Lung Cancer Udah

8/13/2019 Lung Cancer Udah

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LUNG CANCER

Erlina MarfiantiIPD FK UII


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Lung Cancer: Defined

Uncontrolled growth of malignant cells in

one or both lungs and tracheo-bronchial

tree

A result of repeated carcinogenic irritation

causing increased rates of cell replication

Proliferation of abnormal cells leads to

hyperplasia, dysplasia or carcinoma in situ


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What is lung cancer?

Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.

These cells develop into tumors and the tumors disruptthe proper function of the lung.


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Picture of the Lungs


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Lung Cancer in the US

According to 2004 statistics,

there were

173,770 new cases and

160,440 deaths yearly More deaths from lung

cancer than prostate, breast

and colorectal cancers

combined

Decreasing incidence and

deaths in men; continued

increase in women

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

1 3 5 10

New Cases

Deaths


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Women & Lung Cancer

80,660new cases were reported in 2004

- Account for 12 % of all new cases

68,510deaths were reported in 2004

- An increase of 150% between 1974 and

1994

Women are more prone to tobacco effects -

1.5 times more likely to develop lung cancer

than men with same smoking habits


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Etiology

Radiation Exposure

Smoking

Environmental/ OccupationalExposure

Asbestos

Radon

Passive smoke


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Smoking Facts

Tobacco use is theleading cause of lungcancer

87% of lung cancersare related to smoking

Risk related to:

age of smoking onset

amount smoked

gender

product smoked

depth of inhalation


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Metastase

Lymph Nodes, Brain, Liver, Adrenal,

Gland, Bones

40% of metastasis occurs in the

Adrenal Gland


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creening No approved screening test proven to improve survival

or detect localized disease

Clinical studies are under way


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Diagnosis

Physical exam

Chest X-ray

CT Scan

PET Scan

MRI

Sputum sample

Bronchoscopy

Biopsy

Chest Xray

PET Scan

CT Scan


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Primary Risk Factors

Tobacco use

&

Secondhand Smoke


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Cough that does not go away

Breathing trouble, such as shortness of breath

Constant chest pain

Coughing up blood A hoarse voice

Frequent lung infections

Feeling tired all the time

Weight loss with no known cause

Symptoms


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Syndromes/Symptoms secondary

to regional metastases:

Esophageal compression dysphagia

Laryngeal nerve paralysis hoarseness

Symptomatic nerve paralysis Horners

syndrome Cervical/thoracic nerve invasion Pancoast

syndrome

Lymphatic obstruction pleural effusion

Vascular obstruction SVC syndrome

Pericardial/cardiac extension effusion,tamponade


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Two Lung Cancer Cells,

ClassifiedNon Small Cell Lung

Cancer (NSCLC)

Adenocarcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Large Cell Carcinoma

Small Cell Lung

Cancer (SCLC)

Oat Cell

Intermediate

Combined


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Treatment and Staging

NSCLCStage Description Treatment Options

Stage I a/b Tumor of any size is found only in the

lung

Surgery

Stage II a/b Tumor has spread to lymph nodes

associated with the lung

Surgery

Stage III a Tumor has spread to the lymph nodes

in the tracheal area, including chest

wall and diaphragm

Chemotherapy followed

by radiation or surgery

Stage III b Tumor has spread to the lymph nodeson the opposite lung or in the neck

Combination ofchemotherapy and

radiation

Stage IV Tumor has spread beyond the chest Chemotherapy and/or

palliative (maintenance)

care


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SCLC

Limited StageDefined as tumor involvement of one lung, themediastinum and ipsilateral and/or contralateralsupraclavicular lymph nodes or disease that can

be encompassed in a single radiotherapy port.

Extensive Stage

Defined as tumor that has spread beyond one

lung, mediastinum, and supraclavicular lymphnodes. Common distant sites of metastases arethe adrenals, bone, liver, bone marrow, andbrain.


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Conclusion

Smoking cessation is essential for

prevention of lung cancer.

New screening tools under way.

Clinical trials under way.

New treatments under way.

Treatment can palliate symptoms andimprove quality of life.

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Lung Cancer Udah

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