxmdnen, HamoeyalibebinaT 24 wevrisgan (Tanamegobrobis 12 imdro-indeli wevri, evropis Tavisufali vaWrobis asociaciis (EFTA) eqvsi wevri, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, kanada, iaponia, axali zelandia, avstralia da TurqeTi) Semdgari jgufi.

evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganvi-Tarebis bankma da programam “PHARE” 1990 wels finansuri daxmareba gau-wies centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebs. programa ”PHARE” (daxmareba poloneTisa da ungre-TisaTvis ekonomikuri restruqtur-izaciis mizniT) gavrcelda HexeTis respublikaze, slovakiaze, bulgareT-ze, rumineTze, baltiispireTis sam saxelmwifoze, albaneTze da yofili iugoslaviis zog saxelmwifoze.

programebi moicavs xuT prior-

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itetul sferos: daxmarebis mimRebi qveynebis mier warmoebuli saqonlis-Tvis donori qveynebis bazrebis xelmi-sawvdomobas; soflis meurneobas da sakvebis warmoebas; investirebis xelSe-wyobas; profesiul momzadebas da gare-mos dacvas.

mTavari mosazreba, romelic pro-gramebs udevs safuZvlad, aris is, rom gaweulma daxmarebam xeli unda Seuwyos ekonomikur da socialur cvlilebaTa procesis mimdinareobas centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi da saSualeba misces maT, monawileoba miiRon evropul integraciaSi.

evrokavSiris politikis tendencia ufro programebis dafinansebaa, vidre calkeuli proeqtebisa. programebis marTva da ganxorcieleba decentra-lizebulia da yovelTvis miiReba zome-bi sxvadasxva tipis organizaciebis HasarTavad, raTa am procesSi sazoga-doebis rac SeiZleba farTo masebi iqnes moziduli.

evrokavSirma da wevrma saxelmwi-foebma 1990 wlidan centraluri da

aRmosavleT evropis qveynebisa da yofili sabWoTa kavSiris saxelmwifo-ebisaTvis TiTqmis 140 miliardi ekiu gamoyves kreditebisa da daxmarebis saxiT.

kontinentis masStabiT ufro sruli integraciis xelSewyobis mizniT evro-kavSirma ganavrco da gaafar-Tova programa “PHARE” da asocireb-uli SeTanxmebebi dado centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebTan da baltiispireTis saxelmwifoebTan. es ,,evropuli SeTanxmebebi,” romle-bic gaTvaliswinebulia evrokavSiris Sesaxeb xelSekrulebiT, zRvars avlebs erovnuli da evrokavSiris kompeten-ciis sferoebs Soris.

am SeTanxmebaTa ZiriTadi miznebia:

* politikuri dialogi;

* Tavisufali vaWroba da gadaadgi-leba;

* ekonomikuri TanamSromloba;

* finansuri TanamSromloba;

* kulturuli TanamSromloba.

wlis 2 oqtombers amsterdamis xelSek-rulebis xelmowera axali etapi iyo evropuli integraciis gzaze.

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1993 wlis 22 ivniss evropuli sab-Wos kopenhagenis sxdomaze miRebuli iqna principi, romlis Tanaxmadac asocirebul wevrebs centraluri da aRmosavleT evropidan, Tuki surT, SeuZliaT gaxdnen evrokavSiris wevre-bi: ,,asocirebuli saxelmwifo evrokav-Siris wevrad miRebuli iqneba maSinve, rogorc ki SeZlebs ikisros wevro-basTan dakavSirebuli valdebulebebi ekonomikuri da politikuri piro-bebis Sesrulebis Taobaze.” es pirobebi gulisxmobs stabilur demokratiul institutebs, umciresobaTa pativis-cemas, iseTi sabazro ekonomikis arse-bobas, romelic SeZlebs evrokavSirSi arsebuli konkurenciis pirobebSi moq-medebas da politikur, ekonomikur da savaluto erTianobasTan dakavSire-buli miznebis ganxorcielebas.

aRniSnuli politikuri da ekonomi-kuri kriteriumebi kandidati qvey-nebisagan mniSvnelovan Zalisxmevas moiTxovs; am qveynebis moqalaqeebma didi msxverpli unda gaiRon TavianTi qveynebis ekonomikis rekonstruqciisa da sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlisaT-vis. Tumca Tavad evrokavSiric asru-lebs moralur da politikur pasux-ismgeblobas im xalxebis mimarT, rom-lebic istoriis dramatuli movlene-bis gamo dRevandel mdgomareobaSi aRmoHndnen. germaniis gaerTianeba, 1992 wlis 7 Tebervals xelmowerili maastrixtis xelSekrulebis gadaw-yve-tilebaTa xorcSesxma, 1999 wlis 1 ianvars evros SemoReba, rasac mohy-va amsterdamis xelSekrulebis xel-mowera, gamoxatavs kavSiris survils, kvlavac ganagrZos integraciis gziT svla.

evrokavSiris struqturis konso-lidirebisaTvis kandidati qveynebi-sTvis karis gaRebamde institutebma umTavres amocanebad gansazRvres saer-To wesebis SemoReba da amoqmedeba iseT seqtorebSi, romlebic warmoiSoba da moaxdens Sida bazris konsolidirebas saerTo valutis safuZvelze da amiT xels Seuwyobs samuSao adgilebis war-

moqmnas da moqalaqeebis Tavisufal da usafrTxo gadaadgilebas kavSiris masStabiT.

kavSiris sazRvrebTan stabilu-roba wevri saxelmwifoebis mTavro-baTa umTavresi sazrunavi iyo 1990-ian wlebSi. arsebobda teritoriuli konfliqtebis, eTnikuri siZulvilisa da nacionalisturi tendenciebis warmo-Sobis seriozuli saSiSroeba im adgilebSi, romlebic didi xnis gan-mavlobSi totalitaruli reJimebis uRlis qveS iyo. yofili iugoslaviis daSla ukve mauwyebeli iyo momavalSi saSineli konfliqtebis warmoSobisa bosniasa da kosovoSi, igive emuqrebo-da sxva regionebsac. dasavleT evropis mier gamovlenili solidaroba aseTive safrTxis winaSe idga balkaneTis naxe-varkunZulze. evrokavSiris Semadgenel nawilad qceva, misi demokratiuli institutebiTa da Ria ekonomikiT sargebloba aris da momavalSic iqne-ba stimuli, romelmac unda amoZraos centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis saxelmwifoebi.

Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT, daxmare-boda wevrobis kandidat qveynebs da evropis biujetis mniSvnelovani nawili - 80 miliardi evro (anu 2000-2006 wlebis valdebulebis 11,83%) gamoeyo maTTvis, berlinis evropul-ma sabWom 1999 wlis 25 marts aSkarad dagvanaxa solidarobis saWiroeba. es aris sasicocxlod aucilebeli inve-stireba kontinentis stabiluro-bisa da misi erTiani momavlisaTvis. magram siZneles mxolod finansuri mxare ar warmoadgens. upirveles yov-lisa, es dakavSirebulia politikur nawilTan, kerZod ki, Sumaniseul pro-eqtTan SesabamisobasTan. XX saukunis pirveli naxevris mosisxle mtrebis Serigeba da mSvidobiani Tanaarseboba saukunis bolosTvis umniSvnelova-nesi warmatebaa. saukunis meore nax-evarSi kontinents, romelic miiswraf-is gaerTianebisaken, elodeba iseTive mniSvnelovani amocana: xalxma unda iswavlos erTad cxovreba mSvidobisa

27

da tolerantobis pirobebSi, SeZlos eTnikuri problemebisa da warsu-lis siZulvilis daZleva, moaxerxos individualurobisa da erTmaneTze damokidebulebis SeTavseba. saxel-mwi-foebi, romlebmac axlaxans daibrunes suvereniteti, unda daTanxmdnen evro-kavSiris saerTo wesebis Sesrulebaze. maT unda gaigon, rom Tanamegobrobis Zala efuZneba evrokavSiris keTil-dReobaze pasuxismgebeli institutebi-sTvis miniWebul Zalauflebas.

Zlieri, demokratiuli evrokavSiris instituciuri

reforma

„mTavaria, swrafad mivyveT im ramde-nime princips, romlebiTac Tavidanve

vxelmZRvanelobT: evropelebs TandaTanobiT SevuqmnaT farTo saer-

To interesebi, romlebsac moemsax-ureba is saerTo demokratiuli insti-

tutebi, aucilebeli suvereni-teti rom gadaeca. aseTi dinamika yovelTvis

amarTlebs, gvaSorebs crurwmenas, gvaTavisuflebs sazRvrebisagan da

afarToebs maT kontinentis masSta-biT sul ramdenime weliwadSi maSin,

roca am process Hveni uZvelesi erebis Hamosayalibeblad saukuneebi das-

Wirda.”

Jan mone („memuarebi”)

evrokavSiris kari Riaa yvela evro-puli saxelmwifosaTvis. es niSnavs, rom arsebulma da momavalma wevrma saxel-mwifoebma ori problema unda gadaWran. pirveli problemaa is, Tu rogor unda gafarTovdes evroka-vSiri ise, rom Ziri ar gamoeTxaros gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis meqanizms an kavSiris politikur individualobas, radgan misi institutebis Seqmnisas

wevri saxelmwifoebis raodenoba gacilebiT naklebi iyo, vidre dRes, xolo meore problemaa, Tu rogor unda ganaviTaron aseTi gansxvavebuli niadagisa da kulturis xalxebma erTad cxovrebis survili, iqnebian Tu ara isini mzad TavianTi suverenitetis na-wilis dasaTmobad.

moaxerxebs Tu ara evrokavSiri, rom-lis wevrTa raodenoba axlad dawyebu-li dekadis ganmavlobaSi 25-mde gaiz-arda (SeiZleba 30-35-mdec gaizardos) funqcionirebas 1950 wels eqvsi qveyni-saTvis Hamoyalibebuli institutebis sazRvrebSi?

ueWvelia, rom, rogori STambeW-davic ar unda iyos saerToevropuli Zalisxmevis warmatebiT ganpirobe-buli miRwevebi, SeiZleba sagrZnoblad gauaresdes am miRwevebis safuZveli da Sesustdes gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis meqanizmi, Tu Tavidanve reformebis ganxorcieleba daiwyeba. evropis Tanamegobroba TandaTan gadaizarda politikur kavSirSi, gaaerTiana ra saxelmwifoebi da xalxebi. 1979 wli-dan evroparlamentis arHevnebma pirda-piri sayovelTao kenWisyriT da misi sakanonmdeblo da zedamxedvelobiTi Zalauflebis TandaTanobiTma zrdam institutebs demokratiuli gamocdi-leba SesZina. 25 qveynis kavSiri, rome-lic 500 milion moqalaqes aerTianebs, momavali msoflios erT-erTi wamyvani moqmedi piri iqneba.

amsterdamis xelSekrulebasTan (ZalaSi Sevida 1999 wlis 1 maiss) daka-vSirebul molaparakebebze daiwyo mcdeloba, xelSekrulebis teqstsa da instituciur praqtikaSi Setaniliyo da danergiliyo evrokavSiris pasux-ismgeblobis zrda rogorc misi moqalaqeebis, ise danarHeni msofli-os mimarT. magram aseve aucilebeli gaxda gadawyvetilebis miRebis pro-cedurebis efeqtianobis SenarHuneba da wevr qveynebs Soris balansis dacva, rac dakavSirebuli iyo maT Sesabamis

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demografiul mdgomareobasTan. ami-tom 1999 wlis 11 dekembris helsinkis evropulma sabWom gadawyvita, moewvia axali mTavrobaTaSorisi konferencia, romelic gansazRvravda, Tu ra cvlile-bebi unda Setaniliyo evropul xelSek-rulebebSi 2000 wlis dekembrisaTvis. aRniSnuli konferencia gaimarTeba wlis pirvel naxevarSi portugali-is TavmjdomareobiT, xolo meore Sekrebas uxelmZRvanelebs safrangeTi. konferenciis mizania, gansazRvros evrokomisiis moculoba, Seafasos xmebi ministrTa sabWoSi da im gadawyvetile-baTa raodenobis SesaZlo zrda, rom-lebic SeiZleba miiRos kvalificireb-ulma umravlesobam. SesaZlebeli iqneba sxva reformebis gatarebac, romlebmac, albaT, unda gaiTvaliswinos meqanizmi imisaTvis, rom gazrdil evrokavSirs Zveleburad SeeZlos efeqturi gadaw-yvetilebebis miReba da moqalaqeTa molodinis dakmayofileba. 1999 wlis ivnisis evropuli arHevnebisas moqa-laqeebma gamoavlines ufro didi gamW-virvaleobis da institutebTan ufro mWidro TanamSromlobis survili. maT gauHndaT kiTxvebi: vin iRebs gadaw-yvetilebebs kavSirSi? rogor xdeba gadawyvetilebaTa miReba? rogor SeuZlia sazogadoebas Tanamegobrobis biujetSi Haricxuli fuladi saxsrebis

gankargvis Semowmeba?rezoluciaSi, romelsac kenWi eyara

1999 wlis 18 noembers, evroparlament-ma Seafasa mimdinare instituciuri reforma da mniSvnelovani amocana, kerZod, gaerTianebis „konstitucio-nalizacia”, dausaxa. amis mizania evro-pis daaxloeba Tavisive moqalaqeebTan, saerTo institutebis sxvadasxva pasux-ismgeblobaTa mkafiod da yovlismom-cvelad gansazRvra. am mcdelobas unda moexdina xelSekrulebaTa gaerTianeba erT teqstSi da ori nawilis diferen-cireba:

- konstituciis nawili, romelic dasaxavda kavSiris miznebs, funda-mentur uflebebs da instituteb-Tan da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procedurebTan dakavSirebul deb-ulebebs;

- nawili, romelic aRwerda saerTo politikas, rac procedurebis ganx-ilvas ufro moqnils gaxdida.

wevri qveynebis warmomadgenlebTan, erovnul parlamentebTan da evro-komisiasTan erTad evroparlamenti HarTulia evrokavSiris fundamenturi uflebebis wesdebis SeqmnaSi; muSaoba daiwyo 1999 wlis dekemberSi, kolo-nis evropuli sabWos mier 1999 wlis 4 ivniss gacemuli mandatis safuZvelze.

evropis parlamentis plenaruli sesia: umniSvnelovanesi politikuri roli evropis moqalaqeebis samsaxurSi.

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komisiam, romelsac 1999 wlis 15 seqtembridan romano prodi Tavmjdo-mareobda, evroparlamentis dax-marebiT Tavis Tavze aiRo kavSiris reformireba. 1999 wlis 10 noembers komisiis prezidentisa da pasuxismge-beli wevris, miSel barnies mier ward-genil dokumentSi — „institutebis adaptireba, raTa gafarToebis proce-si warmatebuli gamodges” — gamoTqmu-lia azri, rom mimdinare reforma ar niSnavs mxolod gzis gakvalvas gafar-ToebisaTvis, is niSnavs stabilurobas evropuli instituciuri sistemisaT-vis. komisia gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs kvalificirebuli umravleso-bis saarHevno xmebis gazrdas sabWoSi:

„is faqti, rom wevri qveynebis raodenoba TiTqmis gaormagda, niS-navs, rom gacilebiT win unda wavi-wioT. sxvadasxva wevrebis interesebi sul male iseTi mravalferovani gax-deba, rom advili SesaZlebeli iqneba kavSiris muSaobis blokireba. . . aqedan gamomdinare, kvalificirebuli umrav-lesobiT kenWisyra norma unda gaxdes, Zalian mciredi gamonaklisis garda im sakiTxebisaTvis, romlebic namdvilad fundamenturia an seriozuli politi-kuri datvirTva aqvs.”

Jan mone erTa ligis gamocdilebis TviTmxilveli iyo da icnobda iseT institutebs, romelTa sazRvrebSic saxelmwifos hqonda ufleba, eTqva „ara”. mone grZnobda, rom „veto erT-drulad iyo mizezic da simboloc imisa, rom adamianebs ar SeuZliaT sakuTar erovnul interesebze maRla dadgoma”.

Tanamegobrobis instituciuri sistemis safuZvels warmoqmnis dRidan warmoadgens sabWoSi kvalificirebuli umravlesobiT kenWisyris gafarToeba, gadawyvetilebis evroparlamentis TanamonawileobiT miReba da evro-komisiis gansakuTrebuli uflebis —gamoiHinos iniciativa — pativiscema.

SeiZleba Tu ara 30 wevri qveynisagan Semdgari kavSiri miHneuli iqnes si-cocxlisunarianad, Tu erT-erT wevr saxelmwifos SeuZlia nebismieri gadaw-yvetilebis SeHereba vetos uflebis gamoyenebiT?

dauSvebelia kavSiris gaZlierebis, konsolidirebis da gafarToebis gamijvna an miHneva erTmaneTTan Seu-Tavsebel aucileblobad. kandidati qveynebis interesebSia, gaxdnen iseTi instituciuri sistemis nawili, rom-lis struqturebi harmoniulad erw-ymis erTmaneTs da efeqturia gadaw-yvetilebis miRebis procedurebis TvalsazrisiT. aRniSnuli struqtura racionaluri unda iyos kavSiris moqa-laqeebis TvalSi da misi aRqma unda SeeZloT im arawevr qveynebsac, rom-lebic evrokavSirSi gaerTianebas elian. mimdinare mTavrobaTaSorisi konferencia unda damTavrdes 2000 wlis bolos da moamzados kavSiri gawevrianebasTan dakavSirebuli pir-veli xelSekrulebebis xelmosawerad dawyebuli 2003 wlidan im pirobiT, rom am periodisaTvis damTavrebuli iqneba molaparakebebi kandidat qvey-nebTan, xelSekrulebebi ratificire-buli iqneba wevri qveynebis mier da wardgenili iqneba dasamtkiceblad evroparlamentisaTvis. evroparlamen-tis 2004 wlis ivnisis arHevnebSi (Semdeg ki, 2005 wlidan, axal evrokomisiaSi) aucileblad iqneba warmodgenili cen-traluri da aRmosavleT evropisa da xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebi. aRniSnuli perspeqtiva gvafiqrebinebs, rom evro-kavSiris institutebi da wevri qvey-nebis mTavrobebi, kandidati qveynebis mTavrobebTan erTad, mzad arian am problemasTan SesaWideblad. kavSiri, romelmac warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi institutebis reformirebas, gafar-Toebas, warmatebebis konsolidirebas politikuri mSeneblobis gzaze, dam-fuZnebeli mamebis ocnebis xorcSesxma iqneba.

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evropis moqalaqeTa usafrTxoebis dasacavad

Hamoyalibebuli politikuri kavSiri

Tavdacvis mniSvneloba evrokavSiris mier samSvidobo misiis Sesrulebis

sakiTxSi

msoflios nebismieri kuTxis adami-anebis miswrafeba usafrTxoebisa da mSvidobisaken warmoadgens moqalaqesa da saxelmwifo uwyebebs Soris arse-buli socialuri SeTanxmebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes da samarTlebriv safuZvels. am ukanasknel wlebSi saer-TaSoriso sazogadoebrioba naklebad zrunavs usafrTxoebaze evropis kon-tinentze. dramatulma movlenebma bosniaSi, kosovosa da HeHneTSi udana-Saulo adamianebisaTvis sastiki Sedegi gamoiRo, gaaxsena kacobriobas masi-uri Zalmomreobis magaliTebi, rom-lebsac adgili hqonda XX saukuneSi da romlebic, siZulvilisa da Tavdacvis ideologiis saxeliT, xorcieldeboda miliciis ZalebiT.

evrokavSirs nakisri aqvs, win aRudg-es Zaladobas ara marto yvela xelSek-rulebaSi ZiriTad principad interes-Ta konfliqtebis mSvidobiani gadaw-yvetis SetaniT, aramed mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis sakiTxis gataniT Tavis sazRvrebs gareT da aqtiuri damcavi diplomatiis saSualebiT ganmtkice-biT. aRniSnul diplomatias zurgs umagrebs finansuri wyaroebi, ekonomi-kuri daxmareba da dadgenili „nou-hau”, roca saqme exeba konfliqtebis gadawyvetas.

maastrixtis xelSekrulebam, rome-lic ZalaSi Sevida 1993 wlis 1 noem-bers, sistemis saxe misca da gaaZliera diplomatiuri urTierTobis is wesebi da gamocdileba, romlebic ukve gamoiy-eneboda evropis qveynebs Soris. xelSek-rulebis mizani gansazRvrulia me-5 TavSi: „saerTo sagareo da usafrTxoe-

bis politika, romelic moicavs evroka-vSiris usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebul yvela sakiTxs. yovelive es gulisxmobs sabolood Tavdacvis erTiani politi-kis Hamoyalibebas, ramac, droTa ganma-vlobaSi, SeiZleba saerTo Tavdacvamde migviyvanos.” evropis qveynebis tradiciul sagareo moRvaweobasTan Sesabamisobis gaZlierebiT amsterda-mis xelSekruleba saerTo sagareo da usafrTxoebis politikas amdidrebs axali instrumentebiT. amJamad evro-kavSirs aqvs iseTi politikuri da administraciuli struqturebi, rom-lebic mas aZlevs saerTaSoriso poli-tikaSi yvela wevris saxeliT „erTi xmiT” laparakis saSualebas. saerTo sagareo da usafrTxoebis politikis maRali rangis warmomadgeneli iseve, rogorc ministrTa sabWos general-uri mdivani, moqmedebs evropuli sab-Wos uflebamosilebisa da komisiasTan mWidro TanamSromlobis safuZvelze da ganuxrelad icavs kavSiris diplo-matiur xazs. evrokavSiris mizania, msoflio masStabiT aamoqmedos mis mier nakisri pasuxismgeblobebi. man yur-adReba unda miaqcios saerTo faseu-lobebis, fundamenturi interesebis, kavSiris damoukideblobis, erTiano-bisa da usafrTxoebis dacvas. Tavisi moqmedebiT evrokavSiri cdilobs mSvi-dobis SenarHunebas, demokratiisa da kanonis uzenaesi Zalis ganmtkicebas.

dasavleT evropis kavSiri

dasavleT evropis kavSiri 1948 wels koleqtiuri Tavdacvis mizniT daaarses belgiam, safrangeTma, luqsemburgma, niderlandebma da gaerTianebulma samefom. dasavleT evropis kavSirSi Sedis 28 qveyana, rom-lebisTvisac igi warmoadgens forums dialogisa da TanamSromlobisaTvis usafrTxoebasTan da TavdacvasTan

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dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi. kavSiris wevri aTi qveyana amave dros evroka-vSiris wevri saxel-mwifoa da xeli aqvs mowerili Hrdilo atlantikis xelSekrulebebze. evrokavSiris xuT saxelmwifos (dania, irlandia, avs-tria, fineTi da SvedeTi, romlebic ar Sedian nato-Si) aqvs damkvirveblis statusi.

nato-s evropuli wevrebi, romle-bic ar miekuTvnebian evrokavSirs (cen-tralur da aRmosavleT evropasTan erTad) da romlebmac xeli moaweres evropul SeTanxmebebs kavSirTan, war-moadgenen dasavleT evropis kavSiris wevrebs, rogorc asocirebuli wevrebi an asocirebuli partniorebi.

evrokavSiri warmoadgens ekonomi-kur, savaluto da komerciul Zalas, romelic warmodgeba diplomatiuri rolis mqone moTamaSed. am moTamaSes aqvs saSualeba, xma miawvdinos msofli-os. ganviTarebis perspeqtiva karnaxobs evrokavSirs, isargeblos dasavleT evropis kavSiris gamoc-dilebiT samx-edro sakiTxebSi. amsterdamis xelSek-ruleba saxavs dasavleT evropis kav-Siris evrokavSirTan sruli integra-ciis saSualebas.

1999 wlis 11 dekembers gamarTulma helsinkis evropuli sabWos Sexvedram dasaxa Semdgomi nabijebi evropuli individualobis Seqmnis saqmeSi, rac dakavSirebuli iyo usafrTxoebasa da TavdacvasTan. principi, romelic gulisxmobs evrokavSiris miTiTebis safuZvelze samxedro operaciebis dawyebisa da warmarTvis avtonomiur SesaZleblobas, mniSvnelovani win gadadgmuli nabijia evropis politi-kuri rolis ganmtkicebis saqmeSi. 1999 wlis 24 aprils vaSingtonSi gamar-Tuli Sexvedra, romelmac Tavi mouya-ra nato-s qveynebis mTavrobaTa xel-mZRvanelebs, miesalma „amsterdamis xelSekrulebis axal Zalisxmevas, ro-

melic mimarTuli iyo evropis saerTo politikis gaZlierebisken usafrTxo-ebisa da Tavdacvis sakiTxebSi.” iqve xazgasmiT iqna aRniSnuli, rom „evro-pis ufro gazrdili roli did wvlils Seitans Hveni TanamSromlobis ganvi-Tarebis saqmeSi, rac ase Zlier gvWird-eba XXI saukuneSi. TanamSromloba ki, Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens koleqtiuri Tavdacvis safuZvels wevri qveynebi-saTvis.”

helsinkis evropulma sabWom, Sesa-bamisad, gamoitana daskvnebi evrokav-Siris politikur gadawyvetilebasTan dakavSirebiT, aiRos avtonomiuri roli evropis mier aliansis sazRvreb-Si ganxorcielebul moqmedebebSi. sabWoze gadawyda, rom „wevr qveynebs, romlebic moxaliseobis principiT TanamSromlobdnen evrokavSiris mier warmoebul operaciebSi, 2003 wlisaTvis unda SeeZloT samxedro Zalebis (daax-loebiT 50 000 - 60 000 adamianis) gaSla 60 dReSi da maTi Senaxva, sul mcire, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi.” am Zalebs erToblivad unda SeeZloT „humanita-ruli da saevakuacio, mSvidobis dac-vis da sabrZolo misiebis Sesruleba krizisis marTvis da mSvidobis aRdge-nis mizniT,” rogorc es gaTvaliswine-bulia amsterdamis xelSekrulebis safuZvelze Sesworebul evrokavSiris Seqmnis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis me-17 muxlSi. politikuri, usafrTxoebisa da samxedro komitetebisa da saerTo Stabbinis Seqmna evrokavSirs miscems samoqmedo instrumentebs, romlebic aucilebelia amgvari misiis gansaxor-cieleblad.

amgvarad, evrokavSiri TandaTan Slis adamianTa mexsierebidan evropis Tavdacvis gaerTianebasTan dakavSire-bul samwuxaro marcxs, romelmac 1954 wels xeli SeuSala integraciis mcde-lobas. kosovos movlenebma, axalma geo-politikurma mdgomareobam, romelic saTaves „civi omis” bolo wlebidan iRebs, saerTaSoriso saqmeebSi evroka-

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vSiris rolis zrdasTan dakavSirebiT politikuri kavSiris Seqmnis aucile-blobam ganamtkices Zlieri avtonomi-uri evropis samomavlo perspeqtiva.

umciresobaTa uflebebis garantirebasTan dakavSirebuli

diplomatia

SeiaraRebuli intervencia ukanas-kneli xerxia demokratiisaTvis mas Semdeg, rac warumateblobas ganic-dis yvelanairi diplomatiuri gza da molaparakeba. evrokavSiris sagareo politika prioritets aniWebs im principebis eqsportirebas, romleb-mac uzrunvelyo kavSiris mSvidobiani ganviTareba: saerTo keTildReobisken swrafva, kanonis uzenaesoba, sadavo sakiTxebis mogvareba institutebis mier, diskriminaciasa da upirateso-bebze uaris Tqma.

principebma, romlebsac emyare-ba saerTo sagareo da usafrTxoebis politika, ukve daamtkica Tavisi nayo-fiereba da ukeTesi momavali dasaxa mZime mdgomareobaSi myofi regi-onebisaTvis kontinentze. maastrixtis xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad evrokavSiris mier ganxorcielebulma pirvelma erToblivma RonisZiebam uzrunve-lyo parizSi 1995 wlis 21 marts sta-bilurobis Sesaxeb paqtis dadeba. am paqtis (romelsac im droidan moyole-buli evropis usafrTxoebisa da TanamSromlobis organizacia marTav-da) mizans warmoadgenda sazRvrebis konsolidireba da centralur evropasa da baltiispireTis qveynebSi mcxovreb umciresobaTa uflebebis dacva. evrokavSirma daamkvidra centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi regionul molaparakebaTa mrgval magidasTan warmoebis meTodi. aseTi dialogis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda ormxrivi da mravalmxrivi SeTanxmebebis dade-ba monawile saxelmwifoebs Soris da Zveli, istoriuli konfliqtebisTvis bolos moReba.

samxreT-aRmosavleT evropisaTvis stabilurobis Sesaxeb paqtis (miRebuli iqna 1999 wlis ivnisSi kolonSi da saT-aves iRebda kosovos omis gakveTilebi-dan) mxardaWeriT evrokavSirma kidev erTxel daadastura mSvidobiani dia-logis didi upiratesoba da Tavisi swrafva saerTo keTildReobisaken. SeiZleba Tu ara regionuli mrgvali magidis meTodis gamoyeneba balka-neTis, kavkasiis Tu xmelTaSua zRvis saxelmwifoebis mimarT? evrokavSiri mowodebulia mSvidobisa da region-uli integraciis „inJinrad”. amgvarad igi agrZelebs Jan mones mier stras-burgSi parlamentis winaSe 1954 wlis 30 noembers gamoTqmul azrs: „sxvadasxva qveynebs Soris TiToeulis upirate-soba SezRudulia am qveynis mcdeloba-Ta SedegebiT, mezoblebTan SedarebiT miRebuli mogebiTa da im siZneleebiT, romlebsac es qveyana imave mezoblebs gadascems. Hvens TanamegobrobaSi TiToeuli wevri qveynis upirateso-bas warmoadgens mTlianobaSi yvelas keTildReoba.”

gadaadgileba evrokavSiris farglebSi sruli Tavisuflebisa da usafrTxoebis pirobebSi

Tanamegobrobis teritoriaze gadaadgilebis Tavisufleba, yvela-nairi Semowmebisa da SezRudvis gareSe, evrokavSiris moqalaqeTa mizansa da uflebas warmoadgenda jer kidev 1986 wlis saerTo evropul aqtsa da 1992 wlis maastrixtis xelSekrulebaSi. warmoudgeneli iqneboda iseTi saer-To bazris arseboba, sadac sazRvre-bze Tavisuflad imoZravebda saqone-li, kapitali da momsaxureba, magram igive ar Seexeboda imave teritori-is mosaxleobas. garda ekonomikuri logikisa, romelmac xeli unda Seuwyos Sromis mobilurobas da kadrebis saukeTeso ganawilebas, es sakiTxi war-moadgens evropis moqalaqeobis arss,

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romelmac gadawona piradi Semowmebis gauqmebis sakiTxis dasabuTebisas. 1985 wlis 14 ivnisis Sengenis xelSekruleba, romelsac xeli moaweres wevrma qvey-nebma, TandaTanobiT gavrcelda kav-Siris yvela saxelmwifoze (gaerTianeb-uli samefosa da irlandiis garda) da SesaZlebeli gaxada aRniSnuli zomis realurad ganxorcieleba, rasac evro-pelebi sixaruliT Sexvdnen. ramdeni Hvengani ityvis dRes uars am elemen-tarul uflebaze, iseve Tavisuflad imogzauros berlinidan lisabonSi an romidan strasburgSi, rogorc sakuTar qveyanaSi? 1997 wels dadebulma amster-damis xelSekrulebam Sengenis xelSek-rulebis principebi Seitana teqstSi, romlis safuZvelzec daarsda evroka-vSiri.

SeuZlebeli iqneboda, kiTxvis qveS damdgariyo saxelmwifos iseTi tradiciuli prerogativa, rogoric aris misi erovnuli suverenitetis nawili - sasazRvro Semowmeba, Tu moqa-laqeebs ver SevuqmnidiT garantias, rom maTi usafrTxoeba uzrunvelyofili iqneboda mTlianad evropasa da maT

sakuTar qveynebSi. sazogadoebrioba ufro da ufro met SeSfoTebas gamoTq-vams dRevandeli daucvelobis, mcire da seriozuli danaSaulebis (romleb-sac aZlierebs iaraRisa da narkoti-kul nivTierebaTa kontrabanda), saer-TaSoriso danaSaulebis, aralegaluri imigraciisa da terorizmis gamo.

fineTis Tavmjdomareobis periodSi tamperes evropul sabWoSi mowveuli iqna specialuri Sexvedra (1999 wlis 15-16 oqtomberi), romelzec ganixiles amsterdamSi miRebuli debulebebis ganxorcielebis sakiTxi. Sexvedraze gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo aRniSnuli debulebebis gavlenas evropelebis yoveldRiur cxovre-baze: „Tavisuflebis gancda moiTxovs Sesabamis kanonmdeblobas, roca ada-mianebs SeuZliaT mimarTon sasamar-Tlosa da mmarTvel organoebs nebism-ieri wevri qveynis teritoriaze iseve Tavisuflad, rogorc Tavis mSobliur qveyanaSi. damnaSaveebma ver unda SeZlon sargebloba wevri qveynebis kanonmde-blobaSi arsebuli gansxvavebebiT. . . xalxma unda icodes, rom evrokavSiri

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mzad aris maTi Tavisuflebisa da kanon-ieri uflebebis dasacavad nebismieri moZaladis muqarisagan. danaSaulisa da kriminaluri organizaciebis winaaRm-deg sabrZolvelad aucilebelia erTo-blivi Zalisxmeva mTels evrokavSirSi. policiisa da sasamarTlo meqanizmebis erToblivi mobilizeba aucilebelia imis garantirebisaTvis, rom evro-kavSirSi ar iqneba dasamali adgili borotmoqmedisa Tu borotmoqme-debisaTvis.”

„Hven ar vayalibebT koaliciebs sax-elmwifoTa Soris, Hveni mizania adami-anebs Soris kavSiris damyareba,” — Tqva Jan monem.

evrokavSiris ltolvam rogorc sagareo, ise Sida usafrTxoebisken unda moipovos moqalaqeTa mxardaWera da ganxorcielebuli unda iqnes gamW-

virvaleobisa da demokratiuli kon-trolis pirobebSi. evropulma sabWom gamoTqva Tavisi ganzraxva, waaxalisos Ria dialogi samoqalaqo sazogadoe-basTan am sferoSi arsebuli miznebi-sa da praqtikuli mxareebis Sesaxeb, romlebic jer SemuSavebis procesSia. ueWvelia, rom aseTi farTomasStabi-ani proeqtis gansaxorcieleblad fas-daudebelia demokratiuli debatebi. aseve ueWvelia, rom evrokavSiri dadge-ba Zalian mniSvnelovani da delikatu-ri amocanis winaSe, roca molaparake-bas daiwyebs kandidat qveynebTan cen-traluri da aRmosavleT evropidan da sakiTxi Seexeba kavSiris ukve arsebul miRwevebs am sferoSi, raTa uzrunve-lyofili iqnes im gare sazRvrebis kon-troli, romlebic aziisa da ruseTis sazRvrebamde vrceldeba.

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ra aris integraciis umTavresi mizani? aSendes evropa xalxisaTvis Tu evropa biznesmenTaTvis? evropis Tanamegobrobis damaarseblebs amoZ-ravebdaT survili, SeeqmnaT iseTi struqtura, romelic SeuZlebels gaxdida evropis gaxleHas axali ZmaTamkvleli omiT. amaT Zlieri, efeqtiani instituciuri struqturis daarseba undodaT da amitom ufro pragmatuli midgoma airHies, midgoma, romelic koncentrirebuli iyo qvana-xSirsa da foladze, saerTo bazarze, soflis meurneobasa da konkurenci-aze. Sedegad miviReT Tanamegobroba, romelic zogierTebs teqnokratiu-li eHvenebaT im mxriv, rom mas mar-Taven saxelmwifo moxeleebi, ekono-mistebi, iuristebi da maTi msgavsni. magram simarTle is aris, rom gran-

diozuli Hanafiqri Hanafiqrad dar-Heboda, rom ara ganuxreli mxardaWera Tanamegobrobis institutebis mxridan da maTi politikuri neba.

xelSekrulebebSi dasaxul mizanTa umravlesoba miRweulia: aRar arsebobs sabaJo an sagadasaxado barierebi an wesebi, romlebic krZalaven calkeul pirTa saqmianobas an momsaxurebis da kapitalis Tavisufal gadaadgilebas. Hven SeiZleba ver vxvdebodeT, magram yoveldRiurad viRebT sargebels axlad Seqmnili saerTo bazrisagan; es aris saqonlis farTo asortimentis xelmisawvdomoba; konkurencia, romlis Sedegadac klebulobs fasebi; poli-tika, romelic uzrunvelyofs momx-mareblisa da garemos dacvas; umaRles doneze harmonizebuli standartebi.

magram evropeloba ara marto evro-

axalgazrdoba evropis momavalia. Sesabamisad, evrokavSirma maTTvis moamzada didi progr-amebi iseT sferoebSi, rogoric aris ganaTleba, specialuri momzadeba, moswavleTa gacvla da dasaqmeba. es sakiTxi erT-erTi umniSvnelovane-sia evropis moqalaqeebisaTvis.

daskvna:moqalaqe - evropuli proeqtis mTavari

sazrunavi„yvelaze metad gvWirdeba gulebisa da gonebis erTobis aSeneba, romelsac zurgs gaumagrebs saerTo bed-iRblis SegrZneba - idea, rom evropis saerTo moqalaqeebi

varT.”

romano prodi,evrokomisiis perezidenti,

mimarTva evroparlamentisadmi 1999 wlis 14 seqtembers

36

pel momxmareblobas an evropis eko-nomikis xelSewyobas gulisxmobs. es ukve evrokavSiris moqalaqeobasac niS-navs.

imis wyalobiT, rom Tanamegobroba mudam cdilobda sxvadasxva qveynis dadgenilebaTa erTmaneTTan miaxloe-bas, dRes yoveli wevri saxelmwifo aRi-arebs praqtikosi eqimebis, iuristebis, meddebis, veterinarebis, farmacev-tebis, arqiteqtorebis, sadazRvevo brokerebis da sxva mSromelTa kvali-fikacias, romelic sxva wevr saxelmwi-foebSia miRebuli.

dadga dro kulturuli integra-ciisa Semdgomi progresis misaRwevad da erTiani cnobierebis Hamosayali-beblad.

am procesSi Tavisi wvlili unda Seitanos ganaTlebam da mosamzadebel-ma programebma.

saerTo-saxalxo evropas jer didi gza aqvs gasavleli. ukve arsebobs evro-puli pasporti (moqmedebs 1985 wli-dan), evropis himni („sixarulis oda” beThovenis me-9 simfoniidan) da droSa (cisfer fonze Tormeti oqrosferi wriulad ganlagebuli varskvlavi). 1996 wlidan wevr saxelmwifoebSi gamo-dis marTvis ufleba, romelic mTeli evrokavSiris teritoriaze moqmedebs. da, albaT, male dadgeba dro, roca iarsebebs evropis olimpiuri gunde-bi an mravalerovnuli Semadgenlobis samxedro SenaerTebi.

erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlena, romelmac, albaT, udide-si fsiqologiuri zegavlena iqonia xalxisTvis gamiznuli evropis Senebis saqmeSi, iyo 1999 wels erTiani valutis SemoReba.

imisaTvis, rom evropis moqalaqes gaeTavisebina cneba ,,evrokavSiri,’’ evrokavSiris Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad daarsda ombudsmenis insti-tuti. ombudsmens (saxeli skandinavi-uri tradiciidan momdinareobs) niS-navs evroparlamenti da misi ufle-

bamosilebis vada emTxveva evropar-lamentis uflebamosilebis vadas. ombudsmens SeuZlia Tanamegobrobis institutebis Tu organizaciebis winaaRmdeg saHivrebis miReba. evroka-vSiris nebismier moqalaqes, wevr sax-elmwifoSi mcxovreb yvela fizikur Tu iuridiul pirs da am saxelmwifoSi registrirebuli saqmianobis mqone pirebs SeuZliaT ombudsmens warudgi-non sakiTxi gansaxilvelad. saHivris miRebis Semdeg ombudsmeni cdilobs, Tanamegobrobis institutebTan sada-vo sakiTxi mSvidobianad gadawyvitos. ombudsmenis instituti 1995 wlis seqtemberSi amoqmedda da mas Semdeg 1400-ze meti saHivari miiRo. moqalaqee-bsa da institutebs Soris kavSiris mniSvnelovani wyaroa evroparlamen-tis tradicia, miiRos wevri saxelmwi-foebis mcxovrebTa peticiebi.

amsterdamis xelSekruleba miznad isaxavs, dauaxloos evrokavSiri moqa-laqeebs umuSevrobasTan, daucvelo-basa Tu imigraciasTan dakavSirebuli maTi problemebis gadaWris gziT.

garda amisa, amsterdamis xelSek-rulebaSi SeimHneva progresi adamianTa ZiriTadi uflebebis ganxorcielebis sferoSi. ,,sanqciebis procedura’’ gulisxmobs, rom SeHerebuli iqneba im wevri saxelmwifos xelSekrulebiT gansazRvruli uflebebi, romelSic irRveva adamianTa ZiriTadi uflebebi. amsterdamis molaparakebisas gafar-Tovda, agreTve, principi, mimarTuli erovnul (me-6(a) muxli), sqesobriv, rasobriv, religiur, asakobriv da seq-sualuri orientaciis niadagze adami-anTa diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg. garda amisa, diskriminaciis sawinaaRmdego princips daemata mamakacTa da qalTa Tanasworoba.

dabolos, amsterdamis xelSekru-leba iTvaliswinebs im politikis gaumjobesebas, romelic exeba moqa-laqeTaTvis evropuli institutebis mier SemuSavebuli dokumentebis gamW-

37

virvaleobas da xelmisawvdomobas.1979 wels evroparlamentis wevrTa

pirdapiri arHevnebis SemoRebam xeli Seuwyo integraciis procesis dakanone-bas, vinaidan SesaZlebeli gaxda uSua-lo kavSiris damyareba xalxTan. parla-mentma ufro mniSvnelovani roli unda iTamaSos; ufro mWidro kavSiri unda arsebobdes calkeul adamianebTan, rac asociaciebisa da politikuri orga-nizaciebis meSveobiT SeiZleba ganxor-cieldes; garda amisa, usaTuod unda Seiqmnas evropuli partiebi. Tundac marto es HamonaTvali adasturebs, rom, Tumca Tavad evropa realobas warmoadgens, evropis moqalaqeoba jer kidev sawyis stadiaSia.

didi Secdoma iqneboda, Tu evropis integracias ganvixilavdiT mxolod rogorc Hveni qveynebis ekonomikebis misadagebis mcdelobas Tavisufali saerTaSoriso vaWrobisa da global-izaciis amocanebTan. saerToevropul ideas safuZvlad udevs dakvirveba, rom „adamianebi, romlebic aRmoHndebian axal garemoSi an romlebsac ekisre-baT axali valdebulebebis Sesruleba, axdenen TavianTi saqcielis adapta-cias da icvlebian. Tu axali konte-

qsti ukeTesia, adamianebic ukeTesebi xdebian: swored amaSi mdgomareobs evro-puli Tanamegobrobisa da TviT civilizaciis procesis mTeli azri” (Jan mone). adamiani moqceulia evro-puli proeqtis centrSi. man nebayo-flobiTi moqmedebisa da survilis safuZvelze unda SeZlos gakveTilis miReba warsulis Secdomebidan da uke-Tesi msoflio moumzados momaval Taobebs. XX saukunis evropa, kontinen-ti, romelic, rogorc brZolis veli, mowmea istoriis yvelaze tragikuli movlenebisa, suverenuli saxelmwifoe-bisa da totalitaruli ideologiebis Sejaxebisa, ris Sedegadac milionobiT udanaSaulo adamiani igzavneboda omSi an xdeboda dagegmili genocidis msx-verpli, amTavrebs Tavis cvlilebas da mesame aTaswleuls xvdeba erToblivi instrumentebiT, romlebic yvela ada-mians xangrZliv mSvidobas hpirdeba.

robert Sumanisa da misi drois arqi-teqtorebis mier datovebuli memkvi-dreobis safuZvelze axla ukve evropis xalxebma unda daasrulon kontinen-tis gaerTianeba da mudmivad ifiqron, Tu ra wvlilis Setana SeuZlia gaer-Tianebul evropas civilizaciaSi.

38

SeuZlebelia msoflioSi mSvidobis garantireba, Tuki ar iqna miRebuli muqarisa da safrTxis proporciuli qmediTi zomebi.

mSvidobian urTierTobaTa Sesanar-Huneblad fasdaudebelia wvlili, romelic gaerTianebul da reorgani-zebul evropas SeuZlia Seitanos civi-lizaciaSi. safrangeTi, romelmac 20 weliwadze meti xnis win itvirTa evro-pis gaerTianebisTvis mebrZolis roli, Tavis umniSvnelovanes miznad yovelT-vis mSvidobisTvis brZolas miiHnevda. evropis gaerTianebas ver mivaRwieT da gaimarTa omi.

erTiani evropa ver Seiqmneba erTba-Sad anda raime erTi gegmis safuZvel-ze. misi aSeneba SesaZlebelia mxolod konkretuli miRwevebis saSualebiT, pirvel rigSi ki unda damyardes de facto solidaroba. evropis xalxTa gaerTianebis aucilebeli pirobaa saf-rangeTisa da germaniis ZvelTaZveli opoziciis daZleva. nebismieri gadadg-muli nabiji pirvel rigSi am or qveya-nas unda Seexebodes.

iTvaliswinebs ra aRniSnul mizans, safrangeTis mTavroba gTavazobT, dauyovnebliv miviRoT zomebi erT TiTqosda patara, magram am dros arse-biTi mniSvnelobis mqone sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT:

gTavazobT, safrangeTisa da ger-maniis qvanaxSiris mopoveba da fola-dis warmoeba mTlianad daeqvemdebaros saerTo umaRles organos da moeqces erTiani organizaciis farglebSi; am organizaciis kari Ria unda iyos evro-pis sxva qveynebisTvisac.

qvanaxSiris mopovebisa da fola-dis warmoebis gaerTianebis Sedegad dau-yovnebliv unda SemuSavdes saer-

To principebi ekonomikuri ganviTa-re-bisTvis, rac pirveli nabiji iqne-ba evropis gaerTianebis gzaze, es ki Secvlis im regionebis beds da daniS-nulebas, romlebsac didi xnis ganmav-lobaSi uwevdaT iaraRisa da saomari aRWurvilobis warmoeba da romlebic Tavad yvelaze metad zaraldebodnen am omebisgan.

amgvarad damkvidrebuli erTiani warmoeba naTlad dagvanaxebs, rom nebismieri omi safrangeTsa da ger-manias Soris araTu warmoudgene-li, aramed realurad SeuZlebelic aris. warmoebis am mZlavri sistemis Hamoyalibeba, sistemisa, romlis karic Ria iqneba monawileobis msurveli yvela qveynisTvis da romelic movale iqneba, yvela wevri qveyana Tanabrad uzrunvelyos samrewvelo produqciis umTavresi elementebiT, safuZvels Hauyris am qveynebis WeSmarit ekonomi-kur erTianobas.

zemoxsenebuli produqcia miewode-ba mTel msoflios, ar iqneba aranairi garHeva Tu gamonaklisebi. amis mizania adamianTa cxovrebis donis amaRlebisa da mSvidobian miRwevaTa xelSewyoba. gazrdili resursebis mqone evropas miecema SesaZlebloba, miaRwios Tavis erT-erT ZiriTad amocanas - kerZod, afrikis kontinentis ganviTarebas.

am gziT martivad da swrafad mox-deba interesTa gaerTianeba, romelic fasdaudebelia saerTo ekonomikuri sistemis HamoyalibebisaTvis da rom-lis safuZvelzec warmoiSoba ufro farTo da yovlismomcveli erToba im qveynebs Soris, romlebic didi xnis ganmavlobaSi erTmaneTis mimarT sisx-liani dapirispirebiT gamoirHe-odnen.

warmoebis ZiriTadi saxeebis gaer-

danarTi

1950 wlis 9 maisis deklaracia

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TianebiT da iseTi axali umaRlesi organos daarsebiT, romlis gadawyve-tilebebic savaldebulo iqneba safr-angeTis, germaniisa da sxva wevri qvey-nebisaTvis, es idea migviyvans evropis federaciis pirvel konkretul reali-zebamde, amas ki udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs mSvidobis SenarHunebis saqmeSi.

dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad saf-rangeTis mTavroba mzad aris, daiwyos molaparakebebi Semdeg safuZvelze:

zemoaRniSnuli saerTo umaRlesi organos amocana unda gaxdes warmoe-bis modernizeba umokles droSi da produqciis xarisxis gaumjobeseba; saf-rangeTisa da germaniis, agreTve, sxva wevri qveynebis bazrebisaTvis qva-naxSi-risa da foladis erTnairi piro-bebiT miwodeba, sxva qveynebSi eqspor-tis erTnairi pirobebiT warmoeba da eqsportis ganviTareba; am warmoebebSi momuSave pirTa sacxovrebeli piro-bebis gaTanabreba da gaumjobeseba.

dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad, im metad gansxvavebuli pirobebis gaT-valiswinebiT, romlebSic wevri qvey-nebis warmoebebi amJamad imyofeba, ganzraxulia garkveuli gardamavali RonisZiebebis SemoReba (magaliTad, warmoebisa da investirebis gegmis gam-oyeneba, gaTanabrebuli fasebis sakom-pensacio meqanizmis SemoReba da war-moebis racionalizebis xelSesawyo-bad restruqturizaciis fondis daarse-ba). wevr qveynebs Soris qvanaxSirisa da foladis moZraoba dauyovnebliv gaTavisufldeba yovelgvari sabaJo gadasaxadisgan da ar imoqmedebs gan-sxvavebuli satransporto tarifebi. TandaTanobiT damkvidrdeba piro-bebi, romlebic mwarmoeblurobis umaRlesi donis miRwevis SemTxvevaSi TavisTavad uzrunvelyofs produq-ciis ganawilebisas calkeuli qveynebis saWiroebaTa gaTvalis-winebas.

saerTaSoriso kartelebisgan gans-xvavebiT, romlebic erovnuli bazrebis ganawilebasa da am bazrebis eqspluata-ciaze SezRudvebs aweseben, da maRali

mogebis SesanarHuneblad Hveni struq-tura uzrunvelyofs bazrebis Serwymas da warmoebis gafarToebas.

zemoT gansazRvruli umTavresi principebi da valdebulebebi daeqvem-debareba xelSekrulebas, romelsac xels moaweren saxelmwifoebi, Semdeg ki xelSekruleba am saxelmwifoebis parlamentebs waredgineba ratifici-re-bisTvis. TanamegobrobaSi gawevri-anebaze ganacxadebTan dakavSirebuli detalebis mosagvareblad saWiro molaparakebebi gaimarTeba saerTo SeTanxmebis safuZvelze daniSnuli arbitris daxmarebiT. am arbitrs dae-kisreba Tvalyuris midevneba, rom miRweuli SeTanxmebebi Seesabamebodes dasaxul principebs, xolo Tu mdgo-mareoba HixSi Seva, arabitrma unda gadawyvitos, ra gadawyvetileba unda iqnes miRebuli. Hvens mier dasaxuli programis mmarTvel saerTo umaRles organoSi Sevlen mTavrobaTa mier Tanabari wamomadgenlobis safuZvel-ze daniSnuli damoukidebeli pirebi. Tavmjdomare arHeuli iqneba mTavro-bebis saerTo SeTanxmebis safuZvelze. am umaRlesi organos gadawyvetile-bebis xorcSesxma SesaZle-beli iqneba safrangeTSi, germaniasa da sxva wevr qveynebSi. SemuSavdeba saTanado zomebi am organos gadawyvetilebaTa gasasa-Hivreblad.

umaRles organoSi mivlenili iqne-ba gaerTianebuli erebis organiza-ciis uflebamosili warmomadgeneli, romelmac gaero-s weliwadSi orjer unda warudginos angariSi axali orga-nizaciis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, gansa-kuTrebiT ki dasaxuli miznebis dacvas-Tan dakavSirebiT.

umaRlesi organos kompetenci-aSi ar Seva sawarmoTa mflobelobis meTodebis dadgena. Tavisi funqciebis ganxorcielebisas saerTo umaRlesi organo gaiTvaliswinebs ruris saer-TaSoriso organosTvis miniWebul Zalauflebas da germaniisTvis da-kis-rebul yvelanair valdebulebas, sanam es valdebulebebi ZalaSi iqneba.

40

19509 maisiJan mones mier STagonebul sityvaSi safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma robert Sumanma wamoayena winadadeba, rom safrangeTma, germaniis fede-raci-ulma respublikam da evropis nebis-mierma qveyanam, romelsac surs maTTan SemoerTeba, unda gaaerTianon TavianTi qvanaxSirisa da foladis resursebi.

195118 aprilieqvsma saxelmwifom xeli moawera xelSekrulebas, romlis safuZvelzec parizSi daarsda evropis qvanaxSiris mompovebeli da foladis mwarmoebeli qveynebis gaerTianeba.

195227 maisiparizSi xelmowerili iqna xelSekrule-ba, romlis safuZvelzec daarsda evro-pis TavdacviTi gaerTianeba (EDC).

195430 agvistosafrangeTis parlamentma uaryo xelSekruleba evropis TavdacviTi gaerTianebis Sesaxeb.

20-dan 23 oqtombramdelondonis konferenciis Semdeg parizSi xelmowerili iqna SeTanxmebebi briuse-lis modificirebuli xelSek-rulebis Sesaxeb da daarsda dasavleT evropis kavSiri.

19551 da 2 ivnisieqvsi damaarsebeli qveynis sagareo saqmeTa ministrebi Sexvdnen erTmaneTs mesinaSi da gadawyvites evropuli inte-

graciis gavrceleba ekonomikis yvela sferoze.

195725 martiromSi xelmowerili iqna xelSekrule-bebi, romelTa safuZvelze daarsda evropis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis organizacia da evropis TanamSromlo-bis organizacia atomuri energiis dargSi.

19581 ianvariZalaSi Sevida romis xelSekrulebebi da briuselSi Hamoyalibda evropis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis orga-nizaciisa da atomuri energiis dargSi evropis TanamSromlobis organizaciis komisiebi.

19604 ianvarigaerTianebuli samefos iniciativiT xelmowerili iqna stokholmis kon-vencia, romlis safuZvelzec daarsda evropaSi Tavisufali vaWrobis asocia-cia.

196230 ivlisiSemoRebuli iqna saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo politika.

196314 ianvarigeneralma de golma preskonferenci-aze gamoacxada, rom TanamegobrobaSi gaerTianebuli samefos gawevrianebas-Tan dakavSirebiT safrangeTi gamo-iyenebs vetos uflebas.

20 ivlisiiaundeSi xelmowerili iqna asocire-buli SeTanxmeba evrogaerTianebasa da afrikis 18 saxelmwifos Soris.

umniSvnelovanesi TariRebi evropuli integraciis istoriaSi

41

19658 aprilibriuselSi xelmowerili iqna xelSek-ruleba, romlis Tanaxmadac moxda sami Tanamegobrobis aRmasrulebel xelisuflebaTa Serwyma. es xelSek-ruleba ZalaSi Sedis 1967 wlis 1 ivliss.

196629 ianvarimiRweulia ,,luqsemburgis kompro-misi”; safrangeTma kvlav daikava Tavisi adgili sabWoSi, sanacvlod ki SenarHunebuli iqna gadawyvetilebis erTxmad miRebis procedura, rodesac safrTxe emuqreba sasicocxlo mniSvn-elobis interesebs.

19681 ivlisiganrigiT gaTvaliswinebulze 18 TviT adre samrewvelo saqonliT Tanamegobrobis Sida vaWrobaSi uqm-deba SemorHenili sabaJo gadasaxadebi da SemoRebulia sabaJoebis saerTo tarifi.

19691 da 2 dekemberihaagis samitze wevri saxelmwifoe-bis Tu maTi mTavrobebis meTaurebma gadawyvites gardamavali periodis dasruleba, risTvisac miiRes gad-amwyveti zomebi saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo politikis SemosaRebad da SeTanxmdnen, rom Tanamegobrobas mis-cen misi sakuTari resursebi.

197022 aprililuqsemburgSi xelmowerili iqna xelSekruleba, romlis Tanaxmadac TandaTanobiT unda SemoeRoT saku-Tari resursebis sistema. garda amisa, xelSekrulebam gaafarTova evropar-lamentis sabiujeto uflebamosileba.

30 ivnisiluqsemburgSi daiwyo molaparake-ba oTx momaval wevrTan (daniasTan, irlandiasTan, norvegiasa da gaer-Tianebul samefosTan).

197222 ianvaribriuselSi xelmowerili iqna xelSek-ruleba daniis, irlandiis, norvegiisa da gaerTianebuli samefos gawevri-anebis Sesaxeb.

24 apriliSemoRebulia savaluto “snake”; evroka-vSiris damaarsebeli eqvsi sa-xelmwifo SeTanxmda imis Taobaze, rom 2.25%-iT Semoefargla cvalebadobis zRvari maT fulad erTeulebs Soris.

19731 ianvaridania, irlandia da gaerTianebuli samefo uerTdebian evrogaerTianebas (referendumis Semdeg norvegiam uari Tqva gawevrianebaze).

19749 da 10 dekemberiparizis samitze wevri saxelmwifoe-bis Tu maTi mTavrobebis meTaurebma gadawyvites, evropuli sabWos saxiT Seikribon weliwadSi samjer; garda amisa, daadgines evropis parlamentis pirdapiri arHevnebis Hatareba say-ovelTao kenWisyris saSualebiT da SeTanxmdnen evropis regionuli ganvi-Tarebis fondis daarsebaze.

197528 TebervalilomeSi xelmowerili iqna pirveli kon-vencia Tanamegobrobasa da afrikis, karibis zRvispireTisa da wynari okean-is auzis 46 saxelmwifos Soris.

22 ivlisixelmowerili iqna xelSekruleba, romlis safuZvelzec evroparla-ments ufro farTo sabiujeto ufle-

42

bamosileba mieniWa da daarsda audi-torTa sasamarTlo. es xelSekruleba ZalaSi Seva 1977 wlis 1 ivniss.

19786 da 7 ivlisievropuli sabWos bremenis sxdo-maze safrangeTma da germaniam war-moadgines gegma fuladi politikis sferoSi ufro mWidro urTierTobis Sesaxeb (evropis monetaruli sistema), ris Sedegadac SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda savaluto “snake”-is Secvla.

197913 martimoqmedebas iwyebs evropis monetaruli sistema.

28 maisixelmowerili iqna xelSekruleba, rom-lis Tanaxmadac evrogaerTianebas SeuerTda saberZneTi.

7 da 10 ivnisiHatarda 410 adgiliani evroparlamen-tis pirveli pirdapiri arHevnebi.

31 oqtomberilomeSi xelmowerili iqna meore kon-vencia Tanamegobrobasa da afrikis, karibis zRvispireTisa da wynari okean-is auzis 58 saxelmwifos Soris.

19811 ianvarievrogaerTianebas uerTdeba saberZne-Ti.

198428 TebervalimiRebuli iqna evropis strategiuli programa sainformacio teqnologiis sferoSi samecniero kvlevisa da ganvi-TarebisaTvis (Esprit).

14 da 17 ivnisimeored Hatarda evroparlamentis wevrTa pirdapiri arHevnebi.8 dekemberi

togoSi xelmowerili iqna lomes mesame konvencia evrogaerTianebis aT wevrsa da afrikis, karibis zRvispireTisa da wynari okeanis auzis 66 saxelmwifos Soris.

1985ianvarievrokomisiis prezidentad iniSneba Jak delori.

2-dan 4 dekembramdeevropuli sabWos luqsemburgis sxdo-maze evrogaerTianebis wevri aTi sa-xelmwifo Tanxmdeba romis xelSe-krulebaSi SesworebaTa Setanaze da ,,erTiani evropuli aqtis” SemuSavebiT evropuli integraciis procesis gamo-cocxlebaze.

19861 ianvarievrogaerTianebas uerTdebian espaneTi da portugalia.

17 da 28 TebervaliluqsemburgSi da haagaSi xelmowerili iqna erTiani evropuli aqti.

198714 aprili ganacxadi evrogaerTianebaSi gawevri-anebis Sesaxeb waradgina TurqeTma.

1 ivlisiZalaSi Sedis erTiani evropuli aqti.

27 oqtomberidasavleT evropis kavSiri haagaSi Rebulobs usafrTxoebis erToblivi politikis platformas.

1988Tebervaliganxorcielda evropis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis politikis dafi-nansebis reforma. dadgenilia xar-jebis mravalwliani programa 1988-92 wlebisaTvis. struqturuli fondebis reforma.

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1989ianvariJak delori kidev oTxi wliT iniSneba evrokomisiis prezidentad.

15 da 18 ivnisimesamed Hatarda evroparlamentis wevrTa pirdapiri arHevnebi.

17 ivlisiganacxadi evrogaerTianebaSi gawevri-anebis Sesaxeb waradgina avstriam.

9 noemberiberlinis kedlis dangreva.

9 dekemberievropuli sabWos strasburgis sxdo-maze gadawyda mTavrobaTaSorisi kon-ferenciis mowveva.

15 dekemberixelmowerili iqna lomes meoTxe kon-vencia afrikis, karibis zRvispireTisa da wynari okeanis auzis saxelmwifoe-bTan.

199029 maisiparizSi xelmowerili iqna SeTanxmeba, romlis safuZvelzec daarsda evro-pis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki.

19 ivnisixelmowerili iqna Sengenis SeTanxmeba sasazRvro Semowmebis gauqmebis Taobaze.

4 ivlisiganacxadi evrogaerTianebaSi gawevri-anebis Sesaxeb waradgina kviprosma.

16 ivlisiganacxadi evrogaerTianebaSi gawevri-anebis Sesaxeb waradgina maltam.

3 oqtomberigermaniis gaerTianeba.

14 dekemberiromSi gaixsna ori mTavrobaTaSori-si konferencia, erTi — ekonomikuri da savaluto kavSiris, xolo meore — politikuri kavSiris Temaze.

19911 ivlisiganacxadi evrogaerTianebaSi gawevri-anebis Sesaxeb waradgina Sveciam.

21 oqtomberimiRweulia SeTanxmeba evropis ekonomi-kuri zonis (EEA) daarsebis Taobaze. es zona daakavSirebs evrogaerTianebas aRmosavleT evropel mezoblebTan.

9 da 10 dekemberievropuli sabWos maastrixtis sxdoma.

19927 TebervalimaastrixtSi xelmowerili iqna xelSek-ruleba evrokavSiris Sesaxeb.

18 martiganacxadi evrogaerTianebaSi gawevri-anebis Sesaxeb waradgina fineTma.

25 martiganacxadi evrogaerTianebaSi gawevri-anebis Sesaxeb waradgina norvegiam.

2 maisiportoSi xelmowerili iqna SeTanxmeba evropis ekonomikuri zonis Sesaxeb.

2 ivnisireferendumis Sedegad dania uars ambobs, SeuerTdes evrokavSirs.

20 ivnisireferendumis Sdegad irlandia uerT-deba maastrixtis xelSekrulebas.

20 seqtemberireferendumis Sedegad safrangeTi uerTdeba maastrixtis xelSekrulebas.

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11 da 12 dekemberievropuli sabWos edinburgis sxdoma.

19931 ianvaridaarsebulia saerTo bazari.

18 maisixelmeored Hatarebuli referendumis Sedegad dania uerTdeba maastrixtis xelSekrulebas.

1 noemberiZalaSi Sedis maastrixtis xelSekrule-ba.

19941 apriliganacxadi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb waradgina ungreTma.

8 apriliganacxadi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb waradgina poloneTma.

15 aprilimarakeSSi xelmowerili iqna GATT-is molaparakebaTa urugvais raundis daskvniTi aqti.

9 da 12 ivnisimeoTxed Hatarda evroparlamentis wevrTa pirdapiri arHevnebi.

referendumis Sedegad avstria uerT-deba maastrixtis xelSekrulebas.

24 da 25 ivnisievropuli sabWos korfus sxdoma.

avstriis, fineTis, norvegiisa da Sveciis mier xelmowerilia xelSekru-lebebi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Taobaze.

16 oqtomberifineTSi Hatarebul referendumze mo-wonebulia maastrixtis xelSekruleba.13 noemberireferendumis Sedegad Svecia uerTdeba maastrixtis xelSekrulebas.

27 da 28 noemberireferendumis Semdeg norvegia uars ambobs evrokavSirSi gawevrianebaze.

9 dekemberievropuli sabWos esenis sxdoma.

19951 ianvarievrokavSirs uerTdebian avstria, fineTi da Svecia.

23 ianvarimuSaobas iwyebs axali evrokomisia, romlis prezidentia Jak santeri (1995-2000).

26 martiZalaSi Sedis Sengenis SeTanxmeba.

2 ivnisixelSekrulebaTa Sesworebaze pasux-ismgebeli axali mTavrobaTaSorisi konferenciis mosamzadebeli jgufi atarebs pirvel Sexvedras.

12 ivnisidadebulia evropuli SeTanxmebebi estoneTTan, latviasa da litvasTan.

22 ivnisiganacxadi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb waradgina rumineTma.

26 da 27 ivnisievropuli sabWos kanis sxdoma. mosamzadebel jgufs daevala mTavro-baTaSorisi konferenciisTvis momza-deba.

27 ivnisiganacxadi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb waradgina slovakiam.

27 oqtomberiganacxadi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb waradgina latviam.

24 noemberiganacxadi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb waradgina estoneTma.

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27 da 28 noemberibarselonaSi Hatarda evropisa da xmelTaSuazRvispireTis qveynebis kon-ferencia.

8 dekemberiganacxadi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb waradgina litvam.

14 dekemberiganacxadi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb waradgina bulgareTma.

15 da 16 dekemberievropuli sabWos madridis sxdoma.

199616 ianvariganacxadi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb waradgina sloveniam.

17 ianvariganacxadi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb waradgina HexeTis respublikam.

29 martievropuli sabWos turinis sxdomaze ixsneba mTavrobaTaSorisi konferen-cia.

21 da 22 ivnisievropuli sabWos florenciis sxdoma.

13 da 14 dekemberievropuli sabWos dublinis sxdoma.

199717 Tebervalievroparlamentis sxdomaze Jak santeri gamodis moxsenebiT e. w. saqonlis cofis (BSE) Sesaxeb.

16 da 17 ivnisi evropuli sabWos amsterdamis sxdoma.

16 ivlisi evropis parlaments warudgines ,,pro-grama 2000 wlisaTvis.”

2 oqtomberiamsterdamSi xelmowerili iqna ,,kon-solidirebuli” xelSekruleba.

20 da 21 noemberiluqsemburgSi Hatarda samiti samuSao adgilebis Taobaze.

12 da 13 dekemberievropuli sabWos luqsemburgis sxdo-ma.

19981 ianvarievrokavSiris Tavmjdomare qveyana xdeba gaerTianebuli samefo.

30 martiiwyeba centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis 10 qveynisa da kviprosis ga-wevrianebis procesi, rasac mohyveba ormxrivi mTavrobaTaSorisi konfe-renciebi jerjerobiT kviprosTan, ungreTTan, poloneTTan, estoneTTan, HexeTis respublikasa da sloveniasTan.

31 martiSengeni: imigraciuli kontrolis gau-qmeba italiis saxmeleTo saz-Rvrebze.

1-dan 3 maisamdeevropis qveynebis finansTa ministrebi-sa da evropuli sabWos sxdoma. gadaw-yvetileba evropis savaluto kavSiris mesame etapisaTvis wevri sa-xelmwifoe-bis mzadyofnis Sesaxeb.

15 da 16 ivnisievropuli sabWos kardifis sxdoma.

1 ivlisievrokavSiris Tavmjdomare qveyana xdeba avstria.

19991 ianvarievrokavSiris TerTmeti wevri sa-xelm-wifo Sedis evropis savaluto kavSiris mesame fazaSi da Rebulobs evros.evrokavSiris Tavmjdomare qveyana xdeba germania.

46

25 martiberlinis evropuli sabWo — mraval-mxrivi SeTanxmeba dokumentis „pro-grama 2000 wlisaTvis” Sesaxeb da finans-uri perspeqtivis ganaxleba.

1 maisiZalaSi Sedis amsterdamis xelSekru-leba.

3-4 ivnisikolonis evropuli sabWo

8-13 ivnisievroparlamentis mexuTe pirdapiri arHevnebi.

1 ivlisievrokavSiris Tavmjdomare qveyana xdeba fineTi.

15 seqtemberievropis parlamentis mier evrokomisi-is (romano pradis TavmjdomareobiT) investitura.

10-11 dekemberihelsinkis evropuli sabWo.

20001 ianvarievrokavSiris Tavmjdomare qveyana xdeba portugalia.1 ivlisievrokavSiris Tavmjdomare qveyana xdeba safrangeTi.

20021 ianvaribrunvas iwyebs evros monetebi da banknotebi.

1 ivlisiuqmdeba erovnuli fuladi erTeulebis monetebi da banknotebi.

evrokomisiis warmomadgenlobebi:

irlandia18 Dawson StreetDublin 2IrelandTel. (353-1) 662 51 13Fax (353-1) 605 79 99

gaerTianebuli samefoJean Monnet House, 8Storey’s Gate, London SW1P 3ATTel. (44-20) 79 73 19 92(www.cec.org.uk)

uelsi4 Cathedral Road, Cardiff CF1 9SGTel. (44-29) 20 37 16 31

Sotlandia9 Alva Street, Edinburgh EH2 4PHTel. (44-131) 225 20 58

HrdiloeT irlandiaWindsor House, 9/15Bedford Street, Belfast BT2 7EGTel. (44-28) 90 24 07 08

sainformacio samsaxuri aSS-Si2300 M Street, NW, Suite 707,Washington DC 20037Tel. (1-202) 862 95 00305 East 47th Street, 3 Dag Hammarskjöld PlazaNew York, NY 10017

Tel. (1-212) 371 38 04

evropis parlamentis ofisebi:

irlandiaEuropean Union Hiuse,43 Molesworth Street, Dublin 2Tel. (353-1) 605 79 00Fax (353-1) 605 79 99E-mail: EPDublin@europarl.eu.int

gaerTianebuli samefo2 Queen Anne’s GateLondon SW1H 9AAUnited KingdomTel. (44-171) 227 43 00Fax (44-171) 227 43 02E-mail: EPLondon@europarl.eu.int

Sotlandia9 Alva Street, Edinburgh EH2 4PHTel. (44-131) 225 20 58Fax (44-131) 226 41 05

damatebiTi informacia evrokavSiris Sesaxebinformacia evrokavSiris yvela oficialur enaze SegiZliaT ixiloT internetSi

serveris Europa meSveobiT (http:/europa.eu.int).

informacia da publikaciebi evrokavSiris Sesaxeb inglisurad SegiZliaT moiZioT Semdeg ofisebSi:

evropkomisiisa da evroparlamentis warmomadgenlobebi da ofisebi arsebobs evro-kavSiris yvela qveyanaSi. garda amisa, evrokomisias aqvs delegaciebi msoflios sxva

nawilebSic.