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Kimed I, Contoh Soal 1, aza

Tolong dibuat print out, dikerjakan mulai soal No. 4, dan diserahkan sebelum

tanggal 2 No!ember 2"1#

Structure and Function of the Genetic Material: Objectives

1. Define genetics.

2. Define:

Genotype

Phenotype

Gene

3. Describe the DNA molecule.

4. Define.

Antiparallel strands

ense or coding strand

Antisense or non!coding strand

". #ompare and contrast pro$aryotic and eu$aryotic chromosomes.

Structure and Function of the Genetic Material

Genetics is the study of %hat genes are& ho% they carry information& ho% their information is e'pressed& and ho% they arereplicated and passed to subse(uent generations or other organisms.

DNA in cells e'ists as a double!stranded heli' )seeDNA tructure*.

A gene is not +ust a segment of DNA& a gene is a specific se(uence of nucleotides that codes for a functional product&usually a protein.

,hen a gene is e'pressed )gene e'pression* the DNA is transcribed to produce a single!stranded m-NA molecule. hem-NA is then translated into proteins.

/nly one strand of the gene is transcribed ! this is the sense& or coding strand. he opposite strand is the antisense& or non!coding strand.

he DNA in a cell is duplicated )DNA replication* before the cell di0ides so each daughter cell recei0es the same geneticinformation.

Genotype and Phenotype

Genotype is the genetic composition of an organism ! all of its DNA and the genes contained in the DNA.

Phenotype is the result of e'pression of the genes ! the proteins of the cell and the properties they confer on the organism.

http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio225/chap08/DNA%20structure.htmhttp://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio225/chap08/DNA%20structure.htmhttp://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio225/chap08/DNA%20structure.htm

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DNA and Chroosoes

he DNA in a chromosome e'ists as one long double heli' associated %ith 0arious proteins that regulate genetic acti0ity.

acterial DNA is circular the chromosome of E. coli& for e'ample& contains about 4 million base pairs and is appro'imately1 times longer that the cell.

Genomics is the molecular characteriation of genomes.

A genome is the total of an organism5s DNA )and& of course& all of the genes contained in the DNA*.

6nformation contained in an organism5s genome is used %ithin a cell %hen the DNA is transcribed into -NA and translatedinto proteins.

his information is passed on to later generations %hen the DNA is replicated and the cell di0ides.

6nformation may be passed bet%een cells of the same generation by recombination )more on this later*.

1. The physical characteristics of an organism make up the organisms:

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a. Genotype

b. Phenotype

2. An organism detoxifies 2!2. This statement describes the organisms:

a. Genotype

b. Phenotype

". An organism has a gene that codes for catalase. This statement describes the organisms:

a. Genotype

b. Phenotype

#. $hat is a gene%

a. A messenger &'A molecule

b. A collection of codons

c. A segment of ('A )ith a specific nucleotide se*uence

d. A segment of ('A that codes for a specific product

+. $hich of the follo)ing incorrectly describes a ('A molecule%

a. elical

b. Antiparallel

c. ,ingle stranded

d. -ontains the nucleotides A G T and -

/. 0f strands of ('A are said to be antiparallel then they are:

a. Perpendicular

b. -omplementary

c. 0dentical

d. !riented in opposite directions

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. The antisense strand of ('A is:

a. 0dentical to the sense strand

b. The strand that codes for a product

c. -omplementary to the m&'A

d. 0dentical to the m&'A except for haing T )here the m&'A has 3

4. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes are different in that:

a. Prokaryotic chromosomes are single stranded

b. 5ukaryotic chromosomes lack introns

c. Prokaryotic chromosomes are circular

d. Prokaryotic chromosomes consist of chromosomal &'A 6c&'A7

8. The ('A strand in the diagram has t)o ends labeled A and 9. The end labeled A is the + end.

a. True

b. alse