Modul Praktikum GL2042 (Minggu 4)

7/23/2019 Modul Praktikum GL2042 (Minggu 4)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/modul-praktikum-gl2042-minggu-4 1/49

MODUL PRAKTIKUM

PETROLOGI (GL-2042)

.

LABORATORIUM PETROLOGI DAN ENDAPAN MINERAL

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK GEOLOGI

FAKULTAS ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI KEBUMIAN

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

2012



MODUL PRAKTIKUM PETROLOGI (GL-2042)

TUJUAN

• Praktika !a"at #$$t%ka #i$ra&' t$kt%r !a tr%kt%r at%a $rta *$i-*$i

at%a $+ara #$,ak"i.• Praktika !a"at #$!$kri"ika #ai,-#ai, *$i at%a !$,a t$"at !a $ar.

• Praktika !a"at #$$ra"ka "$,$ta/%a t$ta, at%a $%ai !$,a i!a, i&#%

#ai,-#ai,

MATERI

DI LABORATORIUM PETROLOGI

MATERI MATERI

1 P$,$a&a #i$ra&' at%a $k% %&tra#aik !a ,arik 2 Bat%a $k% !iriti! !a ,rati!

Bat%a $k% aa&ti!' a!$iti! !a !aiti!

4 Bat%a "irk&atik

Bat%a $!i#$ k&atik

3 Bat%a $!i#$ k&atik

Bat%a #$ta#r &iai

5 Bat%a #$ta#r &iai

S$tia" #at$ri aka !i&$,ka"i !$,a t%,a-t%,a 6a, aka !ik%#"%&ka "a!a $tia"

#at$ri r$r$i,.

DI LAPANGAN 7

Mat$ri !i &a"a,a $r%"a $kk%ri k$ 8i,-Pa!a&ara, ata% k$ Maria6a-L$#a,

!ir$+aaka /ari Sat% $$&%# UAS !ia!aka (k$"atia 9akt% !a t$#"at $kk%ri

aka !i%#%#ka k$#%!ia).



TATA TERTIB PRAKTIKUM PETROLOGI

SEMESTER II 2011:2012

1. Praktika 9a*i /a!ir t$"at "a!a 9akt%6a !$,a $r"akaia 6a, "a !a ti!ak

#$#akai sandal' $rta 9a*i #$#a9a ara,-ara, 6a, !it%,aka.2. Praktika 6a, /a!ir t$r&a#at &$i/ !ari 1 #$it ti!ak !i"$rk$aka #$,ik%ti t$

a9a&. Bi&a t$r&a#at &$i/ !ari 0 #$it !ia,,a" a$ "a!a /ari t$r$%t' a#%

!i"$r&$/ka #$,ik%ti "raktik%# "a!a aat it%.

. Praktika ti!ak !ii;ika "i!a/ /ari "raktik%# ("raktik%# %%&a).

4. Praktika /a6a !a"at a$ #aki#%# 2 ka&i' &$i/ !ari it% !ia,,a" #$,%!%rka

!iri.

. Praktika ti!ak !i"$rk$aka #$i,,a&ka &aratri%# $$&%# "raktik%#

$rak/ir ta"a $i;i ait$ 6a, $rt%,a.

3. S$tia" "raktika aka #$!a"at $%a/ #ikrk"' &a#"% !a trar#atr ata%

$r%"a &%" 6a, t$ta" $&a#a 1 $#$t$r "raktik%#. Praktika $rta,,%, *a9a ata "$#$&i/araa ara,-ara, t$r$%t !a ata $tia" k$r%aka 6a, !iakiatka &$/

k$&a&aia6a.

. S$tia" k$r%aka ara, #i&ik &aratri%# 6a, !iakiatka &$/ k$&a&aia "raktika

/ar% !i,ati !$,a ara, 6a, $*$i.

5. K$r%aka 6a, ti!ak !a"at !i"$rta,,%,*a9aka aka #$*a!i ta,,%,a $&%r%/

"raktika !a&a# k$&#"k t$r$%t.

<. A!a $$ra"a t%,a a+aa 6a, /ar% !ik$r*aka &$/ "raktika' !a !ik%#"%&ka

"a!a #i,,% $rik%t6a. K$t$r&a#ata aka !ik$ai "$#t,a i&ai 10= !a

ata #aki#%# k$t$r&a#ata a!a&a/ /ari. Praktika 6a, t$r&a#at #$6$ra/ka

t%,a &$i/ !ari /ari !ia,,a" ti!ak #$,$r*aka t%,a.

10. Praktika !i/ar%ka #$#%at !$kri"i at%a (#ii#%# !$kri"i 6a, $r$!a) "a!a $tia" /ari "raktik%# !a !ik%#"%&ka !a&a# at% #a" 6a, a#a $&a#a

"raktik%# $r&a,%,.

11. P$t%,a "$,/it%, "$ra&ata 6a, !i,%aka $&a#a "raktik%#' $rt%,a #$,/it%,

"$ra&ata t$r$%t $$&%# !a $%!a/ "raktik%#. Praktik%# $rak/ir $t$&a/ "$t%,a

"$,/it%, "$ra&ata "raktik%# $&$ai #$,$r*aka t%,a6a !i ak/ir "raktik%#.

12. S$&%r%/ "raktika 9a*i #$*a,a k$$ri/a !a $&a#a "raktik%# !i&ara, #$rkk

!a&a# &aratri%#.

1. Praktika 9a*i #$,ik%ti $kk%ri "$tr&,i !a #$#%at &a"ra $kk%ri 6a,

9akt%6a aka !iat%r k$#%!ia.

Ba!%,' P$r%ari 2012

Kr!iatr Ait$



PEMERIAN BATUAN – PRAKTIKUM PETROLOGI

Nama : Kelompok :

NIM : Asisten :

Deskipsi : No. Bat!an :

Gam"a "at!an

Deskipsi : No. Bat!an :

Gam"a "at!an



BATUAN BEKU

Bat%a $k% a!a&a/ at%a 6a, t$r$t%k akiat #$#$k%6a #a,#a "a!a 9akt%

"$r*a&aa6a k$ "$r#%kaa %#i.

Ma,#a a!a&a/ +aira i&ikat 6a, "aa !a "i*ar 6a, t$r!iri !ari %%r O' Si' A&' F$'M,' 8a' Na' K !a $a,ai6a.

>ai& !ari krita&iai #a,#a t$r$%t #$#$t%k $ra,ai #a+a# *$i #i$ra& !a

#$,ik%ti at%ra ti,kat krita&iai !ari #a,#a.

B9$ #$6%% %r%ta krita&iai !ari #i$ra&-#i$ra& %ta#a "$#$t%k at%a $k%

6a, !ik$a& $a,ai S$ri R$aki B9$ (Dia,ra# 1)7

D$r$t Dikti% D$r$t Kti% S%/%

O&i?i P&a,ik&a

(M,-F$ Si&ikat)

Artit

(8a-A& Si&ikat)

Pirk$ Bit9it

(8a-M,-F$-Na-A&-Ti Si&ikat) (8a-Na-A& Si&ikat)

Lara!rit

(8a-Na-A& Si&ikat)

>r&$!a

(8a-Na-M,-F$-A&-O> Si&ikat) A!$i

(Na-8a-A& Si&ikat)

O&i,k&a

Bitit (Na-8a-A& Si&ikat)

(K-M,-F$-A&-F-O> Si&ikat)

A&it

(Na-A& Si&ikat)

K-F$&"ar

(K-A& Si&ikat)

M%k?it

(K-A&-8r Si&ikat)

K%ara @@@@@

(SiO2)

Dia,ra# 1. S$ri R$aki B9$



8iri-+iri #i$ra& $ri 9$ !a #i$ra&-#i$ra& "$#$t%k at%a $k%' $&$,ka"6a

!a"at !i&i/at "a!a ta$& 1.



Ta$& 1. 8iri-+iri #i$ra& "$#$t%k at%a $k%



P$,$&#"ka at%a $k% $r!aarka k$&#"k #i$ra&6a (Ta$& 2)7

K$&#"k Mi$ra& K$&#"k Bat%a B$k%

O&i?i

Pirk$

P&a,ik&aO&i?i' "irk$

U&tra#aik !a U&tra#aitit

O&i?i' "irk$' "&a,ik&a

O&i?i' "&a,ik&a

Pirk$' "&a,ik&a

Gari! !a Baa&ti!

Pirk$' /r&$!a' "&a,ik&a

>r&$!a' "&a,ik&a

>r&$!a' itit' "&a,ik&a' @@@ k%ara

Diriti! !a A!$iti!

>r&$!a' itit' #%k?it' k%ara

Bitit' #%k?it' k-$&"ar' k%ara

Bitit' #%k?it' k-$&"ar

Graiti! !a Daiti!

Ta$& 2. K&aiikai at%a $r!aarka ka!%,a #i$ra&

MINERAL PEMBENTUK BATUAN

Mi$ra& "$#$t%k at%a !a"at !ia,i ata k$&#"k 6ait%7

• Mi$ra& %ta#a (essential minerals)7 #i$ra& 6a, t$r$t%k !ari krita&iai #a,#a'

6a, iaa6a /a!ir !a&a# *%#&a/ 6a, +%k%" a6ak !a #$$t%ka a#a:iat

at%a.

8t/7 &i?i' "irk$' /r&$!a' itit' "&a,ik&a' k-$&"ar' #%k?it' k%ara'

$&"at/i!.

•Mi$ra& ta#a/a (accessory minerals)7 #i$ra& 6a, t$r$t%k !ari krita&iai#a,#a' t$ta"i k$/a!ira6a r$&ati $!ikit (@ =)' !a ti!ak #$$t%ka a#a:iat

at%a.

8t/7 a"atit' ;irk' #a,$tit' /$#atit' r%ti&' !&&.

• Mi$ra& $k%!$r ( secondary minerals)7 #i$ra& /ai& %a/a !ari #i$ra&-#i$ra&

"ri#$r kar$a "$&a"%ka' a&t$rai /i!rt$r#a& ata% #$ta#ra.

8t/7 k&rit' $"i!t' $riit' ka&i' akti&it' !&&.

TEK#TUR BATUAN BEKU

T$kt%r a!a&a/ k$a#"aka !ari at%a 6a, !a"at #$r$&$kika $*ara/ k$*a!ia6a.

Faktr-aktr 6a, #$#"$,ar%/i "$#$t%ka t$kt%r at%a $k% a!a&a/ !$ra*atkrita&iai' ,ra%&ita:$ar %tir !a k$#a:ari+.

Dea$at Kistalisasi

T$kt%r at%a $k% $r!aarka !$ra*at krita&iai6a7

• >&krita&i 7 t$r!iri !ari krita& $&%r%/6a

• >i"krita&i 7 t$r!iri !ari $a,ia krita& !a $a,ia ,$&a

• >&/6a&i 7 t$r!iri !ari ,$&a $&%r%/6a



Gan!litas%Besa B!ti

T$kt%r at%a $k% $r!aarka ,ra%&ita:$ar %tir6a7

• Fa$rik7 krita&-krita&6a !a"at !i&i/at ata% !i$!aka !$,a #ata iaa

K/%% %t%k at%a $rt$kt%r a$rik' %k%ra %tir6a !a"at !it$t%ka $a,ai

$rik%t7

>a&% 7 $ar %tir @ 1 ## ($ri,$ka&i aaitik) S$!a, 7 $ar %tir 1 ## - ##

Kaar 7 $ar %tir ## - +#

Sa,at kaar 7 $ar %tir +#

• Aaitik7 krita&-krita&6a a,at /a&% ata% a#r' /a6a !a"at !i&i/at !$,a

#ikrk".

Jika at%a $rt$kt%r "riritik #aka %k%ra $kri !a #aa !aar !i"ia/ka.

Kemas%&a"i'

T$kt%r at%a $k% $r!aarka k$$ra,a#a %tir:krita&6a7

• E%i,ra%&ar7 %k%ra $ar %tir r$&ati a#a• I$%i,ra%&ar7 %k%ra $ar %tir ti!ak a#a

K/%% %t%k i$%i,ra%&ar !a"at !i$!aka #$*a!i t$kt%r7

Priritik7 krita&-krita& 6a, &$i/ $ar ($kri) t$rtaa# !a&a# #aa !aar

(#atrik) 6a, &$i/ /a&%.

Citririk7 krita&-krita& 6a, &$i/ $ar ($kri) t$rtaa# !a&a# #aa !aar

(#atrik) ,$&a:a#r.

Tekst! "at!an "ek! "edasakan "ent!k (eometi kistaln)a:

• Ta%&ar ("&a,ik&a' k-$&"ar)

•Pri#atik ("irk$' /r&$!a)

• B$r&$#ar (#ika)

• P&i,a& (k%ara' &i?i)

T$kt%r at%a $k% $r!aarka k$$#"%raa $t%k krita&6a !i*$&aka $a,ai

$rik%t (Ta$& )' &i/at *%,a (Ga#ar 1' 2' !a ).

B$t%k B%tir T$kt%r K$t$ra,a

E%/$!ra& Pai!i#rik

,ra%&ar

S$a,ia krita& #$#"%6ai ata $#"%ra

($%/$!ra&) !a $r%k%ra %tir a#a

S%/$!ra& >6"i!i#rik

Gra%&ar

Bata krita& "$ra&i/a atara $#"%ra !a ti!ak

$rat%ra (%/$!ra&) !a $r%k%ra %tir a#a

A/$!ra& A&&tri#rik

Gra%&ar

Bata krita& tak $rat%ra (a/$!ra&) !a

$r%k%ra %tir a#a

Ta$& . T$kt%r at%a $k% $r!aarka k$$#"%raa $t%k %tir



Ga#ar 1. Sk$ta $t%k %tir (krita&:#i$ra&) a. $%/$!ra&' . %/$!ra&' +. a/$!ra&

Ga#ar 2. B$$ra"a +t/ t$kt%r "a!a at%a a$rik'

a. /i"i!i#rik ,ra%&ar' . a&tri#rik ,ra%&ar' +. "riritik

Ga#ar . B$$ra"a t$kt%r k/%% at%a $k%

#TRUKTUR BATUAN BEKU

Str%kt%r 6a, !i#ak%! a!a&a/ tr%kt%r "ri#$r' 6a, t$r*a!i aat t$r$t%k6a at%a

$k% t$r$%t. Str%kt%r at%a $k% $a,ia $ar /a6a !a"at !i&i/at !i &a"a,a

(!i#$i6a a,at $ar)' t$ta"i ka!a,-ka!a, !a"at !i&i/at *%,a !a&a# hand specimen.

#t!kt! )an( "e*!"!n(an den(an alian ma(ma:



• S+/&i$r$7 tr%kt%r k$$*a*ara 6a, !i$t%k #i$ra& "ri#atik' "i"i/ ata%

#$#a*a, ata% &$/ $&it/ akiat "$r,$raka #a,#a.

• S$,r$,ai7 tr%kt%r "$,$&#"ka #i$ra& (iaa6a #i$ra& #aik) 6a,

#$,akiatka "$r$!aa k#"ii #i$ra& !$,a at%a i!%k6a.

• La?a ata&7 tr%kt%r 6a, !iakiatka &$/ "$r,$raka &a?a akiat it$raki !$,a

&i,k%,a air' $t%k6a #$6$r%"ai ata&' !i #aa a,ia ata +$#%, !a

a,ia a9a/ +$k%,.

#t!kt! )an( "e*!"!n(an den(an pendin(inan ma(ma:

• C$ik%&$r7 &%a,-&%a, $ka ,a "a!a at%a $k% (&a?a).

• A#i,!a&i!a&7 &%a,-&%a, $ka ,a "a!a at%a $k% (&a?a)' 6a, t$&a/ !iii &$/

#i$ra& $k%!$r' $"$rti ;$&it' ka&it' k%ara.

• K$kar k&#7 k$kar $r$t%k tia, !i#aa %#%6a t$,ak &%r% ara/ a&ira.

• K$kar $r&$#ar7 k$kar $r$t%k &$#ara' iaa6a "a!a t$"i:ata" itr%i $ar

akiat /i&a,6a $a.

KLA#I+IKA#I BATUAN BEKU #E,ARA MEGA#KOPI#

A. Bedasakan Klasi&ikasi IUG# -/012

S$+ara #$,ak"ik at%a $k% !a"at !ia,i ata 2 k$&#"k $ar 6ait%7

. Golon(an +aneik

Bat%a $rt$kt%r a$rik' !a"at t$ra#ati $+ara #$,ak"ik (#ata iaa)' $r%tir

$!a,-kaar (&$i/ $ar !ari 1 ##).

G&,a a$rik !a"at !ia,i ata $$ra"a *$i at%a' $"$rti t$r&i/at "a!a !ia,ra#

$,iti,a 4a' 4' 4+. Daar "$#a,ia6a a!a&a/ ka!%,a #i$ra& k%ara ()' ata%

#i$ra& $&"ati! (F)' F$&ar a&ka&i (A)' $rta ka!%,a #i$ra& "&a,ik&a (P).

8ara #$$t%ka a#a at%a !i/it%, !$,a #$,a,,a" *%#&a/ k$ti,a #i$ra& %ta#a

(AP ata% FAP) a!a&a/ 100=. (Ga#ar 4).

8t/7 %at% at%a $k% !ik$ta/%i 0=' A 0=' P 10= !a #i$ra& #ika

10=. Ja!i *%#&a/ #ai,-#ai, #i$ra& ' A' !a P 6a, !i/it%, k$#a&i %t%k !i"&t

!i !ia,ra# (!ir#a&iai) a!a&a/ $a,ai $rik%t7

J%#&a/ #i$ra& A P 0= 0= 10= <0= (#i$ra& #ika ti!ak !i/it%,)

#aka7

Mi$ra& 0:<0 100= '=Mi$ra& A 0:<0 100= '=

Mi$ra& P 10:<0 100= 11'12=

Bi&a !i"&t "a!a !ia,ra# 4(a)' /ai&6a a!a&a/ at%a ,raiti!.

3. Golon(an A&anitik

Bat%a $k% $rt$kt%r aaitik' #i$ra&-#i$ra&6a ti!ak !a"at !i$!aka !$,a #ata

iaa ata% #$,,%aka &%"$' %#%#6a $r%tir /a&% (@ 1 ##)' $/i,,a at%a $k%

*$i ii ti!ak !a"at !it$t%ka "r$ta$ #i$ra&,i6a $+ara #$,ak"ik. Sa&a/ at%

+ara t$raik %t%k #$#"$rkiraka k#"ii #i$ra&6a a!a&a/ !i!aarka ata 9ara

at%a' kar$a 9ara at%a %#%#6a #$+$r#ika "r"ri #i$ra& 6a, !ika!%,'



!a&a# /a& ii "r"ri #i$ra& $&ik ($r9ara t$ra,) !a #i$ra& #aik ($r9ara

,$&a"). S$#aki a6ak #i$ra& #aik' $#aki ,$&a" 9ara at%a6a.

P$$t%a a#a:*$i at%a $k% aaitik #ai/ !a"at !i&ak%ka a,i at%a 6a,

$rt$kt%r "riritik ata% ?itririk' !i#aa $kri6a #ai/ !a"at t$r&i/at !a !a"at

!i$!aka' $/i,,a !a"at !it$t%ka *$i at%a6a. D$,a #$,/it%, "r$ta$#i$ra& 6a, /a!ir $a,ai $kri' $rta !i!aarka "a!a 9ara at%a :#i$ra&' #aka

!a"at !i"$rkiraka "r$ta$ #ai,-#ai, #i$ra& :F'A P' #aka a#a at%a !a"at

!it$t%ka. (Ga#ar ).

Ga#ar 4. Dia,ra# K&aiikai Bat%a B$k% Fa$rik (IUGS' 1<)

a. K&aiikai %#%#' . Bat%a %&tra#aik' ,arik H artit' +. Bat%a %&tra#aik

I. Graiti! II. S6$iti! III. Diriti! IC. Gari! C. Fi! S6$iti! CI. Fi!

Diriti! H Gari! CII. Fi!&it CIII. Artit I. P$ri!tit . Pirk$it

I. >r&$!it II-IC. T/$ %a&ii$r Fi!-B$ari,' !i,%aka i&a $&!"ati! /a!ir

I-I. Bat%a U&tra#aik.



Ga#ar . Dia,ra# K&aiikai Bat%a B$k% Aaitik

. K%ara A. A&ka&i F$&"ar (t$r#a%k rtk&a' ai!i' "$rtit !a artk&a)

P. P&a,ik&a F. F$&"ati! M$&. M$&i&it O&. O&i?i P. Pirk$ M. Mi$ra& #aik.

I. R/6&iti! II. Da+iti! III. Tra+/6ti! IC. A!$iti!' Baa&ti!

C. P/&iti! CI. T$"/riti! CII. Fi!iti! CIII. U&tra#aitit



B. K&aiikai %#%# $r!aarka "a!a %r%t-%r%ta krita&iai #i$ra& S$ri B9$

(#i$ra&,i) $rta k#"ii SiO2 at%a $k% (Ta$& 4 !a ).

K&aiikai ii %ka k&aiikai r$#i 6a, !iak%ka' t$ta"i !i%at k/%% !i,%aka

!a&a# "raktik%# !i Laratri%# P$tr&,i - G$&,i ITB.

Ta$& 4. P$#a,ia at%a $k% $r!aarka k#"ii SiO2 !a #i$ra&,i.

K$t$ra,a 7 7 $&a&% /a!ir

- 7 ti!ak /a!ir

:- 7 iaa6a /a!ir:ka!a,ka&a ti!ak /a!ir

-: 7 iaa6a ti!ak /a!ir:ka!a,ka&a /a!ir.

8atata7 %t%k at%a 6a, #$,a!%, #i$ra& $&"ati! (&$%it' $$&i' !&&.) !a"at

!i"$r,%aka a#a at%a #ia&6a7 $"/$&iit$' &$%+itit$' "/&it$' $&"at/i! 6$it$'

&$%+it$ aa&t' !&&.



Ta$& . Ta$& !$t$r#iai at%a $k%

>a&-/a& %ta#a 6a, "$r&% !i+atat !a&a# !$kri"i at%a $k% (Dia,ra# 2)7

1. ara' $a,ai "$t%*%k a9a& %t%k #$#"$rkiraka k#"ii ki#ia !a #i$ra& !ari

at%a.

2. T$kt%r' $ar %tir' "r$ta$ k$/a!ira %tir (Ga#ar 3)' !a k$#a' 6a, #aa

$r/%%,a !$,a $*ara/ !a +ara k$*a!ia at%a' $rta k$+$"ata !a %r%ta

"$rt%#%/a krita&.

. Mi$ra&,i' $a,ai "$t%*%k %t%k i!$tiikai at%a' iaa6a !i !a&a# at%a $k%

t$r!a"at atara 2 !a 4 #i$ra& %ta#a.

4. Ik&%i #at$ria& ai, ($a,ai ta#a/a !a&a# #$#at% i!$tiikai at%a).

Ik&%i ii ka!a, !it$#%ka !a&a# at%a $k% !a /ar% !i!$kri"ika t$r"ia/'

ik&%i "$ti, k$tika kita i,i #$i&ai +ara k$*a!ia !a aa& t%%/ at%a $k%.



Ga#ar 3. Pr$ta$ k$/a!ira %tir



Dia,ra# 2. La,ka/ k$r*a "$!$kri"ia at%a $k%

N. Bat%a7BB-01:BB-02 !&&.

ara7>ita# itik-itik %ti/: %ti/ k$#$ra/a !&& 9ara a r$ r$$tati

Str%kt%r7Mai:?$ik%&$r:a#i,!a&i!a&:k$kar akiat "$!i,ia' !&&.

T$kt%r

Gra%&ita:B$ar %tir

Sa,at kaar +#' Kaar ## - +#' S$!a, 1 - ## >a&% @ 1 ##

Fa$rik Aaitik

D$ra*at Krita&iai

>&krita&i >i"krita&i : >i"/6a&i >&/6a&i

K$$ra,a#a B%tir:Krita&

E%i,ra%&ar I$%i,ra%&ar Priritik:Citririk

Pai!i#rik Gra%&ar E%/$!ra&

>i"i!i#rik Gra%&ar S%/$!ra&

A&tri#rik Gra%&ar A/$!ra&

K#"ii Mi$ra&7K%ara (=)' +iri-+iri6a' !&&. (%t%k = !i,%aka !ia,ra# "$ra!i,a $+ara ?i%a&)

Na#a Bat%a7Graiti!:S6$iti!: Diriti!' !&&. (G%aka !ia,ra# !ari IUSGS)

F$kri



BATUAN PIROKLA#TIK

Bat!an pioklastik:

• Bat%a 6a, !i%% &$/ #at$ria&-#at$ria& 6a, !i/ai&ka &$/ &$t%a ,%%, a"i• Di+irika &$/ k$/a!ira #at$ria& "irk&a 6a, !#ia (,$&a' krita&' at%a

?%&kaik)' %tira 6a, #$6%!%t' "rita 6a, r$&ati ti,,i.

Bat!an Epiklastik:

• Bat%a /ai& r#aka at%a ?%&kaik #a%"% at%a &ai6a.

• T$r!iri !ari #at$ria& /ai& r#aka at%a ?%&kaik (krita&' ra,#$ at%a) !a

#at$ria& ?%&kaik.

Bedasakan klasi&ikasi (enetik4 "at!an pioklastik tedii dai 1 $enis endapan

pioklastik )ait!:• E!a"a *at%/a "irk&atik ( pyroclastic fall deposits)' !i/ai&ka !ari &$t%a $k"&i

#at$ria& ?%&kaik !ari &%a, ?%&kaik k$ at#$r !a *at%/ k$#a&i k$ a9a/ !a

t$rk%#"%& !i $kitar ,%%, a"i. E!a"a ii %#%#6a #$i"i !a %k%ra %tir

#$,/a&% $+ara iti#ati #$*a%/i "%at $r%"i' "$#i&a/a6a aik' #$%*%ka

,ra!i, r#a& "%#i !a ra,#$ &itik' #%,ki #$%*%ka tratiikai it$ra&

!a&a# %k%ra %tir ata% k#"ii' k#"ii "%#i &$i/ $ar !ari"a!a &itik.

• E!a"a a&ira "irk&atik ( pyroclastic flow deposits)' !i/ai&ka !ari "$r,$raka

&at$ra& !i "$r#%kaa taa/ !ari ra,#$-ra,#$ "irk&atik 6a, t$rtra"rt !a&a#

#atrik &%i!a (,a ata% +aira)' #at$ria& ?%&kaik ii t$rtra"rtai *a%/ !ari ,%%,

a"i. E!a"a ii %#%#6a "$#i&a/a6a %r%k' #%,ki #$%*%ka ,ra!i,

r#a& ra,#$ &itik' !a %tira &itik 6a, "a!at $#aki $rk%ra, #$*a%/i "%at$r%"i.

8t/7 &a/ar 6ait% #aa "irk&atik 6a, #$,a&ir #$$r% atara a&ira t$#"$rat%r

ti,,i ( 10008) !i #aa #at$ria& "irk&atik !itra"rtaika &$/ a$ ,a !a

a&ira t$#"$rat%r r$!a/ 6a, iaa6a $r+a#"%r !$,a air.

• E!a"a %r,$ "irk&atik ( pyroclastic surge deposits)' t$r#a%k "$r,$raka &at$ra&

ra,#$ "irk&atik $a,ai +a#"%ra "a!ata:,a k$trai r$!a/ 6a, "aa.

Kar$kt$ritik6a' $!a"a ii #$%*%ka tratiikai $ri&a,' tr%kt%r !%$'

&a#iai "&aar' tr%kt%r ati !%$ !a "i! a! 9$&&' $!a"a $!ikit #$$a& !i

a,ia t",rai r$!a/ !a #$i"i "a!a t",rai ti,,i.

Ti(a $enis &a(men )an( ditem!kan dalam endapan pioklastik:

• Fra,#$ !ari &a?a ar% ata% !i$%t ra,#$ *%?$i&' $r%"a #at$ria& "a!at ti!ak

#$#"%6ai ?$ik%&$r a#"ai ra,#$ &a?a 6a, a6ak ?$ik%&$r6a.

• Krita& i!i?i!%' 6a, !i/ai&ka !ari $kri 6a, &$"a !a&a# &a?a *%?$i& $a,ai

/ai& ra,#$tai.

• Fra,#$ &itik' t$r#a%k at%a 6a, &$i/ t%a !a&a# $!a"a "irk&atik' t$ta"i $ri,

t$r!iri !ari &a?a 6a, &$i/ t%a.



Uk!an

Klast

-pe'a*an2

Pioklast Endapan Pioklastik

Non5konsolidasi :

Te&a

Endapan Pioklastik

Konsolidasi :

Bat!an Pioklastik

34 ##

B&k (#$6%!%t)

B# (#$#%!ar)

A,&#$rat'

&a"ia &k:# ata%

&k:# t$ra

A,&#$rat'

Br$ki Pirk&atik

2 ## La"i&i La"ia La"i&i ata%

T$ra La"i&iBat%a La"i&i

1:13 ## B%tira !$%

(a/) kaar D$% (A/) Kaar T% Kaar

B%tira !$%

(a/) /a&%D$% (A/) >a&% T% >a&%

Ta$& 3. K&aiikai at%a "irk&atik $r!aarka $ar %tir:%k%ra k&at

(#!iikai !ari k&aiikai S+/#i!' 1<51' ".+it Fi/$r' $t. a&' 1<54)

Ta$& . P$a#aa %t%k at%a +a#"%ra "irk&atik-$"ik&atik (S+/#i!' 1<51)



Ga#ar . P$a#aa at%a "irk&atik $r!aarka ra,#$ "irk&atik

(Fi/$r' 1<33 S+/#i!' 1<51' ".+it. Fi/$r' $t.a&' 1<54)

Ga#ar 5. P$a#aa t% $r!aarka k#"ii "$6%% a/a "irk&atik6a



6al5*al )an( pel! dideskipsi dalam deskipsi "at!an pioklastik:

1. ara' !$kri"ika 9ara at%a 6a, r$"r$$tati.

2. B$ar %tir' !$kri"ika #$,%aka $ar %tir:%k%ra k&at at%a "irk&atik

(Ta&$ 3).

. K#"$' !$kri"ika k#"$ at%a "irk&atik7

• Krita&' ra,#$ krita&• Fra,#$ &itik7 ?%&kaik ata% ?%&kaik' "&i#ik ata% ##ik

• P%#i+$ ata% +ria

• S/ar!' &a"i&i akr$iari' ?itrik&a

• S$#$7 i&i$%' karat ata% ;$&it

4. Litai$7

• Mai (ti!ak $r&a"i) ata% $r&a"i

• B$r&a"i7 La#iai 7 @ 1 +#

B$r&a"i a,at ti"i 7 1- +#

B$r&a"i ti"i 7 -10 +#

B$r&a"i $!a, 7 10-0 +# B$r&a"i t$a& 7 0-100 +#

B$r&a"i a,at t$a& 7 100 +#

• Mai (ti!ak $r,ra!ai) ata% $r,ra!ai7

r#a& ↑ r$?$r$ ↓ r#a&-r$?$r$ ↓ r$?$r$-r#a& ↑

↑ ↓

• K$#a7 +&at-%""rt$! ata% #atri-%""rt$!

t$r"i&a/ aik' t$r"i&a/ $!a,' t$r"i&a/ %r%k

• K$kar7 &+k6' "ri#atik' +&%#ar' "&at6

• K$t$a&a $ra,a# ata% ti!ak $ra,a#

• K$t$a&a &at$ra& rata ata% ti!ak rata

• S$+ara &at$ra& #$$r% ata% ti!ak #$$r%

• 8r-$!!$!' +r-&a#iat$!

. A&t$rai7

• Mi$ra&,i7 k&rit' $riit' i&ika' "irit' karat' $&"ar' /$#atit

• Ditri%i7 !i$#iat$!' !%&ar' "tt$!' "$r?ai?$' "at+/6.



BATUAN #EDIMEN

Bat!an sedimen7 at%a 6a, t$r$t%k !a&a# %at% ik&% $!i#$tai ("$&a"%ka

tra"rtai $!i#$tai !ia,$$a).

M$!ia tra"rtai7 air' a,i' $' !&&.T$r$t%k !i "$r#%kaa %#i' !i a9a/ k!ii t$kaa !a t$#"$rat%r r$!a/.

Komposisi sedimen:

• Fra,#$ #i$ra&:at%a /ai& r#aka (t$ri,$)

• Mat$ria& /ai& "r$ ki#ia9i (#at$ria& a%ti,$ik)7 karat' at' !&&.

• Mat$ria& a&&+/$# (r#aka /ai& "r$i"itai t$r!a/%&%)7 i&' #at$ria& r,aik.

Mineal5mineal dalam "at!an sedimen:

• Mi$ra& Autigenic7

T$r$t%k !i !a$ra/ $!i#$tai !a &a,%, !i$!a"ka 8t/7 ,i"%#' ka&it' a/i!rit' ki!a $i' /a&it' ,&a%kit.

• Mi$ra& Allogenic7

T$r$t%k !i &%ar !a$ra/ $!i#$tai

T$&a/ #$,a&a#i tra"rtai !a k$#%!ia !i$!a"ka !i !a$ra/ $!i#$tai

>ar% ta/a "$&a"%ka !a ta/a t$r/a!a" "$,ikia $&a#a tra"rtai a#"ai

"$,$!a"a.

T$kt%r !a #i$ra&,i at%a $!i#$ !a"at #$r$&$kika &i,k%,a "$,$!a"a

at%a $!i#$.

6al5*al )an( mempen(a!*i pem"ent!kan "at!an sedimen:

• Lit&,i at%a (at%a $k%' at%a $!i#$' at%a #$ta#ra' at%a

"irk&atik).

• Stai&ita !ari #i$ra&-#i$ra& 6a, a!a

• K$+$"ata $ri' a6ak6a #i$ra& $!i#$ 6a, !a"at !itra"rt t%r%t #$$t%ka

$ra"a a6ak #at$ria& 6a, !a"at:aka !i$!a"ka.

Tra"rtai "a!a "$#$t%ka at%a $!i#$ aka #$,/ai&ka rti,:"$#i&a/a

!a r%!$:k$%!ara.

Pem"a(ian "at!an sedimen "edasakan tekst!:• Bat%a $!i#$ $rt$kt%r k&atik

• Bat%a $!i#$ $rt$kt%r k&atik (krita&i)

Bat!an sedimen "etekst! non klastik -kistalin2:

• U#%#6a t$r!iri !ari #i$ra& a%ti,$ik

• Pa!a P !a T t$rt$t% $ri,ka&i #$#"$r&i/atka ,$*a&a !ia,$$a' akiat6a "rita

at%a #$*a!i a,at r$!a/ ata% /i&a,.

• Prita "ri#$r r$!a/ !a #$#"$r&i/atka t$kt%r #;aik (+t/7 at%,a#"i,).

• Ka!a,-ka!a, t$r!a"at %tira 6a, a#r ($"$rti ka&$! H "a&) $a,ai $#$.



Besa "!tian%kistal "at!an sedimen non klastik -kistal2 -Ta"el 72:

Uk%ra B$ar B%tir (##) Na#a B$ar B%tir 1 - 2 Very coarsely crystalline

0' 1 Coarsely crystalline

0'2 0' Medium crystalline

0'12 0'2 Finely crystalline

0'03 0'12 Very finely crystalline

0'004 0'03 Microcrystalline

@ 0'004 Cryptocrystalline

Ta$& 5. B$ar %tira at%a $!i#$ k&atik

Bat!an sedimen "etekst! klastik:• T$r!iri !ari #at$ria& !$trit% (/ai& r#aka7 "$+a/a)' #$#"$r&i/atka t$kt%r

k&atik (%tira $r%k%ra &$#"%, a#"ai ,ka/)

• M$#"$r&i/atka $ra,ai tr%kt%r $!i#$

• Pr$ 7 "$&a"%ka' $ri' tra"rtai' $!i#$tai

• Da"at !i"$&a*ari t$ta, %#$r #at$ria& ("r?$a+$)' &i,k%,a

"$,$!a"a:ai$' !ia,$$a

Besa "!ti - grain size27 %%r %ta#a !ari t$kt%r k&atik' 6a, $r/%%,a !$,a

ti,kat $$ri "a!a aat tra"rtai !a "$,$!a"a. K&aiikai $ar %tir !it$ra,ka

$a,ai $rik%t !$,a #$,,%aka ka&a $t9rt/ (Ta$& <) !a Ga#ar <.

Uk%ra B$ar B%tir (##) Na#a B$ar B%tir

23 Boulder : ,ka/

34 23 Couble : $ra,ka&

4 34 Pebble : k$raka&

2 4 Granule : k$riki&

1 2 Very coarse sand : "air a,at kaar

- 1 Coarse sand : "air kaar

1:4 1:2 Medium sand : "air $!a,

1:5 1:4 Fine sand : "air /a&%1:13 1:5 Very fine sand : "air a,at /a&%

1:23 1:13 Silt : &aa%

@ 1:23 Clay : &$#"%,

Ta$& <. K&aiikai $ar %tir #$,,%aka ka&a $t9rt/



Ga#ar <. K#"aratr $ar %tir

Besa "!ti ditent!kan ole*:

• J$i "$&a"%ka7 ki#ia ------------- %tira /a&%

#$kai ------------- %tira kaar

• Ma+a# tra"rtai

• akt%:*arak tra"rtai

Uns!5!ns! tekst! "at!an sedimen klastik:

• B%tira ( grain)7 %tira k&atik (6a, t$rtra"rt) !i$%t $a,ai ra,#$.

• Maa !aar (matrix)7 &$i/ /a&% !ari %tira:ra,#$' !i$!a"ka $ra#a-a#a

!$,a ra,#$.

• S$#$ (cement )7 $r%k%ra /a&%' #$,ikat %tira:ra,#$ !a #atrik' !i$!a"ka

$t$&a/ ra,#$ !a #atrik .

Pemila*an%sorting 7 !$ra*at k$a#aa ata% k$$ra,a#a atar %tir (Ga#ar 10).

Ga#ar 10. P$#i&a/a !a ti,kat "$a#aa k$$ra,a#a %tir.

Ke"!ndaan%o!ndness 7 #$6ataka k$%!ara ata% k$ta*a#a %!%t %tira' 6a,

#$+$r#ika ti,kat arai $&a#a tra"rtai (Ga#ar 11).

• M$r%"aka iat "$r#%kaa !ari %tira

• Di$aka &$/ "$,ar%/ tra"rt t$r/a!a" %tira



Ga#ar 11. D$ra*at K$%!ara

Kemas%&a"i'7 #$r%"aka iat /%%,a atar %tir $a,ai %,i ri$tai %tir !a

"a+ki,' $+ara %#%# !a"at #$#$rika ,a#ara t$ta, ara/ a&ira !a&a# $!i#$tai

$rta k$a!aa "rita !a "$r#$ai&ita at%a.

K$#a7 - t$r%ka7 ktak atar %tira ti!ak $r$t%/a - t$rt%t%"7 ktak atar %tira $r$t%/a

#t!kt! "at!an sedimen:

• P$r&a"ia7 - La"ia7 t$a& 1 +#

- La#iai7 t$a& @ 1 +#

J$i "$r&a"ia7 P$r&a"ia #ai

Paralel lamination

Cross laminationcross beds

Con!olute laminationGradded bedding

"n#ection structures ( sandstones dy$es)

• Str%kt%r !i i!a, "$r&a"ia7

Di a,ia a9a/ 7 load cast% flute cast

Di a,ia ata 7 ripple mar$s% mud crac$s% organic mar$s (trac$s & trails% burrow)

6al5*al lain )an( $!(a pel! dideskipsi:

• P$+a#"%ra at%a7

- karata 7 i&a "$+a#"%r6a #at$ria& karat

- kara 7 i&a "$+a#"%r6a kar

• Fra,#$ "$#$t%k at%a7 k%ara' $&"ar (k-$&"ar !a "&a,ik&a)' ra,#$ at%a (at%a $k%' at%a $!i#$' at%a #$ta#r' at%a "irk&atik)

• S$#$ !a #atrik7

- $#$ karat' i&ika' ki!a $i' a/i!rit' ,&a%kit

- #atrik "air' &aa%' &$#"%,

• ara:ki&a"7 !$kri"ika 9ara at%a 6a, r$"r$$tati (#ia&6a 7 a%-a%

!$,a ,ari-,ari /ita#' a%-a%' /ita# #$,ki&at' !&&.)

• Mi$ra& $!ikit7 ,&a%kit' "irit' /$#atit' "irk$' &i?i' itit' #%k?it' kar'

!&&.

• Ka!%,a i& (i&a a!a !a $%tka *$i6a' #ia&6a ra#ii$ra' !&&.)



• Str%kt%r $!i#$ 6a, a!a7 "$r&a"ia' ,ra!$! $!!i,' &a#iai $*a*ar' !&&.

• Prita7 - aik 7 i&a #$6$ra" air

- %r%k 7 i&a ti!ak #$6$ra" air

- $!a, 7 !iatara "rita aik !a %r%k

• K$k#"aka7 #%!a/ !ir$#a' ,$ta' k#"ak' &%ak' "a!at' k$ra' !&&. (!$kri"ika

k$k#"aka 6a, r$"r$$tati).

Ta$& 12. Ur%ta !$kri"i iat-iat &it&,i at%a $!i#$:"irk&atik

K$t$ra,a 7 7 iat 6a, $&a&% !i#i&iki

- 7 iat 6a, ti!ak !i#i&iki

:- 7 iat 6a, ia !i#i&iki ata% ti!ak !i#i&iki 7 6a, !i!$kri"i a!a&a/ "$#$t%k at%a t$r$%t.

Pen((olon(an Bat!an #edimen "edasakan poses5poses pem"ent!kan

-Koesoemadinata4 /782:

• S$!i#$tai #$kai7 at%&aa%' at%&$#"%,' $r"i/' a"a&' at%"air' k,&#$rat'

r$ki' ka&kar$it' at%,a#"i, k&atik' at%,a#"i, ik&atik' at%,a#"i, &it.

• S$!i#$tai Or,ai7 at%ara' at%,a#"i, t$r%#%' at%,a#"i, ik&atik'

ra!i&arit' !iat#$.

• S$!i#$tai Ki#ia9i7 at%,a#"i, krita&i' !&#it' at%,a#"i, &it' ,i"'

a/i!rit' at%,ara#' a"a&' &it' +/$rt' rit.

Pen((olon(an Bat!an #edimen Bedasakan asal5!s!ln)a -Ta"el 1 dan Gam"a

32:

K&atik

T$ri,$%

E!a"a iki#ia

i,$ik - r,aik

P$,$!a"a

Ki#ia

C&kaik&atik

Bat%"air'

#%!r+k'

k,&#$rat'

r$ki

Bat%,a#"i,' !&#it'

ri*a,' at' at%ara

Irt$'

$?a"rit$

T%a' a,&#$rat



Ta$& 1. P$,,&,a Bat%a S$!i#$ B$r!aarka aa&-%%&6a



Gam"a 3. Golon(an "at!an sedimen !tama seta poses5poses pem"ent!kann)a

-Koesoemadinata4 /782

P$a#aa6a $+ara %#%# !a"at #$,,%aka k&aiikai $"$rti "a!a ta$& 14.



Ta$& 14. K&aiikai "$a#aa at%a $!i#$

Ma+a#-#a+a# at%a $!i#$ i&iik&atik7

• B$r%tir $!a,-kaar7 at%"air' k,&#$rat' r$ki

• B$r%tir /a&%7 mudroc$

BATUPA#IR

Klasi&ikasi Bat!pasi

1. Bat%"air Si&iik&atik (%tira t$ri,$)

• Bat%"air E"ik&atik7 $!a"a 6a, $raa& !ari r#aka at%a t$r!a/%&% akiat

"$&a"%ka !a $ri' t$r#a%k at%a ?&kaik !a -?&kaik

• Bat%"air C&kaik&atik7 t$r!iri !ari #at$ria& ?&kaik (/ai& r#aka #a%"%

6a, ti!ak)' t$r#a%k $!a"a "irk&atik !a $!a"a $"ik&atik.

2. Bat%"air N-Si&iik&atik (%tira karat !a $?a"rit)

Bat!pasi

• T$kt%r7 %k%ra %tira ("air 0.12 - 2.00 ##)' $t%k %tira (#$6%!%t'

#$#%!ar' !&&.)' rti,' k$#a %tira (#$+ak%" ri$tai' grain pac$ing ' grain

contact ' /%%,a %tira !a #atrik)' textural maturity' "rita' "$r#$ai&ita'

tr%kt%r $!i#$.

• 'extural maturity7

o 'exturally immature sediment 7 #atrik !#ia' rtai %r%k' %tira #$6%!%t.

o 'exturally mature sediment 7 #atrik $!ikit'' rtai $!a,-aik' %tira

#$#%!ar ta,,%,-#$#%!ar.



• K#"ii7 %tira (ra,#$ at%a:&itik' k%ara' $&"ar' !a #i$ra&-#i$ra&

&ai6a)' #atrik' !a $#$.

• K&aiikai at%"air

Para#$t$r7 %tira (tai& !a tak tai&) 7 k%ara' $&"ar' ra,#$ &itik

#atrik &$#"%, (/ai& r#aka ata% a&t$rai at%a) k$/a!ira #atrik &$#"%,7 ar$it (#atrik @ 1=)

9a+k$ (#atrik 1=)

P$#a,ia $+ara %#%# (Gi&$rt' 1<52)' !a F&k' 1<4)7 at%"air k%ara' at%"air

ark$' at%"air &itik' at%"air ,r$69a+k$.

Bat!pasi k!asa -Quartz Arenites27 $raiai !$,a $!i#$ $&ia' beach' shelf

(&i,k%,a k$rak 6a, tai&)' ti,kat #at%rit6 7 #at%r$ /i,,a %"$r#at%r$'

interbedded !$,a shallow marine limestones' %#%#6a tr%kt%r $!i#$6a &a"ia

$ri&a,' #i$ra&,i k%ara' ri*a, k%arit &$i/ $ar !ari <0=' $#$ i&ika' karat'

/$#atit.

Bat!pasi akose - Arkoses27 %tira $&"ar "r$ta$6a ti,,i' 9ara6a #$ra/ ata%

"ik' &i,k%,a #ari $ri, &%?iati& "a!a ik&i# $#i-ari!' ti,kat #at%rit67

i##at%r$ ata% %#at%r$' #i$ra&,i7 k%ara @<0= (rata-rata 0-30=)' $&ar ra,#$

&itik 10-= (rata-rata 20-40=)' $#$ karat' i&ika $&ar' /$#atit' #i$ra& %&at

(arit' "irit' #i$ra& &$#"%,).

Bat!pasi Litik - Litharenites27 "$a#aa t$r,at%, !ari *$i ra,#$ at%a 6a,

/a!ir' &i,k%,a !$&taik ata% &%?iati&' #i$ra&,i ra,#$ &itik 10-50=' $&ar' k%ara'

$#$ karat' i&ika' #i$ra& &$#"%,' ki!a $i' "irit' #atrik &$#"%,:k&rit (ka&a%

a!a).Bat!pasi 9a'ke -Ge)9a'kes27 $a,ia $ar k$ra !a $r9ara a%-a% ,$&a"

!$,a #atrik #$&i#"a/' $&"ar !a %tira &itik %#%#6a /a!ir' !i$!a"ka &$/ ar%

t%ri!it "a!a +$k%,a air !a&a#' #$%*%ka tr%kt%r $!i#$ t%ri!it.



Ga#ar 1. K&aiikai at%"air (Gi&$rt' 1<52).



Ga#ar 14. K&aiikai at%"air (F&k' 1<4).



KONGLOMERAT DAN BREK#I

K$a#"aka 6a, "$ti, %t%k #$!ikri"i at%a ii a!a&a/ *$i k&atik 6a, /a!ir

!a t$kt%r at%a t$r$%t.

B$r!aarka aa&-%%& k&atik "$6%% k,&#$rat !a r$ki7

• K&atik itrar#ai' $raa& !ari !a&a# +$k%,a "$,$!a"a' a6ak ra,#$

#%!r+k ata% at%,a#"i, #ikritik 6a, !i&$"aka &$/ $ri ata% "$,a9$ta$"a*a, ,ari "atai.

• K&atik $ktrar#ai' $raa& !ari &%ar +$k%,a "$,$!a"a !a &$i/ t%a !ari "a!a

$!i#$ 6a, #$&i,k%"i +$k%,a t.

J$i k,&#$rat $r!aarka #a+a# k&atik7

• K,&#$rat "&i#iktik7 t$r!iri !ari $r#a+a#-#a+a# *$i k&atik 6a, $r$!a.

• K,&#$rat ##itik:&i,#iktik7 t$r!iri !ari at% *$i k&atik.

Ut%k it$r"r$tai #$kai#$ "$,$!a"a k,&#$rat /ar% !i!$kri"ika t$kt%r6a

(a"aka/ t$kt%r6a +&at-%""rt$! +,&#$rat$ ata% #atri-%""rt$! +,&#$rat$)' $t%k' %k%ra !a ri$tai ra,#$ at%a' k$t$a&a !a ,$#$tri &a"ia !a tr%kt%r

$!i#$.

K,&#$rat !a r$ki t$r%ta#a !i$!a"ka "a!a &i,k%,a ,&aia&' a&i?ia& a !a

rai!$! tr$a#. K,&#$rat 6a, r$-$!i#$ !i$!a"ka !a&a# &i,k%,a !$$" 9at$r

iaa6a $raiai !$,a t%ri!it.

MUDROCK

M%!r+k a!a&a/ iti&a/ %#%# %t%k at%a $!i#$ 6a, !i%% t$r%ta#a &$/ "artik$&

$r%k%ra &aa%-&$#"%,' #i$ra& &ai #%,ki *%,a /a!ir.

M%!r+k !i$!a"ka t$r%ta#a !a&a# &i,k%,a ri!er floodplain' la$e' low energy

shoreline' delta' outer marine shelf !a deep ocean basin.



Ga#ar 1. Sk$#a %t%k #$!$kri"i at%a $r%k%ra "air-&aa%-&$#"%,

BATUAN KARBONAT -BATUGAMPING DAN DOLOMIT2

Bat!an ka"onat7 $#%a at%a 6a, t$r!iri !ari ,ara# karat' !a&a# "rakt$k6a

t$r%ta#a $r%"a at%,a#"i, !a !&#it.

Komponen pem"ent!k "at!an ka"onat:

1. B%tira karat (allochems)7

• B%tira k$&$ta&7 ra,#$ a,ia 6a, k$ra !ari r,ai#$ 6a, ka&kar$% !a

+a,ka, 6a, ti!ak "$+a/ $"$rti #&%ka' $+/ii!' trak!a' !a ra#ii$ra.

• Oi!7 $r$t%k "$ri!a&' %tira $r%k%ra "air t$r!iri !ari krt$k (k%&it &%ar)

ara,it ata% ka&it 6a, !i$t%k &$/ akr$i ki#ia !i $kitar iti "artik$&.

• P$&&$t7 $r$t%k "$ri!a& ata% $&i"i!' $r%k%ra "air' t$r!iri !ari #ikrit' ti!ak

"%6a tr%kt%r !a&a#.

• Litk&a7 ra,#$ at%a karat

- Itrak&a7 ra,#$ at%a karat 6a, t$r$t%k &$i/ a9a& ($raa& !ari

+$k%,a 6a, a#a)

- Ektrak&a7 ra,#$ at%a karat !ari %#%r 6a, $r$!a ata% $raa& !ari+$k%,a 6a, $r$!a

2. Matrik &%#"%r karat (#ikrit)7 a,r$,at (k%#"%&a) ka&it #ikr,ra%&ar.

. S$#$ "ar7 ka&it ,ra%&ar 6a, t$r$krita&iai !a&a# r%a, k, !a&a# $!a"a

karat ata% at%,a#"i,' t$r%ta#a !a&a# r%a, k, atar %tir !a !a&a# r,,a

i&.

Komposisi kimia%mineal:

• Ara,it 8a8O (rtr#ik)7 /ai& "r$i"itai &a,%, !ari air &a%t' $t%k $ra%t'

ti!ak tai&



• Ka&it 8a8O (/$ka,a&)7 #i$ra& &$i/ tai&' $r$t%k /a&%r 6aa, aik:"ar'

ka&it i&a !i$ri a&i;ari r$! #$*a!i #$ra/

• D&#it 8aM,(8O)27 $r$t%k $&a/ k$t%"at' ti!ak $r$aki !$,a a&i;ari r$!'

k$a6ak /ai& !&#itiai !ari ka&it

• (igh Magnesium Calcite7 &ar%ta "a!at M,8O !a&a# ka&it

• Ma,$it M,8O7 iaa6a $raiai !$,a $?a"rit

• Si!$rit F$8O

Tekst! "at!an ka"onat:

1. T$kt%r "ri#$r' #$6a,k%t7

K$ra,ka r,aik (organic framewor$ texture)

K&atik (clastic texture)

Maa !aar (matrix texture)

2. T$kt%r $k%!$r : T$kt%r Dia,$$a' #$6a,k%t k$/a&%ra : +r6ta&iit6 6a,

!i"$r&i/atka &$/7

S$#$ 6a, #$,ii r,,a-r,,a atar %tir R$krita&iai $a,ia ata% $&%r%/ #aa !aar #a%"% k$ra,ka:%tira

KLA#I+IKA#I BATUAN KARBONAT

Klasi&ikasi Ga"a!

$r!aarka %k%ra %tir7 - ka&ir%!it ( 2##)

- ka&kar$it (32 ## 2 ##)

- ka&i&%tit (@ 32 ##)

Klasi&ikasi +olk

B$r!aarka k#"ii7 a&&+/$#' #atik' !a $#$ (Ga#ar 13)

Bi (%tira k$&$ta&)' (i!)' "$& ("$&i!)' itra (itrak&a)#a+a#-#a+a# 7 Bi"arit (k#"$ ik&a' !#ia ka&it "ar) "$&"arit' "arit'

itra"arit' i&it/it ($raa& !ari t$r%#%)

Klasi&ikasi D!n*am

B$r!aarka t$kt%rà "r"ri !ari %tira ? #atrik (Ta$& 1)

Mudstone7 &%#"%r karat%tira (mud supported )' %tira @ 10=

)ac$estone7 &%#"%r karat%tira ( grain*mud supported )' %tira 10=

Pac$estone7 %tira&%#"%r karat (mud*grain supported )

Grainstone7 %tira&%#"%r karat ( grain supported )

Boundstone7 t$r!iri !ari k$ra,ka

Crystalline carbonate7 t$r!iri !ari krita&' t$kt%r "$,$!a"a ti!ak !ik$ta/%i

Klasi&ikasi Em") Klo;an

B$r!aarka t$r!a"at6a &%#"%r karat !iatara k$ra,ka ata% "$+a/a-"$+a/a

k$ra,ka (Ta$& 1)

Framestone7 t$r!iri $&%r%/6a !ari k$ra,ka r,aik $"$rti kra&' r6;a' ,a,,a,'

#atrik @10=

Bindstone7 t$r!iri !ari k$ra,ka:"$+a/a k$ra,ka r,aik $"$rti kra&' 6a, t$&a/ !iikat

k$#a&i &$/ k$rak &a"ia-&a"ia (encrusting ) ,a#"i, 6a, !ik$&%arka &$/ ,a,,a,

#$ra/



Bafflestone7 t$r!iri !ari k$ra,ka r,aik $"$rti kra& !a&a# "ii t%#%/ !a

!i$&i#%ti &$/ &%#"%r ,a#"i,

+udstone7 /ai& r#aka %at% t$r%#% !a t$rk%#"%& $t$#"at ata% !itra"rt &$/

,a6a $rat' ta"a a!a6a &%#"%r ,a#"i, !iatara ra,#$-ra,#$6a

Floatstone7 t$r!iri !ari "t,a-"t,a k$ra,ka r,aik 6a, #$,a#a, !a&a#

&%#"%r ,a#"i,

Poositas a!a&a/ "$ra!i,a *%#&a/ r,,a t$r/a!a" ?&%#$ tta& at%a (=)

Ma+a#-#a+a# "rita $r!aarka 9akt% t$r$t%k6a7

• Prita Pri#$r7 t$r$t%k "a!a aat !i$!a"ka-!ia,$$i a9a&' +t/

it$rkrita&i' itrakrita&i' it$r,ra%&ar' ita,ra%&ar

• Prita S$k%!$r7 t$r$t%k $&a#a !ia,$$i &a*%t #$,$$i-t$&,$$i'

+t/ "rita 6a, t$r$t%k akiat r$taka:ra+t%ri,' "$,k$r%ta:/rika,$' !a

"$&ar%ta (%tira' $#$' #atrik)

8/%$t$ a! Pra6 (1<0) #$,k&aiikaika "rita at%a karat $r!aarka ti,a

k$&#"k 6ait%7 ti"$ fabric selecti!e' ti"$ not fabric selecti!e !a ti"$ fabric selecti!e or

not (Ga#ar 1).

Poses5poses dia(enesa:

$#$tai' #ikritiai (&$/ r,aik)' !i&%i' k#"aki' !&#itiai' $#ri#$

(a!a&a/ "r$ "$,,atia #i$ra& 6a, $*$i ("&i#r) iaa6a &$i/ kaar)

Minealo(i7 ara,it' ka&it' !&#it (karat)' &ai-&ai (k%ara' $&"ar' #i$ra&

&$#"%,' at' ki!a $i' %&i!a' $?a"rit)

Ti(a lin(k!n(an dia(enesis -!tama27

• marine (!ia9a/ &atai a#%!$ra: sea floor ) shallow & deep water & ,one intertidal *

supratidal

• near*surface meteoric7 t$r*a!i $t$&a/ !$"ii' ata% "a!a k$!aa uplifted $t$&a/

%ria&

• &i,k%,a %ria&7 10-rat%a #$t$r7 r$krita&iai' #$ta#ri

#ementasi

isopachous ' gra!ity -stalactitic. & meniscus' fibrous' syntaxial ($#$ "ar ka&it

#$&i,k%"i %tira' !a "ti kti%)' e/uent spar 0 drusty mosaic' poi$ilotopic ($"$rti syntaxial ' t$ta"i ti!ak "ti kti%).



Ga#ar 13. K&aiikai at%,a#"i, #$%r%t F&k (1<32).



Ta$& 1. K&aiikai at%,a#"i, #$%r%t D%/a# (1<32)' E#r6 H K&?a (1<1)



Ga#ar 1. Ti"$-ti"$ "rita (8/%$t$ a! Pra6' 1<0)



BATUAN METAMOR+

Bat!an metamo&osa7 at%a 6a, t$r$t%k akiat "r$ "$r%a/a t$kaa (P)'

t$#"$rat%r (T) ata% k$!%a6a !i#aa at%a #$#a%ki k$$ti#a,a ar% ta"a a!a6a

"$r%a/a k#"ii ki#ia (iki#ia) !a ta"a #$&a&%i aa +air (!a&a# k$a!aa "a!at)'!$,a t$#"$rat%r $rkiar atara 200-50008.

P$r%a/a 6a, t$r*a!i "a!a "r$ #$ta#ra7

• T$kt%r !a tr%kt%r' 6a, #$r$&$kika $*ara/ "$#$t%ka6a

• Aiai #i$ra&

Tipe5tipe metamo&osa:

• Metamo&osa temal%kontak 7 t$r*a!i akiat "$r%a/a (k$aika) t$#"$rat%r (T)'

iaa6a !i*%#"ai !i $kitar itr%i:at%a "&%tik' &%a !a$ra/ ktak ia $$ra"a

#$t$r a#"ai $$ra"a ki&#$t$r' t$r,at%, !ari k#"ii at%a itr%i !a at%a6a, !iitr%i' !i#$i !a k$!a&a#a itr%i.

• Metamo&osa e(ional%dinamo temal7 t$r*a!i akiat "$r%a/a (k$aika) t$kaa

(P) !a t$#"$rat%r (T) $+ara $ra#a-a#a' iaa6a t$r*a!i !i *a&%r r,$ 6a,

#$&i"%ti !a$ra/ 6a, &%a' "$r%a/a $+ara "r,r$i? !ari P H T r$!a/ k$ P H T

ti,,i.

• Metamo&osa kataklastik%kinematik%dislokasi7 t$r*a!i akiat $ar 6a,

#$6$aka t$r$t%k6a ;a /a+%ra' ,ra%&ai' r$ki $ar (!a,ka&)' #i&it'

i&it (&$i/ !a&a#) k$#%!ia !iik%ti &$/ r$krita&iai.

• Metamo&osa "!ial7 t$r*a!i akiat "$#$aa' iaa6a t$r*a!i !i +$k%,a

$!i#$tai' "$r%a/a #i$ra&,i !ita!ai #%+%&6a ;$&it.

• Metamo&osa lantai sam!dea7 t$r*a!i akiat "$#%kaa &atai a#%!$ra (ocean

floor spreading ) !i "%,,%,a t$,a/ a#%!$ra' t$#"at !i#aa &$#"$, (&it$r)

t$r$t%k.

#t!kt! "at!an metamo&osa:

• Str%kt%r F&iai (Schistosity)7 tr%kt%r "ara&$& 6a, !iti#%&ka &$/ #i$ra& "i"i/:

#i$ra& "ri#atik' $ri,ka&i t$r*a!i "a!a #$ta#ra r$,ia& !a #$ta#ra

katak&atik.

• Str%kt%r N F&iai7 tr%kt%r 6a, !i$t%k &$/ #i$ra&-#i$ra& 6a,

$%i!i#$ia&' $ri,ka&i t$r*a!i "a!a #$ta#ra t$r#a&.

Be"eapa st!kt! )an( "esi&at &oliasi:

Slaty cleavage:

• tr%kt%r &iai "&aar 6a, !i*%#"ai "a!a i!a, $&a/ at% aak: slate.

• #i$ra& #ika #%&ai /a!ir.

+ilitik:

• R$krita&iai &$i/ kaar !ari"a!a slaty clea!age.

• Bat%a &$i/ #$,ki&a" !ari"a!a at%aak (#%&ai a6ak #i$ra& #ika).

• M%&ai t$r*a!i "$#ia/a #i$ra& "i"i/ !a #i$ra& ,ra%&ar #$ki"% $&%# $,it%

*$&a:$&%# $#"%ra.



Schistose:

• Str%kt%r "$r%&a,a !ari #i$ra& "i"i/ !a #i$ra& ,ra%&ar.

• Mi$ra& "i"i/ ri$tai6a #$$r%:ti!ak t$r"%t%.

• S$ri, !i$%t !$,a close schistosity.

Gneisose:

• Str%kt%r "$r%&a,a !ari #i$ra& "i"i/ !a #i$ra& ,ra%&ar.

• Mi$ra& "i"i/ ri$tai6a ti!ak #$$r%:t$r"%t%.

• S$ri, !i$%t !$,a open schistosity.

Milonitik:

• M$%*%ka ,r$a-,r$a akiat "$,,$r%a 6a, k%at.

+ilonitik:

• G$*a&a !a k$a#"aka a#a !$,a #i&itik (i&itik %tira6a /a&%)

• S%!a/ t$r*a!i r$krita&iai

• M$%*%ka ki&a" sil$y

Be"eapa st!kt! )an( "esi&at non &oliasi:Granulose:

• T$r!iri !ari #i$ra& ,ra%&ar.

6on&elsik:

• I!$tik !$,a ,ra&atik a#% #i$ra& $%i!i#$ia&' ti!ak t$rri$tai'

k/%% akiat #$ta#ra t$r#a&.

Tekst! "at!an metamo&osa -tekst! kistalo"lastik2:

• Lepido"lastik 7 t$r!iri !ari #i$ra&-#i$ra& ta%&ar:"i"i/' #ia&6a #i$ra& #ika

(#%k?it' itit).

• Nemato"lastik 7 t$r!iri !ari #i$ra&-#i$ra& "ri#atik' #ia&6a #i$ra& "&a,ik&a'k-$&"ar' "irk$.

• Gano"lastik 7 t$r!iri !ari #i$ra&-#i$ra& ,ra%&ar ($%i!i#$ia&)' !$,a ata-

ata %t%ra (ti!ak t$rat%r)' !$,a $t%k #i$ra& a/$!ra&' #ia&6a k%ara.

• Tekst! 6omeo"lastik 7 i&a t$r!iri !ari at% t$kt%r a*a' #ia&6a &$"i!&atik a*a.

• Tekst! 6eteeo"lastik 7 i&a t$r!iri &$i/ !ari at% t$kt%r' #ia&6a &$"i!&atik !a

,ra&atik.

Tekst! k*as lainn)a:

• Tekst! eli' -sisa27 t$kt%r ia 6a, t$r$t%k $$&%# #$ta#ra (!a"at

#$%*%ka at%a aa& $$&%# #$,a&a#i "r$ #$ta#ra). P$a#aa6a!$,a #$#$ri a9a&a &at (k$#%!ia !ia#%, !$,a a#a t$kt%r ia)'

#ia&6a 7

T$kt%r &at"riritik (at%a aa& $rt$kt%r "riritik)

T$kt%r &atitik (at%a aa& $rt$kt%r itik)

• Tekst! kistalo"lastik 7 $tia" t$kt%r 6a, t$r$t%k "a!a aat #$ta#ra.

P$a#aa6a !$,a #$#$ri ak/ira &atik' !i"akai %t%k #$#$rika a#a

t$kt%r 6a, t$r$t%k &$/ r$krita&iai "r$ #$ta#ri' #ia& t$kt%r

"rir&atik 6ait% at%a #$ta#r 6a, #$#"$r&i/atka t$kt%r #iri" "riritik

"a!a at%a $k%' ta"i t$kt%r ii $t%&-$t%& akiat r$krita&iai #$ta#ri.



• A9a&a Q#$ta %t%k #$#$rika a#a at%a #$ta#r i&a #ai/ !ik$a&i iat

!ari at%a aa&6a' #ia&6a #$ta$!i#$' #$tak&atik' #$ta,ra69a+k$'

#$ta?&kaik' !.

Ga#ar 15. B$$ra"a t$kt%r at%a #$ta#rik' A. Gra&atik' B. Gra&atik (%tir

tak t$rat%r)' 8. S+/it$ !$,a "rir&at' D. S+/it$ !$,a ,ra&atik &$tik%&$r'

E. Fi&itik' F. G$i$' G. Mi&itik' >. Mi&itik' I. Gra&atik !a&a# #i&it.



Be"eapa "ent!k mineal kaakteistik "at!an metamo&

B$t%k Krita& Mi$ra&

E%/$!ra& Sta%r&it' i&i#ait' kiait' r%ti&' k&rit' i&#$it' t%r#a&i' "irit' &a9it

A!a&%it' ,ar$t' $' $"i!t' ;iit' #a,$tit' "i$&' ak$rit' i!kra

S%/$!ra& Mika H k&rit (#$#i"i/)' a#i& H "irk$ ("ri#atik)' 9&atit'

!&#it H a"atitA/$!ra& K%ara' $&ar' ka&it' ara,it' &i?i' kr!i$rit' +a"&it' /%#it$

Ta$& 13. B$t%k #i$ra& karakt$ritik at%a #$ta#r

Bent!k5"ent!k indi;id! kistal pada "at!an metamo&osa:

• Idio"lastik 7 #i$ra&6a $r$t%k $%/$!ra&

• 6)pidio"lastik 7 #i$ra&6a $r$t%k %/$!ra&

• <eno"lastik%alotio"lastik 7 #i$ra&6a $r$t%k a/$!ra&

Klasi&ikasi "at!an metamo& "edasakan komposisi kimia "at!an asal:

• Bat!an metamo& pelitik ' $raa& !ari at%a &$#"%,a (at%&$#"%,' $r"i/' at%&%#"%r) k#"ii6a a6ak #$,a!%, A&2O' K 2O' !a SiO2 at%a6a

k$a6aka $rt$kt%r kita +t/6a $ki' at%aak' !&&. #i$ra&,i7

#%k?it' itit' kiait' i&i#ait' kr!i$rit' ,ar$t' ta%r$it $+ara %#%# at%a

"$&itik aka $r%a/ #$*a!i at%a #$ta#ri !$,a #$i,kat6a T' aka

t$r$t%k $rt%r%t-t%r%t 7 at%aak ài&ità$kià,$$.

• Bat!an metamo& k!asa5&elspatik ' $raa& !ari at%"air ata% at%a $k% $&ik

(#ia&6a ,rait' ri&it)' !i+irika ka!%,a SiO2 ti,,i !a M,O $rta F$O r$!a/'

/ai&6a at%a6a $rt$kt%r %ka kita.

• Bat!an metamo& ka"onatan' $raa& !ari at%a 6a, $rk#"ii 8a8O

(at%,a#"i,' !&#it)' /ai& #$ta#ra $r%"a #ar#$r' i&a at%a aa&

(at%,a#"i,) #$,a!%, M,O !a SiO2 !i/ara"ka t$r$t%k #i$ra& tr$#&it'

!i"i!' 9&atit !a #i$ra& karata 6a, &ai' i&a at%a aa& #$,a!%,

+%k%" A&2O !i/ara"ka t$r$t%k #i$ra& "&a,ik&a' $"i!t' /r&$!a 6a, /a#"ir

#iri" !$,a #i$ra&,i at%a #$ta#r 6a, $raa& !ari at%a $k% aa.

• Bat!an metamo& "asa' $raa& !ari at%a $k% aa (SiO 2 $kitar 0=)' at%a

#$ta#r6a !i$%t #$taait$' at%a aa& a6ak #$,a!%, M,O' F$O' 8aO

!a A&2O #aka #i$ra& #$ta#ra6a $r%"a k&rit' akti&it' $"i!t (ai$ $ki

/i*a%) !a /r&$!a (ai$ a#i&it)' %t%k T &$i/ ti,,i aka #%+%& k&i !a

rt"irk$ !a "&a,ik&a.

• Bat!an metamo& !lta "asa' $raa& !ari at%a $k% %&tra aa' at%a /ai&

#$ta#ra $r%"a $r"$tiit' $ri, !i*%#"ai "a!a !a$ra/ #$ta#r 6a,#$,a!%, ,&a%ka.

Penamaan "at!an metamo& "edasakan tekst! dan minealo(in)a:

T$kt%r !a #i$ra&,i #$#$,a, "$raa "$ti, !a&a# "$a#aa at%a #$ta#r'

$+ara %#%# ka!%,a #i$ra& !i !a&a# at%a #$ta#r aka #$+$r#ika t$kt%r'

#ia&6a #$&i#"a/6a #ika aka #$#$rika t$kt%r $kita "a!a at%a6a.



Bat!sa"ak

• Mi$ra& %ta#a7 $ri,ka&i #ai/ $r%"a #i$ra& &$#"%, #i$ra& ta#a/a7

#%k?it' itit' kr!i$rit' a!a&%it.

• ara7 a%-a% ,$&a" 6a, #$,ki&a".

• Str%kt%r7 &iai ( se$istose) #%&ai ta#"ak a#% $&%# *$&a ( slaty clea!age).

• T$kt%r7 &$"i!&atik !a ,ra&atik t$ta"i ta"a $&a,-$&i, #i$ra& "i"i/ !a

#i$ra& ,ra%&ar !$,a %tira 6a, /a&%.

• M$ta#ra7 r$,ia&.

+ilit

• Mi$ra& %ta# 7 k%ara' $riit' k&rit #i$ra& ta#a/a7 "&a,ik&a' #i$ra& i*i/.

• ara7 t$ra,' a%-a% "$rak' a%-a% k$/i*a%a' &$i/ #$,ki&a" !ari"a!a at%

aak.

• Str%kt%r7 &iai ( se$istose) #%&ai *$&a !ia!i,ka !$,a at% aak (t$kt%r

i&itik).

• T$kt%r7 #%&ai ,ra&atik a#"ai &$"i!&atik !$,a #%&ai t$r&i/at "$r$&i,a

atara #i$ra& "i"i/ !a #i$ra& ,ra%&ar' %tira #%&ai &$i/ kaar !ari"a!a at%

aak.

• M$ta#ra7 katak&atik.

#ekis

• Mi$ra& %ta#a7 itit' #%k?it' k%ara ($ki #ika)' k&rit ($ki k&rit)' ta&k ($ki

ta&k) !&&.

• ara7 t$r,at%, !ari #i$ra&6a #ia&6a $ki #ika %#%#6a "%ti/' /ita#'

#$,ki&a".

• Str%kt%r7 &iai ( se$istose t$rt%t%").• T$kt%r7 ,ra&atik !a &$"i!&atik' "$r$&i,a atara #i$ra& "i"i/ !a #i$ra&

,ra%&ar aik $ka&i' %tira %#%#6a %!a/ kaar.


Geneis

• Mi$ra& %ta#a7 k-$&ar' "&a,ik&a' itit' #%k?it' k%ara.

• ara7 $%ai !$,a at%a aa&6a' #ia&6a !ari ,rait ata% at%"air ark$.

• Str%kt%r7 &iai ( se$istose t$r%ka: gneisose).

• T$kt%r7 ,ra&atik !a &$"i!&atik' #i$ra& "i"i/ !i"t, &$/ #i$ra& ,ra%&ar.


Mi(matit

• B$$ra"a *$i at%a $rt$kt%r ,$iik $+ara #$,ak"ik $ri, #$#"$r&i/atka

iat 6a, /$t$r,$ !a t$r&i/at $"$rti "$r+a#"%ra atara #$ta$!i#$ !a at%a

,raiti' at%a 6a, !$#ikia ii &a;i# !i$%t #i,#atit' #at$ria& ,raiti

!i"$rkiraka $raa& !ari &%ar' /ai& !ari iit% "artia& #$&ti, ata% !a"at *%,a !ari

$,r$,ai akiat "r$ #$ta#ri.

• Str%kt%r7 &iai ( se$istose t$r%ka: gneisose).

• T$kt%r7 ,ra&atik !a &$"i!&atik' #i$ra& "i"i/ !i"t, &$/ #i$ra& ,ra%&ar.



• M$ta#ra7 r$,ia&' "a!a ;a T ti,,i' !a $&a&% !i*%#"ai $raiai !$,a

at%a ,rait.

Milonit

• Mi$ra& !a 9ara t$r,at%, at%a 6a, #$,a&a#i #$ta#ra katak&atik.

• Str%kt%r !a t$kt%r7 t$r&i/at $"$rti a!a6a &iai !$,a &$a-&$a !ari at%a

6a, ti!ak /a+%r $r$t%k #ata' %tira %#%#6a /a&%.

• T$kt%r7 ,ra&atik' "iki&&atik' !$,a t$kt%r #aik.


+ilonit

• G$*a&a !a k$a#"aka a#a !$,a #i&itik (i&it %tira6a /a&%)' %!a/

t$r*a!i r$krita&iai' !$ra*at #$ta#ra &$i/ ti,,i !ia!i, #i&it

• Matrik t$r!iri !ari #ika $r$ra%t' t$rri$tai tak $#"%ra ($r%"a a&%r-a&%r a,at

/a&%)' #$%*%ka ki&a" i&k6' %tira /a&% $ka&i.


K!asit

• Mi$ra& %ta#a7 k%ara' #i$ra& ta#a/a7 #%k?it' itit' k-$&ar' #i$ra& i*i/.

• ara7 "%ti/ t$ra,' 9ara &ai6a t$r,at%, 9ara #i$ra& ta#a/a6a.

• Str%kt%r7 #ai' ka!a,-ka!a, $r&iai.

• T$kt%r7 ,ra&atik ti"$ #aik' ka!a,-ka!a, a+ari!a&.

• M$ta#ra7 r$,ia& !a t$r#a&

#epentinit

• Mi$ra& %ta#a7 $r"$ti' #i$ra& ta#a/a7 #i$ra& i*i/' #i$ra& ia7 &i?i'

"irk$.

• ara7 /i*a% t$ra, /i*a% k$k%i,a

• Str%kt%r7 #ai' ka!a,-ka!a, t$r!a"at tr%kt%r ia !ari "$ri!tit.

• T$kt%r7 &a#$&ar' $&%&ar' t$kt%r ia !ari "irk$ (atit).

• M$ta#ra7 r$,ia&

Am&i"olit

• Mi$ra& %ta#a7 a#i&' "&a,ik&a' #i$ra& ta#a/a7 k%ara' $"i!t' k&rit' itit'

,ar$t' #i$ra& i*i/.

• ara7 /i*a%:/ita# itik-itik "%ti/ ata% k%i,.

• Str%kt%r7 #ai ata% $r&iai' ka!a,-ka!a, a!a tr%kt%r ia !ari #$ta,ar ata%

#$ta &a?a aa&.

• T$kt%r7 i!i&atik:$#at&atik' ka!a,-ka!a, "iki&&atik ("&a,i-k&a)'

&$"i!&atik (itit)' "rir&atik (,ar$t)' $r%k%ra $!a,-kaar.

• M$ta#ra7 r$,ia&

Gan!lit

• Mi$ra& %ta#a7 k%ara' k-$&"ar' "&a,ik&a' ,ar$t' "irk$' $!ikit #ika.

• ara7 $r?ariai !ari t$ra, a#"ai ,$&a"' t$r,at%, #i$ra&6a.



• Str%kt%r7 #ai !$,a $ar %tir $r?ariai.

• T$kt%r7 ,ra&atik' ,$ia $ri,ka&i #i$ra& k%ara $r$t%k "i"i/' $r%k%ra

$!a,-kaar.

• M$ta#ra7 r$,ia&

Eklo(it

• Bat%a #$ta#r $rk#"ii aik' #i$ra& %ta#a7 #"ait (k&i"irk$)' ,ar$t'

k%ara.

• ara7 /i*a%-#$ra/ !$,a itik-itik.


• T$kt%r7 ,ra&atik $ri,ka&i "rir&atik' $r%k%ra $!a,-kaar.

• M$ta#ra7 r$,ia&

Mame

• Mi$ra& %ta#a7 ka&it ka!a,-ka!a, !&#it' "irk$' a#i&' &,"it' a!a

#i$ra& i*i/ ata% ki!a $i.

• ara7 "%ti/ !$,a ,ari-,ari /i*a%' a%-a%' +k&at !a #$ra/.


• T$kt%r7 ,ra&atik !$,a t$kt%r a+ari!a&.

• M$ta#ra7 ktak !a r$,ia&

6on&els

• Mi$ra& %ta#a7 a!a&%it' i&i#ait' kr!i$rit' itit' k-$&ar.

• ara7 t$ra,' #$ra/' +k&at' %,% !a /i*a%.

• Str%kt%r7 #ai ka!a,-ka!a, !$,a ia &iai.

•T$kt%r7 /r$&ik' ,ra&atik' "iki&&atik' ka!a,-ka!a, "rir-&atik'!$,a t$kt%r #aik' %tira $k%i!i#$ia&' ti!ak $rri$tai' %tira /a&%.

• M$ta#ra7 ktak.



Ta$& 1. Ta$& !$t$r#iai at%a #$ta#r



Dia,ra# . La,ka/ k$r*a "$!$kri"ia at%a #$ta#r

N. Bat%a7BB-01:BB-02' !&&.

ara7>ita# itik-itik "%ti/:"%ti/ k$#$ra/a' !&& (9ara 6a, r$"r$$tati)

Str%kt%r7

K#"ii Mi$ra&7K%ara (=)' +iri-+iri6a' !&&. (%t%k = !i,%aka !ia,ra# "$ra!i,a $+ara ?i%a&)

Na#a Bat%a7>r$&:S$ki:G$i:Mar#$r' !&&.

Str%kt%r &iai7S&at6 +&$a?a,$:i&itik:$kit$:,$i$

Str%kt%r &iai7Gra%&$:/r$&ik

T$kt%r7

>#$&atik7L$"i!&atik ata% $#at&atik ata%

,ra&atik ata% ,ra%&&atik

>$t$r&atik7L$"i!&atik !a ata% $#at&atik !a ata%

,ra&atik !a ata% ,ra%&&atik

Modul Praktikum GL2042 (Minggu 4)

Documents

Transcript of Modul Praktikum GL2042 (Minggu 4)