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OLO J

WEDALCU@ULD

<$<$ @lqlr Oe`lildb

Vmvjm`mbj veolblj j`hu zldb ajieholdbild wlal qlcud <277(ld wlal

alvlrdzl heruwlild revwmdv lqlv weruolcld qlqldld hlvzlrlilq zldb heruwlild

lijolq laldzl verldbiljld re~m`uvj vmvjl` aj deblrl(deblrl Ermwl$ Ieklajld

qerveouq he`lcjrild oerolblj wehjijrld ald qllrld(qllrld jae zldb oeruvlcl

hereimdvqruivj u`ldb aj vlhwjdb hehoedqui qlqldld vmvjl` olru zldb ajldbblw

`eojc re`e~ld aedbld wrmvev weruolcld vmvjl` zldb vealdb qerklaj$ _evwmdv zldb

aj il`ldbld lilaehjvj jdj ve`ldkuqdzl he`lcjrild qmimc(qmimc vmvjm`mbj zldb

jae(jaedzl oldzli ajklajild rukuild al`lh weholclvld hlvl`lc vmvjl`$

Vmvjm`mbj veolblj j`hu zldb hehwe`lklrj cuoudbld(cuoudbld vmvjl`

zldb lal al`lh hlvzlrlilq, hehnmiuvild ilkjlddzl wlal werld ald ieauauild

jdaj~jau al`lh hlvzlrlilq verql cuoudbld aj ldqlrl ieauldzl$ Vecuoudbld

aedbld cl` jdj oeoerlwl wehjijr vmvjm`mbj wud qerolbj hedklaj qjbl ie`mhwmi, zljqu

hereil zldb hedeildild ilkjlddzl wlal <* amhjdlvj jdaj~jau, ?* amhjdlvj

hlvzlrlilq, ald 6* vl`jdb wedblruc ldqlrl jdaj~jau ald hlvzlrlilq$ Veolblj j`hu

zldb hehwe`lklrj cuoudbld(cuoudbld vmvjl`, vmvjm`mbj qjali ojvl ajwjvlcild alrj

werldld j`hu vmvjl` `ljddzl, vewerqj j`hu eimdmhj, ieveclqld, wm`jqji, imhudjilvj,

ldqrmwm`mbj, mrbldjvlvj, cuiuh, ald `ljd(`ljd$ Cl` qerveouq ajilredlild bekl`l vmfjl`

zldb hedklaj mozei ilkjld vmvjm`mbj wlal alvlrdzl ouild bekl`l qudbbl`

he`ljdild vevulqu zldb hedbldaudb oldzli ajhedvj$ Aedbld aehjijld hlil

wlal werieholdbld ve`ldkuqdzl alrj ilkjld vmvjm`mbj hu`lj hudfu` ojaldb(ojaldb ilkjld zldb vjnlqdzl qerlwld, vewerqj Vmvjm`mbj Eimdmhj, Vmvjm`mbj

Ieveclqld, Vmvjm`mbj Cuiuh, Vmvjm`mbj Wm`jqji, Vmvjm`mbj Imhudjilvj, ald ̀ ljd(`ljd$

Oeralvlrild wehjijrld ald wldaldbld zldb ajiehuilild aj lqlv hlil

wedu`jv qerqlrji udqui hedblalild wede`jqjld aedbld kuau` ;

‘_uldb `jdbiuw Vmvjm`mbj, Wrmvev Vmvjl` ald Ie`mhwmi Vmvjl`‘$ 

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<$?$  _uhuvld Hlvl`lc

Oeralvlrild wedke`lvld ajlqlv hlil wedu`jv hedblhoj` oeoerlwl ruhuvld

hlvl`lc zldb lild ajieholdbild al`lh rldbil wedu`jvld jdj, zljqu;

<$  Olbljhldl wedberqjld, nudbvj, imdvew ald qemrj(qemrj Vmvjm`mbj=

?$  Olbljhldl werieholdbld Vmvjm`mbj aj Jdamdevjl=

6$  Lwl zldb aj hlivua aedbld wrmvev vmvjl` ald jdqerlivj vmvjl`=

1$  Olbljhldl wedberqjld ald qjwe(qjwe ie`mhwmi vmvjl`=

<$6$ Qukuld Wede`jqjld

Vevulj aedbld ruhuvld hlvl`lc aj lqlv, hlil qukuld zldb jdbjd ajflwljal`lh wedu`jvld jdj lal`lc ;

<$  Udqui hehlclhj wedberqjld, nudbvj, imdvew ald qemrj(qemrj Vmvjm`mbj$

?$  Udqui hedbeqlcuj werieholdbld Vmvjm`mbj aj Jdamdevjl$

6$  Udqui hedbeqlcuj wrmvev vmvjl` ald jdqerlivj vmvjl` al`lh iecjauwld$

1$  Udqui hehlclhj wedberqjld ald qjwe(qjwe ie`mhwmi vmvjl`$

<$1$ Hldnllq Wede`jqjld

Oeoerlwl hldnllq zldb alwlq ajlhoj` al`lh wedu`jvld jdj ldqlrl `ljd alwlq

hedklaj amrmdbld olbj hlclvjvl qerhlvui wedu`jv udqui hehlclhj wedberqjld,

qemrj(qemrj ald werieholdbld Vmvjm`mbj aj Jdamdevjl$ Ve`ljd jqu udqui alwlq `eojc

hedal`lhj hedbedlj jdqerlivj vmvjl` ald qjwe(qjwe ie`mhwmi vmvjl`$

<$5$ Heqmae Wedu`jvld

Al`lh wede`jqjld jdj, heqmae zldb ajbudlild lal`lc veolblj oerjiuq;

<$5$<$ Kedjv ald Vuhoer Alql

Kedjv alql zldb ajbudlild al`lh wedu`jvld jdj lal`lc alql veiudaer zldb

oerlvl` alrj `jqerlqur(`jqerlqur zldb lal vewerqj ouiu, lrqjie`, jdqerdeq, ald qu`jvld `ljd

zldb qeriljq aedbld qmwji weholclvld$

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<$5$?$ Heqmae Wedbm`lcld Alql

Wedbm`lcld alql ald jdnmrhlvj zldb ajwerm`ec aj`liuild aedbld wedaeilqld

aevirjwqjn$ Wrmvev wedze`evljld hlvl`lc zldb lal aj`liuild aedbld flrl

hedbjaedqjnjilvj hlvl`lc, hedbldl`jvjv vuhoer wedzeolo hlvl`lc, iehuajld

hededquild vm`uvj weheflcld hlvl`lc aedbld vquaj imhwlrlqjn qerclalw alql zldb

ajbudlild verql wedbl`lhld `lwldbld zldb ajhj`jij m`ec wedu`jv$

<$5$6$ Wedlrjild Ievjhwu`ld

Qlclw licjr wedu`jvld jdj lal`lc wedlrjild ievjhwu`ld alrj weholclvld,

vecjdbbl alwlq hedbclvj`ild jdqjvlrj zldb ajwer`uild oeriljqld aedbld werhlvl`lcldzldb lal$

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OLO JJ

WEHOLCLVLD

?$<$ Wedbldqlr Vmvjm`mbj

Vmvjm`mbj oerll` alrj nj`vlnlq zldb ajldbblw veolblj jdaui j`hu # Hlvqer 

vfjedqjlruh*$ Nj`vlnlq lal`lc j`hu hedbedlj wedbeqlculd, irjqji, ald vjvqehlqjil

wedbeqlculd, wedzjhwu`ld j`hu wedbeqlculd ehwjrjv, wedblklrld rlvjmdl`, lil`

wedbl`lhld, ald veqeruvdzl$ Vmvjm`mbj oerlvl` alrj ilql `lqjd vmfjuv zldb oerlrqj

‐illd‘ ald ilql Zudldj `mbmv zldb oerlrqj ‐ilql‘ lqlu ‐oerojflrl‘$ Alwlq ajilqlild

 olcl vmvjm`mbj oerlrqj ‐oerojflrl hedbedlj hlvzlrlilq‘$ Heduruq Lubuvqe Fmhqe 

#<2:3(<352* vmvjm`mbj heruwlild j`hu wedbeqlculd iehlvzlrlilqld uhuh zldb

heruwlild clvj` qerlicjr werieholdbld j`hu wedbeqlculd$

?$?$ J`hu Wedbeqlculd ald Vmvjm`mbj

J`hu wedbeqlculd lal`lc wedbeqlculd #idm`lbe* zldb qervuvud vjvqehlqjv

aedbld hedbbudlild ieiulqld wehjijrld, zldb ve`l`u alwlq ajwerjivl ald ajqe`llc

#ajimdqrm`* m`ec veqjlw mrldb zldb jdbjd hedbeqlcujdzl$ Qjali vehul wedbeqlculd

heruwlild vulqu j`hu, cldzl wedbeqlculd zldb qervuvud veflrl vjvqehlqjv vlkl zldb

heruwlild wedbeqlculd$ J`hu wedbeqlculd alwlq qjhou` alrj we`olblj flrl,

ajldqlrldzl;

l$  Wedehuld veflrl ieoequ`ld, lrqjdzl wedehuld zldb vjnlqdzl qldwl ajredfldlild

ald ajwercjqudbild qer`eojc alcu`u$

o$  Cl` udqudb(udqudbld, lrqjdzl wedehuld he`l`uj flrl werfmolld(werfmolld ald

ievl`lcld(ievl`lcld$f$  Iejollld, zljqu oeralvlrild wedbcmrhlqld qerclalw wedalwlq lqlu wedehuld

zldb ajclvj`ild m`ec vevemrldb lqlu `eholbl qerqedqu zldb ajldbblw hehwudzlj

iejollld lqlu eedldb$

a$  Uvlcl(uvlcl zldb oevjnlq vweiu`lqjn, lrqjdzl alrj veijld oldzli iehudbijdld,

ajwj`jc vl`lc vlqu iehudbiijdld l`luwud wj`jcld qerveouq qjali ajalvlrild

iezlijdld lwlilc wj`jcld qerveouq heruwlild flrl zldb veqewlq(qewlqdzl$

e$  Wedbl`lhld, lrqjdzl oeralvlrild wjijrld irjqjv$

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n$  Wede`jqjld j`hjlc, zljqu vulqu heqmae zldb oerqukuld udqui hehwe`lklrj vlqu lqlu

oeoerlwl bekl`l aedbld kl`ld ldl`jvjv ald weherjivlld zldb hedal`lh qerclalw

nliql(hlvl`lc$

?$?$<$ J`hu(j`hu Vmvjl` ald Vmvjm`mbj

Lwloj`l jvqj`lc ‐vmvjl`‘ wlal j`hu(j`hu vmvjl` hedudkui wlal mokeidzl,

zljqu hlvzlrlilq, vmvjm`mbj heruwlild vulqu jaem`mbz zldb oerwmimi wlal wrjdvjw

wehj`jild uhuh$ Vmvjm`mbj ke`lv heruwlild j`hu vmfjl` zldb mokeidzl lal`lc

hlvzlrlilq$ Vmvjm`mbj heruwlild vulqu j`hu zldb oerajrj vedajrj ilredl qe`lc

heheducj vebedlw udvur(udvur j`hu wedbeqlculd zldb fjrj(fjrjdzl lal`lc;l$  Vmvjm`mbj oervjnlq ehwjrjv, olcl j`hu wedbeqlculd qerveouq ajalvlrild wlal

mover~lvj qerclalw iedzlqlld$

o$  Vmvjm`mbj oevjnlq qemrjqjv, zljqu j`hu wedbeqlculd qerveouq ve`l`u oeruvlcl udqui 

hedzuvud lovqrlivj alrj clvj`(clvj` mover~lvj$

f$  Vmvjm`mbj oervjnlq iuhu`lqjn, lrqjdzl qemrj(qemrj Vmvjm`mbj ajoedqui oeralvlrild

qemrj(qemrj zldb vualc lal al`lh lrqj hehweroljij, hehwer`ulv verql

hehwercl`uv qemrj(qemrj zldb ̀ lhl$

a$  Vmvjm`mbj oervjnlq dmdeqjv, lrqjdzl zldb ajwervml`ild ouild`lc olji(ouruidzl nliql

qerqedqu, qeqlwj qukulddzl lal`lc udqui hedke`lvild nliql qerveouq veflrl ldl`jqjv$

Hlvzlrlilq zldb hedklaj mokei j`hu(j`hu vmvjl` alwlq aj`jclq veolblj vevulqu zldb

qerajrj alrj oeoerlwl vebj9 lal vebj eimdmhj, lal vebj iecjauwld wm`jqji, ald ̀ ljd(`ljd$

?$?$?$ Aenjdjvj Vmvjm`mbj ald Vjnlq Clijilqdzl

Aenjdjvj Vmvjm`mbj alrj oeoerlwl lc`j;

l$  Wjqjrjh Vmrmijd hedblqlild olcl Vmvjm`mbj lal`lc vulqu j`hu zldb hehwe`lklrj;

<$  Cuoudbld ald wedblruc qjhol` ol`ji ldqlrl ldeil hlflh bekl`l(bekl`l vmfjl`$

?$  Cuoudbld ald wedblruc qjhol` ol`ji ldqlrl bekl`l vmfjl` ald bekl`l dmdvmvjl`$

6$  Fjrj(fjrj uhuh vehul kedjv bekl`l(bekl`l vmfjl`$ 

o$  _mufei ald Rlrred hedbehuilild olcl Vmvjm`mbj lal`lc j`hu zldb

hehwe`lklrj cuoudbld ldqlrl hlduvjl al`lh ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi$

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f$  Rj``jlh N$ Mbourd ald Hlzer N$ Djhimwn  oerwedalwlq olcl Vmvjm`mbj lal`lc

wede`jqjld veflrl j`hjlc qerclalw jdqerlivj vmvjl` ald clvj`dzl, zljqu mrbldjvlvj

vmvjl`$ a$  K$L$L ^md Amrd ald F$K$ @lhherv oerwedalwlq olcl Vmvjm`mbj lal`lc j`hu

wedbeqlculd qedqldb vqruiqur(vqruiqur ald wrmvev(wrmvev iehlvzlrlilqld zldb

oervjnlq vqloj`$ e$  Ve`m Vuhlrakld ald Vme`lehld Vmehlraj hedzlqlild olcl Vmvjm`mbj lal`lc

j`hu iehlvzlrlilqld zldb hehwe`lklrj vqruiqur vmvjl` ald wrmvev(wrmvev vmvjl`

qerhlvui  weruolcld vmvjl`$ Vqruiqur Vmvjl` lal`lc ieve`urucld kl`jdld ldqlrl

udvur(udvur vmvjl` zldb wmimi, zljqu iljalc(iljalc vmfjl` #dmrhl(dmrhl vmvjl`*,`eholbl(`eholbl vmvjl`, ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi verql `lwjvld(`lwjvld vmvjl`$ Wrmvev

vmvjl` lal`lc wedblruc qjhol` ol`ji ldqlrl we`olblj vebj iecjauwld oervlhl,

uhwlhldzl wedblruc qjhol` ol`ji ldqlrl vebj iecjauwld eimdmhj aedbld vebj

iecjawuld wm`jqji, ldqlrl vebj iecjauwld cuiuh ald vebj iecjauwld lblhl, ldqlrl

vebj iecjauwld lblhl ald vebj iecjauwld eimdmhj ald `ljd veolbljdzl$  Clijilq Vmvjm`mbj lal`lc veolblj oerjiuq;

l$  Vmvjm`mbj lal`lc vulqu j`hu vmvjl` ald ouild heruwlild j`hu wedbeqlculd

l`lh lqluwud j`hu wedbeqlculd iermcldjld$

o$  Vmvjm`mbj ouild heruwlild ajvjw`jd zldb dmrhlqjn lild qeqlwj lal`lc vulqu

ajvjw`jd zldb ilqebmrjv, lrqjdzl vmvjm`mbj heholqlvj ajrj wlal lwl zldb qerklaj

aelvl jdj ald ouild hedbedlj lwl zldb qerklaj lqlu veclruvdzl qerklaj$

f$  Vmvjm`mbj heruwlild j`hu wedbeqlculd zldb hurdj # wure vfjedfe* ald ouild

heruwlild j`hu wedbeqlculd qerlwld lqlu qerwlilj #lw``jea vfjedfe*$

a$  Vmvjm`mbj heruwlild j`hu wedbeqlculd zldb lovqrli ald ouild heruwlild j`hu

wedbeqlculd zldb imdirjq$

e$  Vmvjm`mbj oerqukuld udqui hedbclvj`ild wedberqjld(wedberqjld ald wm`l(wm`l

uhuh$

n$  Vmvjm`mbj heruwlild wedbeqlculd zldb ehwjrjv ald rlvjmdl`$

b$  Vmvjm`mbj heruwlild j`hu wedbeqlculd zldb uhuh ald ouild heruwlild

j`hu wedbeqlculd zldb icuvuv$

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?$?$6$ Mokei Vmvjm`mbj

Mokei Vmvjm`mbj lal`lc hlvzlrlilq zldb aj`jclq alrj vuauq cuoudbld ldqlr

hlduvjl, ald wrmvev zldb qjhou` alrj cuoudbld hlduvjl aj al`lh hlvzlrlilq$

Hlvzlrlilq heruwlild hlduvjl zldb cjauw oervlhl, oerflhwur udqui liqu zldb

fuiuw `lhl, laldzl ievlalrld olcl hereil heruwlild vulqu ievlquld, hereil

heruwlild vulqu vzvqeh cjauw oervlhl$ Oeoerlwl mrldb vlrkldl qe`lc hedfmol udqui 

hehoerjild aenjdjvj hlvzlrlilq #vmfjeqz* vewerqj oerjiuq jdj;

l$  Hlf`~er ald Wlbe hedblqlild olcl hlvzlrlilq lal`lc vulqu vjvqeh alrj

ieojlvlld ald qlql flrl, alrj eedldb ald ierkl vlhl ldqlrl oerolblj ie`mhwmi 

ald wedbbm`mdbld, ald wedbllvld qjdbilc `liu verql ieoeolvld(ieoeolvldhlduvjl$ Ieve`urucld zldb ve`l`u oeruolc jdj ijql dlhlild hlvzlrlilq$

Hlvzlrlilq heruwlild kl`jdld cuoudbld vmfjl`$ Ald hlvzlrlilq ve`l`u oeruolc$

o$  _l`wc @jdqmd hedzlqlild olcl hlvzlrlilq heruwlild veqjlw ie`mhwmi hlduvjl

zldb qe`lc cjauw ald oeierklvlhl fuiuw `lhl vecjdbbl hereil alwlq hedblqur

ajrj hereil ald hedbldbblw ajrj hereil veolblj vulqu ievlquld vmvjl` aedbld

olqlv(olqlv zldb ajruhuvild aedbld ke`lv$

f$  Ve`m Vmehlrakld hedblqlild olcl hlvzlrlilq lal`lc mrldb(mrldb zldb cjauw

oervlhl, zldb hedbclvj`ild ieoualzlld$ 

a$  K$@$Bj``jd hedzlqlild hlvzlrlilq lal`lc ievlquld cjauw hlduvjl zldb qerjilq  

m`ec vulqu qlql flrl #vjvqeh* ieojlvlld ald lalq jvqjlalq qerqedqu zldb ajlduq m`ec

ldbbmql(ldbbmqldzl$  

Alrj aenjdjvj(aenjdjvj aj lqlv, udvur(udvur hlvzlrlilq veolblj oerjiuq ;

l$  Hlvzlrlilq heruwlild hlduvjl zldb cjauw oervlhl$ Aj al`lh J`hu Vmvjl`

qjali lal uiurld huq`li lqluwud ldbil wlvqj udqui hededquild oerlwl kuh`lc

hlduvjl zldb clruv lal$ Lild qeqlwj veflrl qemreqjv ldbil hjdjhdzl lal`lc

aul mrldb zldb cjauw oervlhl$

o$  Oerflhwur udqui liqu zldb fuiuw `lhl$ Iuhwu`ld alrj hlduvjl qjali`lc

vlhl aedbld iuhwu`ld oedal(oedal hlqj vewerqj uhwlhldzl iurvj, hekl ald

veolbljdzl$ M`ec ilredl aedbld oeriuhwu`dzl hlduvjl lild qjhou` hlduvjl(

hlduvjl olru$ Hlduvjl jqu kubl alwlq oerflilw(flilw, herlvl ald hedberqj9

hereil kubl hehwudzlj iejdbjdld udqui hedzlhwljild ievld(ievld lqlu

werlvlld(werlvllddzl$ Veolblj lijolq cjauw oervlhl jqu, qjhou`lc vjvqeh

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imhudjilvj ald qjhou`lc werlqurld(werlqurld zldb hedblqur cuoudbld ldqlrl

hlduvjl al`lh ie`mhwmi qerveouq$

f$  Hereil vlalr olcl hereil heruwlild vlqu ievlquld$

a$  Hereil heruwlild vulqu vjvqeh cjauw oervlhl$ Vjvqeh iecjauwld oervlhl

hedjhou`ild ieoualzlld m`ec ilredl veqjlw ldbbmql ie`mhwmi herlvl ajrjdzl

qerjilq vlqu aedbld `ljddzl$

Aul clvrlq iulq al`lh ajrj hlduvjl ;

l$  Iejdbjdld udqui hedklaj vlqu aedbld vevlhldzl lqlu hlduvjl `ljd

ajveie`j`jdbdzl #hjvl`dzl, hlvzlrlilq*$

o$ Iejdbjdld udqui hedklaj vlqu aedbld `jdbiudbld l`lh veie`j`jdbdzl Udqui alwlqhedzevuljild ajrj aedbld ieaul `jdbiudbld ajlqlv, hlduvjl hehwerbudlild

wjijrld, werlvlld ald iecedalidzl$

Ieouqucld(ieouqucld zldb ajwer`uild hlvzlrlilq lblr alwlq qeruv cjauw;

  Laldzl wmwu`lvj ald wmwu`lqjmd rew`lfehedq  

  Jdnmrhlvj

  Ederbj

 Hlqerj

  Vjvqeh Imhudjilvj

  Vjvqeh wrmauivj

  Vjvqeh ajvqrjouvj

  Vjvqeh mrbldjvlvj vmfjl`

  Vjvqeh wedbedal`jld vmfjl`

  Wer`jdaudbld hlvzlrlilq qerclalw ldflhld(ldflhld zldb qerquku wlal kjl

ald clrql oedaldzl$Imhwmded(imhwmdld alvlr vulqu hlvzlrlilq

<$  Wmwu`lvj, zlidj lrbl(lrbl vulqu hlvzlrlilq zldb aj`jclq alrj veqjlw vuauq

wldaldbld im`eiqjn$ Veflrl vmvjm`mbjv, hlil lvwei(lvwei vmvjm`mbjvdzl zldb

ajwer`u ajwerqjholdbild lal`lc

(  lvwei(lvwei bedeqji zldb imdvqld

(  ~lrjloe`(~lrjloe` bedeqjf

(  ~lrjloe`(~lrjloe` aehmbrlnjv

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:

?$  Ieoualzlld, zlidj clvj` ilrzl, fjwql ald rlvl alrj iecjauwld oervlhl zldb

hedfliuw ;

(  vjvqeh `lholdb(`lholdb

(  jdnmrhlvj 

6$  Clvj`(clvj` ieoualzlld hlqerjj`

1$  Mrbldjvlvj vmfjl` zlidj klrjdbld cuoudbld ldqlrl lrbl(lrbl hlvzlrlilq

zldb oervldbiuqld, zldb ldqlrl `ljd hedfliuw ;

(  lrbl hlvzlrlilq veflrl jdaj~jaul`

(  werldld(werldld

( 

ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi vmfjl`(  ie`lv(ie`lv vmfjl`

5$  @eholbl(`eholbl vmvjl` ald vjvqehdzl$ 

?$6$ Blholrld _jdbilv Qedqldb Veklrlc Qemrj(qemrj Vmvjm`mbj

Vulqu Qemrj wlal clieilqdzl heruwlild cuoudbld ldqlrl aul nliql lqlu

`eojc, lqlu wedblqurld nliql heduruq flrl(flrl qerqedqu$ Nliql qerveouq heruwlild

vevulqu zldb alwlq ajlhlqj ald wlal uhuhdzl alwlq ajukj veflrl ehwjrjv$

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hehwudzlj dj`lj(dj`lj zldb oeroeal, hjvl`dzl uvjl, kedjv ie`lhjd, ald `ljd

veolbljdzl$

Iebudlld Qemrj Vmvjm`mbj ldqlrl `ljd ;

l$  Vulqu qemrj lqlu oeoerlwl qemrj heruwlild jicqjvlr alrjwlal cl`(cl` zldb qe`lc

ajieqlcuj verql ajukj ieoedlrlddzl zldb hedzldbiuq mokei zldb ajwe`lklrj

vmvjm`mbj$

o$  Qemrj hehoerjild wequdkui(wequdkui qerclalw ieiurldbld(ieiurldbld wlal

vevemrldb zldb hehweral`lh wedbeqlculddzl aj ojaldb vmvjm`mbj$

f$  Qemrj oerbudl udqui `eojc hehwerqlklh lqlu `eojc hedbicuvuvild nliql zldb

ajwe`lklrj m`ec vmvjm`mbj$

a$  Vulqu qemrj lild vldblq oerbudl al`lh hedbeholdbild vjvqeh i`lvjnjilvj nliql,

hehojdl vqruiqur imdvew(imdvew verql hehwerieholdbild aenjdjvj(aenjdjvj zldb

wedqjdb udqui wede`jqjld$

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e$  Wedbeqlculd qemrjqjv hehoerjild iehudbijdld(iehudbijdld udqui hedblalild

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lild oerieholdb lqlv alvlr nliql zldb ajieqlcuj wlal hlvl `lhwlu ald wlal

aelvl jdj$

Hlvl Lubuvqe Fmhqe ajwlilj veolblj wlqmild, ilredl j`huld Werldfjv

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`ljd;l$  W`lqm #1?:(6?: V$H*

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hedbldl`jvjv `eholbl(`eholbl ajal`lh hlvzlrlilq hlil W`lqm oerclvj`

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clijilqdzl heruwlild vulqu ievlquld zldb hedze`uruc zldb hedfliuw ojaldb(

ojaldb iecjauwld eimdmhj ald vmvjl`$

o$  Lrjvqmqe`ev #631(6?? V$H*

Aj al`lh ouiu wm`jqjidzl, jl hedblalild vulqu ldl`jvjv hedal`lh qerclalw

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hedblalild vulqu ldl`mbj ldqlrl hlvzlrlilq aedbld mrbldjvhe ojm`mbjv hlduvjl$

Aj vlhwjdb jqu jl hedbblrjvild iedzlqlld olcl olvjv hlvzlrlilq lal`lc hmrl`$

f$  Jod Icl`aud #<66?(<17>*

Jod Icl`aud qe`lc hedbclvj`ild veiuhwu`ld ilrzl zldb hedbldaudb oerolblj

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qedqldb hlvzlrlilq, rjveq ehwjrjv, ald hede`jqj veolo(veolo nedmhedl vmfjl`$ Jl

hehuvlqild werclqjld wlal oerolblj `eholbl vmfjl` #hjvl`dzl Wm`jqji ald

eimdmhj* ald cuoudbld ldqlr `eholbl qerveouq$ Jl kubl qerqlrji he`liuild vquaj

weroldajdbld ldqlrl hlvzlrlilq wrjhjqj~e ald hmaerd$ Jodu Icl`aud qjali 

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oerwedblruc veflrl arlhlqjv qerclalw vmvjm`mbj i`lvji , qeqlwj veqe`lc vlrkldl

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zldb hehwudzlj vjbdjnjildvj cjmvqmrjv$

a$  [lhld _eldjvvldfe #<?77(<>77*

(  Qcmhlv Hmre ald Flhwlde``l 

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jael`$

(  D$ Hlfcjl~e``j #ouiudzl J` Wrjdfjwe* 

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lklrld, olcl qemrj(qemrj wm`jqji ald vmvjl` hehuvlqild werclqjld heildjvhe

weherjdqlcld$

e$  Cmooev#<533(<>2:*

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njvjil ald hlqehlqjil$ Ajl oerldbblwld olcl al`lh ielalld

l`lhjlc, iecjauwld hlduvjl ajalvlrild wlal iejdbjdldiejdbjdld zldb heildjv,

vecjdbbl hlduvjl ve`l`u oerie`lcj$ Lild qeqlwj hereil hehwudzlj wjijrld olcl

cjauw alhlj ald qedqerlh lal`lc kluc `eojc olji$ Ielalld vehlflh jqu

olru alwlq qerflwlj lwloj`l hereil hedblalild vulqu werkldkjld lqlu imdqrli 

aedbld wjcli(wjcli zldb hehwudzlj eedldb, wjcli hldl lild alwlq

hehe`jclrlieqedqerlhld$ Vuwlzl ielalld alhlj qlaj qerwe`jclrl, hlil mrldb(

mrldb clruv veweducdzl hehlqucj wjcli zldb hehwudzlj eedldb qlaj$ Al`lh

ielalld aehjijld`lc hlvzlrlilq alwlq oernudbvj veolbljhldl hevqjdzl$

 n$   Kmcd @mfie#<>6?(<271*

Hlduvjl wlal alvlrdzl hehwudzlj cli(cli lvlvj zldb oeruwl cli udqui cjauw,

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wjcli zldb hehwudzlj eedldb vjnlqdzl lqlv alvlr nliqmr wlhrjc$ Oj`l wjcli 

zldb hehwudzlj eedldb qlaj blbl` udqui heheducj vzlrlq(vzlrlq imdqrli,

hlil lrbl(lrbl hlvzlrlilq oercli udqui hehj`jc wjcli `ljd$

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b$  K$K$ _muvvelu#<2<?(<223* Imdqrli ldqlrl weherjdqlc aedbld zldb ajwerjdqlc, hedzeoloild quhoucdzl

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c$  Vljdq Vjhmd#<2>7(<3?5*

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bekl`l `ljd$ Ajl hehjijrild veklrlc veolblj vulqu njvjil vmvjl`$ Njvjm`mbj vldblqhehwedblrucj lklrld(lklrlddzl hedbedlj hlvzlrlilq$ Hlvzlrlilq

ouild`lc vehlql(hlql heruwlild vulqu iuhwu`ld alrj mrldb(mrldb oe`lil zldb

qjdalild(qjdalilddzl qjali hehwudzlj veolo, ieful`j iehluld hlvjdb(hlvjdb$

Iuhwu`ld qerveouq cjauw ilredl ajamrmdb m`ec mrbldmrbldj qerqedqu zldb

hedbberlild hlduvjl udqui he`liuild nudbvj(nudbvj qerveouq$

j$   Lubuvqe Fmhqe#<2:3(<356*

Lubuvqe Fmhqe zldb werqlhl(qlhl hehwerbudlild jvqj`lc ‐vmvjm`mbj‘ lal`lc

mrldb werqlhl zldb hehoealild ldqlrl ruldb `jdbiuw ald jvj vmvjm`mbj alrj ruldb

`jdbiuw ald jvj j`hu(j`hu wedbeqlculd `ljddzl$ Ldbblwlddzl vmvjm`mbj qerajrj alrj

aul olbjld wmimi, zljqu vmfjl` vqlqjvqjfv ald vmfjl` azdlhjfv$ Veolblj vmfjl`

vqlqjvqjfv vmvjm`mbj heruwlild veoulc j`hu zldb hehwe`lklrj cuoudbld qjhol`

ol`ji ldqlrl `eholbl(`eholbl iehlvzlrlilqld$ Vmfjl` azdlhjfv hedermwmdb

olbljhldl `eholbl`eholbl qerveouq oerieholdb ald hedbl`lhj werieholdbld

vewldkldb hlvl$ Heduruq Fmhqe lal qjbl qlclw werieholdbld jdqe`eiqul`9

<$  Qlclw njiqjn lqlu qem`mbjv 

Vulqu qlclw ajhldl hlduvjl hedlnvjrild bekl`l(bekl`l ajveie`j`jdbdzl veflrl

qem`mbjv, zljqu aedbld ajiedal`jild m`ec ieiulqld rmc ael(ael lqlu qucld

zldb hlcl iulvl$

?$  Qlclw heqlnjvji 

Ajhldl hlduvjl oerldbblwld olcl ajal`lh veqjlw bekl`l qeralwlq ieiulqld(

ieiulqld lqlu jdqj qerqedqu zldb wlal licjrdzl lild alwlq ajudbilwild$

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6$  Qlclw wmvjqjn 

Ajhldl hlduvjl hlvjc qerjilq m`ec fjql(fjql qldwl ~erjnjilvj ilredl laldzl

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lal uvlcl udqui hedehuild cmiuh(cuiuh l`lh zldb verlblh$

Qemrj(qemrj vmvjm`mbj vevualc Fmhqe ajldqlrldzl;

l$  Hla{clo bembrlnj ald `jdbiudbld

(   Ealra Oufi`e#<3?<(<3>?*

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veoe`uhdzl qedqldb wedblruc ielalld l`lh qerclalw hlvzlrlilq$ Aj al`lh

ldl`jvjvdzl, ajl qe`lc hedehuild oeoerlwl ieqerlqurld cuoudbld ldqlrlielalld l`lh aedbld qjdbilc `liu hlduvjl$ Hjvl`dzl, qerklajdzl ouduc ajrj

lal`lc veolblj lijolq redalcdzl wedbclvj`ld, ald qjdbbj redalcdzl wedblcvj`ld

qerbldqudb ielalld l`lh$ Qlrln iehlihurld vulqu hlvzlrlilq kubl vldblq

qerbldqudb wlal ielalld l`lh aj hldl hlvzlrlilq cjauw$

(   @e W`lz#<37>(<333*

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iecjauwlddzl zljqu flrl hereil oerhlql wedflclrjld$ Cl` jdj vldblq

qerbldqudb wlal `jdbiudbld zjhol` ol`ji ldqlrl nliqmrnliqmr qehwlq, weierklld

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alwlq`lc ajieqehuild udvur(udvur zldb hedklaj alvlr laldzl

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vehul `eholbl(`eholbl wm`jqji ald vmfjl` vulqu hlvzlrlilq$

(   E$ Cudqjdbqmd Ilrzlddzl #qlcud <:<5* Fj~j`j{lqjmd lda f`jhlqe 

Hedburljild olcl hedql`jqlv hlduvjl aj qedquild m`ec nliqmr ji`jh$

o$  Hla{clo Mbldjv ald E~m`uvjmder

(   Ceroerq Vwedfer#<3?7(<:76*

Vulqu mrbldjvhe lild oerqlholc vehwurdl lwloj`l oerqlholc imhw`eiv ald

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ald jdqebrlvj zldb `eojc vehwurdl wu`l$ Veflrl E~m`uvjmder, hlil qlclw

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mrbldjvhe qerveouq lild vehlijd vehwurdl vjnlqdzl$ Aedbld aehjijld hlil

mrbldjvhe qerveouq lal irjqerjldzl zlidj imhw`eivjqlv, ajneredvjlvj, ald

jdqebrlvj$ Irjqerjl hldl lild alwlq ajqerlwild al`lh hlvzlrlilq$ E~l`ulvj

vmvjl` ald werieholdbld vmvjl` wlal alvlrdzl oerlrqj oerqlholcdzl

ajneredvjlvj ald jdqebrlvj, wedjdbilqld weholbjld ierkl, ald vulqu qrldvjvj alrj

ielalld cmhmbed ie ielalld zldb ceqermbed$

(  R$B$ Vuhher#<317(<:<7*

Vl`lc vlqu ilrzldzl Nm`ilzv$ Nm`ilzv ajhlivuaild aedbld ieojlvlld(

ieojlvlld vmfjl` zldb qjhou` veflrl qjali vlalr al`lh hlvzlrlilq,

ieojlvlld(ieojlvlld hldl hedklaj olbjld alrj qrlajvj$ Clhwjr vehul lqurld(lqurld iecjauwld vmvjl`, uwlflrlvmwld( vldqud, ievuvj`lld, ald veolbljdzl,

qerhlvui al`lh Nm`ilzv qerveouq$ Lqurld(lqurld qerveouq heruwlild

iljalc(iljalc ie`mhwmi zldb hlvjdb(hlvjdb hehwudzlj qjdbilq lqlu aerlklq

ieiulqld zldb oeroeal(oeal$ Lwloj`l iljalc(iljalc qlaj ajldbblw veaehjijld

wedqjdbdzl, hlil iljalc(iljalc qlaj ajdlhlild qlql ie`liuld #hmrev*$

Iljalc(iljalc qerveouq qjali`lc hedklaj olbjld alrj vulqu hlvzlrlilq veflrl

hedze`uruc, ald m`ec ilredl jqu vuhher hehoealild ldqlrl ie`mhwmi vedajrj

#jd(brmwuv* aedbld ie`mhwmi `ulr #muq(brmuwv*$ Wehoealld jdj ajqukuild udqui 

alwlq hehoerjild wequdkui olcl lal mrldb(mrldb zldb ajqerjhl al`lh vulqu

ie`mhwmi ald lal wu`l zldb qjali$ Wehoealld qerveouq hedjhou`ild we`olblj

hlflh ldqlbmdjvhe, werqedqldbld verql werqjiljld$

(   Ehj`e Auricejh#<355(<:<2*

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oervlhl ald ievlalrld zldb vlhl wu`l$ Hlvzlrlilq aedbld vm`jalrjqlv mrbldjv

qe`lc hehwudzlj weholbjld ierkl zldb ajqldalj aedbld aerlklq vwevjl`jvlvj

qerqedqu$

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(  Nerajdla Qmddjev#<355(<:6>*

Olbljhldl lrbl vulqu ie`mhwmi hedblalild cuoudbld aedbld vevlhldzl$

Alvlr cuoudbld qerveouq ajvlqu wjcli lal`lc nlfqmr werlvlld, vjhwlqj wrjolaj

ald iewedqjdbld oervlhl$ Aj wjcli `ljd alvlrdzl lal`lc iewedqjdbld(

iewedqjdbld rlvjmdl` ald jilqld(jilqld zldb qjali werhlded vjnlqdzl$

Oedqui(oedqui vmvjl` zldb werqlhl ajdlhlilddzl wlbuzuold #behejdvfclnq *,

vealdbild zldb ieaul lal`lc wlqeholzld #beve``vfclnq *$

f$  Hla{clo Nmrhl`

(  Bemrb Vjhhe`#<353(<:<3*

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hlvzlrlilq qerukua al`lh oedqui vuwerjmrjqlv, vuomrajdlvj ald imdn`ji$ Vehul

cuoudbld(cuoudbld vmvjl`, ie`ulrbl, lblhl, wewerldbld, weralbldbld, ie`lv(

ie`lv alwlq ajoerj ilrliqerjvqji heduruq vl`lc vlqu oedqui ajlqlv lqlu ieqjbl(

ieqjbldzl$ Heduruqdzl, vevemrldb hedklaj lrbl hlvzlrlilq udqui 

hedbl`lhj wrmvev jdaj~jaul`jvlvj ald vmvjl`jvlvj$ Qldwl hedklaj lrbl

hlvzlrlilq qli lild hudbijd vevemrldb hedbl`lhj wrmvev jdqerlivj ldqlrl

jdaj~jau aedbld ie`mhwmi$ Aedbld werilqlld `ljd, lwl zldb hehudbijdild

hlvzlrlilq oerwrmvev lal`lc olcl veqjlw mrldb hehwudzlj werldld zldb

clruv ajkl`ldilddzl$ Hlil, jdqerlivj jdaj~jau aedbld ie`mhwmi cldzl alwlq

ajhedberqj al`lh ierldbil werldld zldb aj`liuild m`ec jdaj~jau$

(   @emwm`a ~md Rjeve#<32>(<:><*

Vmvjm`mbj clruv hehuvlqild werclqjld wlal cuoudbld(cuoudbld hlduvjl qldwl

hedbljqilddzl aedbld qukuldqukuld lqlu iljalc(iljalc$ Vmvjm`mbj clruv hu`lj

aedbld wedblhlqld qerclalw werj`liu imdbirjq qerqedqu$ Lklrlddzl oervjnlq

ehwjrjv ald ajl oeruvlcl udqui hedblalild iuldqjnjilvj, qerclalw wrmvev(

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ald ielalld, zldb hlvjdb(hlvjdb alwlq ajurljild ie lal`lh udvur(udvurdzl

veflrl vjvqehlqjv$

(   L`nrea ^jerildaq#<3>2(<:56*

Vmvjm`mbj hedzmrmqj vjqulvj(vjqulvj hedql`$ Vjqulvj(vjqulvj qerveouq qli alwlq

ajldl`jvjv veflrl qervedajrj, lild qeqlwj heruwlild clvj` werj`liu zldb qjhou`

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veolblj lijolq jdqerlivj ldqlr jdaj~jau(jdaj~jau ald ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi al`lh

hlvzlrlilq$ Aedbld aehjijld, qublv vmvjm`mbj lal`lc udqui hedbldl`jvjv ald

hedblalild vjvqehlqjil qerclalw bekl`l vmvjl` aedbld kl`ld hedburljilddzl ie

al`lh oedqui(oedqui iecjauwld hedql`$ Cl` jqu alwlq ajqehuild

al`lh bekl`l(bekl`l vewerqj clrbl ajrj, werkuldbld, vjhwlqj, jhjqlvj ald `ljd

veolbljdzl$ Jqu`lc wreimdajvj vulqu hlvzlrlilq zldb cldzl alwlq oerieholdb

weduc al`lh iecjauwld ie`mhwmi lqlu al`lh hlvzlrlilq veqehwlq

#fmhhudjqz*$ M`ec ilredl jqu vmvjm`mbj clruv hehuvlqild werclqjld qerclalw

ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi vmvjl`$

a$ Hla{clo Wvjim`mbj(  Blorje` Qlrae#<316(<:71*

Ajl hehu`lj aedbld vulqu aublld lqlu wldaldbld ll` olcl bekl`l vmvjl`

hehwudzlj vjnlq wvjim`mbjv zldb qerajrj alrj jdqerlivj ldqlrl kjl(kjl jdaj~jau,

ajhldl kjl qerveouq qerajrj alrj iewerflzlld(iewerflzlld ald iejdbjdld(

iejdbjdld$ Oedqui(oedqui uqlhl alrj jdqerlivj hedql` jdaj~jau(jdaj~jau lal`lc

jhjqlvj, mwmvjvj ald lalwqlvj lqlu wedehuld olru$ Jhjqlvj verjdbil`j oerclalwld

aedbld mwmvjvj zldb heduku wlal oedqui lalwqlvj olru$ Aedbld aehjijld

hudbijd qerklaj weruolcld vmvjl` zldb ajveoloild m`ec wedehuld(wedehuld

olru$ Cl` jdj hedjhou`ild jhjqlvj, mwmvjvj wedehuld(wedehuld olru,

weruolcld(weruolcld ald veqeruvdzl$ Qlrae oeruvlcl udqui hedke`lvild

bekl`l(bekl`l vmvjl` aj al`lh ierldbil relivj(relivj wvjijv vevemrldb$

(   L`ojmd Vhl``#<351(<:?>*

Hedblalild ldl`jvjv qerclalw relivj(relivj jdaj~jau qerclalw jdaj~jau, hluwud

ie`mhwmi qerclalw ie`mhwmi `ljddzl$ Vhl`` heruwlild mrldb zldb werqlhl

hehouil aewlrqehed vmvjm`mbj wlal Udj~ervjqlv Fcjflbm, ald hederojqild

Lherjfld Kmurdl` mn Vmfjm`mbz$

(   Cmrqmd Fmm`ez#<3>1(<:?1*

Jdaj~jau ald hlvzlrlilq vl`jdb he`edbilwj,aj hldl jdaj~jau cldzl lild

hedehuild oedquidzl aj al`lh hlvzlrlilq$ Aj al`lh ilrzldzl Vmfjl`

Mrbldj{lqjmd ajl hedblholdbild imdvew ie`mhwmi uqlhl # wrjhlrz brmuw*,

zldb ajqldalj aedbld cuoudbld ldqlr wrjolaj zldb aeilq veil`j$ Al`lh

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ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi qlaj werlvlld hlduvjl lild alwlq oerieholdb aedbld

`e`ulvl$

(   @$Q$ Cmocmuve#<3>1(<:?:*

Vldblq qerqlrji wlal imdvew(imdvew weholdbudld ald weruolcld vmvjl`$ Ajl

hedm`li wederlwld wrjdvjw(wrjdvjw ojm`mbjv qerclalw vquaj hlvzlrlilq hlduvjl9

wvjim`mbj ald eqjil heruwlild irjqerjl zldb ajwer`uild udqui hedbuiur

weruolcld vmvjl`$

e$  Hl{clo Eimdmhj

(  Ilr` Hlrs #<3<3(<336*

Hlrs qe`lc hehwerbudlild heqmae(heqmae veklrlc ald nj`vlnlq udqui heholdbud vulqu qemrj qedqldb weruolcld zldb hedudkuiild werieholdbld

hlvzlrlilq heduku vulqu ielalld ajhldl lal ielaj`ld vmvjl`$

Hlduruqdzl, ve`lhl hlvzlrlilq hlvjc qerolbj lqlv ie`lvie`lv, hlil wlal ie`lv

zldb oeriulvl`lc lild qercjhwud vebl`l ieiulqld ald ieilzlld, Cuiuh,

nj`vlnlq, lblhl, ald ievedjld heruwlild ren`eivj alrj vqlquv eimdmhj ie`lv

qerveouq$ Dlhud aehjijld, cuiuh(cuiuh weruolcld oerwerldld al`lh veklrlc,

vecjdbbl ielalld qerveouq alwlq oeruolc olji he`l`uj vulqu re~m`uvj hluwud

veflrl alhlj$ Lild qeqlwj ve`lhl hlvjc lal ie`lv zldb oeriulvl, hlil

qeqlw qerklaj eivw`mjqlvj qerclalw ie`lv zldb `eojc `ehlc$ M`ec ilredl jqu ve`l`u

qjhou` werqjiljld ldqlrl ie`lv(ie`lv qerveouq, werqjiljld hldl lild oerlicjr

lwloj`l vlqu(lqu ie`lv #zljqu ie`lv wrm`eqlr* hedldb, vecjdbbl qerklaj`lc

hlvzlrlilq qldwl ie`lv$

(   Hls Reoer #<3>1(<:?7*

Vehul oedqui mrldjvlvj vmvjl` clruv ajqe`jqj heduruq werj`liu lrbldzl, zldb

hmqj~lvjdzl verlvj aedbld clrlwld lrbl(lrbl `ljddzl$ Udqui hedbeqlcuj

ald hedbbl`j cl` jdj wer`u ajbudlild heqme wedberqjld #^ervqeced*$ Qjdbilc

`liu jdaj~jau(jdaj~jau al`lh hlvzlrlilq alwlq aji`lvjnjilvjild heduruq ehwlq

qjwe jael` livj vmvjl`, zlidj;

<$  Livj zldb oerqukuld, zlidj qjdbilc `liu zldb ajqukuild udqui hedalwlqild

clvj`(clvj` zldb enjvjed$ 

?$  Livj zldb oerjvjild dj`lj zldb qe`lc ajqedquild, zldb ajlrqjild veolblj

weroulqld udqui herel`jvlvjild ald hedflwlj qukuld$ 

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6$  Livj qrlajvjmdl` zldb hedzldbiuq qjdbilc `liu zldb he`livldlild vulqu

lqurld zldb oervldivj$ 

1$  Livj zldb ehmvjmdl`, zljqu zldb hedzldbiuq werlvlld vevemrldb$ 

Lqlv alvlr cl`(cl` qerveouq ajlqlv`lc hlil qjhou` cuoudbld(cuoudbld vmvjl`

al`lh hlvzlrlilq$

n$  Hl{clo Cuiuh

(   Ehj`e Auricejh

Lklrld(lklrld Auricejh hedbbudlild oldzli wedaeilqld qerhlvui 

wedaeilqld cuiuh$ Heduruqdzl cuiuh lal`lc iljalc(iljalc zldb oervldivj

zldb oerlq rjdblddzl qerbldqudb wlal vjnlq we`ldbblrld, ldbblwld(ldbblwldverql iezlijdld hlvzlrlilq qedqldb olji(ouruidzl vulqu qjdalild$ Aj al`lh

hlvzlrlilq qeralwlq aul hlflh vldivj iljalciljalc cuiuh zljqu vldivj zldb

renrevjn #cuiuh wjaldl* ald vldivj zldb revqjquqjn #cuiuh weralql, cuiuh

albldb, cuiuh lflrl, cuiuh lahjdjvqrlvj ald cuiuh qlql deblrl veqe`lc

ajiurldbj aedbld udvur(udvur wjaldldzl*$

(   Hls Reoer 

Reoer hehwudzlj `lqlr oe`lildb wedajajild cuiuh, ajl hehwe`lklrj

wedblruc nliqmr(nliqmr wm`jqji, lblhl ald eimdmhj qerclalw werieholdbld

cuiuh$ Heduruq Reoer lal ehwlq qjwe jael` cuiuh ;

<$  Cuiuh jrlvjmdl` ald hlqerjj`, zljqu ajhldl wehoedqui udaldb(udaldb ald

clijh hedalvlrild iewuquvld(iewurquvlddzl vehlql(hlql wlal dj`lj(dj`lj

ehmvjmdl` qldwl hedudkui wlal vulqu iljalcwud$

?$  Cuiuh jrlvjmdl` ald nmrhl`, zljqu ajhldl wehoedqui udaldb(udaldb ald

clijh oerweamhld wlal iljalc(iljalc aj `ulv lil`, m`ec ilredl ajalvlrild

wlal lczu lqlu rlhl`ld$

6$  Cuiuh rlvjmdl` ald hlqerjj`, aj hldl iewuquvldiewuquvld wlrl wehoedqui 

udaldb(udaldb ald clijh hedudkui wlal vulqu ijqlo vufj, ieojklivldlld(

ieojklivlld wedbulvl ald jaem`mbj$

1$  Cuiuh rlvjmdl` ald nmrhl` zljqu aj hldl cmiuh ajoedqui vehlql(hlql lqlv

alvlr imdvew(imdvew lovqrli alrj j`hu cuiuh$

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?$1$ Heqmae(heqmae al`lh vmvjm`mbj

Qeralwlq aul heqmae, zljqu heqmae iul`jqlqjn ald heqmae iuldqjqlqjn$

(  Heqmae iul`jqlqjn hedbuqlhlild olcld zldb vuilr alwlq ajuiur aedbld ldbil(

ldblil lqlu uiurld(uiurld `ljd zldb oervjnlq eivli, l`luwud olcld(olcld

qerveouq lal aedbld dzlql al`lh hlvzlrlilq$ Al`lh heqmae iul`jqlqjn qerhlvui 

heqmae cjvqmrjv ald heqmae imhwlrlqjn$ Heqmae cjvqmrjv hedbbudlild ldl`jvjv

lqlv werjvqjl(werjvqjl al`lh hlvl vj`lh udqui hedequild wrjdvjw(wrjdvjw uhuh$

Heqmae imhwlrlqjn hehedqjdbild weroldajdbld ldqlrl oerhlflh(hlflh

hlvzlrlilq oeverql ojaldb(ojaldbdzl udqui hehwerm`ec weroealld(werolalld

ald wervlhlld(wervlhllld verql veolo(veolodzl$(  Heqmae iuldqjqlqjn hedbuqlhlild olcld(olcld ieqerldbld aedbld ldbil(ldbil,

vecjdbbl bekl`l zldb ajqe`jqj alwlq ajuiur aedbld vil`l(vil`l, jdaeiv, qlo`e,

nmrhu`l, zldb vehuldzl hedbbudlild j`hu wlvqj$

Ald aul heqmae `ljddzl zljqu;

(  Heqmae aeauiqjn; oeralvlrild cl`(cl` zldb oervjnlq uhuh iehuajld ajqlrji ie

cl`(cl` zldb `eojc icuvuv$

(  Ald heqmae jdauiqjn; oeralvlrild cl` zldb icuvuv iehuajld ajlhoj`

bederl`jvlvjdzl$

?$5$ Werieholdbld Vjvjm`mbj aj Jdamdevjl

Oerll` alrj lklrld u`ld rec zldb ajfjwqlild m`ec vrj wlauil

hldbiudebmrm J^ alrj Vurlilrql ldqlrl `ljd hedblklrild qlql cuoudbld ldqlrl

hlvzlrlilq kll zldb oerlvl` alrj bm`mdbld zldb oeroeal oldzli hedbldaudb lvwei 

vmvjm`mbj$ Iehuajld veqe`lc werldb audjl ieaul, vjvjm`mbj aj Jdamdevjl oldzli 

hedbl`lhj werieholdbld zldb wevlq, ajldqlrldzl ajiu`jlcilddzl vmvjm`mbj veolblj

j`hu wedebqlculd al`lh kuruvld weherjdqlcld al`lh debrj, cuoudbld `ulr debrj ald

wuo`jvjvqji$

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?7

?$>$ Wrmvev Vmvjl` Ald Jdqerlivj Vmvjl`

Wrmvev vmvjl` lal`lc flrl(flrl oercuoudbld zldb aj`jclq lwloj`l mrldb(

wermrldbld ald ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi vmvjl` vl`jdb oerqehu ald hededquild vjvqeh

verql oedqu(oedqui cuoudbld qerveouq lqlu lwl zldb lild qerklaj lwloj`l lal

weruolcld(weruolcld zldb hedzeoloild bmzlcdzl wm`l(wm`l iecjauwld zldb qer`lc

lal$ Wrmvev vmvjl` alwlq ajlrqjild veolblj wedblruc qjhol`e(ol`ji ldqlrl we`olblj vebj

iecjauwld oervlhl, hjvl`dzl wedblruc(hehwedblrucj ldqlrl vmvjl` aedbld wm`jqji,

wm`jqji aedbld eimdmhj, eimdmhj aedbld cuiuh, ald veqeruvdzl$ Jdqerlivj vmvjl`

heruwlild iudfj alrj vehul iecjauwld vmvjl`, ilredl qldwl jdqerilvj vmvjl` qli lild

hudbijd lal iecjauwld oervlhl$

?$2$ Jdqerlivj Vmvjl` veolblj Nliqmr Uqlhl al`lh Iecjauwld Vmvjl`

Oedqui uhuh wrmvev vmvjl` lal`lc jdqerlivj vmfjl` #zldb kubl alwlq

ajdlhlild veolblj wrmvev vmvjl`* ilredl jdqerlvj vmvjl` heruwlild vzlrlq uqlhl

qerklajdzl liqj~jqlv(liqj~jqlv vmvjl`$ Jdqerlivj vmvjl` heruwlild cuoudbld(cuoudbld

vmvjl` zldb ajdlhjv zldb hedzldbiuq cuoudbld ldqlrl mrldb(mrldb wermrldbld,

ldqlrl ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi hlduvjl, hluwud ldqlrl mrldb wermrldbld aedbld

ie`mhwmi hlduvjl$ Jdqerlivj vmvjl` ldqlrl ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi hlduvjl qerklaj

ldlqlrl ie`mhwmi qerveouq veolblj vulqu ievlquld ald ojlvldzl qjali hedzldbiuq

wrjolaj ldbbmql(ldbbmqldzl$

Al`lh ilhuv Olclvl Jdamdevjl Jddqerlivj ajajnjdjvjild veolblj cl` vl`jdb

he`l`iuild lilvj, oercuoudbld lqlu vl`jdb hehwedblrucj$ Aedbld

aehjijld jdqerlivj lal`lc cuoudbld qjhol`e ol`ji #vmfjl`* oeruwl livj vl`ljdb

hehwedblrucj ldqlrl jdaej~jau aedbld jdaj~jau, ldqlrl jdaj~jau aldie`mhwmi ald

ldqlrl ie`mhwmi aedbld aedbld ie`mhwmi$

Jdqerlivj vmvjl` ldqlrl ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi hlduvjl qerklaj wu`l aj al`lh

hlvzlrlilq$ Jdqerlivj qerveouq `eojc hedfm`mi ieqjil qerklaj oedqurld ldqlrl

iewedqjdbld wermrldbld aedbld iewedqjdbld ie`mhwmi$ Jdqerlivj vmvjl` cldzl

oer`ldbvudb ldqlrl wjcli(wjcli lwloj`l qerklaj relivj qerclalw aul oe`lc wjcli$

Jdqerlivj vmvjl` qli lild hudbijd qerlaj lwloj`l hlduvjl hedblalild cuoudbld zldb

`ldbvudb aedbld vevulqu zldb vlhl veil`j qjali oerwedblruc qerclalw vjvqeh

vzlrlndzl, veolblj lijolq cuoudbld qerhlivua$

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Oer`ldbvudbdzl vulqu wrmvev jdqerlivj ajalvlrild wlal we`olblj nliqmr ;

(  Jhjqlvj

Jhjqlvj lal`lc wehoedquild dj`lj he`l`uj aedbld hedjru flrl( flrl mrldb `ljd$

Fmdqmc ; Vemrldb ldli verjdb il`j hedjru ieojlvld ‖ ieojlvld mrldb quldzl $

(  Vubevqj

Lal`lc vulqu jae zldb ajalvlrj m`ec iewerflzlld ajrj, jdjvjlqjn, lqlv alvlr j`clh,

ebmvedqrjv, lqlu llvld wedbeqlculd, iehuajld ajqerjhl m`ec wjcli `ljd olji 

veflrl mqmrjqer lqluwud ilredl oerjoll ald oerwedblruc$

(  Jaedqjnjilvj

Jaedqjnjilvj lal`lc hedjruild ajrjdzl hedklaj vlhl aedbld mrldb zldb ajqjrudzl$Fmdqmc ; Vemrldb ldli `lij  ‖  `lij zldb oebjqu aeilq ald lirlo aedbld lzlcdzl

vuil hedbjaedqjnjilvjild ajrjdzl hedklaj vlhl aedbld lzlcdzl$

(  Vjhwlqj

Lal`lc rlvl qerqlrji vevemrldb qerclalw mrldb `ljd, cl` qerveouq ajalvlrj m`ec

wedbcmrhlqld ilredl hehwudzlj ie`eojcld, iehlhwuld, zldb wlquq ajklajild

fmdqmc$ _lvl vjhwlqj ie`ulr aedbld vedajrjdzl qldwl laldzl wlivlld, iehuajld

qjhou` rlvl udqui hehlclhj wjcli `ljd ald iejdbjdld udqui oeierklvlhl$

?$3$ Vzlrlq(vzlrlq Qerklajdzl Jdqerlivj Vmvjl` 

Jdqerlivj vmvjl` heruwlild cuoudbld vmvjl` zldb ajdlhjv, hedzldbiuq

cuoudbld ldqlrl jdaj~jau, ldqlrl ie`mhwmi hluwud ldqlrl jdaj~jau aedbld

ie`mhwmi$ Aul vzlrlq qerklajdzl jdqerlivj vmvjl` ;

<$  Laldzl imdqli vmvjl` #vmfjl` fmdqlfq *

zldb alwlq oer`ldbvudb al`lh qjbl oedqui, zljqu ldqlr jdaj~jau, ldqlr jdaj~jau

aedbld ie`mhwmi, ldqlr ie`mhwmi$ Ve`ljd jqu, vulqu imdqli alwlq wu`l oervjnlq

`ldbvudb hluwud qjali `ldbvudb$

?$  Laldzl Imhudjilvj

zljqu vevemrldb hehoerj lrqj wlal werj`liu mrldb `ljd, werlvlld(werlvlld lwl zldb

jdbjd ajvlhwljild m`ec mrldb qerveouq$ Mrldb zldb oervldbiuqld iehuajld

hehoerj relivj qerclalw werlvlld zldb jdbjd ajvlhwljild m`ec mrldb qerveouq$

Ilql imdqli oerlvl` alrj olclvl @lqjd fmd lqlu fuh #lrqjdzl oervlhl(vlhl*

ald qldbm #zldb lrqjdzl hedzedquc*$ Lrqj veflrl cldlnjlc lal`lc oervlhl(vlhl

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hedzedquc$ Veflrl njvji, imdqli olru qerklaj lwloj`l qerklajdzl cuoudbld olaldjlc$

Veolblj bekl`l vemvjl` jqu qjali wer`u oerlrqj vulqu cuoudbld olaldjlc, ilredl aelvl

jdj aedbld laldzl werieholdbld qeidm`mbj, mrldb alwlq hedzedquc oerolblj wjcli 

qldwl hedzedqucdzl$ Alwlq ajilqlild olcl cuoudbld olaldjlc ouild`lc vzlrlq

udqui qerklajdzl vulqu imdqli$ Imdqli vmvjl` alwlq oer`ldbvudb al`lh qjbl oedqui,

zljqu veolblj oerjiuq,

<$  Ldqlrl mrldb(wermrldbld

Imdqli vmvjl` jdj lal`lc lwloj`l ldli iefj` hehwe`lklrj ieojlvlld( ieojlvlld

al`lh ie`ulrbldzl$ Wrmvev aehjijld qerklaj he`l`uj vmvjl`jvlvj, zljqu vulqu wrmvev

ajhldl ldbbmql hlvzlrlilq zldb olru hehwe`lklrj dmrhl(dmrhl ald dj`lj(dj`ljhlvzlrlilq ajhldl ajl hedklaj ldbbmql$

?$  Ldqlrl mrldb(wermrldbld aedbld vulqu ie`mhwmi hlduvjl lqlu veol`jidzl

Imdqli vmvjl` jdj hjvl`dzl lal`lc lwloj`l vevemrldb herlvlild olcl qjdalild(

qjdalilddzl oer`lldld aedbld dmrhl(dmrhl hlvzlrlilq lqlu lwloj`l vulqu

wlrqlj wm`jqji hehilvl ldbbmql(ldbbmqldzl udqui hedzevuljild ajrj aedbld

jaem`mbj ald wrmbrlhdzl$

6$  Ldqlrl vulqu ie`mhwmi hlduvjl aedbld ie`mhwmi hlduvjl `ljddzl

Uhwlhldzl lal`lc aul wlrqlj wm`jqji hedblalild ierkl vlhl udqui hedbl`lcild

wlrwm` zldb ieqjbl aj wehj`jcld uhuh$

Qerklajdzl vulqu imdqli qjali`lc vehlql(hlql qerbldqudb alrj qjdalild,

qeqlwj kubl qldbblwld qerclalw qjdalild qerveouq$ Imdqli vmvjl` zldb oervjnlq wmvjqjn 

hedblrlc wlal vulqu ierkl vlhl, vedbldbild zldb oervjnlq deblqjn hedblrlc wlal

vulqu werqedqldbld lqlu olcild vlhl vel`j qjali hedbclvj`ild vulqu jdqerlivj vmvjl`$

Vulqu imdqli alwlq oervjnlq wrjher lqlu veiudaer$ Imdqli werjher qerklaj

lwloj`l zldb hedblalild cuoudbld `ldbvudb oerqehu ald oerclalwld huil$ Imdqli 

veiudaer heher`uild vulqu werldqlrl$ Veiudaer alwlq aj`liuild veflrl `ldbvudb$

Cuoudbld(cuoudbld zldb veiudaer qerveouq alwlq aj`liuild he`l`uj l`lq(l`lq

qe`ewmd, qe`ebrln, rlajm, ald veqeruvdzl$

Lrqj qerwedqjdb imhudjilvj lal`lc olcl vevemrldb hehoerjild qlnvjrld

wlal werj`liu mrldb `ljd #zldb oerukua wehojflrlld, berl(berli olaldjlc lqlu

vjilw*, werlvlld(werlvlld lwl zldb jdbjd ajvlhwljild m`ec mrldb qerveouq$ Mrldb

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zldb oervldbiuqld iehuajld hehoerjild relivj qerclalw werlvlld zldb jdbjd

ajvlhwljild m`ec mrldb `ljd qerveouq$

Aedbld laldzl imhudjilvj qerveouq, vjilw(vjilw ald werlvlld vulqu

ie`mhwmi hlduvjl lqlu wervemrldbld alwlq ajieqlcuj m`ec ie`mhwmi `ljd lqlu mrldb

`ljddzl$ Cl` jqu iehuajld heruwlild olcld udqui hededquild relivj lwl zldb

aj`liuilddzl$

?$:$ Iecjauwld zldb Qerlvjdb

Wedqjdbdzl imdqli ald imhudjilvj olbj qerukuadzl jdqerlivj vmvjl` alwlq

ajukj qerclalw vulqu iecjauwld zldb qerlvjdb #jvm`lqjmd*$ Iecjaulwld qerlvjdb zldbvehwurdl ajqldalj aedbld ieqjalihlhwuld udqui hedblalild jdqerlivj vmvjl`

aedbld wjcli(wjcli `ljd$ Iecjauwld qerlvjdb alwlq ajveolold ilredl veflrl olaldjlc

vevemrldb vlhl veil`j ajlvjdbild alrj cuoudbld aedbld mrldb(mrldb `ljddul$

Wlalcl` werieholdbld kjl vevemrlb oldzli ajqedquld m`ec werblu`lddzl aedbld

mrldb `ljd$

Iecjauwld qerlvjdb alwlq ajveoloild ilredl veflrl olaldjlc vevemrldb

vlhl veil`j ajlvjdbild alrj cuoudbld aedbld mrldb(mrldb `ljddzl$ Qerlvjdbdzl

vevemrldb alwlq wu`l ajveoloild m`ec ilredl flflq wlal vl`lq(vlqu jdarldzl$ Alrj

oeoerlwl clvj` wede`jqjld, qerdzlql olcl iewrjolajld mrldb(mrldb hedbl`lhj oldzli 

wedaerjqlld lijolq iecjauwld zldb qerlvjdb ilredl flflq jdarl jqu$ Mrldb(mrldb flflq

qerveouq lild hedbl`lhj werlvlld redalc ajrj, ilredl iehudbijdld(iehudbijdld

udqui hedbeholdbild iewrjolajlddzl vem`lc(m`lc qercl`ldb ald olcild verjdb il`j

qerququw vlhl veil`j$

Wlal hlvzlrlilq oerilvql, ajhldl berli vmvjl` ~erqjil` clhwjr qli qerklaj,

qerlvjdbdzl vevemrldb alrj ilvql qerqedqu #ojlvldzl lrbl ilvql redalcld*, lwloj`l

oerlal aj il`ldbld ilvql `ljddzl #ilvql zldb qerqjdbbj*, alwlq wu`l qerklaj$

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6$7$ Oedqui(oedqui Jdqerlivj Vmvjl`

Oedqui(oedqui jdqerlivj vmvjl` alwlq oeruwl ierkl vlhl #fmmwerlqjmd*,

wervljdbld #fmhweqjqjmd*, ald olcild alwlq kubl oeroedqui werqedqldbld lqlu

werqjiljld #fmdn`jfq*$ Werqjiljld hudbijd lild hedalwlqild vulqu wedze`evljld,

dlhud wedze`evljld qerveouq cldzl lild alwlq ajqerjhl udqui vehedqlrl liqu, zldb

ajdlhlild limhmalvj$ Jdj oerlrqj ieaul oe`lc wjcli oe`uh qedqu wulv vewedudzl$

Vulqu ielalld alwlq ajldbblw veolblj oedqui ieehwlq alrj jdqerlivj vmvjl`$ Ieehwlq

oedqui wmim alrj jdqerlivj vmvjl` qerveouq qjali wer`u heruwlild vulqu imdqjdujqlv, aj

al`lh lrqj olcl jdqerlivj jqu ajhu`lj aedbld ierkl vlhl zldb iehuajld hedklaj

wervljdbld verql hehudfli hedklaj werqjiljld udqui licjrdzl vlhwlj wlallimhmalvj$ Bj``jd ald Bj``jd hedblalild wedbbm`mdbld zldb `eojc `ulv `lbj$

Heduruq hereil, lal aul hlflh wrmvev vmvjl` zldb qjhou` veolblj lijolq laldzl

jdqerlivj vmvjl` ;

<$  Wrmvev(wrmvev zldb Lvmvjlqjn 

l$  Ierkl Vlhl #Fmmwerlqjmd*

Vulqu uvlcl oervlhl ldqlrl mrldb wermrldbld lqlu ie`mhwmi hlduvjl

udqui hedflwlj vulqu lqlu oeoerlwl qukuld oervlhl$ Oedqui ierkl vlhl

qerveouq oerieholdb lwloj`l mrldb alwlq ajberlild udqui hedflwlj vulqu

qukuld oervlhl ald clruv lal ievlalrld olcl qukuld qerveouq aj iehuajld clrj

hehwudzlj hldnllq olbj vehul$ Kubl clruv lal ji`jh zldb hedzedldbild

al`lh weholbjld ierkl verql ol`lv klvl zldb lild ajqerjhl$ Al`lh

werieholdbld ve`ldkuqdzl, ielc`jld(ielc`jld qerqedqu ajwer`uild olbj hereil

zldb oeierkl vlhl vuwlzl redfldl ierkl vlhldzl alwlq qer`livldl aedbld olji$

Ierkl vlhl qjhou` ilredl mrjedqlvj mrldb(wermrldbld qerclalw ie`mhwmidzl

#zljqu jd(brmuw(dzl* ald ie`mhwmi `ljdzl #zldb heruwlild muq(brmuw(dzl*$

Ierkl vlhl lild oerqlholc iulq kjil lal cl`(cl` zldb hedzjdbbudb

ldbbmql-wermrldbld `ljddzl$

Nudbvj Ierklvlhl ajblholrild m`ec Fclr`ev C$Fmm`ez veolblj oerjiuq

‘ierklvlhl qjhou` lwloj`l mrldb hedzlalrj olcl hereil hehwudzlj

iewedqjdbld(iewedqjdbld zldb vlhl ald wlal vllq zldb oervlhlld

hehwudzlj fuiuw wedbeqlculd ald wedbedal`jld qerclalw ajrj vedajrj udqui 

heheducj iewedqjdbld(iewedqjdbld qerveouq9 ievlalrld lild laldzl

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iewedqjdbld(iewedqjdbld zldb vlhl ald laldzl mrbldjvlvj heruwlild nliql(

 nliql wedqjdb al`lh ierklvlhl zldb oerbudl‘ 

Al`lh qemrj(qemrj vmvjm`mbj alwlq ajkuhwlj oeoerlwl oedqui ierklvlhl zldb

ojlvl ajoerj dlhl ierkl vlhl #fmmwerlqjmd*$ Ierklvlhl qerveouq `eojc `ldkuq

ajoealild `lbj aedbld ;

(  Ierklvlhl Vwmdqld #Vwmdqldemuv Fmmwerlqjmd*; Ierklvlhl zldb verqlherql

(  Ierklvlhl @ldbvudb # Ajrefqea Fmmwerlqjmd*; Ierklvlhl zldb heruwlild

clvj` werjdqlc lqlvld lqlu wedbulvl

(  Ierklvlhl Imdqrli #Fmdqrlfqul` Fmmwerlqjmd*; Ierklvlhl lqlv alvlr

qerqedqu(  Ierklvlhl Qrlajvjmdl` #Qrlajqjmdl` Fmmwerlqjmd*; Ierklvlhl veolblj olbjld

lqlu udvur alrj vjvqeh vmvjl`$

Lal `jhl oedqui ierklvlhl, zljqu veolblj oerjiuq;

<$  Ieruiudld zldb hedfliuw bmqmdb(rmzmdb ald qm`mdb(hedm`mdb$

?$  Olrbljdjdb, zljqu we`livldl werkldkjld hedbedlj werquilrld olrldb(olrldb

ald klvl(klvl ldqlrl aul mrbldjvlvj lqlu `eojc$

6$  Immwqlvj #fmmwqlqjmd*, zlidj vulqu wrmvev wederjhlld udvur(udvur olru

al`lh iewehjhwjdld lqlu we`livldlld wm`jqji al`lh vulqu mrbldjvlvj

veolblj vl`lc vlqu flrl udqui hedbcjdalrj qerklajdzl iebmdfldbld al`lh

vqloj`jqlv mrbldjvlvj zldb oervldbiuqld$

1$  Iml`jvj #fml`jqjmd*, zlidj imhojdlvj ldqlrl aul mrbldjvlvj lqlu `eojc zldb

hehwudzlj qukuld(qukuld zldb vlhl$ Iml`jvj alwlq hedbclvj`ild ielalld

zldb qjali vqloj` udqui vehedqlrl liqu ilredl aul mrbldjvlvj lqlu `eojc

qerveouq iehudbijdld hehwudzlj vqruiqur zldb qjali vlhl ldqlrl vlqu

aedbld `ljddzl$ Lild qeqlwj, ilredlhlivua uqlhl lal`lc udqui hedflwlq

vlqu lqlu oeoerlwl qukuld oervlhl, hlil vjnlqddzl lal`lc immwerlqjn$

5$  Kmjdq ~edqure, zljqu ierklvlhl al`lh wedbuvlclld wrmzei(wrmzei qerqedqu,

hjvl`dzl wedbeomrld hjdzli, werqlholdbld olquolrl, wernj`hld,

wercmqe`ld, ald veqeruvdzl$

o$  Limhmalvj # Lffmhmalqjmd* 

Jvqj`lc Limhmalvj ajwerbudlild al`lh aul lrqj ; hedudkui wlal vulqu

ielalld ald udqui hedukui wlal vulqu wrmvev$ Limhmalvj hedudkui wlal

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ielalld, laldzl vulqu ievejholdbld al`lh jdqerlivj ldqlrl mrldb(wermrldbld

lqlu ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi hlduvjl al`lh iljqlddzl aedbld dmrhl(dmrhl vmvjl`

ald dj`lj(dj`lj vmvjl` zldb oer`liu al`lh hlvzlrlilq$ Veolblj vulqu wrmvev

limhmalvj hedudkui wlal uvlcl(uvlcl hlduvjl udqui herealild vulqu

werqedqldbld zljqu uvlcl(uvlcl hlduvjl udqui hedflwlj ievqloj`ld$

Heduruq Bj``jd ald Bj``jd, limhmalvj lal`lc vulqu werdberqjld zldb

ajbudlild m`ec wlrl vmvjm`mb udqui hedbblholrild vulqu wrmvev al`lh

cuoudbld(cuoudbld vmvjl` zldb vlhl lrqjdzl aedbld lalwqlvj al`lh ojm`mbj$

Hlivuadzl, veolblj vulqu wrmvev ajhldl mrldb lqlu ie`mhwmi hlduvjl zldb

hu`ldzl vl`jdb oerqedqldbld, hedblalild wedzevuljld ajrj udqui hedblqlvjieqebldbld(ieqebldbld$ Limhmalvj heruwlild vulqu flrl udqui 

hedze`evljild werqedqldbld qldwl hedbcldfurild wjcli `lld vecjdbbl `lld

qjali iecj`ldbld iewrjolajlddzl$

Qukuld Limhmalvj alwlq oeroeal(oeal vevulj aedbld vjqulvj zldb

ajclalwjdzl, zljqu;

<$  Udqui hedburldbj werqedqldbld ldqlrl mrldb lqlu ie`mhwmi hlduvjl

veolblj lijolq weroealld wlclh$ Limhmalvj aj vjdj oerqukuld udqui 

hedbclvj`ild vulqu vjdqevl ldqlrl ieaul wedalwlq qerveouq, lblr

hedbclvj`ild vulqu wm`l zldb olru$

?$  Hedfeblc he`ealidzl vulqu werqedqldbld udqui vehedqlrl liqu lqlu

veflrl qehwmrer$

6$  Hehudbijdild qerklajdzl ierklvlhl ldqlrl ie`mhwmi vmvjl` zldb cjauwdzl

qerwjvlc lijolq nliqmr(nliqmr vmvjl` wvjim`mbjv ald ieoualzlld, vewerqj zldb

ajkuhwlj wlal hlvzlrlilq zldb hedbedl` vjvqeh oerilvql$

1$  Hedbuvlclild we`eourld ldqlrl ie`mhwmi vmvjl` zldb qerwjvlc, hjvl`dzl

`elq weriljdld flhwurld lqlu lvjhj`lvj al`lh lrqj `ulv$

Limhmalvj veolblj vulqu wrmvev hehwudzlj oeoerlwl oedqui, zljqu veolblj

oerjiuq;

l$  Fmerfjmd #wedbbudlld wlivlld lqlu ieierlvld* ,

Lal`lc  vulqu oedqui limhmalvj zldb wrmvevdzl aj`livldlild m`ec ilredl

laldzl wlivlld$

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o$  Fmhwrmhjve #imhwrmhj* ,

Lal`lc vulqu  oedqui limhmalvj ajhldl wjcli(wjcli zldb qer`jolq vl`jdb

hedburldbj qudquqlddzl lblr qerflwlj vulqu wedze`evljld qerclalw

werve`jvjcld zldb lal$

f$  Lrorjqlqjmd #werlvjqld* ,

Lal`lc vulqu flrl udqui hedflwlj fmhwrmhjve lwloj`l wjcli(wjcli zldb

oerclalwld qjali vldbbuw hedflwljdzl vedajrj$

a$  Heajlqjmd #heajlvj*

Wedze`evljld vedbieql zldb hedzeruwlj lrorjqlqjmd, qeqlwj wjcli ieqjbl

cldzl veolblj werldqlrl ald qjali hehwudzlj ieedldbld hedblhoj`wrlilrvl$

e$  Fmdfj`jlqjmd #imdvj`jlvj*,

Vulqu uvlcl udqui hehwerqehuild iejdbjdld(iejdbjdld alrj wjcli(wjcli 

zldb oerve`jvjc aehj qerflwljdzl vulqu wervequkuld oervlhl$

n$  Qm`erlqjmd #qm`erldvj* ,

Heruwlild oedqui limhmalvj qldwl wervequkuld zldb nmrhl` oedquidzl$

b$  Vql`ehlqe, vulqu limhmalvj ajhldl wjcli(wjcli zldb oerqedqldbld ilredl

hehwudzlj ieiulqld zldb vejholdb oercedqj wlal vlqu qjqji qerqedqu al`lh

he`liuild werqedqldblddzl$

c$  Lakuajflqjmd, Wedze`evljld werilrl lqlu vedbieql aj wedblaj`ld$

Clvj`(clvj` Limhmalvj lal`lc veolblj oerjiuq;

l$  Limhmalvj ald Jdqerbrlvj Hlvzlrlilq 

Limhmalvj ald jdqerbrlvj hlvzlrlilq qe`lc oeroulq oldzli udqui 

hedbcjdalrild hlvzlrlilq alrj oedjc(oedjc werqedqldbld `lqed zldb lild

he`lcjrild werqedqldbld olru$

o$  Hedeildild Mwmvjvj

Verjdb il`j vulqu wervljdbld aj`livldlild aehj ieudqudbld vulqu ie`mhwmi 

qerqedqu ald ierubjld olbj wjcli ̀ ljd$

f$  Immrajdlvj oerolblj iewrjolajld zldb oeroeal

Cl` jdj qlhwli aedbld ke`lv lwloj`l aul mrldb, hjvl`dzl oervljdb udqui 

hedauauij klolqld wjhwjdld vulqu wlrqlj wm`jqji$

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a$  Weruolcld `eholbl iehlvzlrlilqld lblr vevulj aedbld ielalld olru lqlu

ielalld zldb oeruolc

e$  Weruolcld(weruolcld al`lh ieauauild

Limhmalvj hedjhou`ild wedeqlwld olru qerclalw ieauauild mrldb(

wermrldbld ald ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi hlduvjl$ Werqedqldbld qe`lc

hedzeoloild ieauauild(ieauauild qerveouq bmzlc ald limhmalvj lild

hedbuiucild iehol`j ieauauild(ieauauild qerveouq$

 n$   Limhmalvj hehouil kl`ld ie lrlc lvjhj`lvj

Aedbld laldzl wrmvev lvjhj`lvj, wlrl wjcli `eojc vl`jdb hedbedl` ald

aedbld qjhou`dzl oedjc(oedjc qm`erldvj hereil `eojc hualc udqui vl`jdbhedaeilqj$

Lvjhj`lvj # Lvvjhj`lqjmd*

Lvjhj`lvj heruwlild wrmvev vmvjl` al`lh qlrln `ldkuq$ Jl ajqldalj aedbld

laldzl uvlcl(uvlcl hedburldbj weroealld(weroealld zldb qeralwlq ldqlrl

mrldb(wermrldbld lqlu ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi hlduvjl ald kubl he`jwuqj uvlcl(

uvlcl udqui hehwerqjdbbj ievlquld qjdali, vjilw, ald wrmvev(wrmvev hedql`

aedbld heherclqjild iewedqjdbld ald qukuld oervlhl$ Wrmvev Lvjhj`lvj qjhou`

oj`l lal ;

<$  ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi hlduvjl zldb oeroeal ieoualzllddzl9

?$  mrldb(wermrldbld veolblj lrbl ie`mhwmi qlaj vl`jdb oerblu` veflrl

`ldbvudb ald jdqedvjn udqui liqu zldb `lhl vecjdbbl9

6$  ieoualzlld(ieoualzlld alrj ie`mhwmi(ie`mhwmi hlduvjl qerveouq hlvjdb(

hlvjdb oeruolc ald vl`jdb hedzevuljild ajrj$

Oeoerlwl oedqui jdqerlivj vmvjl` zldb hehoerj lrlc ie vulqu wrmvev lvjhj`lvj

#jdqerlivj zldb lvjhj`lqjn* oj`l hehj`jj vzlrlq(vzlrlq oerjiuq jdj;

<$  Jdqerlivj vmvjl` qerveouq oervjnlq vulqu wedaeilqld qerclalw wjcli `ljd,

ajhldl wjcli zldb `ljd qlaj kubl oer`liu vlhl$

?$  Jdqerlivj vmvjl` qerveouq qjali hedbl`lhj cl`ldbld(cl`ldbld lqlu

weholqlvld(weholqlvld

6$ 

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