RanitidineINDIKASIPengobatan jangka pendek ulkus duodenum aktif dan ulkus lambung jinak. Terapi pemeliharaan untuk ulkus duodenum dan lambung setelah penyembuhan ulkus aktif. Manajemen GERD. Pengobatan sakit maag, gangguan pencernaan asam, dan asam lambung (OTC digunakan). Pencegahan dan pengobatan stres akibat perdarahan saluran cerna atas pada pasien sakit kritis. Ranitidin: Pengobatan dan terapi pemeliharaan untuk esophagitis. Menggunakan berlabel: Manajemen gejala GI terkait dengan penggunaan NSAID. Pencegahan inaktivasi asam enzim pankreas tambahan pada pasien dengan insufisiensi pankreas. Manajemen urtikaria.Implikasi keperawatanPengkajian Kaji nyeri epigastrium atau perut dan darah jujur atau okultisme di bangku, emesis, atau aspirasi lambung. Geri: Menilai pasien geriatri dan lemah secara rutin untuk kebingungan. Laporkan segera. Lab Uji Pertimbangan: Memantau CBC dengan diferensial secara periodik selama terapi. Antagonis efek pentagastrin dan histamin selama lambung pengujian sekresi asam. Hindari administrasi selama 24 jam sebelum tes. Dapat menyebabkan hasil negatif palsu dalam tes kulit menggunakan ekstrak alergi. Histamin H2 antagonis harus dihentikan 24 jam sebelum tes. Dapat menyebabkan peningkatan transaminase serum dan kreatinin serum. Konsentrasi prolaktin serum dapat meningkat setelah IV bolus simetidin. Mungkin juga menyebabkan konsentrasi paratiroid menurun. Nizatidin dapat menyebabkan konsentrasi alkali fosfatase. Ranitidin dan famotidine dapat menyebabkan hasil positif palsu untuk protein urine; Tes dengan asam sulfosalicylic.Potential Nursing Diagnoses: Acute pain (Indications)Implementation PO: diberikan dengan makanan atau segera sesudahnya dan pada waktu tidur untuk memperpanjang efek. Jika antasida atau sukralfat digunakan secara bersamaan untuk menghilangkan rasa sakit, menghindari pemberian antasida dalam waktu 30 menit-1 jam dari antagonis H2 dan mengambil sukralfat 2 jam setelah H2 antagonis; Mei penurunan penyerapan H2 antagonis. Dosis diberikan sekali sehari harus diberikan pada waktu tidur untuk memperpanjang efek. Kocok suspensi oral sebelum pemberian. Buang suspensi terpakai setelah 30 hari.Hapus foil dari ranitidine tablet effervescent dan larut dalam 6-8 oz air sebelum diminum.

Patient/Family Teaching Instruct patient to take medication as directed for the full course of therapy, even if feeling better. Take missed doses as soon as remembered but not if almost time for next dose. Do not double doses. Advise patients taking OTC preparations not to take the maximum dose continuously for more than 2 wk without consulting health care professional. Notify health care professional if difficulty swallowing occurs or abdominal pain persists. Inform patient that smoking interferes with the action of histamine antagonists. Encourage patient to quit smoking or at least not to smoke after last dose of the day. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. Caution patient to avoid driving or other activities requiring alertness until response to the drug is known. Advise patient to avoid alcohol, products containing aspirin or NSAIDs, and foods that may cause an increase in GI irritation. Inform patient that increased fluid and fiber intake and exercise may minimize constipation. Advise patient to report onset of black, tarry stools; fever; sore throat; diarrhea; dizziness; rash; confusion; or hallucinations to health care professional promptly.

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes Decrease in abdominal pain. Treatment and prevention of gastric or duodenal irritation and bleeding. Healing of duodenal ulcers can be seen by x-rays or endoscopy. Therapy is continued for at least 6 wk in treatment of ulcers but not usually long er than 8 wk. Decreased symptoms of esophageal reflux. Treatment of heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach (OTC use).

KetrolacNursing implicationAssesment: Pasien yang memiliki asma, alergi aspirin-diinduksi, dan polip hidung berada pada peningkatan risiko untuk mengembangkan reaksi hipersensitivitas. Menilai untuk rhinitis, asma, dan urtikaria. Nyeri: Kaji nyeri (jenis catatan, lokasi, dan intensitas) sebelum dan 1-2 jam setelah pemberian. Lab Uji Pertimbangan: Evaluasi tes fungsi hati, terutama AST dan ALT, secara berkala pada pasien yang menerima terapi berkepanjangan. Dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kadar. Dapat menyebabkan waktu perdarahan berkepanjangan yang dapat bertahan selama 24-48 jam setelah penghentian terapi. Dapat menyebabkan? BUN, kreatinin serum, dan konsentrasi potasium.Potential Nursing Diagnoses: Acute pain (Indications)Implementation Do not confuse Toradol (ketorolac) with Torecan (thiethylperazine) or tramadol (Ultram). Administration in higher-than-recommended doses does not provide increased effectiveness but may cause increased side effects. Duration of ketorolac therapy, by all routes combined, should not exceed 5 days. Use lowest effective dose for shortest period of time Coadministration with opioid analgesics may have additive analgesic effects and may permit lower opioid doses. PO: Ketorolac therapy should always be given initially by the IMor IV route. Use oral therapy only as a continuation of parenteral therapy.Patient/Family Teaching Instruct patient on how and when to ask for pain medication. Instruct patient to take medication exactly as directed. Take missed doses as soon as remembered if not almost time for next dose. Do not double doses. Do not takemore than prescribed or for longer than 5 days. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. Advise patient to avoid driving or other activities requiring alertness until response to the medication is known. Caution patient to avoid the concurrent use of alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, or other OTC medications without consulting health care professional. Advise patient to inform health care professional of medication regimen prior to treatment or surgery. Advise patient to consult health care professional if rash, itching, visual disturbances, tinnitus, weight gain, edema, black stools, persistent headache, or influenza-like syndrome (chills, fever, muscle aches, pain) occurs.Evaluation/Desired Outcomes Decrease in severity of pain. Patients who do not respond to one NSAID may respond to another.