Makalah Elektro - Sistem Keamanan Pada Jaringan Zigbee

8/14/2019 Makalah Elektro - Sistem Keamanan Pada Jaringan Zigbee

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]~dar H~`fac

NB*4717 Hnajakak Rfr}nj @ake~}

Rfr}nj Hnajakak wama EayfkdakUfdinn

Tatak929721=1

E~y~rak ]nhko`odf FkloyjarfMnway}njnk ]nhkfh N`nh}yoFkr}f}~} ]nhko`odf Iakm~kd



Mal}ay FrfCaàjak

Mal}ay Frf +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ fMal}ay Dajiay mak ]ain` ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ff

Air}yah ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ fff

F+ Wnkmac~`~ak ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1F+1+ @a}ay Inàhakd ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1F+9+ ]~e~ak ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1F+2+ @fkdh~w Jaraàc +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9

FF+ Ufdinn+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9

FF+1 Ayrf}nh}fy Ufdinn ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9FF+9 @awfrak Wfrfh #WCV& +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2FF+2 @awfrak Jnmfa Abbnrr Bok}yo` +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =FF+=+ @awfrak Eayfkdak #KTH @avny & ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >FF+>+ @awfrak Aw`fharf +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ <

FFF+ Am|akbnm Nkbyvw}fok R}akmaym #ANR& +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ <FFF+1 Wnkdd~kaak ANR wama Ufdinn ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ <FFF+9+A`doyf}ja ANR +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4

F\+ Rfr}nj Hnajakak wama Ufdinn ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6

F\+1+ Maray @avakak Hnajakak wama Ufdinn ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 17F\+1+1+ Hok}yo` Ahrnr #abbnrr bok}yo`& mak Fk}ndyf}ar Wnrak

#jnrradn fk}ndyf}v& ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 17F\+1+9+ Hnyacarfaak #boklfmnk}fa`f}v& +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 11F\+1+2+ Wny`fkm~kdak Wnkd~àkdak Wnrak #ynwàv wyo}nb}fok& +++++++++ + 19

F\+9 Wyo}oho` Ufdinn ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 19F\+9+1+ R}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 19F\+9+9+ Hnajakak wama Jnmfa Abbnrr Bok}yo` ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 12

F\+9+9+1 Ha}ndoyf Yakdhafak Hnajakak +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 14A+ K~`` ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 14I+ ANR*B]Y ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 13

B+ ANR*BIB*JAB +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 16M+ ANR*BBJ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 16

F\+2+ Jomn` Wnkd~kbfak #Hnvfkd Jomn`& ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 97F\+2+1+ Wnkd~kbfak Eayfkdak inyiadf #Kn}toyh rcaynm hnvfkd&+++++++ 97 F\+2+9+ Wafytfrn hnvfkd ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 91F\+2+2+ Dy~w Hnvfkd ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 91F\+2+=+ Wnkmnha}ak Dai~kdak #Cviyfm awwyoabcnr& +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 91

F\+= Fjw`njnk}arf ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 99

\+ Wnk~}~w +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 99Mal}ay W~r}aha ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 92

f



Mal}ay Dajiay mak ]ain`Caàjak

Mal}ay Dajiay

Dajiay 1+ Ayrf}nh}~y Ufdinn ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2Dajiay 9+ ]owoòdf Eayfkdak wama Ufdinn mnkdak YLM mak LLM +++++++++++++ <Dajiay 2+ Wyornr Nkhyfwrf +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4Dajiay =+ Loyja} Wahn} Ma}a mak Abhkot`nmdjnk} +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1>Dajiay >+ Loyja} Lfn`m Ma}a +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1>Dajiay <+ Loyja} mayf jar~hak AB@ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1<Dajiay 4+ Loyja} jar~hak # sf& ~k}~h bcfwny iòh wama yakdhafak

ANR*B]Y mak ANR*BBJ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 16

Mal}ay ]ain`

]ain` 1+ @niay Lynhtnkrf mak Hnbnwa}ak Ma}a wama Ufdinn ++++++++++++++++++++++ =]ain` 9+ Wrn~mo Bomn Wyornr Nkhyfwrf ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3]ain` 2+ Wrn~mo Bomn Wyornr Mnhyfwrf +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6]ain` =+ Yakdhafak Hnajakak vakd mfm~h~kd o`nc

R}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1=

ff



Air}yah

Wnjahafak lynhtnkrf wama hfrayak }akwa `frnkrf in`~j wow~`ny

hc~r~rkva mf Fkmoknrfa, inyinma mnkdak kndaya*kndaya rnwny}f Ajnyfha Rnyfha},

Nyowa mak Enwakd vakd rakda} dnkbay jnkdnjiakdhak lynhtnkrf }akwa `frnkrf

fkf ~k}~h wnkdnjiakdak wnyakdha}*wnyakdha} fkm~r}yf, hojnyrfa` mak y~jac

}akdda+

^k}~h jnkdn}ac~f ufdinn rnbaya ~j~j, maàj }~`frak fkf mf~yafhak

}nk}akd ayrf}nh}~y ufdinn r}akmay vakd }nàc mf}n}awhak o`nc FNNN+ 37>+1>+= mak

Ufdinn a``fakbn #a`fakrf wny~racaak wnkdnjiakd ufdinn& vakd jn`fw~}f àwfrak

lfrfh, àwfrak eayfkdak mak àwfrak aw`fharf+

Rnmakdhak ~k}~h hnajakak eayfkdak wama ufdinn vakd ahak mfiacar wama àwfrak

àwfrak lfrfhkva #JAB(WCV& raea+

Wnjiacarak vakd yfkbf }nk}akd hnajakak ufdinn jn`fw~}f hnajakak wama

àwfrak Jnmfa Abbnrr Bok}yo` mnkdak jnkdd~kahak a`doyf}ja fk}f hyfw}odyalf mayf

ANR vakd mf maàjkva jnkvnmfahak wf`fcak yakdhafak hnajakak ak}aya àfk 5

K~``, ANR*B]Y, ANR*BIB*JAB*193, ANR*BIB*JAB*<=, ANR*BIB*JAB*29,

ANR*BBJ*193, ANR*BBJ*<= mak ANR*BBJ*29 rny}a jnkvnmfahak àvakak

hnjakak ak}aya àfk hok}yo` ahrnr #abbnrr bok}yo`&, fk}ndyf}ar wnrak #jnrradn

fk}ndyf}v&, hnyacarfaak wnrak #jnrradn boklfmnk}fa`f}v&, mak wny`fkm~kdak

wnkd~àkdak wnrak #ynwàv wyo}nb}fok&+

Ha}a h~kbf5 Ufdinn A``fakbn , ANR, BIB, BBJ mak B]Y

fff



F+ Wnkmac~`~ak

F+1+ @a}ay Inàhakd

Ufdinn jnkdaàjf wnyhnjiakdak vakd b~h~w wnra} fkf }nyi~h}f mayf

iakvahkva ay}fhn` ifrkfr jfkdd~ak }nk}akd ufdinn, mak rniakvah 977 oyakd

}nàc fh~} jnkmal}ayhak mfyf wama Ownk Co~rn Jayhn}fkd Wynrnk}a}fok mf Rna}}`n

mak rnhf}ay =27 oyakd }nàc fh~} jnkmal}ayhak mfyf wama Ownk Co~rn Jayhn}fkd

Wynrnk}a}fok mf Tnifkay mayf =9> oyakd vakd mf cayawhak camfy X11Z+

Wnjahafak lynhtnkrf wama hfrayak }akwa `frnkrf in`~j wow~`ny

hc~r~rkva mf Fkmoknrfa, inyinma mnkdak kndaya*kndaya rnwny}f Ajnyfha Rnyfha},Nyowa mak Enwakd vakd rakda} dnkbay jnkdnjiakdhak lynhtnkrf }akwa `frnkrf

fkf ~k}~h wnkdnjiakdak wnyakdha}*wnyakdha} fkm~r}yf, hojnyrfa` mak y~jac

}akdda+ Mnkdak mnjfhfak jny~wahak ca` vakd wnk}fkd ~k}~h jnkdn}ac~f

}nk}akd }nhkoòdf mak rfr}nj hnajakak eayfkdak wama ufdinn+

Aà}*aà} n`nh}yokfh y~jac }akdda, jafkak akah, wnyabakdak wnkvahàyak

àjw~ y~jac }akdda, rfr}nj hnajakak wama y~jac mak wnyakdha}*wnyakdha}

~k}~h wnyroka` hojw~}ny rnwny}f hnvioaym, jo~rn jny~wahak bok}oc wnkdd~kaak

}nhkoòdf ufdinn+

^k}~h jnkdn}ac~f ufdinn rnbaya ~j~j, maàj }~`frak fkf mf~yafhak

}nk}akd r}akmay ayrf}nh}~y ufdinn vakd }nàc mf}n}awhak o`nc r}akmay FNNN

37>+1>+= mak Ufdinn a``fakbn vakd jn`fw~}f àwfrak lfrfh, àwfrak eayfkdak mak

àwfrak aw`fharf+

Rnmakdhak ~k}~h hnjaakak eayfkdak wama ufdinn vakd ahak mfiacar wama

}~`frak fkf cakva hnajakak wama àwfrak lfrfhkva raea+ Mfjaka ~k}~h hnajakak

àwfrak lfrfh fkf jnkdd~kahak a`doyf}ja fk}f hyfw}odyalf ANR 193 if}+

F+9+ ]~e~ak

Inymarayhak à}ay inàhakd mf a}ar }~`frak }~dar ahcfy NB4717 fkf

iny}~e~ak ~k}~h jnjwnàeayf hnajakak eayfkdak wama ufdinn mnkdak

wnkdd~kaak ANR 193 if} mak rfr}nj hnajakak wama àwfrak Jnmfa Abbnrr

1



Bok}yo`+ Amaw~k }~e~ak vakd `nifc yfkbf mayf wnk~`frak }~dar fkf amaàc rniadaf

inyfh~}+

a& Jnkdn}ac~f rnea~c jaka ayr}nh~}y ufdinn vakd mfhnjiakdhak o`nc r}akmay

FNNN 37>+1>+= mak ufdinn a``fnkbn+

i& Jnjinyfhak wny}fjiakdak*wny}fjiakdak hnajakak ~k}~h ufdinn vakd

jn`fw~}f 5 wnknyawak wyo}oho` ufdinn, Am|akbn Nkbyfw}fok R}akmay #ANR&,

hnajakak wama àwfrak jnmfa abbnr bok}yo`, jomn` wnkd~kbfak #hnvfkd jomn`&,

mak fjw`njnk}arf hnajakak lfrfh ufdinn+

F+2+ @fkdh~w Jaraàc

Jaraàc hnajakak wama rfr}nj ufdinn mawa} mfwakmakd ynà}fl `~ar mak

y~jf}+ Maàj }~`frak }~dar N@4717 fkf vakd mfàh~hak cakva r}~mf wnkdajakak

vakd `nifc jnknhakhak wama wyo}oho` ufdinn ~k}~h r}akmay FNNN 37>+1>+= mak

ufdinn a``fnkbn rny}a }nhkfh wnknyawak ANR wama wyo}oho` àwfrak jnmfa abbnr

bok}yo` ~k}~h ufdinn+

FF+ Ufdinn

R}akmay àwfrak eayfkdak wama ufdinn }nàc mf mnlfkfrfhak o`nc ufdinn

A``fakbn vakd jn`fw~}f 5 àwfrak eayfkdak, àwfrak aw`fharf mak àwfrak hnajakak

vakd mf marayhak wama r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= ~k}~h @awfrak lfrfh #JAB(WCV&+

Ufdinn jnjw~kvaf ininyawa hn`nifcak ak}aya àfk l`nhrfin` maàj wnkdfyfjak

ma}a, ifava vakd ynà}fl j~yac rny}a ynk}akd eayfkdak vakd h~yakd mayf 177 jn}ny,

vakd jnj~machak maàj fkr}aàrf eayfkdak+

FF+1 Ayrf}nh}fy Ufdinn

^k}~h jnjacajf ayrf}nh}~y ufdinn fkf }nk}~kva cay~r jnkdab~ wama

r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+=, mfjaka ayrf}~h}~y ufdinn mfiadf maàj ininyawa àwfrak ,

rnwny}f }ny`fca} wama Dajiay 1+ mf iatac fkf5

9



UMO ‒ UfdInn Mn|fbn Oienb}r

Mn|fbn Jakadnjnk}

Ifkmfkd Jakadnjnk}

Rnb~yf}vJakadnjnk}

Kn}toyhJakadnjnk}

Aw`fharfOienb} 1 Aw`fharf

Oienb} 2M

…… … …

Nkmwofk} J~`}fw`nsfkd

Aww`fba}fok R~wwoy} R~iàvny #AWR&

JnrradnJakadnjnk}

Mfrbo|nyvJakadnjnk}

Lyadjnk}a}fokJakadnjnk}

AW@ Rnb~yf} vJakadnjnk}

RRW *

Rnb~yf}v

Rny|fbn

Wyo|fmny

9,= DCu 3<3/61> JCuWCV #379+1>+=&

KTH ‒ Kn}toyh @avny

Yo~}fkd

Jakadnjnk}

KTH Rnb~yf }v

Jakadnjnk}

Ynl`nb}oy

Jakadnjnk}

UMOJakadnjnk}

Wàkn

JAB #379+1>+=&

Dajiay 1+ Ayrf}nh}~y UfdinnX9Z

FF+9 @awfrak Wfrfh #WCV&

R}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= jnkmnlfkfrfhak m~a ynlynrnk}arf mayf àwfrak lfrfh

#WCVr& vakd jnjf`fhf 2 `niay lynhtnkrf }akwa `frnkrf vaf}~ 9,= DCu mnkdak 1<

bcakn` , 679*693 JCu mnkdak 17 bcakn` mak 3<3*347 JCu mnkdak 1 bcakn`

mnkdak hnbnwa}ak ma}a jarfkd*jarfkd 9>7 hiwr, =7 hiwr mak 97 hiwr+ Rnwny}f

mawa} mf`fca} wama ]ain` 1+

2



Rwynamfkd Wayajn}nyr Ma}a Wayajn}nyr

WCVLynq~nkbv

IakmBcakkn`

K~jinyfkd Bcfw Ya}n Jom~à}fok If} Ya}nRvjio`

Ya}nJom~à}fok

3<3*347 JCu 7 277 hbcfw/r IWRH 97 hi/r 97 hia~m IWRH3<3/61>JCu 679*693 JCu 1 }o 17 <77 hbcfw/r IWRH =7 hi/r =7 hia~m IWRH

9+= DCu 9+=*9+=32> DCu 11 }o 9< 9+7 Jbcfwr O*QWRH9>7

hi/r<9,>

hia~m1<*ayv

Oy}codoka`

]ain` 1+ @niay Lynhtnkrf mak Hnbnwa}ak Ma}a wama Ufdinn

Hnm~a àwfrak lynhtnkrf wama àwfrak lfrfh fkf jnkdd~kahak }nhkfh

jom~àrf Mfynb} Rnq~nkbn Rwynam Rwnb}y~j #MRRR&, ]fwn jom~àrf maàj lynhtnkrf

9,= DCu jnkdd~kahak Q~amya}~}yn Wcarn Rcfl} Hnvfkd #QWRH&+

FF+2 @awfrak Jnmfa Abbnrr Bok}yo ̀

@awfrak Jnmfa Abbnrr Bok}yo` fkf mfmnlfkfrfhak o`nc r}akmay FNNN

379+1>+= ak}aya àfk, jnjw~kvaf }~dar ~k}~h wnkdahrnrak ra`~yak+ Ama

m~a jnhakfrjn ~k}~h jnkdahrnr ra`~yak vaf}~ jomn inabok #inabokjomn& mak jomn kok inabok #kok inabok jomn&+ Jomn inabok

jnkdd~kahak }nhkfh Bayyfny Rnkrn J~`}fw`n Abbnrr tf}c Bo``frfok A|ofmakbn

#BRJA/BA&, rnmakdhak jomn kok inabok jnkdd~kahak }nhkfh kok

BRJA/BA+

]~dar àfk mayf àwfrak Jnmfa Abbnrr Bok}yo` amaàc ~k}~h jnkm~h~kd

Eayfkdak mfjaka jnjf`fhf aàja} <= if} mak rn}faw komn jnjf`fhf aàja} vakd

~kfh, e~jàc komn ifra jnkbawaf 9>= ~k}~h rni~ac hooymfka}oy #~k}~h }nhkfh

Jar}ny*Rà|n&, rnmakdhak e~jàc komn ifra jnkbawaf <>>2= efha jnkdd~kahak

}owoòdf eayfkdaak wnny*}o*wnny #jnrc&+

@awfrak Jnmfa Abbnrr Bok}yo` jnkdd~kahak lyajn abhkot`nmdnjnk},

mnkdak |nyflfharf ma}a jnkdd~kahak BYB 1< if} mak ~k}~h hnajakak ma}a

jnkdd~khak wf`fcak nkhyfwfrf mak a~}nk}flfharf 193 if} ANR+

=



FF+=+ @awfrak Eayfkdak # KTH @avny &

Rnbaya ~j~j àvakak jakaenjnk eayfkdak maàj ufdinn jn`fw~}f 5

hoklfd~yarf wnyakdha}, wnkn}awak eayfkdak vakd iay~, hnakddo}aak eayfkdak,

wnkdajaà}ak eayfkdak, wnjnjf`fcak enkfr hnajakak eayfkdak, rfkhyokfrarf,

eajfkak rò} tah}~, woy}aif`f}ar, hooymfka}oy iabh~w, ynro`~rf hokl`fh

wnkdfmnk}flfharf wama Wnyroka` Ayna Kn}toyh #WAK&, wnjf`fcak ra`~yak rnbaya

mfkajfr mak jnkdc~i~kdhak rny}a jnkddai~kdhak eayfkdak+

@awfrak eayfkdak ufdinn jnkm~h~kd }fda }owoòdf eayfkdak vaf}~ r}ay,

jnrc mak b`~r}ny }ynn+ ]owo`df r}ay amaàc }owoòdf eayfkdak vakd ~j~j vakdjnkvnmfahak ownyarf iny}nkada ia}nynf mnkdak hnh~a}ak àja+ ]owoòòdf jnrc,

a}a~ wnny*}o*wnny jnj~kdhfkhak hnakmaàk mak rhaàif`f}arar vakd rakda} iafh

mnkdak jnkvnmfahak `nifc mayf ra}~ ea`~y maàj eayfkdak ~k}~h ininyawa

c~i~kdak tfyn`nrr #kfy hain`&+ ]owoòdf B`~r}ny*]ynn jnkdd~kahak dai~kdak

}owoòdf r}ay mak }owoòdf jnrc mnkdak jnkddai~kdhak hnm~akva jnjw~kvaf

hn~k}~kdak hnakmaàk }fkdha} }fkddf mak m~h~kdak komn mnkdak iny}nkada

ia}nyaf+

Wnyakdha} lfrfh ufdinn jnjinmahak wnyakdha} hnyarkva vakd mfmarayhak

wama mnlfkfrf r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= vaf}~ Ynm~bnm L~kb}fok Mn|fbn #YLM& mak L~``

L~kb}fok Mn|fbn #LLM&+ YLM mf}nyawhak mnkdak jnkdd~kahak Yakmoj Abbnrr

Jnjoyv #YAJ& mak Ynam Ok`v Jnjoyv #YOJ& mnkdak ~h~yak jfkfj~j mak

mfyakbakd ~k}~h jnkeamf komn wnkdfyfj mak a}a~ wnknyfja vakd rnmnycaka

maàj rni~ac eayfkdak vakd iny~h~yak rakda} inray+ Mnkdak ~h~yak r}abh vakd

hnbf` jaha jnjoyf vakd mfi~}~chak rnmfhf} mak cayda ~k}~h Fk}ndyn}nm Bfyb~f}

#FB&*kva w~k vakd mfwny`~hak jnkeamf `nifc j~yac+ Wnyakdha} YLM ~j~jkva

iny}nkada ia}nyaf, YLM mawa} jnkbayf eayfkdak vakd }nyrnmfa, jnjfkmachak

ma}a, jnknk}~hak awahac ma}a cay~r mfwnkmfkd, jnjfk}a ma}a mayf hooymfka}oy

eayfkdak, mak ahak r`nnw ~k}~h wnyfomn tah}~ vakd àja efha }fmah ama vakd

jnkdd~kahak ca` fkf mfàh~hak ~k}~h jnkd~yakdf hokr~jrf wnkdd~kaak

ia}nynf+

>



<

Dajiay 9+ ]owoòdf Eayfkdak wama Ufdinn mnkdak YLM mak LLM

FF+>+ @awfrak Aw`fharf

@awfrak aw`fharf wama ayrf}nh}~y ufdinn }nymfyf mayf r~i*àvny aw`fharf

#AWR&, Ufdinn Mn|fbn Oienb} #UMO& mak mnlfkfrf wnji~a} oienh aw`fharf+ ]akdd~kd

eatai mayf r~i*àvny AWR jn`fw~}f jnjn`fcaya }ain` ~k}~h jnkdc~i~kdhak,

mfjaka jnjf`fhf hnjajw~ak ~k}~h jnkbobohak m~a wnyakdha} rnbaya

inyraja*raja vakd mfmarayhak wama àvakak mak hni~}~cak wnkdd~ka, mak

jnkvajwafhak wnrak ak}aya wnyakdha} vakd }nyhaf}+ ]akdd~kd eatai vakd àfk

mayf r~i*àvny AWR amaàc jnàh~hak wnj~`fcak #mfrbo|nyv&, rny}a jnknk}~hak

}akdd~kd*eatai mayf UMO vakd jn`fw~}f wnkenàrak }nk}akd a}~yak mayf aà}

maàj eayfkdak, jnkdfkfrfa`frarf mak a}a~ jnynrwok mak jnji~a} r~a}~

c~i~kdak hnajakak mfak}aya wnyakdha} eayfkdak+

FFF+ Am|akbnm Nkbyvw}fok R}akmaym #ANR&

FFF+1 Wnkdd~kaak ANR wama Ufdinn

Raa} fkf, ANR mfd~kahak rniadaf r}akmay a`doyf}ja hyfw}odyalf vakd

}nyiay~+ ANR jnkddak}fhak Ma}a Nkbyvw}fok R}akmay #MNR& vakd wama }ac~k 9779

r~mac inyahcfy jara wnkdd~kaakkva+ MNR e~da mfakddaw }fmah jajw~ àdf

~k}~h jnkeatai }ak}akdak wnyhnjiakdak }nhkoòdf hoj~kfharf vakd rakda}



bnwa}+ ANR rnkmfyf amaàc a`doyf}ja hyfw}odyalf mnkdak jnkdd~kahak a`doyf}ja

Yfekman` vakd mawa} jnkdnkhyfwrf mak jnkmnhyfwrf iòh ma}a rnwakeakd 193 if}

mnkdak wakeakd h~kbf 193 if}, 169 if}, a}a~ 9>< if}+

A`doyf}ja fk}f hyfw}odyalf wama ufdinn jnkdd~kahak ANR vakd mfmarayhak

wama }fda jomn ownyarf+

1+ Bo~k}ny Jomn #B]Y& mfd~kahak ~k}~h nkhyfwrf

9+ Bfwcny Iòbh Bcafkfkd Jomn #BIB& mfd~kahak ~k}~h Fk}ndyf}ar

2+ BBJ Jomn jny~wahak hojifkarf mayf B]Y mak BIB

FFF+ 9+ A`doyf}ja ANR

Fkw~} mak o~}w~} mayf a`doyf}ja ANR }nymfyf mayf ~y~}ak ma}a rninray 193

if}+ ^y~}ak ma}a vakd r~mac }nyink}~h maàj ra}~ hnòjwoh 193 if} }nyrni~}

mfrni~} e~da rniadaf iòh ma}a a}a~ wàfk}ns} vakd kak}fkva ahak mfnkhyfwrf

jnkeamf bfwcny}ns} rnwny}f wama Dajiay 2+ + Bfwcny hnv mayf ANR }nymfyf mayf hnv

mnkdak wakeakd 193 if}, 169 if}, a}a~ 9>< if}

Bcfwny}ns}Wàfk}ns}

Hnv

WyornrNkhyfwrf

Dajiay 2+ Wyornr Nkhyfwrf

Wyornr nkhyfwrf wama a`doyf}ja ANR }nymfyf mayf = enkfr }yakrloyjarf iv}nr,

vaf}~ R~iIv}nr Rcfl}Yotr Jfsbo`~jkr, mak AmmYo~kmHnv+ Wama ata` wyornr

nkhyfwrf, fkw~} vakd }nàc mfra`fk hn maàj r}a}n ahak jnkdaàjf }yakrloyjarf

iv}n AmmYo~kmHnv+ Rn}nàc f}~, r}a}n ahak jnkdaàjf }yakrloyjarf R~iIv}nr

Rcfl}Yotr JfsBo`~jkr, mak AmmYo~kmHnv rnbaya iny~àkd*~àkd rniakvah Ky+

Wyornr fkf maàj a`doyf}ja ANR mfrni~} rniadaf yo~km l~kb}fok+ Yo~km vakd

4



}nyahcfy adah inyinma mnkdak yo~km*yo~km rnin`~jkva mfjaka wama yo~km

}nyahcfy, r}a}n }fmah jnkdaàjf }yakrloyjarf JfsBo`~jkr+ ]ain` 9+ inyfh~}

amaàc wrn~mo bomn ~k}~h jarfkd l~kdrf }yakloyjarf maàj wyornr Bcfwny +

Bfwcny#iv}n fkX=%KiZ, iv}n o~}X=%KiZ, toym tXKi%#Ky(1&Z&indfkiv}n r}a}nX=,KiZr}a}n : fkAmmYo~kmHnv#r}a}n, tX7, Ki*1Z&loy yo~km : 1 r}nw 1 }o Ky‒1R~iIv}nr#r}a}n&

Rcfl}Yotr#r}a}n&JfsBo`~jkr#r}a}n&AmmYo~kmHnv#r}a}n, tXyo~km%Ki, #yo~km(1&%Ki*1Z&nkm loyR~iIv}nr#r}a}n&Rcfl}Yotr#r}a}n&AmmYo~kmHnv#r}a}n, tXKy%Ki, #Ky(1&%Ki*1Z&o~} : r}a}nnkm

]ain` 9+ Wrn~mo Bomn Wyornr Nkhyfwrf

]yakrloyjarf bfwcny mawa} mfia`fhhak mak mffjw`njnk}arfhak maàj ayac

vakd inyàtakak ~k}~h jnkdcarf`hak fk|nyrn bfwcny vakd j~mac mfwacajf ~k}~h

a`doyf}ja ANR+ ]yakrloyjarf iv}n vakd mfd~kahak wama fk|nyr bfwcny amaàc

Fk|Rcfl}Yotr, Fk|R~iIv}nr, Fk|JfsBo`~jkr, mak AmmYo~kmHnv+ ]ain` 2 inyfh~}

amaàc wrn~mo bomn ~k}~h jarfkd l~kdrf }yakloyjarf maàj wyornr Fk|Bcfwny +

3



Fk|Bfwcny#iv}n fkX=%KiZ, iv}n o~}X=%KiZ, toym tXKi%#Ky(1&Z&indfk

iv}n r}a}nX=,KiZr}a}n : fkAmmYo~kmHnv#r}a}n, tXKy%Ki, #Ky(1&%Ki*1Z&loy yo~km : Ky*1 r}nw *1 motk }o 1Fk|Rcfl}Yotr#r}a}n&Fk|R~iIv}nr#r}a}n&AmmYo~kmHnv#r}a}n, tXyo~km%Ki, #yo~km(1&%Ki*1Z&Fk|JfsBo`~jkr#r}a}n&nkm loyFk|Rcfl}Yotr#r}a}n&Fk|R~iIv}nr#r}a}n&

AmmYo~kmHnv#r}a}n, tX7, Ki*1Z&o~} : r}a}nnkm

]ain` 2+ Wrn~mo Bomn Wyornr Mnhyfwrf

F\+ Rfr}nj Hnajakak wama Ufdinn

Wny}~ji~cak wnk}fkd wnyakdha} kfy hain` vakd iny~h~yak hnbf` mak

cayda vakd ynà}fl j~yac jnji~}~chak r~a}~ wà}loyj ~j~j rnmnjfhfak

rncfkdda aà} mawa} inyhoj~kfharf ra}~ raja àfk mak ra`fkd inyiadf r~jiny

mnkdak ifava vakd j~yac+ Rwnrflfharf r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= jnkd~yafhak

wyo}oho` kfy hain` mak ahrnr jnmfa ~k}~h wnyakdha}*wnyakdha} WAK+ Maàj

`fkdh~kdak eayfkdak rnkroy }nàc jnj~àf jnkdd~kahak wyo}oho` fkf+ Wyo}oho`

fkf mfjahr~mhak ~k}~h mffjw`njnk}arfhak maàj wnyakdha} hnyar iny~wa bcfw

yamfo vakd inyrfla} mnmfba}nm+ Bah~wak mayf aw`fharf ufdinn fkf b~h~w `~ar,

jn`fw~}f 5 wnkdok}yo` dajn kfy hain`, ca`*ca` vakd inyc~i~kdak mnkdak

`fkdh~kdak, jnmfr, mak wnyakdha}*wnyakdha} wnkdok}yo` iakd~kak, ~k}~h

wnjakar mak rnkroy y~akd ~maya+ Aw`fharf fkf rnyfkdha`f jnkdd~kahak

wnyakdha} vakd mf}njwn`hak mak mfhnkma`fhak mnkdak jfhyohok}yo`ny

iny~h~yak 3 a}a~ 1< if} mnkdak jahr~m aday wnyakdha} inyownyarf }akwa bajw~y

}akdak jak~rfa ~k}~h wnyfomn tah}~ vakd àja+

Wnyfomn tah}~ vakd àja wama ownyarf }akwa hnkma`f maàj wnyakdha}

hnyar fkf jnjw~kvaf m~a fjw`fharf hn}fha wnyakbakdak rfr}nj vaf}~ wnyakdha}

6



`~kah vakd inyeaàk wama wnyakdha} fkf cay~r jnjf`fhf jn}omn vakd inkay mak

rnmnycaka, wnyakdha} cay~r mfi~a} wnkdd~kaakkva nlnrfnk mnkdak wnkdd~kaak

nknydf vakd }nyia}ar+

Rwnrflfharf r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= mfjahr~mhak ~k}~h jnkm~h~kd

inyiadaf aw`fharf, mfjaka rniadfak inray amaàc rfr}nj hnajakak vakd inyrfla}

rnkrf}fl+ Rniadaf bok}oc, wny}fjiakdak har~r mayf r~a}~ eayfkdak rnkroy vakd

mfd~kahak ~k}~h wnkdatarak hnwnjf`fhak mayf rni~ac iakd~kak mnkdak rfr}nj

aàyj, ama r~a}~ wyf|arf vakd }nyhaf} mnkdak eneah oyakd*oyakd maàj iakd~kak

}nyrni~}+ Awaàdf, efha eayfkdak }fmah ajak, j~r~c mawa} jnjomflfharf mak

jnkajiachak wnrak àfk hn maàj aàyj, a}a~ `nifc wayac àdf, jnja}fhak

rfkva` aàyj+ Iakvah aw`fharf jnjny`~hak hnyacarfaak mak jnjw~kvaf r~a}~

hni~}~cak ~k}~h wny`fkm~kdak }nywam~+ Rncfkdda, rwnrflfharf r}akmay 379+1>+=

wnkdaàja}akkva jnà`~f r~a}~ wahn} hnajakak `fkh*àvny +

F\+1+ Maray @avakak Hnajakak wama Ufdinn

Wyo}oho` hnajakak àwfrak @fkh jnkvnmfahak njwa} àvakak hnajakak

maray vaf}~ hok}yo` ahrnr #abbnrr bok}yo`&, fk}ndyf}ar wnrak #jnrradn fk}ndyf}v&,

hnyacarfaak wnrak #jnrradn boklfmnk}fa`f}v&, mak wny`fkm~kdak wnkd~àkdak wnrak

#ynwàv wyo}nb}fok&+

F\+1+1+ Hok}yo` Ahrnr #abbnrr bok}yo`& mak Fk}ndyf}ar Wnrak #jnrradn fk}ndyf}v&

Jahr~m abbnrr bok}yo` wama wyo}oho` àwfrak `fkh cay~r mawa} jnkbndac

wfcah*wfcah vakd }fmah inycah ~k}~h ajif` iadfak maàj eayfkdak+ Komn vakd

jnjw~kvaf cah cay~r mawa} jnkmn}nhrf wnrak vakd inyara` mayf komn àfk vakd

}fmah jnjw~kvaf cah rny}a jnkoàh ~k}~h jnkdahrnr eayfkdak+ Rnàfk f}~,

eayfkdak vakd ajak cay~r jnkvnmfahak wny`fkm~kdak }nycamaw fk}ndyf}ar wnrak,

efha ama j~r~c vakd jnjomflfharf r~a}~ wnrak, mfjaka wnrak f}~ inyara` mayf

wnkdfyfj vakd mfinyf cah, rnmakdhak wnrak maàj wyornr wnjfkmacak, jaha

wnknyfja cay~r mawa} jnkmn}nhrf hny~rahhak wnrak fkf, }nyjar~h homn

wnkdnracak wnrak Jnrradn a~}cnk}fba}fok bomn #JAB&X1Z mnkdak jarfkd*jarfkd

wahn} jnkvnmfahak wnkdnracak mak fk}ndyf}ar wnrak+

17



JAB mawa} mfwakmakd rniadaf rniadaf r~a}~ bcnbhr~j hyfw}odyalf vakd

ajak mayf rni~ac wnrak+ Wnycf}~kdakkva jnjny`~hak wnknyfja mak wnkdfyfj

wnrak vakd mfinyf cah ~k}~h inyiadf h~kbf hyfw}odyalf yacarfa, mak h~kbf fkf

jnkeamf iadfak mayf jar~hak ~k}~h wnycf}~kdak+ Wnkdfyfj jnkdcf}~kd JAB

vakd ama wama wahn} mnkdak h~kbf yacarfa mak }nyjar~h JAB mnkdak

wahn}kva+ Wnknyfja inyiadf h~kbf yacarfa vakd raja ~k}~h jnkdcf}~kd ~àkd

JAB mak jnjiakmfkdhakkva mnkdak JAB vakd ama mf maàj wahn}+ Wnknyfja

jnknyfja wahn} efha JAB*kva raja, mak jnkoàhkva efha inyinma+ JAB cay~r

mfi~a} `nifc r~rac ~k}~h mfwa`r~hak }akwa h~kbf yacarfa+ Rniadaf

hokrnhtnkrfkva, efha j~r~c jnkd~iac r~a}~ wnrak vakd rac a}a~ jnkv~k}fhak

r~a}~ wnrak vakd wa`r~, mfa }fmah ahak jajw~ jnkdcf}~kd hnyrnr~afak JAB,

mak wnknyfja ahak jnkoàh wnrak vakd mfwa`r~hak f}~

F\+1+9+ Hnyacarfaak #boklfmnk}fa`f}v&

Hnyacarfaak mfjahr~mhak jnkeada fkloyjarf mayf wfcah vakd }fmah

inycah+ Fkf rnbaya hc~r~r mfbawaf mnkdak nkhyfwrf+ Rhnja nkhyfwrf vakd `nifc

mfr~haf rncay~rkva }fmah cakva jnkbndac wnj~`fcak wnrak, }n}awf e~da

jnkbndac j~r~c ~k}~h jnjwnàeayf rniadfak fkloyjarf wnrak vakd }nàc

mfnkhyfwrf+ Rfla} nkhyfwrf vakd h~a} rnwny}f f}~ mfhnka` mnkdak hnajakak

rnjak}fh+

Ra}~ fjw`fharf mayf hnajakak rnjak}fh amaàc wnkvakmfak m~a ha`f

wàfk}ns} vakd raja, jnjinyf m~a bfwcny}ns}r vakd inyinma+ Efha wyornr

nkhyfwrfkva rny~wa ~k}~h m~a wnhnyeak wama wnrak vakd raja, jaha hnajakak

rnjak}fh }nàc mfàkdday mfjaka jnkdcarf`hak bfwcny}ns} vakd rny~wa+ ]nhkfhvakd ~j~j ~k}~h jnjwnyo`nc hninycarfàk hnajakak rnjak}fh amaàc mnkdak

jnkdd~kahak a`doyf}ja nkhyfwrf ~k}~h jarfkd*jarfkd wnhnyeaak mnkdak

jnkdd~kahak tah}~ vakd ~kfh #kokbn&+ Kokbn }nyrni~} mawa} mfeamfhak fmn

rniadaf jar~hak ~k}~h a`doyf}ja nkhyfwrf+ ]~e~ak ~}aja mayf kokbn }amf amaàc

~k}~h jnkajiachak |ayfarf iadf wyornr nkhyfwrf hn}fha cakva ama rnmfhf}

|ayfarf maàj h~jw~àk wnrak+ Haynka wnknyfja cay~r jnkdd~kahak kokbn

}nyrni~} ~k}~h jnkmnhyfwrf wnrak, hnajakak wama hniakvahak rhnja nkhyfwrf

11



}fmah inyrakmay wama kokbn vakd jnkeamf yacarfa+ Kokbn rnbaya hc~r~r mfhfyfj

mak mfjar~hak hn maàj wahn} vakd raja mnkdak ma}a vakd }nàc mf nkhyfwrf+

F\+1+2+ Wny`fkm~kdak Wnkd~àkdak Wnrak #ynwàv wyo}nb}fok&+

J~r~c vakd jnkd~wfkd wnrak vakd rac vakd }nàc mfhfyfj mf ak}aya m~a

komn vakd mfinyf cah mak jnkd~àkdkva wama ininyawa tah}~ hnj~mfak vakd

jnkdahfia}hak wnkd~àkdak rnyakdak+ Haynka wnrak ar`f inyara` mayf wnkdfyfj

vakd mfinyf cah, fkf ahak jnjw~kvaf JAB vakd rac, rncfkdda wnknyfja ahak

jnknyfjakva àdf+ Wny`fkm~kdak wnkd~àkdak wnrak jnkbndac enkfr rnyakdak

fkf+ Wnkdfyfj rnbaya hc~r~r jnknkn}~hak hnkafhak kojoy ~y~}ak rnbaya }ny~r*

jnkny~r hn jarfkd*jarfkd wahn} mak wnknyfja jnkoàh wahn} mnkdak kojoy

~y~}ak vakd `nifc hnbf`+

F\+9 Wyo}oho` Ufdinn

Rnbaya dayfr inray ayrf}nh}~y hnajakak r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= ahak

mfenàrhak `nifc mn}f` wama iadfak fkf vakd jn`fw~}f r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= mak

hnajakak+

F\+9+1+ R}akmay FNNN 379+1>+=

Wnkdaàja}ak maàj r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= }nàc mfrnjw~ykahak jnà`~f

wnkdnka` komn <= if} mak wnkdnka` eayfkdak 1< if}+ R}akmay FNNN 379+1>+=

jnkm~h~kd ininyawa wnkdaàja}ak komn vakd inyinma+ Rniadaf bok}oc,

wnjo}okdak aàja} 1< if} j~kdhfk mfd~kahak rniadaf wnkddak}f wnkdnka` komn

<= if} maàj har~r }ny}nk}~+ Fkf jnkdfefkhak ~h~yak mayf aàja} r~jiny mak}~e~ak iny~iac*~iac ak}aya 7 mak 17 iv}nr }nydak}~kd wama awahac aàja} vakd

mfd~kahak }nyrni~} }nywo}okd a}a~ wnk~c, mak awahac komn jnkdfyfjhak hn

aàja} àfk rnbaya }nyrniay+ Rniadaf iacak wny}fjiakdak aàja} wnkdnka` komn

b~h~w iny~h~yak <=*if}+

Ama m~a enkfr wahn} vakd wnk}fkd vakd }nyhaf} mnkdak hnajakak wama

r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= vaf}~ wahn} ma}a mak wahn} abhkot`nmdjnk}+ Wahn} ma}a,

mawa} mf`fca} wama Dajiay =#a&, jnjw~kvaf wakeakd |ayfai`n #|ayfai`n `nkd}c&

19



mak mfd~kahak wama rni~ac komn ~k}~h jnkdfyfjhak wnrak hn ra}~ komn a}a~

~k}~h jnkvniayhak wnrak hn iakvah komn+ Jarfkd*jarfkd wahn} ma}a

jnjw~kvaf rni~ac Làdlfn`m vakd jnkakmahak enkfr wahn}, awahac

hnajakakkva nkai`n a}a~ }fmah, jomn wnkdaàjaka}ak vakd mfd~kahak, mak

awahac wnkdfyfj jnjfk}a abhkot`nmdjnk}+ 1 iv}n wny}aja jnàvakf wnkn}~ak

e~jàc wahn} abhkot`nmdjnk}+ Wahn} wf`fcakkva jn`fw~}f aàja} r~jiny mak

}~e~ak+ Rnwny}f mf~yafhak mf a}ar, jarfkd*jarfkd lfn`m iny~iac ~h~yakkva ak}aya

7 mak 17 iv}nr+ Wavòamlfn`m ma}a ma}akd rn}nàc ammynrrfkdlfn`m+ Fkf h~yakd mayf 179

iv}nr+ Mak iadfak iv}n }nyahcfy, 9 iv}n bcnbhr~jlfn`m/Bvb`fb Ynm~makbv Bcnbh

# BYB& jn`fkm~kdf wahn} vakd mfd~kahak ~k}~h wnkakdakak hnraàcak‒

hnraàcak wnkdfyfjak+

Wahn} abhkot`nmdjnk}, rnwny}f wama Dajiay =#i&, mfhfyfjhak o`nc

wnknyfja cakva efha wahn} ma}a vakd inyrnr~fakak }fmah jnkdfyfj hn aàja}

komn rnbaya }nyrniay mak jnji~}~chak abhkot`nmdjnk}+ Loyja}kva rnmnycaka5

9 iv}n lfn`mlàdr rn}aya mnkdak ra}~ wahn} ma}a, kojoy ~y~}ak #rnq~nk} k~jiny &

vakd iny~h~yak 1 iv}n mayf wahn} vakd inyfrf abhkot`nmdjnk} mak 9 iv}n ~k}~h

BYB+

F\+9+9+ Hnajakak wama Jnmfa Abbnrr Bok}yo`

@awfrak hnajakak wama r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= mf}akdakf o`nc àwfrak

jnmfa abbnrr bok}yo` vakd inyama mf iatac hok}yo` aw`fharf+ Aw`fharf jnkn}awhak

wnyrvaya}ak hnajakakkva mnkdak wnkda}~yak wayajn}ny hok}yo` vakd rnr~af hn

maàj r}abh yamfo+ Efha aw`fharf }fmah jnkda}~y wayajn}ny awaw~k, jaha kfàf

hnajakak mnla~`}*kva mfa}~y mnkdak mfrai`n+ Aw`fharf cay~r }ndar jnkda}~y kfàfhnajakak mnkdak jnjinyfhak kfàf nkai`n, rnwny}f mf~yafhak `nifc yfkbf mf

iatac fkf+ Rwnrflfharf r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= jnkmnlfkfrfhak njwa} enkfr wahn}

vaf}~ wahn} inabok #inabok wabhn}r&, wahn} ma}a #ma}a wabhn}r&, wahn}

abhkot`nmdjnk}r #abhkot`nmdjnk}r wabhn}r& mak wahn} hok}yo` #bok}yo` wabhn}r&

~k}~h àwfrak jnmfa abbnrr bok}yo`+ Rwnrflfharf fkf }fmah jnkm~h~kd hnajakak

~k}~h wahn} abhkot`nmdnjnk} enkfr wahn} àfk jny~wahak wf`fcak vakd mawa}

12



jnkm~h~kd wny`fkm~kdak fk}ndyf}ar #fk}ndyf}v wyo}nb}fok& mak wny`fkm~kdak

hnyacarfaak wahn} lfn`mma}a+

Aw`fharf jnjw~kvaf rni~ac wf`fcak yakdhafak hnajakak vakd

jnkdok}yo` enkfr wny`fkm~kdak hnajakak vakd mfrnmfahak ~k}~h wnkdfyfjak

ma}a+ Jarfkd*jarfkd yakdhafak hnajakak jnkatayhak wyowny}fnr mak eajfkak

hnajakak vakd inyinma, mak ca` wa`fkd jnkayfh amaàc jnkatayhak loyja}

wahn} vakd inyinma+ Rwnrflfharf r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= jnkmnlfkfrfhak mnàwak

yakdhafak hnajakak, rnwny}f mawa} mf`fca} maàj ]ain` =+

Kaja Mnrhyfwrf

K~`` Ko Rnb~yf}v

ANR*B]Y Nkbyvw}fok ok`v B]Y Jomn

ANR*BIB*JAB*193 193 if} JAB

ANR*BIB*JAB*<= 193 if} JAB

ANR*BIB*JAB*29 193 if} JAB

ANR*BBJ*193 Nkbyvw}fok , 193 if} JAB

ANR*BBJ*<= Nkbyvw}fok , <= if} JAB

ANR*BBJ*29 Nkbyvw}fok , 29 if} JAB

]ain` =+ Yakdhafak Hnajakak vakd mfm~h~kd o`nc r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+=

Yakdhafak hnajakak vakd mfm~h~kd o`nc r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= amaàc

rniadaf inyfh~} 5 }fmah ama wnkdajakak #ko rnb~yf}v&, nkhyfwrf raea #nkbyvw}fok

ok`v&/ANR*B]Y, jnkeada hnar`fak ma}a raea #a~}cnk}fba}fok ok`v&/ANR*BIB*JAB

mak nkhywrf mak jnkeada hnar`fak ma}a #nkbyvw}fok akm a~}cnk}fba}fok&/ANR*BBJ+Jarfkd*jarfkd ha}ndoyf vakd jnkm~h~kd hnar`fak ma}a #a~}cnk}fba}fok& mfiadf

maàj }fda ~h~yak vakd inyàfkak }nydak}~kd wama ~h~yak mayf jnmfa abbnrr

bok}yo` vakd mf }atayhak+

JAB mawa} jnjf`fhf wakeakd =, 3, a}a~ 1< iv}nr+ Mnkdak ~h~yak JAB

vakd `nifc wakeakd jaha `nifc hnbf` hnrnjwa}ak j~r~c ~k}~h jnja`r~hak

}niahak homn vakd rnr~af+ Rniadaf bok}oc, mnkdak ~h~yak JAB 3 iv}n, j~r~c

jnjw~kvaf 9<= hnrnjwa}ak jnja`r~hak JAB+

1=



1 iv}n 9 iv}n 1 iv}n7/9/=/17

iv}nr

7/9/=/17

iv}nr|ayfai`n 9 iv}n

Wakeakd LàdrRnq~nk}K~jiny

Aàja}]~e~ak

Aàja}R~jiny

Ma}aWavòam

BYB

#a& Loyja} Wahn} Ma}a

1 iv}n 9 iv}n 1 iv}n 2 iv}n

Wakeakd LàdrRnq~nk}K~jiny

BYB

#i& Loyja} Wahn} Abhkot`nmdjnk}

Dajiay =+ Loyja} Wahn} Ma}a mak Abhkot`nmdjnk}

\ayfai`n 1 iv}n \ayfai`n

Wavòam Hnv B}yNkbyfw}nmWavòam

#a& ANR*B]Y

\ayfai`n =/3/1< iv}nr

Lyajn Bo~k}ny JAB

#i& ANR*BIB*JAB*i, i∃x=,3,1<z ~h~yak JAB

= iv}n 1 iv}n \ayfai`n =/ 3/1< iv}n

Lyajn Bo~k}ny Hnv B}y Nkbyvw}nm Wavòam Nkbyfw}nm JAB

#b& ANR*BBJ*JAB*i, i∃x=,3,1<z ~h~yak JAB

Dajiay >+ Loyja} mayf Lfn`m Ma}a

1>



]yamnoll *kva amaàc wahn} mnkdak ~h~yak vakd `nifc inray mfd~kahak ~k}~h

jnkfkdha}hak wny`fkm~kdak jnàtak rnyakdak a~}cnk}fba}fok+ Awaàdf, ~k}~h

jarfkd*jarfkd yakdhafak vakd jnkatayhak nkhyfwrf, wnknyfja mawa} rnbaya

iniar jnkdah}flhak wf`fcak nkai`n ~k}~h ynwàv wyo}nb}fok+ Waya wnyakbakd yamfo

}fmah cay~r jnknyawhak rn`~y~c yakdhafak+ Rwnrflfharf fkf cakva jnjny`~hak

bcfw yamfo vakd jnkvnmfahak m~h~kdak ~k}~h yakdhafak k~`` mak yakdhafak

ANR*BBJ*<=+

Fkmfharf rni~ac aw`fharf jnjf`fc yakdhafak hnajakak inymarayhak wama

aàja} r~jiny mak }~e~ak wnrak+ Bcfw yamfo mnkdak r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+=

jnjw~kvaf r~a}~ mal}ay wnkdok}yo` ahrnr #Abbnrr Bok}yo` @fr}&/AB@ vakd

jnkdnkma`fhak yakdhafak hnajakak mak fkloyjarf h~kbf vakd mfd~kahak+

Wnyakdha} vakd }nrnmfa jnkm~h~kd rajwaf 9>> jar~hak AB@+ Jarfkd*jarfkd

jar~hak inyfrf rni~ac aàja} r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+=, rni~ac wnkdnka` yakdhafak

hnajakak mak ja}nyfa` hnajakak, rnwny}f mf}~ke~hhak wama Dajiay <+

AmmynrrRnb~yf}v

R~f}nHnv

@ar} Fkf}faùa}fok

\nb}oy #F\&Ynwàv Bo~k}ny

Dajiay <+ Loyja} mayf jar~hak AB@+ Aàja} }~e~ak mayf wahn} vakd hn`~aymfbobohak mnkdak lfn`m aàja} maàj jar~hak AB@+ Wahn}hnj~mfak mfwyornr jnkdd~kahak yakdhafak hnajakak vakdmf}akmaf mnkdak h~kbf mak Fkf}faùa}fok \nb}oy #F\& vakd }nymal}ay mfjar~hak AB@+ ^k}~h wahn} vakd ma}akd, aàja} r~jiny mfbobohakmnkdak lfn`m ammynrr jar~hak AB@+ Hyfw}odyalf inyownyarfjnkdd~kahak h~kbf mayf jar~hak AB@ mak lfn`m bo~k}ny ynwàviny}fkmah rniadaf r~a}~ ta}ny jayh, efha ynwàv wyo}nb}fok mfah}flhakmnkdak nkia`n+

Ja}nyfa` hnajakak amaàc r}a}~r vakd }ny~r*jnkny~r mfwny`~hak ~k}~h

jnkdnhrnh~rf yakdhafak hnajakak+ Ja}nyfa` hnajakak fkf }nymfyf mayf h~kbf

hyfw}odyalf ~k}~h yakdhafak vakd jnkvnmfahak nkhyfwrf, r}a}~r kokbn vakd

jnkva}ahak iacta cay~r mfwn`fcaya ~k}~h iadfak wnhnyeaak nkhyfwrf mnkdak

wahn} vakd inyinma+ Hn}fha ynwàv wyo}nb}fok mf`fia}hak, ja}nyfa` hnajakak e~da

r~mac }nyjar~h ta}ny jayh ~k}~h wnkdnka` wahn} vakd iay~ ahak mf}nyfja+

1<



Rniadaf iadfak mayf ak}ay j~ha #fk}nylabn& ~k}~h wahn} wnkdfyfjak,

Aw`fharf cay~r jnkn}awhak kfàf ioo`nak awahac hnajakakkva nkai`n+ Efha }fmah

ama hnajakak #ko rnb~yf}v& vakd mfi~}~chak, wahn} mfhfyfjhak rnwny}f awa

amakva+ Efha hnajakakkva nkai`n, àwfrak JAB jnkbayf #òoh~w& hn aàja} }~e~ak

maàj }ain` AB@+ Efha ama jar~hak AB@ vakd boboh, yakdhafak hnajakak,

h~kbf, mak kokbn vakd mf}n}awhak maàj jar~hak AB@ f}~ mfd~kahak ~k}~h

jnkdnkhyfwrf mak a}a~ jnji~h}fhak hnar`fak wahn} vakd hn`~ay, mak lf`nmlàdr

wama wahn} hn`~ay vakd rnr~af mnkdak hnòjwohkva+ Efha aàja} }~e~ak }fmah

}nymal}ay maàj }ain` AB@, jaha jar~hak AB@ mnkdak kfàf mnla~`} mfd~kahak

rniadaf dak}fkva8 jar~hak AB@ mnkdak kfàf mnla~`} vakd jfyfw mnkdak

jar~hak AB@, hnb~a`f haà~ jar~hak AB@ boboh ~k}~h rn`~y~c aàja} }~e~ak+

Efha jar~hak AB@ kfàf mnla~`} horokd mak aw`fharf jnji~}~chak hnajakak,

@awfrak jnmfa abbnr bok}yo` jnkdnjia`fhak homn hnraàcak+

Wama }njwa} wnknyfja wahn}, àwfrak jnmfa abbnrr bok}yo` jnjnyfhra

lfn`mlàdr maàj wahn} ~k}~h jnknk}~hak efha ama ininyawa yakdhafak hnajakak

vakd }nàc mfinyàh~hak ~k}~h rni~ac wahn}+ Efha hnajakak }fmah mfd~kahak #ko

rnb~yf}v&, wahn} mf`nta}hak hnwama aw`fharf rnwny}f awa amakva+ Efha }fmah, àwfrak

jnmfa abbnrr bok}yo` jnkdd~kahak r~a}~ wyornr vakd jfyfw ~k}~h jnknj~hak

jar~hak AB@ vakd rnr~af, ~k}~h tah}~ inymarayhak wama aàja} wnkdfyfj+

Hnj~mfak jnkdd~kahak yakdhafak hnajakak vakd rnr~af, h~kbf, mak bo~k}ny

ynwàv ~k}~h wahn} hnma}akdak, jnjinyfhak aw`fharf mnkdak wnrak hnraàcak

efha }fmah ama jar~hak AB@ vakd rnr~af ~k}~h mf}njwa}hak+

F\+9+9+1+ Ha}ndoyf Yakdhafak HnajakakInyfh~} ahak mf~yafhak `nifc yfkbf }nk}akd ha}ndoyf mayf yakdhafak hnajakak5

A+ K~``

K~`` jny~wahak yakdhafak hnajakak vakd wa`fkd rnmnycaka+

Wnkbak}~jakkva taefi maàj rnj~a bcfw yamfo+ K~`` }fmah jnjw~kvaf ja}nyfa`

hnajakak mak inyownyarf rnwny}f l~kdrf fmnk}f}ar mak }fmah jnkdcarf`hak

eajfkak hnajakak awaw~k+

14



I+ ANR*B]Y

Yakdhafak fkf jnkvnmfahak wny`fkm~kdak hnyacarfaak vakd

jnkdd~kahak ANR iòbh bcfwny X4Z mnkdak bo~k}ny jomn+ ^k}~h jnkdnkhyfwrf ma}a

wama bo~k}ny jomn, wnkdfyfj jnkdnòjwohak wahn} b`nay}ns} hn maàj iòbh

iny~h~yak 1<*iv}n w185558wk mak jnkdcf}~kd bcfwny mnkdak y~j~r bf:wf⊞ Ns#Sf&+

Jarfkd*jarfkd iòh vakd iny~h~yak 1< iv}n jnkdd~kahak bo~k}ny rnkmfyf vakd

inyinma*inma, mfjaka mfrni~} s1+ Wnknyfja jnkdnjia`fhak wàfk}ns} ar`f

mnkdak y~j~r wf:bf⊞ Ns#Sf&+ Mnkdak Enàr, wnknyfja jnjny`~hak kfàf bo~k}ny

Sf rnbaya iny~y~} ~k}~h jnynhokr}y~hrf wf+ Bo~k}ny Sf mfrni~} mnkak kokbn a}a~

Fkf}faùa}fok \nb}oy #F\&, vakd }nymfyf a}ar r~r~kak lfn`mlàdr r}a}fr, aàja}

wnkdfyfj, mak 2 bo~k}ny }nywfrac 5 = iv}n lyajn bo~k}ny vakd jny~wahak wahn}, 1

iv}n lfn`mbo~k}ny h~kbf, mak 9 iv}n iòbh bo~k}ny vakd e~jàckva 1< iv}n iòh

maàj wahn} rnwny}f mf}~ke~hhak maàj Dajiay 4+

Wnkdnòàak lyajn bo~k}ny mfàh~hak mnkdak yamfo wnyakdha} hnyar+

wnkdfyfj jnkafhak kfàf lyajn bo~k}ny rn}nàc jnkdnkhyfwrf jarfkd*jarfkd

wahn}+ Hn}fha jnkbawaf kfàf jahrfj~j, yamfo jnkdnjia`fhak homn hnraàcak

mak }fmah jnj~kdhfkhak ~k}~h jnàh~hak nkhyfwrf+ bo~k}ny h~kbf amaàc

bo~k}ny vakd iny~h~yak ra}~ iv}n vakd inyama mf iatac hok}yo` aw`fharf+ Bo~k}ny

fkf mawa} mfkafhak kfàfkva efha lyajn bo~k}ny in`~j jnkbawaf kfàf

jahrfj~jkva+ Wnyrvaya}akkva amaàc iacta kokbn cay~r }fmah wnykac

jnkd~àkdf maàj `fln}fjn mayf rfkd`n hnv, mak }~dar mayf lyajn bo~k}ny mak hnv

bo~k}ny amaàc ~k}~h jnkbndac kokbn mfd~kahak hnjia`f+ Iòbh bo~k}ny vakd

iny~h~yak 9 iv}n jnkeajfk jarfkd*jarfkd iòh ahak jnkdd~kahak kfàf kokbn

vakd inyinma8 wnkdfyfj }fmah cay~r jnkddai~kdhakkva mnkdak wahn}, haynkawnknyfja mawa} jnjwnyhfyahak kfàfkva ~k}~h jarfkd*jarfkd iòh+

Hnrfjw~àkkva, maàj wnkdfyfj r~mac jn`fw~}f lyajn bo~k}ny , bo~k}ny hnv

mak nkhyfwrf wavòam vakd }nàc vakd ama maàj wavòamlf`nm mayf rni~ac wahn},

rnwny}f wama Dajiay >#a&+

13



1 iv}n 3 iv}n = iv}n 1 iv}n 9 iv}n

Làdr Ro~ybn Ammynrr

Lyajn

Bo~k}ny Hnv Bo~k}ny

Iòbh

Bo~k}ny

Dajiay 4+ Loyja} jar~hak # Sf& ~k}~h Iòbh bcfwny wama yakdhafak ANR*B]Ymak ANR*BBJ+ làdrlfn`m amaàc r~a}~ hokr}ak}a ~k}~h jomn ANR*B]Y8 kfàfkva mf}nk}~hak o`nc rwnrflfharf BBJ ~k}~h ANR*BBJ+

B+ ANR*BIB*JAB

Yakdhafak fkf jnkvnmfahak wny`fkm~kdak fk}ndyf}ar #fk}ndyf}v wyo}nb}fok&

mnkdak jnkdd~kahak BIB*JAB X3Z+ Wnkdfyfj mawa} jnkdcf}~kd JAB mnkdak~h~yak vaad inyàfkak vaf}~ =, 3, a}a~ 1< Iv}n mnkdak a`doyf}ja BIB*JAB, vakd

j~kb~` ~k}~h }fda ANR*BIB*JAB vakd inyinma+ JAB cakva mawa} mfcf}~kd

o`nc wfcah vakd jnjf`fhf h~kbf rfjn}yfh #rvjjn}yfb hnv&+ JAB jn`fkm~kdf

cnamnyr wabhn} raja rnwny}f ca`kva jn`fkm~kdf ma}a wavòam+ Wnkdfyfj

jnàjwfyhak ma}a wàfk}ns} mnkdak JAB, rnwny}f wama dajiay >#i&+ Wnknyfja

jnjnyfhra JAB mnkdak jnkdcf}~kd JAB mak jnjiakmfkdhakkva mnkdak

kfàf vakd mfjar~hhak mf maàj wahn}+

M+ ANR*BBJ

Yakdhafak hnajakak fkf jnkdd~kahak jomn BBJ ~k}~h jnkdnkhywrf

mak jneada hnar`fak ma}a X3Z+ @nifc `~ar àdf, ANR*BBJ jny~wahak yakdhafak

wny}aja vakd jnkdd~kahak fk}ndyf}v wyo}nb}fok wama wavòam ma}a mak cnamny

mnkdak jnkdd~kahak BIB*JAB hnj~mfak jnkdnkhyfwrf wavòam ma}a mak

JAB jnkdd~kahak jomn ANR*B]Y+ ANR*BBJ jnjf`fhf m~a ink}~h lfn`m mayf

m~a ownyarf nkhywrf mak jneada hnar`fak ma}a5 vaf}~ JAB, lyajn bo~k}ny mak

bo~k}ny hnv+ Lfn`m fkf jnàvakf l~kdrf vakd raja rnwny}f mf a}ar+ Rniadafjaka

ANR*BIB*JAB jnjw~kvaf }fda enkfr vakd inyinma }nydak}~kd mnkdak ~h~yak

JAB, ANR*BBJ e~da jnjw~kvaf }fda enkfr vakd inyinma+ Loyja} wahn}kva

mf}~ke~hhak maàj dajiay >#b&

16



Wnknyfja mawa} jnjf`fc nkai`n ~k}~h ynwàv wyo}nb}fok hn}fha

jnkdd~kahak yakdhafak hnajakak vakd jnkvnmfahak wny`fkm~kdak

hnyacarfaak #boklfmnk}fa`f}v wyo}nb}fok&+ Yakdhafak fkf jn`fw~}f ANR*B]Y mak

rnj~a |ayfak mayf ANR*BBJ+ Wnknyfja jnkdd~kahak lyajn bo~k}ny mak hnv

bo~k}ny vakd iny~h~yak > iv}n, ynwàv bo~k}ny mnkdak hnv bo~k}ny jnknjwa}f

# Jor} Rfdkflfbak} Iv}n& JRI mayf kfàf fkf+ Wnknyfja jnjiakmfkdhak ynwàv

bo~k}ny mayf hnma}akdak wahn} ~k}~h kfàf vakd wa`fkd }fkddf, vakd mfrfjwak

maàj jar~hak AB@+ Efha hnma}akdak wahn} jnjw~kvaf bo~k}ny ynwàv `nifc

inray mfiakmfkd raàc ra}~ vakd mfrfjwak, jaha wahn} mf}nyfja mak bo~k}ny

ynwàv iay~ mfrfjwak+ Ahak }n}awf, Efha hnma}akdak wahn} kfàfkva `nifc hnbf`,

wahn} }nyrni~} mf}oàh mak aw`fharf mfinyf}ac~ }nk}akd wnkoàhak }nyrni~}+

Mnkdak jnkdab~ wama bo~k}ny fkf rnwny}f bo~k}ny ynwàv, r~kdd~cw~k fkf

jny~wahak bo~k}ny vakd raja rnwny}f kokbn+ Bo~k}ny fkf rnbaya òdfha jnàvakf

}~e~ak vakd inyinma mayf kokbn, mfjaka mfd~kahak ~k}~h jnkeada hnyacarfaak+

Bo~k}ny ynwàv }fmah }nyi~ha iadf aw`fharf ~k}~h mfd~kahak+

F\+2+ Jomn` Wnkd~kbfak # Hnvfkd Jomn`&

Hyfw}odyalf rfjn}yfh #rvjjn}yfb byvw}odyawcv& jnjwnybavahak wama hnm~a

nkmwofk}r vakd jnkdd~kahakak h~kbf vakd raja hn}fha inyhoj~kfharf fkdfk

ajak+ Maàj hnòjwoh komn, jomn` wnkd~kbfak jnkd~y~rf awahac h~kbf

rni~ac komn mfd~kahak ~k}~h inyhoj~kfharf mnkdak komn àfk+ Jomn`

wnkd~kbfak vakd wa`fkd rnr~af ~k}~h r~a}~ aw`fharf }nydak}~kd wama jomn`

akbajak wama aw`fharf mak awa enkfr r~jiny mavakva rny}a hnfkdfkdak mayf

wfcah jakaenjnk h~kbf+ Rniadaf bok}oc, maàj Kn}toyh rcaynm hnvfkd, }faw*}fawkomn jnkdd~kahak h~kbf vakd raja ~k}~h inyhoj~kfharf mnkdak komn àfk+

F\+2+1+ Wnkd~kbfak Eayfkdak inyiadf # Kn}toyh rcaynm hnvfkd&

Maàj wnkd~kbfak enkfr fkf jarfkd*jarfkd komn maàj rfr}nj

jnjwyornr h~kbf vakd raja mak jnkdd~kahakkva ~k}~h inyhoj~kfharf

mnkdak rnj~a komn+ Jakaenjnk h~kbf jnkeamf ca` rnwn`n mnkdak wnkmnha}ak

fkf, haynka rnj~a hoj~kfharf jnkdd~kahak h~kbf vakd raja+ ]ajiacakkva

97



amaàc iacta jnjoyf vakd mfi~}~chak jfkfja`+ O`nc haynkakva aw`fharf mawa}

jnkdd~kahak kn}toyh rcaynm hnvfkd+

Iadafjakaw~k, hnrnmnycakaak jakaenjnk fkf jnkdacamawf ifava mayf

ynk}ak rnyakdak oyakd maàj+ Fkf `nifc ynk}ak mayfwama jomn` wnkd~kbfak vakd

àfk ~k}~h hnrnwaha}ak rfkd`n hnv, rnwny}f }nyeamf hn}fha j~r~c jnkrnwaha}f

rni~ac komn+ J~r~c mawa} jnkdd~kahak komn vakd mfrnwaha}f ~k}~h jny~rah

hnajakak eayfkdak vakd r~mac mfeajfk rnbaya hnrn`~y~cak+ Rni~ac komn mawa}

jny~rah hnyaracarfaak }nycamaw wnrak vakd }nàc mfhfyfj maàj rfr}nj mak

jnja`r~hak wnkdah~ak }nycamaw wnrak vakd mf }fji~`hak mayf ininyawa komn+

F\+2+9+ Wafytfrn hnvfkd

Wafytfrn hnvfkd }acak }nycamaw komn vakd mfrnwaha}f mnkdak y~akd `fkh~w

vakd }nyia}ar wama jarfkd*jarfkd h~kbf+ Mnkdak Wafytfrn hnvfkd jarfkd*jarfkd

warakdak komn inyiadaf h~kbf vakd inyinma+ Eamf, cakva komn vakd mfrnwaha}f

vakd jnjwnkday~cf wnrak rnin`~j mak rnr~mac mfhfyfj hn a}a~ mayf komn f}~+

@a`~`fk}ar àfkkva }fmah mf}nyfja+ Wafytfrn hnvfkd jnkvnmfahak hnajakak vakd

`nifc iafh mfiakmfkd kn}toyh rcaynm hnvfkd+

F\+2+2+ Dy~w Hnvfkd

Rnhnòjwoh h~kbf vakd jnkrnwaha}f ak}aya kn}toyh rcaynm hnvfkd mak

wafytfrn hnvfkd+ Rni~ac rfkd`n hnv mfiadf ak}aya h~jw~àk komn mak mfd~kahak

wama rnj~a c~i~kdak mfak}aya m~a komn maàj hnòjwoh f}~+ Wnjfracak

maàj hnòjwoh j~kdhfk mfi~a} mfmarayhak wama }njwa}, }owoòdf eayfkdak,

a}a~ wnyrajaak l~kdrf+ Hn~k}~kdak mayf Dyo~w hnvfkd amaàc iacta Dyo~whnvfkd jnkvnmfahak r~a}~ }yamnoll mfak}aya kn}toyh rcaynm hnvfkd mak wafytfrn

hnvfkd, mnkdak cajia}ak vakd jnjfcah wama hnrnwaha}ak komn ~k}~h ifava

vakd `nifc ynkmac mfiakmfkd wafytfrn hnvfkd+

F\+2+=+ Wnkmnha}ak Dai~kdak # Cviyfm awwyoabcnr&

Ininyawa rfr}nj mawa} jnkdd~kahak dai~kdak mayf jomn` wnkd~kbfak

rnbaya inyrja*raja maàj aw`fharf vakd raja+ Rniadaf bok}oc, hf}a j~kdhfk

91



jnkdd~kahak wafytfrn hnvfkd ~k}~h rn`~y~c c~i~kdak ak}aya komn mak

wakdhaàk iarfr #iarn r}a}fok& mak jnkdd~kahak kn}toyh rcaynm hnvfkd ~k}~h

c~i~kdak vakd àfkkva+

F\+= Fjw`njnk}arf

Wnyaà}ak vakd rnr~f mnkdak cayawak hnajakak mfa}ar amaàc A}jn` U*@fkh

}yakrbnf|ny X1Z mak Jo}oyoà JB12169X<Z mfjaka jnkm~h~kd r}akmay FNNN

379+1>+= ~k}~h àwfrak lfrfh vakd jnknk}~hak loyja} mak lynhtnkrf wahn} yamfo,

taà~w~k }fmah rn`~y~ckva jny~wahak iadfak r}akmay jnmfa abbnrr bok}yo`+ Ca`

vakd cay~r mf}nyawhak mnkdak ownyarf hnajakak wama jfhyohok}yo`ny amaàc

inyfk}nyahrf mnkdak wnyakdha} hnajakak FNNN 379+1>+=+ Bcfwbok BB9=97

jny~wahak wnyakdha} hnyar vakd jnkm~h~kd wyfjf}fl hyfw}odyalf vakd

jnkdfufkhak ownyarf iadf àwfrak wnyakdha} r}akmay FNNN 379+1>+= vakd

jnkdfh~}f rwnrflfharf }nyrni~}+

Fjw`njnk}arf wnyakdha} hnyar mayf r}akmay fkf jnjw~kvaf kfàf vakd

`nifc ~k}~h jnkvnmnycakahak wnhnyeaak wnji~a} aw`fharf+ Wnkakdakak ownyarf

hyfw}odyalf maàj wnyakdha} hnyar jnjinyfhak hniniarhak jfhyohok}yo`ny mayf

wnyjfk}aak hni~}~cak ahak rfr}nj vakd yna` }fjn ~k}~h jnkmnhyfwrf mak

jnkdnkhyfwrf wahn}+

\+ Wnk~}~w

@awfrak jnmfa abbnrr bok}yo` wama àwfrak wfrfh mayf r}yakmay FNNN

379+1>+= jny~wahak ink}nkd mayf hnajakak wama ufdinn mnkdak jnkdd~kahak

a`doyf}ja hyfw}odyalf mayf ANR+ Mnkdak iakvah wf`fcak yakdhafak hnajakakjnjinyfhak hnj~macak ~k}~h waya wnkdd~ka wnyakdha} ufdinn maàj

jnkdajakhak ma}a vakd ama jnà`~f aw`fharf ufdinn }nyrni~}+

]awf ama ca` wnk}fkd vakd wny`~ wnk~`fr rajwafhak iacta hnajakak

wama ufdinn fkf jarfc ynk}ak }nycamaw rnyakdak mfhaynkahak r}akmay mayf

rwnrflfharf FNNN 379+1>+= vakd jarfc baba} fkf }nyi~h}f mayf ininyawa wnkn`f}fak

vakd mfàh~hak }nycamaw aw`fharf vakd inyeaàk waya ufdinn }nyrni~}+ O`nc

99



haynka f}~ wayakbakd aw`fharf ufdinn mf cayawhak mawa} jnjwnyiafhf

hnh~yakdak vakd ama wama rfr}nj hnjakak ufdinn }nyrni~}+

Mal}ay W~r}aha

X1Z A}jn` a}3<yl917 u*`fkh }yakrbnf|ny ma}a rcnn}+c}}w5//ttt+a}jn`+boj/mvk/ynro~ybnr/wyommob~jnk}r/mob>722+wml,977=+

X9Z Ba`àtav, Nm+, ‐@ot Wotny Bokr~jw}fok Lna}~ynr ol }cn FNNN 379+1>+=/Ufdinn@Y*TWAK R}akmay ‚, Jo}oyoà @ai, Lòyfma, 977=+

X2Z Byafd, Tf`faj B+ ‐Tfyn`nrr bok}yo` }ca} rfjw`v toyh‚,Ior}ok ,Awyf` 977=+

X=Z Eok Amajr #Jo}oyoà&, ‐Tca} vo~ rco~`m hkot aio~} }cn UfdInn a``fakbn‚

c}}w5//ttt+ufdinn+oyd/ynro~ybnr/mob~jnk}r/Amajr Cnf`n_RnkroyrNswo

AkacnfjRnw}72_\1_777+ww}+

X>Z Eoak Manjnk, \fkbnk} Yfejnk, ‐Ko}n ok kajfkd‚

c}}w5//bryb+kfr}+do|/Byvw}o]oo`hf}/anr/yfekman`/Yfekman`*ajjnkmnm+wml +

X<Z Jo}oyoà jb12169 ma}arcnn}+c}}w5//n*ttt+jo}oyoà+boj/lf`nr/yl_fl/mob/ma}a_rcnn}/JB12169MR+wml,977=+

X4Z Wnmnyrnk, Joy}nk akm ]cokd, ]cak Hfj ‐Loyja}fok ol Rnb~yn Tfyn`nrr Am*cobRnkroy Kn}toyhr‚, Jar}ny ]cnrfr fk Fkloyja}fok akm Bojj~kfba}fok]nbckoòdv, Admny ^kf|nyrf}v Bo``ndn,Dyfjr}am, E~kn 977=+

X3Z Rar}yv, Ka|nnk akm Tadkny,Ma|fm ‐Rnb~yf}v Bokrfmnya}fokr loy FNNN379+1>+= Kn}toyhr‚, ^kf|nyrf}v ol Ba`floykfa, Inyhn`nv, 977=+

X6Z ]aknia~j, Akmynt R+, ‐Bojw~}ny Kn}toyhr‚, =}c, Wynk}fbn*Ca`` ol Fkmfa,Knt Mn`cf, 117771 9772+

X17Z ]cn Ufdinn a``fakbn+

c}}w5//ttt+ufdinn+oyd X11Z ***, ‐Fk}yom~bn wo}nk}fa` jnjinyr ok }cn }aydn} jayhn}r ol UfdInn akm inknlf}r ol

eofkfkd‚, Njiny Boywoya}fok,Ior}ok,Jav 977=+

92

http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/Adams%20Heile_SensorsExpo%20AnaheimSept03_V1_000.ppt


http://csrc.nist.gov/CryptoToolkit/aes/rijndael/Rijndael-ammended.pdf

http://www.zigbee.org/

http://www.zigbee.org/

http://csrc.nist.gov/CryptoToolkit/aes/rijndael/Rijndael-ammended.pdf



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