LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAMrepository.unika.ac.id/19496/1/14.A1.0113 ANDREAS ADITYA... · 2019. 7....

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

PERIODE LXXIV, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2018/2019

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

HOTEL RESORT DI KAWASAN WISATA ALAM

POSONG, KAB TEMANGGUNG

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh :

Andreas Aditya Nugraha Riyadi

Dosen pembimbing :

Ir. Supriyono, MT

NIDN . 0615025701

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

September 2018

ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

iii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

iv

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN

v

PRAKATA

Puji Syukur Kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat-Nya dapat

menyelesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program dengan judul Hotel Resort di

Kawasan Wisata Alam Posong, Kab. Temanggung sebagai syarat dalam

menyelesaikan program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur ke 74 Program studi

Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Unika

Soegijapranata Semarang.

Landasan Teori dan Program ini dibuat berkat dukungan dan

bantuan berbagai pihak yang terkait. Penulis mengucapkan terimakasih

kepada:

1. Ir. Bambang Suskiyanto, MT, selaku dosen koodinator Proyek Akhir

Arsitektur 74 yang memberi kesempatan dan menyetujui judul

untuk dilanjutkan ke tahap LTP.

2. Ir. Supriyono, MT sebagai dosen pembimbing Proyek Akhir

Arsitektur 74.

3. Kedua orang tua dan keluarga yang telah membantu dan

mendukung baik secara materil dan doa untuk menyelesaikan LTP

Proyek Akhir Arsitektur ke 74.

4. Teman-teman dan banyak pihak yang juga sudah memberi

semangat dan doa dalam menyelesaikan LTP Proyek Akhir

Arsitektur 74.

Berharap melaui disusunnya LTP ini dapat memberi gambaran

secara jelas mengenai Proyek Akhir Arsitektur dengan judul Hotel Resort

di Kawasan Wisata Alam Posong, Kab. Temanggung.

Akhir kata penulis mengucapkan terimakasih.

Semarang, September 2018

Andreas Aditya Nugraha Riyadi

vi

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ......................................................................... ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................ iii

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ................................................... iv

PRAKATA ................................................................................................. v

DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................. vi

DAFTAF GAMBAR .................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR BAGAN .................................................................................... xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ..................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Masalah Desain ................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat ........................................................................................... 2

1.4 Sistematika Pembahasan .................................................................................. 3

BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM ..................................................................... 6

2.1 Gambaran Umum Fungsi Bangunan ................................................................ 6

2.1.1 Definisi ....................................................................................................... 6

2.1.2 Aktifitas ....................................................................................................... 6

2.1.3 Pelaku ........................................................................................................ 6

2.1.4 Fasilitas Penunjang dan Utama ............................................................. 7

2.2 Gambaran Umum Lokasi dan Tapak .............................................................. 7

2.2.1 Alternatif Lokasi 1 ..................................................................................... 8

2.2.2 Alternatif Lokasi 2 ................................................................................... 10

2.2.3 Matriks Pemilihan Tapak ....................................................................... 12

2.3 Gambaran Umum Lingkungan Tapak ............................................................ 13

2.3.1 Kondisi Lingkungan Alam ...................................................................... 13

2.3.2 Kondisi Lingkungan Buatan .................................................................. 14

2.4 Gambaran Umum Lingkungan Sosial – Budaya Tapak .............................. 16

BAB III PEMROGRAMAN ARSITEKTUR .............................................. 17

3.1 Kebutuhan Ruang dan Persyaratan Ruang .................................................. 17

3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas ......................................................................................... 17

3.1.2 Analisis Persyaratan Ruang ................................................................. 27

3.1.3 Analisis Pola Aktivitas Pelaku .............................................................. 30

vii

3.1.4 Jadwal Operasional................................................................................ 39

3.1.5 Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku ................................................................. 39

3.1.6 Analisis Besaran Ruang ........................................................................ 43

3.2 Analisa Studi Preseden .................................................................................... 72

3.3 Analisis Hubungan Ruang................................................................................ 80

1. Pola Hubungan Ruang Resort ............................................................. 80

2. Pola Hubungan Ruang Pengelola ....................................................... 80

3. Pola Hubungan Makro ........................................................................... 81

BAB IV PENYELUSURAN DAN PERNYATAAN MASALAH ................ 82

4.1 Kajian Komprehensif ......................................................................................... 82

4.2 Fokus Permasalahan Desain .......................................................................... 84

4.3 Pernyataan Masalah ......................................................................................... 84

BAB V KAJIAN TEORITIK ..................................................................... 85

5.1 Klasifikasi Hotel ................................................................................................. 85

5.1.1 Jenis Hotel Menurut Kedatangan Tamu ............................................. 85

5.1.2 Jenis Hotel Menurut Lokasi .................................................................. 86

5.1.3 Ruang-ruang pada Hotel ....................................................................... 91

5.1.4 Klasifikasi Kamar Hotel.......................................................................... 95

5.1.5 Konfigurasi Ruang-ruang Tidur ............................................................ 96

5.1.6 Klasifikasi Hotel Berbintang .................................................................. 98

5.2 Lahan Lerengan ............................................................................................... 100

5.2.1 Type Bangunan pada Lahan Lerengan ............................................ 100

5.2.2 Pemilihan Struktur dan Pondasi yang Tepat Pada Lahan Lerengan . ................................................................................................................. 101

5.3 Bambu ............................................................................................................... 103

5.3.1 Macam Jenis Bambu ........................................................................... 103

5.3.2 Pengawetan Bambu ............................................................................. 104

5.3.3 Sambungan Bambu ............................................................................. 105

5.3.4 Membengkokan Bambu ...................................................................... 107

5.4 Arsitektur Organik ............................................................................................ 111

BAB VI PENDEKATAN DESAIN .......................................................... 114

6.1 Penetapan Pendekatan Perancangan sebagai Tema ............................... 114

6.2 Penerapan Arsitektur Organik pada Desain ................................................ 114

BAB VII KONSEP DESAIN ................................................................... 115

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7.1 Konsep Ruang dan Tata Ruang .................................................................... 115

7.2 Konsep Keruangan ......................................................................................... 115

7.3 Konsep Bentuk ................................................................................................. 116

7.4 Konsep Pelingkup ........................................................................................... 118

7.4.1 Penutup Atap ........................................................................................ 118

7.4.2 Pelingkup Dinding ................................................................................ 119

7.4.3 Penutup Lantai ...................................................................................... 120

7.4.4 Penutup Plafon ..................................................................................... 123

7.4.5 Material Bukaan .................................................................................... 123

7.5 Konsep Struktur ............................................................................................... 125

7.5.1 Whole Structure .................................................................................... 125

7.5.2 Sub-Structure ........................................................................................ 125

7.5.3 Upper-Structure .................................................................................... 127

7.6 Konsep Teknologi ............................................................................................ 128

7.7 Konsep Utilitas ................................................................................................. 131

7.7.1 Sistem Penghawaan ............................................................................ 131

7.7.2 Sistem Pencahayaan ........................................................................... 132

7.7.3 Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih ............................................................... 132

7.7.4 Sistem Pengolahan Air Limbah .......................................................... 132

7.7.5 Sistem Pengolahan Air Hujan ............................................................ 133

7.7.6 Sistem Kebakaran ................................................................................ 133

7.7.7 Sistem Jaringan Listrik ........................................................................ 134

7.7.8 Sistem Jaringan Fiber Optik ............................................................... 135

7.7.9 Sistem Sirkulasi Kolam Renang ......................................................... 135

7.8 Konsep Transportasi ....................................................................................... 136

BAB VIII STRATEGI DESAIN ............................................................... 137

DAFTAR PUSATAKA ........................................................................... 139

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DAFTAF GAMBAR

Gambar 2. 1 Area Kawasan Alam Posong ................................................ 7

Gambar 2. 2 Alternatif Lokasi 1 .................................................................. 8

Gambar 2. 3 Alternatif Lokasi 2 ................................................................ 10

Gambar 2. 4 Tapak Terpilih ..................................................................... 12

Gambar 2. 5 Kondisi Lingkungan Buatan ................................................ 13

Gambar 2. 6 Kondisi Lingkungan Alam .................................................... 13

Gambar 2. 7 Kondisi Lingkungan Alam .................................................... 14

Gambar 2. 8 Topografi A-A ...................................................................... 14

Gambar 2. 9 Topografi B-B ...................................................................... 14

Gambar 2. 10 Koondisi Linkungan Tapak ................................................ 15

Gambar 2. 11 Akses Jalan ....................................................................... 15

Gambar 3. 1 Sudut Pandang Horizontal Manusia .................................... 46

Gambar 3. 2 Sudut Pandang Vertikal Manusia ........................................ 47

Gambar 3. 3 Unit Superior ....................................................................... 49

Gambar 3. 4 Suasana Unit Superior ........................................................ 49

Gambar 3. 5 Unit Deluxe ......................................................................... 50

Gambar 3. 6 Suasana Tipe Deluxe .......................................................... 50

Gambar 3. 7 Unit Suites ........................................................................... 51

Gambar 3. 8 Suasana Tipe Suites ........................................................... 51

Gambar 3. 9 Restauran ........................................................................... 52

Gambar 3. 10 Bar & Cafe ........................................................................ 53

Gambar 3. 11 Hall .................................................................................... 54

Gambar 3. 12 Sunrise View ..................................................................... 55

Gambar 3. 13 Poliklinik ............................................................................ 56

Gambar 3. 14 Laundry ............................................................................. 57

Gambar 3. 15 3D Mata Burung Dusun Bambu ........................................ 72

Gambar 3. 16 Peta Penunjuk ................................................................... 73

Gambar 3. 17 Pasar Kathulistiwa ............................................................. 74

Gambar 3. 18 Saung Prabasari ............................................................... 74

Gambar 3. 19 Burangrang Resto ............................................................. 74

Gambar 3. 20 Luthung Kasarung ............................................................. 75

Gambar 3. 21 Children Playground .......................................................... 75

x

Gambar 3. 22 Mini Theater ...................................................................... 76

Gambar 3. 23 Kampung Layung .............................................................. 76

Gambar 3. 24 Kamar di Kampung Layung ............................................... 77

Gambar 3. 25 Interior Kampung Layung .................................................. 77

Gambar 3. 26 Interior Kampung Layung .................................................. 78

Gambar 3. 27 Glamping ........................................................................... 78

Gambar 3. 28 Marine Terrace Resort ...................................................... 78

Gambar 3. 29 Konsep View Marine Terrace Resort ................................ 79

Gambar 3. 30 Konsep Siteplan Marine Terrace Resort ........................... 79

Gambar 3. 31 Hubungan Ruang Resort .................................................. 80

Gambar 3. 32 Hubungan Ruang Pengelola ............................................. 80

Gambar 3. 33 Hubungan Ruang Foodcourt dan Souvenir ....................... 81

Gambar 4. 1 View Pagi Hari..................................................................... 82

Gambar 4. 2 View Siang Hari................................................................... 83

Gambar 4. 3 View Sore Hari .................................................................... 83

Gambar 5. 1 Single-load slab................................................................... 96

Gambar 5. 2 double-load slab .................................................................. 97

Gambar 5. 3 Offset slab ........................................................................... 97

Gambar 5. 4 Rectangular tower ............................................................... 97

Gambar 5. 5 Circular tower ...................................................................... 98

Gambar 5. 6 Triangular Tower ................................................................. 98

Gambar 5. 7 Rumah Split Level dan Sengkedan ................................... 101

Gambar 5. 8 Perbedaan Struktur Bangunan di Lerengan dan Dataran . 101

Gambar 5. 9 Struktur Bangunan di Lerengan ........................................ 102

Gambar 5. 10 Bambu Petung ................................................................ 103

Gambar 5. 11 Bambu Ori ....................................................................... 103

Gambar 5. 12 Bambu Tutul .................................................................... 104

Gambar 5. 13 Bambu Sembilang ........................................................... 104

Gambar 5. 14 Sambungan Balok dan Kolom ......................................... 105

Gambar 5. 15 Sambungan Kolom dan Balok dengan Pasak ................. 106

Gambar 5. 16 Sambungan Horizontal dan Sudut .................................. 106

Gambar 5. 17 Sambungan Rakit ............................................................ 106

xi

Gambar 5. 18 Sambungan Memanjang ................................................. 107

Gambar 5. 19 Cara Membengkokan Bambu Menggunakan Pisau

(Langkah A) ........................................................................................... 108


(Langkah B) ........................................................................................... 108


(Langkah C) ........................................................................................... 108

Gambar 5. 22 Cara Membengkokan Bambu Menggunakan Panas

(Langkah A) ........................................................................................... 109


(Langkah B) ........................................................................................... 109


(Langkah C) ........................................................................................... 110


(Langkah D) ........................................................................................... 110


(Langkah E) ........................................................................................... 110


(Langkah F)............................................................................................ 111


(Langkah G) ........................................................................................... 111

Gambar 7. 1 Konsep Ruang yang diciptakan ........................................ 116

Gambar 7. 2 Falling Water ..................................................................... 117

Gambar 7. 3 Dancing Mountain House .................................................. 117

Gambar 7. 4 Atap Dancing Mountain House ......................................... 117

Gambar 7. 5 Resort Dusun Bambu ........................................................ 118

Gambar 7. 6 Alang-Alang Sintetis .......................................................... 118

Gambar 7. 7 Bata Ekspose .................................................................... 119

Gambar 7. 8 Dinding Bambu.................................................................. 119

Gambar 7. 9 Dinding Batu ..................................................................... 119

Gambar 7. 10 Dinding Roster ................................................................ 120

Gambar 7. 11 Lantai Parquet ................................................................. 120

xii

Gambar 7. 12 Lantai Plester .................................................................. 121

Gambar 7. 13 Ubin Tegel Klasik ............................................................ 121

Gambar 7. 14 Rumput Sintetis ............................................................... 122

Gambar 7. 15 Batu Andesit .................................................................... 122

Gambar 7. 16 Plafon Bambu.................................................................. 123

Gambar 7. 17 Jendela Kaca Kusen Alumunium .................................... 123

Gambar 7. 18 Jendela Bambu Kusen Alumunium ................................. 124

Gambar 7. 19 Jendela Kaca Kusen Kayu .............................................. 124

Gambar 7. 20 Struktur Rangka .............................................................. 125

Gambar 7. 21 Pondasi Batu Kali ............................................................ 125

Gambar 7. 22 Talud Batu Kali ................................................................ 126

Gambar 7. 23 Footplat ........................................................................... 126

Gambar 7. 24 Konstruksi Bambu ........................................................... 127

Gambar 7. 25 Konstruksi Atap Baja ....................................................... 127

Gambar 7. 26 Sistem Pelat Beton dan Balok ......................................... 128

Gambar 7. 27 CCTV .............................................................................. 129

Gambar 7. 28 Solar Water Heater ......................................................... 130

Gambar 7. 29 Cardlock dan ES Switch .................................................. 131

Gambar 7. 30 APAR .............................................................................. 133

Gambar 7. 31 Fire Alarm ....................................................................... 134

Gambar 7. 32 Smoke Detector .............................................................. 134

xiii

DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2. 1 Analisis SWOT Tapak ALternatif 1 ...................................................... 9

Tabel 2. 2 Penilaian Alternatif 1 ......................................................................... 10

Tabel 2. 3 Analisis SWOT Tapak Alternatif 2 ..................................................... 11

Tabel 2. 4 Penilaian Alternatif 2 ......................................................................... 11

Tabel 2. 5 Hasil Penilaian Alternatif Tapak......................................................... 12

Tabel 3. 1 Studi Aktivitas Penghuni ................................................................... 18

Tabel 3. 2 Studi Aktivitas Pengunjung ................................................................ 19

Tabel 3. 3 Studi Aktivitas Pengelola ................................................................... 25

Tabel 3. 4 Studi Aktivitas Khusus ....................................................................... 25

Tabel 3. 5 Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................................................. 26

Tabel 3. 6 Analisis Persyaratan Ruang .............................................................. 29

Tabel 3. 7 Jadwal Operasional........................................................................... 39

Tabel 3. 8 Jumlah Pengelola ............................................................................. 40

Tabel 3. 9 Data Wisatawan Wisata Alam Posong .............................................. 41

Tabel 3. 10 Perhitungan Parkir Tamu Resort ..................................................... 44

Tabel 3. 11 Perhitungan Parkir Pengelola Resort .............................................. 44

Tabel 3. 12 Perhitungan Jumlah Pengunjung .................................................... 45

Tabel 3. 13 Perhitungan Parkir Pengunjung ....................................................... 46

Tabel 3. 14 Kamar Tipe Superior ....................................................................... 49

Tabel 3. 15 Kamar Tipe Deluxe ......................................................................... 50

Tabel 3. 16 Kamar Tipe Suites ........................................................................... 51

Tabel 3. 17 Restaurant ...................................................................................... 52

Tabel 3. 18 Bar & Cafe ...................................................................................... 53

Tabel 3. 19 Hall ................................................................................................. 54

Tabel 3. 20 Sunrise View ................................................................................... 55

Tabel 3. 21 Poliklinik .......................................................................................... 56

Tabel 3. 22 Laundry ........................................................................................... 57

Tabel 3. 23 Perhitungan Fasilitas Privat Tamu ................................................... 58

Tabel 3. 24 Perhitungan Fasilitas Publik Tamu .................................................. 60

Tabel 3. 25 Perhitungan Fasilitas Privat Pengelola ............................................ 67

Tabel 3. 26 Perhitungan Fasilitas Publik Pengelola ........................................... 67

Tabel 3. 27 Perhitungan Fasilitas Servis ............................................................ 69

Tabel 3. 28 Perhitungan Fasilitas Aktivitas Khusus ............................................ 70

Tabel 3. 29 Perhitungan Total Luas Bangunan .................................................. 71

xiv

Tabel 8. 1 Strategi Desain ............................................................................... 138

xv

DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 3. 1 Pola Aktivitas Kedatangan Secara Umum ....................................... 30

Bagan 3. 2 Pola Aktivitas Kepergian Secara Umum .......................................... 30

Bagan 3. 3 Pola Aktivitas Tamu Menginap......................................................... 31

Bagan 3. 4 Pola Aktivitas Tamu Khusus ............................................................ 31

Bagan 3. 5 Pola Aktivitas Tamu Event ............................................................... 32

Bagan 3. 6 Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung Umum (Mobil/Motor) .............................. 32

Bagan 3. 7 Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung Umum (Bus) .......................................... 33

Bagan 3. 8 Pola Aktivitas Owner ........................................................................ 33

Bagan 3. 9 Pola Aktivitas Manager Utama, Sek. Eksekutif & Manager Utama ... 34

Bagan 3. 10 Pola Aktivitas Manager Divisi, Sek. Manager Divis, Divisi Kamar &

Divisi HRD ......................................................................................................... 35

Bagan 3. 11 Pola Aktivitas Divisi Makanan & Minuman, Divisi Marketing .......... 36

Bagan 3. 12 Pola Aktivitas Divisi Keuangan & Divisi Teknisi dan Peralatan ....... 37

Bagan 3. 13 Pola Aktivitas Divisi Transportasi ................................................... 38

Bagan 7. 1 Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih ............................................................ 132

Bagan 7. 2 Sistem Pengolahan Limbah ........................................................... 132

Bagan 7. 3 Sistem Pengolahan Air Hujan ........................................................ 133

Bagan 7. 4 Sistem Jaringan Listrik ................................................................... 135

Bagan 7. 5 Sistem Fiber Optik ......................................................................... 135

Bagan 7. 6 Sirkulasi Kolam Rnang .................................................................. 135

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