Laporan Kimia Dasar 2-Rev 2013
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 1
MATERI 1
KINETIKA KIMIA
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Waktu :
Kelompok : Asisten :
I. Pengaruh Konsentrasi terhadap Kecepatan Reaksi
1. Pengarh konsentrasi HCl
Tabung reaksi ke- Perubahan warna Waktu (s)
1 dan 6
2 dan 5
3 dan 4
Pembahasan hasil percobaan
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2. Pengaruh konsentrasi Na2S2O3
Tabung reaksi ke- Perubahan warna Waktu (s)
1 dan 6
2 dan 5
3 dan 4
Pembahasan konsentrasi Na2S2O3
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II. Pengaruh Suhu terhadap Kecepatan Reaksi
1. Pengaruh suhu terhadap reaksi HCl + Na2S2O3
Tabung reaksi ke- Suhu (°C) Perubahan warna Waktu (s)
1 dan 6 100
2 dan 5 50
3 dan 4 25
Laporan Kimia Dasar II 2
Pembahasan hasil percobaan
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2. Pengaruh suhu terhadap reaksi (COOH)2 + KMnO4
Tabung reaksi ke- Suhu (°C) Perubahan warna Waktu (s)
1 dan 6 100
2 dan 5 50
3 dan 4 25
Pembahasan hasil percobaan
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III. Pengaruh Katalis terhadap Kecepatan Reaksi
1. Adanya penambahan MnSO4 (katalis dari luar)
Tabung reaksi ke- Perubahan warna Waktu (s)
1
2
3
Pembahasan hasil percobaan
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2. Adanya autokalatis
Tabung reaksi ke- Perubahan warna Waktu (s)
1
2
Pembahasan hasil percobaan
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 3
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Simpulan
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Pertanyaan
1. Jelaskanlah apakah yang dimaksud dengan katalis dan bagaimana katalis dapat mepercepat laju
reaksi?
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2. Jelaskanlah bagaimana kenaikan suhu dapat mempercepat laju reaksi?
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3. Sebutkanlah faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi laju reaksi (selain yang kita amati) dan
bagaimana pengaruh faktor tersebut terhadap laju reaksi?
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 4
MATERI 2
KESETIMBANGAN KIMIA: VOLUME DAN KONSENTRASI
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Waktu :
Kelompok : Asisten :
1. Warna larutan KSCN adalah ……………………………………………………………………..
2. Warna larutan FeCl3 adalah ………………………………………………………………………
3. Warna larutan campuran adalah …………………………………………………………………..
4. Isilah tabel berikut ini:
Tabung Komponen yang diubah Parameter
1 Pembanding Perubahan warna :
Nilai absorbans :
2 [SCN] diperkecil/diperbesar* Perubahan warna :
Nilai absorbans :
3 [Fe3+
] diperkecil/diperbesar* Perubahan warna :
Nilai absorbans :
4 [Fe3+
] diperkecil/diperbesar* Perubahan warna :
Nilai absorbans :
5 Pengenceran.pemekatan* Perubahan warna :
Nilai absorbans :
5. Pada tabung no. 2, reaksi yang terjadi adalah …………………………………………………
dan kesetimbangan bergeser ke arah ……………………………………………………………...
6. Pada tabung no. 3, reaksi yang terjadi adalah …………………………………………………
dan kesetimbangan bergeser ke arah ……………………………………………………………...
7. Pada tabung no. 4, reaksi yang terjadi adalah …………………………………………………
dan kesetimbangan bergeser ke arah ……………………………………………………………...
8. Pada tabung no. 2, kesetimbangan bergeser ke arah ………………………………………….......
Pembahasan
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 5
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 6
MATERI 3
ASAM, BASA, DAN GARAM
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Waktu :
Kelompok : Asisten :
I. Asam dan Larutan Asam
1. Pengaruh asam pada logam
Apakah perubahan yang terjadi antara logam dengan semua asam sama? Jika iya, bagaimanakah
perubahan yang teramati? Jelaskan!
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Intensitas hasil pengamatan*
Logam + HCl 6M + H3PO4 6M + CH3COOH6 M
Mg
Zn
Cu
*tunjukkan dengan + hingga +++++
2. Pengaruh konsentrasi asam pada laju reaksi
Bagaimanakah pengaruh konsentrasi asam terhadap laju reaksinya dengan logam Mg? Jelaskan!
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II. Basa dan larutan Asam
1. Tuliskan reaksi yang terjadi antara NaOH dan HCl
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2. Kelarutan NaOH dalam air (larut/tidak larut)*
Perubahan warna lakmus biru ___________________________
Perubahan warna lakmus merah ___________________________
Perubahan suhu ___________________________
Dengan demikian proses pelarutan NaOH bersifat (eksoterm/endoterm)*
Laporan Kimia Dasar II 7
3. Kelarutan Na2CO3 dalam air (larut/tidak larut)*
Perubahan warna lakmus biru ___________________________
Perubahan warna lakmus merah ___________________________
Perubahan suhu ___________________________
Dengan demikian proses pelarutan Na2CO3 bersifat (eksoterm/endoterm)*
III. Reaksi Asam, Basa, dan Garam
1. Netralisasi asam
HCl 0,10 M H2SO4 0,10M CH3COOH 0,1M
Jumlah tetes NaOH
Hingga berubah warna
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Komentar
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2. Reaksi Campuran Garam
Tuliskan hasil pengamatan dan reaksi yang terjadi pada campuran
a. FeCl3 + CoCl2
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b. CoCl2 + Na2CO3
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c. Na2CO3 + CuSO4
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d. CuSO4 + Na3PO4
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e. Na3PO4 + NiCl2
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 8
MATERI 4
PENGUKURAN pH
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Waktu :
Kelompok : Asisten :
I. Kalibrasi pH meter
1. Jelaskan mengapa pH-meter sebaiknya dikalibrasi terlebih dahulu menggunakan buffer standar
sebelum digunakan untuk pengukuran pH contoh!
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2. Kapan kita perlu mengalibrasi pH-meter dengan 2 nilai pH?
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II. Indikator
Isilah tabel berikut berdasarkan hasil percobaan anda
Indikator Warna dalam
asam
Warna dalam
basa
Warna dalam
air
Warna HInd Warna Ind-
Kisaran perubahan warna berdasarkan hasil percobaan
Indikator 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Lakmus
merah biru
Laporan Kimia Dasar II 9
Urutan kekuatan asam dari kelima indikator di atas
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Simpulan
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Perbandingan pengamatan pada indikator yang sama
Indikator yang dipilih : 1. ..........................................
2. ..........................................
Perubahan warna
(warna Hind-warna Ind-)
Kisaran perubahan warna
Pengamatan anda Pengamatan teman
1.
2.
Contoh bahan alami berwarna
Nama bahan ...........................................................................
Warna mula-mula ..................................................................
Jika diperlukan
Contoh teman ……………………………………………....
Warna mula-mula …………………………………………..
Zat Warna dalam
asam
Warna dalam
basa
Warna dalam
air Warna HInd Warna Ind
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Kisaran perubahan warna indikator alami
Indikator 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Zat asli bersifat asam atau basa? ……………………………
Pengukuran pH ……………………………………………...
Laporan Kimia Dasar II 10
III. Penetuan pH
1. pH air
pengukuran pH dengan beberapa indikator terhadap air deion yang dipanaskan
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
pengukuran pH dengan beberapa indikator terhadap air deion tidak dipanaskan
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
pengukuran pH dengan beberapa indikator terhadap air keran
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Perbandingan pengukuran pH air
Larutan
indikator
Indikator
universal pH-meter
Air deion yang dipanaskan ___________ ___________ ___________
Air deion tidak dipanaskan ___________ ___________ ___________
Air keran ___________ ___________ ___________
Jelaskan perbedaan pH yang terjadi pada beberapa sampel air
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 11
Komentar mengenai pengukuran pH menggunakan beberapa larutan indikator, indikator universal,
dan pH-meter. Adakah ketidaksesuaian? Jelaskan baik jika ada dan tidak ada
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2. Memperkirakan pH asam, basa, garam, dan buffer
Larutan Sebelum penambahan HCl Sesudah penambahan HCl
HCl ______________________ ______________________
NaOH ______________________ ______________________
NH4OH ______________________ ______________________
NH4Cl ______________________ ______________________
Campuran NH4OH + NH4Cl ______________________ ______________________
Tentukan nilai pH secara teoritis untuk campuran NH4OH + NH4Cl
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Komentar
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 12
MATERI 5
TITRASI ASAM-BASA
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Waktu :
Kelompok : Asisten :
Standardisasi Larutan NaOH
1. Hitunglah konsentrasi larutan NaOH dari prosedur A.3
2. Hitunglah massa KHC8H4O4 untuk standardisasi larutan NaOH (A.4)
Laporan Kimia Dasar II 13
3. Konsentrasi molar larutan asam
Pembahasan
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Simpulan
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 14
MATERI 6
KALORIMETRI
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Waktu :
Kelompok : Asisten :
A. Kalor Jenis Logam
Ulangan 1 Ulangan 2
1. Massa logam (g)
2. Suhu logam (air mendidih) (°C)
3. Massa kalorimeter (g)
4. Massa kalorimeter + air (g)
5. Massa air (g)
6. Suhu air dalam kalorimeter (°C)
7. Suhu maksimum logam dan air dari grafik (°C)
Perhitungan Kalor Jenis dan Massa Molar Logam
1. Perubahan suhu air, ΔT (°C)
2. Kalor yang dicapai air (J)
3. Perubahan suhu logam, ΔT (°C)
4. Kalor jenis logam (J/g·°C)
5. Rerata kalor jenis logam (J/g·°C)
6. Contoh perhitungan
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 15
B. Entalpi Reaksi Netralisasi Asam-Basa
HCl + NaOH HNO3 + NaOH
Data 1 Data 2 Data 1 Data 2
1. Perubahan suhu air, ΔT (°C)
2. Kalor yang dicapai air (J)
3. Perubahan suhu logam, ΔT (°C)
4. Kalor jenis logam (J/g·°C)
5. Rerata kalor jenis logam (J/g·°C)
Perhitungan Entalpi reaksi Netralisasi Asam-Basa
HCl + NaOH HNO3 + NaOH
Data 1 Data 2 Data 1 Data 2
1. Rerata suhu awal asam-basa (°C)
2. Perubahan suhu, ΔT (°C)
3. Volume akhir campuran (mL)
4. Massa akhir campuran (g) (ρ = 1.0 g/mL)
5. Kalor jenis campuran 4.8 J/g·°C 4.8 J/g·°C
6. Kalor yang terlibat (J)
7. Mol OH- yang bereaksi, pereaksi pembatas
8. Mol H2O yang terbentuk
9. ΔHn (kJ/mol H2O)
Contoh perhitungan
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 16
C. Entalpi Larutan Dari Pelarutan Garam
Ulangan 1 Ulangan 2
1. Massa garam (g)
2. Mol garam (mol)
3. Massa kalorimeter (g)
4. Massa kalorimeter + air (g)
5. Massa air (g)
6. Suhu air dalam kalorimeter (°C)
7. Suhu maksimum logam dan air dari grafik (°C)
Perhitungan Kalor Jenis dan Massa Molar Logam
1. Perubahan suhu larutan, ΔT (°C)
2. Perubahan kalor air (J)
3. Perubahan suhu garam, ΔT (°C)
4. Perubahan entalpi total (J)
5. ΔHn (kJ/mol garam)
6. Rerata ΔHn (kJ/mol garam)
Contoh perhitungan
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 17
Pembahasan
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 18
MATERI 7
REAKSI OKSIDASI-REDUKSI
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Waktu :
Kelompok : Asisten :
I. Reaksi Logam dengan Air dan Asam Klorida
Logam Hasil pengamatan reaksi dengan
Air HCl 4 M
Al
Cu
Fe
Mg
Pb
Zn
Reaksi logam dengan air Reaksi logam dengan HCl
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II. Reaksi logam Al dengan beberapa larutan ion
Larutan Hasil pengamatan
Al Al + HgCl2
CuSO4
FeSO4
HgCl2
MgSO4
NaCl
Pb(NO3)2
ZnSO4
Laporan Kimia Dasar II 19
Pertanyaan
1. Mengapa sebelum direaksikan dengan larutan garam, aluminium harus dibersihkan dengan
amplas?
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2. Tuliskan persamaan reaksi yang terjadi!
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3. Apa maksud pencelupan logam Al ke dalam larutan HgCl2?
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III. Korosi Besi
No. Susunan Pengamatan
1 Paku dihubungkan dengan kutub positif
Karbon dihubungkan dengan kutub negatif
2 Paku dihubungkan dengan kutub negatif
Karbon dihubungkan dengan kutub positif
3 Paku dan karbon tidak dihubungkan
dengan sumber arus
Sebutkan logam yang bertindak sebagai anoda dan katoda pada susunan-susuna di atas
No. Anoda Katoda
1
2
3
Laporan Kimia Dasar II 20
Tuliskan reaksi yang terjadi pada anoda dan katoda masing-masing susunan
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Simpulan
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 21
MATERI 8
SENYAWA ORGANIK
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Waktu :
Kelompok : Asisten :
Uji Kelarutan
Sampel Air CCl4
Beri tanda positif (+) jika larut, dengan intensitas + sampai +++, sedangkan beri tanda (0) jika tidak larut.
Komentar
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Sifat Kimia Senyawa Organik
Sampel I2 KMnO4
Beri keterangan dengan menulis perubahan yang terjadi.
Komentar
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 22
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Pendugaan Senyawa X
Hasil pengamatan
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Komentar
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Laporan Kimia Dasar II 23
MATERI 9
POLIMER
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Waktu :
Kelompok : Asisten :
I. Hasil Pengukuran Awal
Jenis Polimer No. Panjang /P1
(cm)
Lebar /L1
(cm)
Tebal/T1
(cm)
Massa/M1
(g)
Karet Alam
1
2
3
4
5
II. Hasil Pengukuran Setelah Beberapa Waktu
Waktu
(menit) No.
Panjang /P2
(cm)
Lebar /L2
(cm)
Tebal/T2
(cm)
Massa/M2
(g)
1
2
3
4
5
III. Hasil Pengukuran Awal
Waktu
(menit) No.
P1-P2
(cm)
L1-L2
(cm)
T1-T2
(cm)
M1-M2
(g)
1
2
3
4
5
Laporan Kimia Dasar II 24
Pembahasan
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Simpulan
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