Kelompok 1 Urea

7/24/2019 Kelompok 1 Urea

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THE

INDUSTRIAL

UREAPRODUCTION

PRESENTASI KIMIA

INDUSTRI


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Di Susun Oleh :

Universitas Gadah MadaUrea !

Di susun "leh


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urea "r #ar$a%ide is an "r&ani#

#"%'"und (ith #he%i#al )"r%ula

CO*NH+,+-

urea serves an i%'"rtant r"le in the

%eta$"lis% ") nitr"&en.#"ntainin&

#"%'"unds $/ ani%als and is the

%ain nitr"&en.#"ntainin& su$stan#es

in the urine ") %a%%als-

The s/nthesis ") this "r&ani#

#"%'"und $/ 0riedri#h 1"hler in 23+3

)r"% an in"r&ani# 're#urs"r (as an

i%'"rtant %ilest"ne in the

devel"'%ent ") "r&ani# #he%istr/ as

it sh"(ed )"r the 4rst ti%e that a

%"le#ule )"und in livin& "r&anis%s

Introduction


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Urea *identi4ed 2667,8 the 4rst "r&ani# #"%'"und 're'ared

$/ in"r&ani# s/nthesis *23+38 1"hler,

C"%%er#ial 'r"du#ti"n started in 29++ *Ger%an/,8 297+

*USA, and 297 *UK, Urea has $een #"nsidered as sl"( release )ertili5er sin#e it

%ust under&" + 'r"#ess :

Hidr"lisis :

Nitri4;asi :


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Properties of Urea

@

1arna Putih

Titi; didih *"

C, 27+86densitas 2877

Kapasitas panas pada 20o

C (Cal/go

C) 0,32


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REAKSI PEM


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SKEMA PEM


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SKEMA PEM


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SKEMA PEM


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REAKSI KIMIA DI PROSES SINTESIS NH7

TEP 2- HBDROGEN PROCESS

STEP +- NITROGEN ADDITION

H/dr"&en is 'r"du#ed $/ the rea#ti"n ") %ethane(ith (ater- H"(ever8 all sul)urs #"%'"unds %ust $ere%"ve )r"% natural &as *desul)uri5ati"n, t" 'revent#atal/st '"is"nin&-


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STEP 7- REMOAL O0 COHere t&e !" is converted to !"$.T&is is ac&ieved in t(o steps )

1* t&e gas stream is passed acer a !r+,e"4 catalyst at %-o!

$* T&e over a !u+n"+!r catalyst at $1-o!

STEP - 1ATER REMOALT&e gas mi/ture is furt&er cooled to 4-o! at (&ic& temperature t&e

(ater condenses out and is removed.

STEP - REMOAL O0 CO+T&e gases are t&en pumped up t&roug& a counter0current of

U!RS"2 solution. 33 of t&e !"$ in t&e mi/ture dissolves in

it. T&e remaining !"$ is converted to met&ane using 'i+l$"

catalyst at $#o!


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TEP =- SBNTHESIS O0 AMMONIAT&e ammonia present is removed and t&e unreacted gases &eated

to 4--o! at a pressure of - 5ar and passed over an iron catalyst.

Under t&ese conditions $% of t&e &ydrogen and nitrogen are

converted to ammonia.T&e outlet gas from t&e ammonia converter is cooled from $$-o!

to -o!.

T&is cooling process condenses more t&e &alf t&e ammonia (&ic&

is t&en separated out.


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REAKSI PEM


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PROSES PRODUKSI UREA : INDUSTRI

1

2

Reaction 1 is fast and e/ot&ermic and

essentially goes to completion under t&e

reaction conditions used in industrially.

Reaction $ is slo(er and

endot&ermic and doesn6t go to

completion.


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PROSES PRODUKSI UREA : KONDISI OPTIMAL

1

2

Reaction 1 is fast and e/ot&ermic and

essentially goes to completion under t&e

reaction conditions used in industrially.

Reaction $ is slo(er and

endot&ermic and doesn6t go to

completion.


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PROSES PRODUKSI UREA : KONERSI CO+

Persentase ;"nversi CO+ adalah > F 3>@-

K"nversi CO+ %enin&;at saat suhu dan rasi" ;"nsentrasi NH7?CO+

%enin&;at dan %enurun saat rasi" ;"nsentrasi H+O?CO+

%enin&;at-


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ROSES PRODUKSI UREA : KONERSI CO

Persentase ;"nversi CO+ adalah > F 3>@-

K"nversi CO+ %enin&;at saat suhu dan rasi" ;"nsentrasi NH7?CO+

%enin&;at dan %enurun saat rasi" ;"nsentrasi H+O?CO+

%enin&;at-


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PROSES PRODUKSI UREA

On#e Thr"u&h Partial Re#/#le T"tal Re#/#le

The "n#e thr"u&h 'r"#essis a si%'lest 'r"#ess andn" re#/#led $a#; 'r"#ess-

'art ") the ".&as isre#/#led $a#; t" the

rea#t"r

all un#"nverted NH7and CO+is re#/#led

$a#; t" the rea#t"r*99@,

N" nitr"&en #".

'r"du#t is ne#essar/

least ei$le and #ann"t$e "'erate unless s"%e'r"visi"n is %ade t"utili5e lar&e a%"unt ")a%%"nia and ".&as-

the a%"unt ")a%%"nia is redu#edt" 2@ t" that "n#e.

thr"u&h

%"st ei$le urea'r"#ess as it

de'ends "nl/ NH7

and CO+su''l/

least expansive (bothcapital and operatingcost) among the 3

process.

invest%ent #"st iss"%e(hat l"(er that

the t"tal re#/#le

'r"#ess

most expensive ininvestment andoperating cost


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PROSES PRODUKSI UREA

SINTESIS

PEMURNIAN*PURI0ICATION,

PEMEKATAN*CONCENTRATION,

PEM


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A MANU0ACTURING PROCESS : SBNTHE

An e"ther%i# rea#ti"n8

heat is re#"vered $/ a$"iler (hi#h 'r"du#esstea%-

This 'r"#ess a#hieves 63@#"nversi"n ") CO+-

The 'ressure +> $ar

#"nversi"n ") CO+t" urea

is a''r"i%atel/ =>@ at'ressure ") > $ar


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EMA PROSES PRODUKSI UREA : PURI0ICATI

1. T&e ma7or impurities in t&e mi/ture at t&is stage are (ater and unconsumed

reactants. T&e unconsumed reactants are removed in stages.

$. T&e pressure is reduced from $4- to 18 5arg and solution is &eated.

. t same time9 some 'H and !"$ flas& off

4. T&e pressure is reduced to


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A MANU0ACTURING PROCESS : CONCENTRA

1. 8# of t&e urea solution is &eated under vacuum9 (&ic& evaporates off (aters it&e urea concentration to :-

$. t t&is stage9 some urea crystals also form.

. T&e solution is &eated from :- ; 1--o! to re0dissolve t&ese crystals.


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SES PRODUKSI UREA : PEM


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Three %a"r desi&n #"nsiderati"ns

ree %a"r desi&n #"nsiderati"ns- T" se'arate the urea )r"% "ther #"nstituent- T" re#"ver e#ess NH7-- De#"%'"se the NH7)"r re#/#le-

hi $ ;


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desree %a"r desi&n #"nsiderati"ns

r /an& %e%'en&aruhi 'r"ses 'e%$entu;an

2- Te%'erature-o.Rate ") Cae$a%ate

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