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LAPORAN KASUS DI IRNA ANAK PENDIDIKAN PROGAM PROFESI APOTEKER BIDANG FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT PERIODE APRIL-JUNI 2015 DI INSTALASI FARMASI RSUD Dr. SOETOMO Jalan Mayjen. Prof. Dr. Moestopo 6-8, Surabaya GNA Oleh : 1

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Transcript of MODUL new

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LAPORAN KASUS DI IRNA ANAK

PENDIDIKAN PROGAM PROFESI APOTEKERBIDANG FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT

PERIODE APRIL-JUNI 2015

DI INSTALASI FARMASI RSUD Dr. SOETOMOJalan Mayjen. Prof. Dr. Moestopo 6-8, Surabaya

GNA

Oleh :

MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN PROGAM PROFESI APOTEKERPERIODE APRIL-JUNI 2015

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PATIENT DATABASE

Demographic and Administration Information

Name : Abdul MalikAddress : Asem Jajar 5/321. JatimAge : 12 tahunHeight : 140 cm Weight:33 kgAdmission Date : 19-08-2015 Discharge : Pasien keluar RS tanggal 24-08-2015/membaik

Patient ID : 12.43.xx.xx Room No. : Bona 1MD : dr.NPharmacy : Lungguhan Siregar S.FarmRace : Indonesia Gender : PerempuanReligion : Islam

story of Present Illness :Pasien dari ruangan IRD atas rujukan dari RS Soewandi dengan Sindrom Nefrotik + Hipertensi dengan nyeri ulu hati sejak kurang lebih 4 hari, demam, bengkak pada kaki dan pipi, mual -, muntah -, kejang -. Makan minum +, dan BAB BAK +.

Vital Sign / Laboratory Data – Intial / Follow Up

Date19 August

201520 August

201521 August

201522 August

201523 August

2015DATA KLINIK

Suhu (36,5-37,5)ºC 37,5 37,5 36,5 36

Nadi (106-186) kali/menit 96 89

RR (20-25) kali/menit 24 24 26 24

Tekanan Darah Normal Sistolik : 71-111 mmHgDiastolik : < 74 mmHgKU

A/I/C/D

Rh/Wh

Mual/Muntah/Diare- - -- - -

Batuk- - - - -

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Demam - - - - -

Date19 August

201520 August

201521 August

201522 August

201523 August

2015DATA LABORATORIUM

WBC (4-12) x 103/mm39,84

RBC (3,6-5,46) x 103

mill/mm3 3,79

HGB (11-14,7 g/dl 10,4

Trombosit 150-450

Eosinofil

Basofil

Neutrofil

Limfosit

Monosit

Scr 1,34

SGOT 15-50 22

SGPT 5-45 13

MCHC 29,7-33,1

RDW 12,2-14,8

MPV 9,2-12

MCV (86,7-102,3 ) %

MCH (27,1-32,4) pg

BUN 10-20 38

K (3,7-5,6) mEq/L 52

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Na (136-144) mEq/L 142

Cl (95-105) mEq/L 114

Ca (7,6-11) mg/dl 84

Acute and Chronic Medical Problems :

Current Drug Therapy

Drug Name/Dose/Strength/Route Prescribed ScheduleDuration Start – Stop

DatesCompliance/Dosing Issue

Captopril 12,5 mg POInj. Lasix 3X35 mg IVNifedipin

Medication PTA

-

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Time Line: Circle actual administration times and record appropriate medications and meals below.

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Allergies/Intolerances:Tidak diketahui

Social Drug Use Cost Meds/month

Alcohol : -Caffein : -Tobacco : -

Insurance : Yes NoCopay :Medicaid :Annual income :

Allergen ReactionTidak diketahui

Tidak diketahui

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Notes Tanggal 26 Mei 2015 Hasil Foto Thorax AP (SImetris)

Kesimpulan: Pneumonia (mohon korelasi klinis)

Kultur : -

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DRUG THERAPY ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET (DTAW)

Type of problem Assessment Presence of Drug-Related Problem Comments/Notes

Correlation between Drug Therapy and Medical Problem

Are there drug without a medical indication ?

Are any medication unidentified (are any unlabeled or are any-prior to admission clinic visit-unknown) ?

Are there untreated medical conditions ?

Do they require drug therapy ?

1. A problem exists.

2. More information is needed for a determination.

3. No problem exists or an intervention is not needed.

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Patient : Location/Room : Pharmacist : Date :

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Appropriate Drug Selection  

What is the comparative efficacy of the chosen medication(s) ?

What is the relative safety of the chosen medication(s) ?

Has the therapy been toilered to this individual patient ?

1. A problem exists.

2. More information is needed for a determination.

3. No problem exists or an intervention is not needed.

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 Drug regimen

Are the prescribed dose and dosing frequency appropriate-within the usual therapeutic range and/or modified for patient factors ?

Is the route/dosage form/mode ofadministration appropriate, considering efficacy, safety, convenience, patient limitation, and cost ?

Are doses scheduled to maximizetherapeutic effect and compliance and to minimize adverse effect, drug interactions, and regimen complexity ?

Is the length or course of therapy appropriate ?

1. A problem exists.

2. More information is needed for a determination.

3. No problem exists or an intervention is not needed.

Therapeutic duplication

Are there any therapeutic duplications ?

1. A problem exists.

2.for a determination.

3.not needed.

Drug allergy Intolerance Is the patient allergic to or intolerant of any

medicines (or chemically related 1. A problem exists.

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medications)currently being taken ?

Is the patient using any method to alert health care providers of the allergy/intolerance (or serious medical problem) ?

2. More information is needed for a determination.

3. No problem exists or an intervention is not needed.

Adverse Drug Events

Are there symptoms or medical problems that may be drug induced ?

What is the likelihood that the problem is drug related ?

1. A problem exists

2. More information is needed for a determination.

3. No problem exists or an intervention is not needed.

Interactions : Drug-drug,Drug-Disease Drug-nutrient, and Drug-Laboratory Test

Are there drug-drug interactions ?Are they clinically significant ?Are any medications contraindicated(relatively or absolutely) given patient characteristic and current/pass disease states ?

Are there drug-nutrient interactions ?Are they clinically significant ?

Are there drug-laboratory test interactions ?Are they clinically significant ?

1. A problem exists.

2. More information is needed for a determination.

3. No problem exists or an intervention is not needed.

Social or RecreationalDrug Use Is the patient’s current use of social drugs 1. A problem exists.

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problematic ?

Could the sudden decrease or discontinuation of social drugs be related to patient symptoms (e.g., withdrawal) ?

2. More information is needed for a determination

3. No problem exists or an intervention is not needed.

Failure to Receive Therapy

Has the patient failed to receive medication due to system error or noncompliance?

Are there factors hindering the achievement of therapheutic efficacy?

1. A problem exists.

2. More information is needed for a determination

3. No problem exists or an intervention is not needed.

.

Financial Impact

Is the chosen medication(s) cost effective?

Does the cost of drug therapy represent a financial hardship for the patient ?

1. A problem exists.

2. More information is needed for a determination

3. No problem exists or an intervention is not needed.

Patient Knowledge of Drug Therapy

Does the patient understand the purpose of his or her medication(s), how to take it and the potential side effect of therapy ?

would the patient benefit from educationtool (e.g., writen patient education sheets, wallet cards and reminder packaging)

1. A problem exists.

2. More information is needed for a determination

3. No problem exists or an intervention is not needed.

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DRUG THERAPY PROBLEM LIST (DTPL)PATIENT : PHARMACIST : LOCATION/ROOM :

Date Problem Action/Intervention Date Problem Action/Intervention

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PHARMACIST’S CARE PLAN (PCP)

PATIENT : Ny. M PHARMACIST : Muhamad Arif Rahman S.FarmLOCATION/ROOM : Bona 2 isolasi

Health Care Need

Pharmacotherapeutic Goal Recommendations

for therapy Monitoring

Parameter(s)Desired Endpoint(s)

Monitoring Frequency

1.Mengatasi pencegahan infeksi

2.Mengatasi dan mencegah kejang

3.Keseimbangan cairan

Membunuh bakteri penyebab infeksi

Perbaikan keadaan klinis pasien (kejang dan kekakuan hilang / berkurang)

Kadar elektoril tubuh normal

cloxacillin 3 x 500 mg (i.v)PP 2 x 1 juta unit (i.m)

Injeksi Diazepam syr.pump 10 mg titrasiInjeksi fenitoin 3x50 mg (i.v)

D5-0,5S

Kultur

Kejangkaku

kadar elektrolit (Na, Cl, GD)

Hasil kultur, resistensi antibiotik dan sensitivitas antibiotik

Hilang dan berkurang

Nilai normal

72 jam setelah pemberian.

Setiap hari

Setiap tiga hari sekali

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PHARMACIST’S CARE PLAN MONITORING WORKSHEET (PCPMW)

PATIENT : Ny. M PHARMACIST : Muhamad Arif Rahman S.FarmLOCATION/ROOM : Bona 2 isolasi

Pharmaco therapeutic Goal

Monitoring Parameter

Desired Endpoint (s)

Monitoring Frequency

22/523/5

24/5 25/5 26/527/5 28/5 29/5

Tidak infeksiVital sign

Jumlah leukosit

Vital signSuhu tubuh (36,5-

37,5⁰ C) Vital sign (setiap hari)

37 37 36,6 36,8 36,7 36,537,5

HR 106-186 kali/menit

110 112 100 112 118 100110

RR (25-30 kali/menit)

24 28 24 24 24 2424

Leukosit (6-14.103 /mm3)

Jumlah leu (setiap 3-4

hari)

9.17x103

/mm3 - - - - --

Mengatasi Kejang Kejang/kaku negatif setiap sehari +/+ +/+

+/+ menur

un

+/+menu

run

+/+menu

run

+/+menu

run

+/+menu

run

Mengatasi kseseimbangan

elektrolit

Kadar (Na, Cl, GD)

Na (136-144)Cl (95-105)GD ( 40-121)

Setiap tiga hari

Na (145,5)Cl (110,2)GD ( 69)

- - -

- -

-

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LEMBAR KONSELING DAN INFORMASI

Nama: Ny. M No. DMK: 12.41.**** Dokter: dr. RUmur : 5 tahun BB: 11 kg TB: - cm Ruangan: Bona II-Isolasi Farmasis: Kelompok 4No Uraian Rekomendasi/Saran Evaluasi1 Memberikan

informasi kepada perawat mengenai fenitoin

Fenitoin diberikan secara injeksi i.v langsung atau i.v cateter. Jangan diberikan secara i.m karena absorbsinya lebih lambat sedangkan jika diberikan secara s.c dapat memberikan kerusakan pada jaringan daerah suntikan. Pemberian secara infus i.v tidak disarankan karena solubilitas fenitoin sangat rendah sehingga dapat menyebabkan presipitasi.Disarankan kecepatan pemberian i.v 1-3 mg/Kg/menit untuk anak agar mencegah efek samping yang tidak diinginkan dan tidak boleh lebih dari 50 mg/mnit. Jika diberikan dengan NS pada konsentrasi 1-10mg/ml terlebih dahulu disaring denga filter 0,22 mikron, mencegah ekstravasasi.Simpan pada suhu ruangan. (Trissel, 2013 halaman 942-946 ; Taketomo 2013, hal 1503-1509).

Perawat mengerti tentang informasi tersebut

2 Memberikan informasi kepada perawat mengenai syringe pump. Diazepam (i.v)

Tidak disarankan penggunaan anak umur <30 hari. Tidak disarankan infus berkelanjuan karena dapat menimbulkan presipitasi dan penyerapan pada bags dan tubing.Interaksi diazepam:Syringe:

1. Diazepam dlam plastic syringe simpan -20c dan 25c pada ruang gelap. Dapat disimpan selama 7 hari pada suhu 4c, dan 30 hari pada suhu -20C tetapi dapat kehilangan konsentrasi 8-13%

2. Diazepam pada plastic syringe yg terbuat dari polipropilen dan polietilen dapat bertahan selama 4 jam

3. Diazepam disimpan 1,5ml dalam disposable glass syringe dengan slit

Perawat mengerti tentang informasi tersebut

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rubber plunger untuk 90 hari pada suhu 30c dan 4c dalam bags yang tahan cahaya. Akan mulai kehilangan pada hari ke 60 -90.

Terjadi penyerapan pada:1. Infus bags PVC, akan hilang pada 30 menit – 24 jam sekitar 30-80%

2. Pada tabung kaca akan hilang 27 – 30%, dengan NaCL dalam glass bottle akan terjadi penyerapan 7% selama 7 jam

Sebaiknya diberikan denga syringe pump, karena aman selama 24 jam.

Penyaringan (filtration); diazepam+ Dx + Nacl dilewatkan selama 7 jam dengan tipe filter 0,2 . akan kehilangan 7-17% diazepam

Penyimpanan: smpan suhu 20-25, lindung cahaya, bertahan sampai 3 bulan ketika disimpan di suhu kamar, stabil pada ph 4-8, terhidrolisa pada ph <3. Jangan dicampur dengan obat lain. (Taketomo 2013, hal 580 -584 ; trissel 2013, 355-362)

3 Memberikan informasi kepada perawat mengenai injeksi cloxacilin

Untuk penggunaan i.m ditambahkan 1,9 atau 1,7 ml WFI ked lama 250 mg/500 mg lalu di kocok.Utuk i.v, rekonstitusi 250 mg dalam vial dengan 4,9 ml dgn WFI lalu di kocok.Untuk infus intravena, rekonstitusi 1g/2g vial dengan 3,4 ml atau 6,8 ml.Administrasi: diberikan i.v langsung dengan waktu 2-4 menit.Stabilitas: suhu stabil 25c, setelah rekonstitusi tahan 24-48 jam pada suhu 25c.

Cloxacilin 250 mg – 500 mg rekonstitusi 2 ml WFI, hilang 5% dalam 7 hari dgn suhu 5C dan 15% dalam 4 hari dgn suhu 23C.Cloxacilin dgn nacl, dextrose yg disimpan dlam bag PVC atau botol kaca tahan 24 jam dgn suhu 5 dan 22 C. dan tahan 8 jam pada dekstrose 8%

Stabil pada pH 5,5- 7 (trissel, 2014 halaman 303)

Perawat mengerti tentang informasi tersebut

4 Memberikan Dosis: 25.000-50.000 unit/kg/hari dalam dosis terbagi 12-24 jam, tidk boleh Perawat mengerti tentang

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informasi kepada perawat mengenai injeksi penicillin procain (i.m)

lebih dr 4,8 juta/24 jam. Hanya bisa diberika melalui I.m, kalu melalui i.v dapat menyebabkan gangguan sistem saraf.

(Taketomo, 2014, hal :)

informasi tersebut

Konseling ke Keluarga PasienNo Uraian Rekomendasi/Saran Evaluasi1 Memberikan

informasi kepada keluarga pasien mengenai penggunaan cloxacilin

Cloxacilin+jus atau minuman bersoda. Berinteraksi dapat menurunkan efek dari cloxacilin. Pasien manajemen : jangan diberikan minuman jus/ bersoda. Dan monitoring keadaan klinis pasien.

(drugs.com.).

Keluarga pasien mengerti tentang informasi tersebut

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

PPAKPedoman Diagnosa dan Terapi Formularium RSUD Dr. Soetomo. 2013Medscape.comDrugs.comTrissel, 2014Taketomo, 2013.

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