KEBIJAKAN AKREDITASI SEBAGAI STANDAR KUALITAS PAUD …

Desvi Wahyuni, 2021

KEBIJAKAN AKREDITASI SEBAGAI STANDAR KUALITAS PAUD DALAM SUDUT PANDANG KEADILAN

SOSIAL

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

KEBIJAKAN AKREDITASI SEBAGAI STANDAR KUALITAS PAUD

DALAM SUDUT PANDANG KEADILAN SOSIAL

TESIS

Diajukan Sebagai Tugas Akhir untuk Meraih Gelar Magister Pendidikan

Oleh:

Desvi Wahyuni

1906697

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI

SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA

2021

Desvi Wahyuni, 2021


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Oleh

Desvi Wahyuni

Sebuah tesis yang diajukan untuk memenuhi syarat memperoleh gelar Magister

Pendidikan (M.Pd) pada Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini

©Desvi Wahyuni 2021

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Agustus 2021

Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang

Tesis ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhnya atau sebagian

dengan dicetak ulang, difotokopi, atau cara lainnya tanpa seizin penulis.

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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Desvi Wahyuni

1906697



Disetujui dan disahkan oleh:

Pembimbing I

Dr. Rudiyanto, M.Si.

NIP. 19740617 199903 1 003

Pembimbing II

Dr. Badru Zaman, M.Pd.

NIP. 19740806 200112 1 002

Mengetahui,

Ketua Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Sekolah Pascasarjana

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Dr. Euis Kurniati, M.Pd.

NIP. 19770611 200112 2 002

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Desvi Wahyuni

1906697

ABSTRAK

Kebijakan akreditasi merupakan kebijakan yang ditunjukan untuk meningkatkan

mutu dan kualitas pendidikan dengan cara menilai kelayakan program layanan

pendidikan. Akan tetapi, akreditasi sebagai upaya penilaian kelayakan program

satuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas menimbulkan berbagai pertentangan, mulai

dari kebijakan itu sendiri, pelaksanaannya dimasyarakat serta aspek keadilan yang

ada dalam akrditasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengambarkan

kebijakan akreditasi sebagai standar penilain kualitas satuan dari sudut pandang

keadilan sosial serta untuk melihat relasi kuasa yang terbentuk melalui kebijakan

akreditasi sebagai upaya penjamin kualitas satuan PAUD. Dengan menggunakan

metode penelitian analisis wacana kritis (critical discourse analysis) Fairclough

(2001) yang membahas tentang tiga dimensi penting dalam penyusunan kebijakan

berupa teks, implementasi kebijakan, dan analisis sosial budaya, didapat hasil

bahwa dengan adanya kebijakan yang mengatur kelayakan satuan PAUD hal

tersebut akan memberikan pembenaran dimasyarakat tentang kualitas sekolah

dengan atau tanpa mengesampingkan aspek-aspek lain. Mekanisme pelaksanaan

yang terpusat kepada pihak dominan juga akan menimbulkan relasi kuasa antara

pihak pemerintah dan sekolah sebagai pihak yang didominasi.

Kata kunci: kebijakan kkreditasi, kualitas, satuan PAUD

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ACCREDITATION POLICY AS A ECE QUALITY STANDARD

THROUGH SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE

Desvi Wahyuni

1906697

ABSTRACT

Accreditation policy is a policy that aimed to evaluate quality of education by

assessing the feasibility of education service program. However, accreditation as an

effort to assess the feasibility the quality of ECE causes various conflicts, ranging

from the policy itself, implementation, and aspects of social justice in accreditation

policy. The purpose of this research is to describe the accreditation policy as a

standard of assessment the quality of ECE from the social justice perspective and

to see power relation through accreditation policy as an effort to guarantee the

quality of ECE. Using Fairclough’s design of critical discourse analysis (2001)

which three dimensions in policy making in the form of text, policy implementation

and social culture analysis, the result is obtained that with the policy that regulates

the feasibility of ECE will provide justification in the community about the quality

of ECE with or without ruling other aspects. The implementation was centered on

the dominant will also lead to power relations between the government and the

institution as a dominated.

Keywords: Accreditation policy, quality, Early Childhood Education

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DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. iii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ................................................................................. iv

UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH.................................................................................. v

KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... vii

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ viiiv

DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xviii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ xiixi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1

A. Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1

B. Identifikasi Masalah .................................................................................. 7

C. Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 7

D. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 7

E. Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................... 7

F. Struktur Organisasi Penulisan Tesis ........................................................ 9

BAB II KAJIAN TEORI ................................................................................... 10

A. Teori Post-Strukturalis ............................................................................ 10

B. Makna Kualitas dalam Sudut Pandang Keadilan Sosial ..................... 13

C. Kritik Kebijakan Akreditasi sebagai Standar Kualitas dalam Kajian

Postrukturalis .................................................................................................. 19

D. Bentuk Satuan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) di Indonesia ...... 24

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................... 35

A. Desain Penelitian ...................................................................................... 35

1. Teks Kebijakan ....................................................................................... 36

2. Implementasi Kebijakan ......................................................................... 37

3. Perilaku Masyarakat ............................................................................... 38

B. Partisipan dan Tempat Penelitian .......................................................... 42

C. Pengumpulan Data ................................................................................... 45

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D. Analisis Data ............................................................................................. 48

E. Isu Etik ...................................................................................................... 55

F. Penjelasan Istilah ..................................................................................... 56

BAB IV TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ...................................................... 57

A. Kebijakan Akreditasi PAUD di Indonesia ............................................. 57

B. Kritik terhadap Mekanisme Pelaksana Kebijakan Akreditasi ........... 67

1. Evaluasi Diri Satuan (EDS) ................................................................... 72

2. Pengecekan data oleh BAN PAUD dan PNF ......................................... 75

3. Visitasi Satuan PAUD ............................................................................ 76

4. Validasi, Verifikasi dan Penetapan ........................................................ 80

C. Relasi Kuasa yang terjadi dalam Akreditasi PAUD ............................. 82

BAB V PENUTUP .............................................................................................. 87

A. Kesimpulan ............................................................................................... 87

B. Rekomendasi ............................................................................................. 89

1. Untuk BAN PAUD dan PNF dan Pihak Pelaksana Akreditasi .............. 90

2. Untuk Masyarakat dan Orangtua ........................................................... 90

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 92

LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................... 104

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Daftar Teks Kebijakan Akreditasi......................................................... 36

Table 3.2 Identitas Partisipan ................................................................................ 43

Tabel 3.3 Daftar Teks Kebijakan dan Point Pembahasan ..................................... 46

Tabel 3.2 Daftar Kode Analisis Data Penelitian ................................................... 50

Tabel 4.1 Daftar Dokumen Kebijakan terkait Akreditasi ..................................... 57

Tabel 4.2 Daftar Dokumen Kebijakan terkait Pelaksanaan Akreditasi................. 67

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 3.1 Dimensi Critical Discourse Analysis Fairclough .............................. 38

Gambar 4.2 Proses Akreditasi di Indonesia .......................................................... 72

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