LAPORAN PRAKTI KUM KI MIA ANORG A NIK “P embu atan Ga ram Mo hr… · · 2013-04-14Garam- ga...

KINAGRONA AIMIK MUKITKARP NAROPAL

”rhoM maraG nataubmeP“

: nesoD

iS.M ,ihdayiR idA

: helo silutiD

feinaH ydauF 7000006900111

2 kopmolek nakeR

onosibiW ainruK inaD obradiW hilfuM osotnaS

atpeS adnaW

AIMIK MUIROTAROBAL

)TLP( UDAPRET MUIROTAROBAL TASUP

IGOLONKET NAD SNIAS SATLUKAF ,AIMIK NASURUJ

ATRAKAJ HALLUTYADIH FIRAYS )NIU( IRGEN MALSI SATISREVINU

1102

feinaH ydauF kinagronA aimiK naropaL

IGOLONKET NAD SNIAS SATLUKAF AIMIK NIU firayS atrakaJ hallutayadiH

FEINAH YDAUF kinagronA aimiK 2

RHOM MARAG NATAUBMEP HN( 4)2 OS(eF 4)2 H6. 2O

111( feinaH ydauF 00 )70000069 1

.I NAUJUT

HN( taflus muinomma )II( iseb uata rhoM marag taubmeM 4)2 OS(eF 4)2 H6. 2O

natural malad eF radak nakutnenem nagned latsirK nainrumek radak nakutneneM

rhom marag

.II IROET NASADNAL

hitup anrawreb magol halada inrum gnay iseB - aI .tail nad hukuk gnay ,karep rubelem

5351 adap o halmujes gnudnagnem iseb aynasaib ,inrum gnay laisremok iseb tapadret gnaraJ .C

taZ .tifarg tikides atres ,iseb irad adiflus nad adifsof ,adisilis ,adibrak licek - ini ramecnep taz

.iseb rutkurts nataukek malad gnitnep nanarep nakniamem masA .naktingamid tapad iseB

marag naklisahid anam adaP .iseb nakturalem recne taflus masa nad takep uata recne adirolk -

.)9791 ,legoV( negordih sag nad )II(iseb marag

maraG - .natural malad OeF ,adisko )II( iseb irad naknurutid oref uata )II( iseb marag

araG m- eF noitak gnudnagnem ini marag +2 tapad )II( iseb noI .uajih tikides anrawreb nad

nikameS .tauk gnay iskuderep taz nakapurem akam ,)III( iseb idajnem nakisadiskoid hadum

masa gnaruk natural ab asab uata larten anasaus malad aynkefe halatayn nikames ,uti nakh

tikides surah )II( iseb natural akaM .)II( iseb noi nakisadiskognem naka refsomta irad negisko

.)5891 ,onoiteS( amal kjaga gnay utkaw kutnu napmisid nigni alib masa

marag nagned gnubagreb tapad taflus )II( iseb maraG - ,ilakla marag irad taflus marag

em iagabes nakrabmagid tapad gnay mumu sumur nagned pakgnar marag utaus kutnebm

M2 OS(eF 4) 6.H2 magol irad lobmis nakapurem M anamid ,O - nad sC ,bR ,K itrepes ,magol

HN .4 utiay kitnedi uata amas gnay noina nagned marag aud nagnubag nakapurem ini sumuR

M2 OS 4 OSeF 4 H6. 2 .O

11 awsisahaM atrakaJ hallutayadiH firayS NIU .igolonkeT nad sniaS satlukaF ,aimiK nasuruJ ,III retsemes




HN halada M nagned pakgnar marag kutnU 4 )II( iseb lom halmuj nagned taubid gna ,

rhom maraG .rhom marag nagned lanekid ini lisah akam ,amas taflus muinomma nad taflus

anamid ,muinomma nad )II( iseb irad taflus marag audek nakrupmacnem nagned taubid

gnisam - .masa tikides nakhabmatid )II( iseb adap nad hunej ipamas nakturalid marag gnisam

gnay latsirk helorepid naka sata id marag audek adap narupmac lisah nanignidnep taas adaP

uribek uajih anrawreb - da nial kadit rhom maraG .nilkonom kutneb nagned naurib marag hala

HN( lukelom sumur nagned taflus muinomma )II( iseb pakgnar 4)2 4OSeF . H6 2 uata O

HN( 4)2 )4OS( 2. H6 2 .)7002 ,sizA( O

nad taflus iseb irad pakgnar marag nakapurem ,taflus muinomma iseb ,rhom maraG

HN[ lukelom sumur nagned taflus muinomma 4]2 OS[]eF[ 4]2 iakusid hibel rhom maraG .O2H6·

helo huragnepret hadum kadit rhom marag anerak isartit sesorp kutnu taflus )II( iseb adap irad

)II( iseb nakgnidnabid sabeb aradu helo isadiskoret hadum kadit /aradau id sabeb negisko

( taflus tlas_rhoM/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.ne//:ptth .)

samekret aynnusuynep noi uata ,lukelom ,mota gnay natadap utaus halada latsirK

riac taz ,mumu araceS.isnemid agit araces rabelem gnalureb aynalop nad rutaret araces

akitek latsirk kutnebmem asib aynlisah ,laedi isidnok adaP .natadamep sesorp imalagnem

mota aumes gnay ,laggnut latsirk apureb - uata isik adap ”gnasapret“ aynnatadap malad mota

natlumis araces kutnebret latsirk nakaynabek ,mumu araces ,ipat ,amas gnay latsirk rutkurts

gnem aggnihes iumet atik gnay magol nakaynabek ,aynlasiM .nilatsirkilop natadap naklisah

irahes - nariac utaus irad kutnebret naka gnay anam latsirk rutkurtS.latsirkilop nakapurem irah

nanaket nad ,natadamep idajret akitek isidnok ,iridnes aynnariac aimik adap gnutnagret

.isasilatsirk iagabes lanekid nilatsirk rutkurts aynkutnebret sesorP .neibma

rhom marg ,adum uajih anrawreb latsirk kutnebreb rhom marag mumu araceS

HN( sumur iaynupmem 4)2 OS 4 H(eF[. 2 )O 6 OS] 4 )II( iseb marag nagned nakgnidnabid alibapA .

I( iseb uata adiflus )II( iseb uti nialeS .aradu idlibats hibel ini rhom marag latsirk ,adirolk )I




sumur nagned pakgnar marag kutnebmem tapad ilakla irad taflus marag nagned taflus

OS(eFgM 4 H6.) 2 HN uata sC ,bR ,K itrepes nial ilakla magol nagned nupuata O 4.

nagned alibapA gnisam ,amas gnay lom halmuj - nakturalid taflus )II( iseb irad gnisam

masa tikides nakturalid taflus )II( iseb malad ek nakgnades ,sanap ria maladid hunej iapmas

kutnebreb marag idajnem latsirkgnem naka nanignidnep sesorp adaP .rupmacid aidumek taflus

tsirk ay nilkonom la .nauribek kaga uajih anrawreb gn

.III TALA NAD NAHAB

: nahaB

iseb kubreS

%01 taflus masA

takep ainommA

talA :

lm 052 nad lm 001 alaip saleG

lm 05 ruku saleG

lm 01 ruku tepiP

kitilana acareN

gniras satreK

ria sagnanep uata etalp toH

gnoroC

torpmes lotoB




.VI AJREK RUDESORP

.1 A natural nataubmeP

kitilana nagnabmit nakanuggnem nagned g 5,3 iseb kubres gnabmiT

H( taflus masa nagned iseb kubres nakturaL 2 OS 4 % 01 )

tural ripmah iseb kubres iapmas naksanaP

sanap hisam akitek natural gniraS

es nakhabmaT etartlif adap taflus masa tikid

natural naakumrepid latsirk kutnebret iapmas etartlif nakpaU

.2 B natural nataubmeP

H lm 05 naklarteN 2 OS 4 takep ainomma nagned %01

HN( natural nakpaU 4)2 OS 4 hunej iapmas

.3 narupmacneP

B natural nad A naturual nakrupmaC

se malad( adum uajih anrawreb latsirK kutnebret aggnih natural naknigniD

)utab

malad ilabmek nakturalem arac nagned naktapadid inrum gnay rhoM maraG

sanap ria tikides

igal latsirkgnem nakraiB

tapadid gnay rhom marag gnabmiT




.V NATAMAGNEP ATAD

kubres toboB iseb : g 5.3 mar

gniras satreK : g 65.0 )a( mar

H( takep taflus masa nakrecnegneM 2 OS 4 :arac nagned ,lm 001 %01 idajnem %69 )

M1 V. 1 M= 2 V. 2

69 %. V1 01= %. lm 001

V1 = 0001

69

V1 = H( lm 4.01 2 OS 4)

lasrevinu rotacidni nakanuggnem nagned 7 larten B natural Hp

rhom marag + gniras satrek tobob : 58.31 )b( marg

naklisahid gnay rhom marag tobob b : -a

.31 58 g – = g 65.0 marg 92.31

.IV NAGNUTIHREP ATAD

.a rhom marag lom iracneM ( rM , HN 4)2 OS(eF 4)2 H6. 2 O = 93 2

HN( 4)2 OS 4 H 6 + eF + 2 O HN( → 4 OS2) 4 H(eF[. 2 )O 6 OS] 4

)amas aynneisifeok anrak( rhom marag lom = eF loM ,idaJ

= eF loM asam kubres isebrA eF

=eF loM 3.5 rg65

=eF lom 350.0 : rhom marag lom akam 350.0

.b am iracneM marag ass rhom

rhoM assaM rhoM lom = rhoM rM x

= 293 x 350.0

= marg 677.02




.c rhom marag nainrumeK

nainrumek esatnesorP = 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠 𝐫𝐡𝐨𝐦 𝐧𝐚𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠 𝐫𝐡𝐨𝐦 𝐢𝐫𝐨𝐞𝐭

= 𝟑𝟏 . 𝟗𝟐𝟎𝟐 . 𝟔𝟕𝟕

𝐱 𝟎𝟎𝟏 %

36 = %

.IIV NASAHABMEP

naktabilem fitatilauk kinagrona sisilana malad nakanugid gnay iskaer ilakes kaynaB

esaf utaus iagabes irid nakhasimem gnay taz halada napadnE .napadne nakkutnebmep

nad ,diolok uata )nilatsirk( latsirk apureb nikgnum napadnE .natural irad raulek tadap

tapad itrepes ,)egufirtnes( nagnisumep uata nagniraynep nagned natural irad nakraulekid

.rhom marag nataubmep inkay ini naabocrep adap nakukalid gnay

noitak aud gnudnagnem aynlatsirk isik malad gnay marag halada pakgnar maraG

etret isroporp nagned adebreb gnay kutnebmem hadum hibel aynasaib pakgnar maraG .utn

marag nagned nakgnidnabid raseb latsirk - latsirK hotnoC.aynnusuynep laggnut marag

halada pakgnar marag ,rhom marag muinomma )II( iseb inkay ini naabocrep adap gnay

.taflus

ubid rhom marag ini mukitkarp adaP natural nad taflus masa nagned iseb iskaer irad ta

duskaM .kubres iseb halada ini naabocrep malad nakanugid gnay iseB .kainoma

gnidnabreb iskaer ujal anerak ,iskaer tapecrepmem halada ini kubres iseb naanuggnep

naakumrep saul nagned surul .taz abocrep naD iramel malad nakukalid aynaumes ini na

nahab nakanuggnem anrak masa - nay amora nad takep gnay nahab naka g

nad dradnats nakapurem inI .nakitkarp nakayahabmem rp utas halas o .bal ytefas rudes

nupadA amatrep hakgnaL eb nakiskaerem inkay A natural taubmem nagned is

H2 OS 4 H sag nakgnalihgnem kutnu aynnaksanamem naidumek , 2 tapecrepmem nad

eF noi nakutnebmep +2 .nauajihek anrawreb rulbah aynkutnebret nagned iadnatid gnay




naklisahid gnay etartlif ,gnoroc nad gniras satrek nagned gniras tural iseb kubres haleteS

H tikides nakhabmat 2 OS 4 nakgnalihgnem kutnu igal naksanapid naidumeK .takep

.natural naklasirkgnem nad rotognep kutnu halada nagniraynep irad naujut nupadA

nasanamep irad naujut nad hadner gnay uhus adap latsirk aynkutnebret iradnihgnem

gabes halada halada ripmah aggnihes iskaer aynidajret tapecrepmem kutnu utiay silatak ia

ignarugnem kutnu naujut nagned nakpauid suret ini naturaL .turalem tapad iseb aumes

: idajret gnay iskaer nupadA .natural adap ada gnay ria lukelom

eF )s( H + 2 OS 4 )qa( OSeF → )qa( 4 H + ( 2 )g

aud ek hakgnaL B natural taubmem inkay H naklartenem 2 OS 4 HN nagned 3 aggniheS .

HN( natural naklisahid 4)2 OS 4 .)larten( 7=Hp nagned halet natural iuhategnem kutnU

.lasrevinu rotacidni satrek nakanuggnem nakitkarp larten H nalartenep sesorP 2 OS 4 pukuc

abocnem nakitkarp ,larten idajnem takep nad tauk masa natural naklartenem anrak tilus

hisam gnadakret aynlisah gnay lasrevinu rotacidni satrek nakanuggnem ilak aparebeb

haleteS .asab idajnem nakhab masa naturaL ini larten pmas naksanapid naidumek ia

es idajnem emulov( hunej ayntapmerep HN nakpaugnem kutnu naujut nagned ) 3 gnay

H nagned iskaereb kadit nikgnum 2 OS 4. : idajret gnay iskaer nupadA

HN2 )qa( 3 H + 2 OS )qa( 4 HN( → 4)2 OS )qa( 4

. B nad A natural narupmacnep halada ayntujnales sesorP A natural narupmacneP

B nagned aggnih marag kutnebret halet( nauajihek hinrej anrawreb natural kutnebret

apureb rhom marag latsirk kutnebret aggnihes naknignidid naidumek ini naturaL .)rhom

ned eF aynada anerak nauribek uajih anrawreb gnay nilkonom latsirk HN( nag 4)2 OS 4 gnay

.skelpmok awaynes kutnebmem : idajret gnay isaker nupadA

OSeF 4 HN( + 4)2 OS 4 H6 + 2 O HN( → 4)2 OS(eF 4)2 H6. 2O




ini naabocrep malad nakitkarp naklisahid gnay rhom maraG g 92.31 nakgnades ,

iapacnem aynsurahes sitiroet nagnutihrep lisah turunem g 677.02 nainrumek aggnihes .

ini kitkarp adap naktapadid gnay rhom marag %36 lah aparebeb nakanerakid ini laH .

: aynaratnaid

nagned naturalep taas adap ,tural muleb gnay ada hisam naigabes iseb kubreS

,%01 taflus masa

nasanamep utkaw satisnetni ayngnaruK ,iseb kubres naturalep taas

hisam aggnihes ,kudaid kadit ,iseb kubres naturalep taas adap kinakem rotcaF

,tural kadit gnay iseb kubres naigabes ada

.srorre namuH

.IIIV NALUPMISEK

taflus nad muinoma nagil nagned iseb skelpmok awaynes nakapurem rhoM maraG

nagned HN( lukelom sumur 4)2 OS(eF 4)2 H6 . 2O

,napaugnep iulalem utiay ,isasilatsirk arac nagned nakukalid rhom marag nataubmeP

,adum uajih anrawreb latsirk naktapadid nad

%36 nainrumek nagned ,marg 92.31 naktapadid gnay rhom maraG




.XI NARIPMAL - NAABOCREP NARIPMAL

otoF - : rhom marag nataubmep mukitkarp otof

A naturaL nataubmeP

H nataubmeP 2 OS 4 takep marg 5.3 iseb kubres takep naturaL

masa iramel malad mukitkarp sesorP iseb kubres nakturalem iseb kubres nakturalem




eF natural isnatakeD etartlif OSeF 4 OSeF iseb latsirK 4

B naturaL

lasrevinu Hp rotacidnI ainomma nahunejneP )larten natural( 7 Hp




B nagned A natural narupmacneP

rhom marag nanignidneP rhom marag nagniraynep

NAAYNATREP NABAWAJ

.1 masa nahabmanep naujut apA ?etartlif adap taflus

aynnaujuT atsirk aynkutnebret iradnihgnem kutnu hadner gnay uhus adap l silatak iagabes

turalem tapad iseb aumes ripmah aggnihes iskaer aynidajret tapecrepmem kutnu utiay

.2 rhom marag isgnuf apA ?

patet ,isgnuf kaynab iaynupmem rhom maraG : kutnu nakanugid aynasaib rhom marag i eF ukab natural taubmem kutnU +2 .irtemulov sisilana igab

kitengam narukugnep malad isarbilakgnep taz iagabeS

K rotadisko isadiskognem ayad naturu naklamarem kutnU 2 rC 2O7 OnMK , 4 OrBK nad 3

amas gnay isartnesnok nagned( eF noi padahret )N 1,0 ~ .+2

.3 ini naabocrep malad tapadret gay iskaer aumes siluT ?

eF )s( H + 2 OS 4 )qa( OSeF → )qa( 4 H + )g( 2

HN2 )qa( 3 H + 2 OS )qa( 4 HN( → 4)2 OS )qa( 4

OSeF 4 HN( + 4)2 OS 4 H6 + 2 O HN( → 4)2 OS(eF 4)2 H6. 2O




.X AKATSUP RATFAD

.9891 .nosnikiW dna nottoC IU :atrakaJ .rasaD kinagronA aimiK - .sserP

firayS NIU .kinagronA aimiK : mukitkarP nutnuneP .1102.iS.M ,dilahC laidaY irS

hallutayadiH - atrakaJ .sserP

orkimimeS nad orkaM fitatilauK kinagronA sisilanA skeT ukuB :legoV .0991 .G ,alhevS

TP :atrakaJ .I naigaB .akasuP aideM namlaK

marag/21/0102/moc.topsgolb.lnawa//:ptth - lmth.rhom

ag/70/11/0102/moc.sserpdrow.licekiniainud//:ptth mar - /rhom

tlas_rhoM/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.ne//:ptth .

moc.elgoog.www

marag/11/0102/moc.topsgolb.elazirfas//:ptth - rhom - lmth.o2h624hn

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