i

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEADEKUATAN ASUPAN VITAMIN D

DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMENSIA PADA LANSIA

( di Telogosuryo Rw 02 , Lowokwaru Kota Malang )

SKRIPSI

DISUSUN OLEH :

RITMA WAHYU HARTANTI

NIM : 201410420311037

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2018

ii

iii

SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN

Saya yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini :

Nama : Ritma Wahyu Hartanti

NIM : 201410420311037

Jurusan : Ilmu Keperawatan

Judul Skripsi : Hubungan antara Keadekuatan Asupan Vitamin D dengan kejadian

Demensia pada Lansia

Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa Tugas Akhir yang saya tulis ini benar-

benar hasil karya saya sendiri, bukan merupakan pengambil alihan tulisan atau pikiran

orang lain yang saya akui sebagai tulisan atau pikiran saya sendiri. Apabila dikemudian

hari dapat dibuktikan bahwa Tugas Akhir ini adalah hasil jiplakan, maka saya bersedia

menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut.

Malang, 24 September 2018

Yang Membuat Pernyataan

Ritma Wahyu Hartanti NIM. 201410420311037

iv

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur Alhamdulilah saya panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, berkat rahmat

dan bimbingan-Nya saya dapat dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan judul

“Hubungan Antara Keadekuatan Asupan Vitamin D dengan Kejadian Demensia

pada Lansia”. Skripsi ini dibuat sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar

sarjana keperawatan (S.Kep) pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu

Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Bersamaan dengan ini perkenanankanlah saya mengucapkan terima kasih yang

sebesar-besarnya dengan hati yang tulus kepada:

1. Bapak Faqih Ruhyanuddin, M.Kep., Sp. KMB selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu

Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

2. Ibu Nur Lailatul M., S.Kep., Ns., MNS selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu

Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

3. Bapak Faqih Ruhyanuddin, M.Kep., Sp. KMB, selaku Dosen Pembimbing 1 yang

dengan sabar dan dengan kebesaran hati beliau dalam membimbing saya untuk

mewujudkan skripsi ini sehingga dapat segera terselesaikan.

4. Ibu Nur Lailatul M., S.Kep., Ns., MNS, selaku Dosen Pembimbing 2 yang dengan

sabar telah membimbing saya serta memberi masukan yang sangat sangat berarti

demi terwujudnya skripsi ini.

v

5. Ibu Nurul Aini, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep selaku Dosen Wali PSIK A agkatan 2014 yang

tidak henti-hentinya selalu memberikan dukungan kepada saya untuk menyelesaikan

skripsi ini.

6. Seluruh Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan yang telah memberikan ilmu yang

sangat bermanfaat.

7. Kedua orang tua saya, adik-adik saya serta saudara-saudara saya yang tiada henti-

hentinya selalu mendoakan dan memberikan dukungan moril dan materil dalam

menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

8. Teman-teman PSIK-A 2014 dan semua pihak yang namanya tidak bisa saya

sebutkan satu persatu yang turut membantu menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

Mohon maaf atas segala kesalahan dan ketidaksopanan yang mungkin telah saya

perbuat dalam penulisan skripsi ini. Saya menyadari bahwa penyusunan skripsi ini masih

jauh dari kata sempurna, oleh karena itu saya membuka diri untuk segala kritik dan

sarannya. Semoga skripsi ini bisa bermanfaat bagi masyarakat dan dunia kesehatan

khususnya di bidang keperawatan.

Wassalamualaikum. Wr.Wb.

Malang, Juli 2018

Penulis

viii

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

HALAMAN SAMPUL ........................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... ii

SURAT PERYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN ................................................... iii

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iv

ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. vi

ABSTRAC .............................................................................................................. vii

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................. xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. xiii

LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... xiv

BAB I. PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ....................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................................................. 4

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................................................... 4

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ............................................................................................................ 4

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ........................................................................................................... 4

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................................................. 4

1.4.1 Manfaat Teoritis......................................................................................................... 4

1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis .......................................................................................................... 5

1.5 Keaslian Penelitian ................................................................................................................ 5

BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Demensia ................................................................................................................................ 7

ix

2.1.1 Definisi ........................................................................................................................ 7

2.1.2 Gejala ........................................................................................................................... 8

2.1.3 Faktor penyebab .......................................................................................................... 11

2.1.4 Jenis ............................................................................................................................... 11

2.1.5 Stadium ......................................................................................................................... 12

2.1.6 Tahapan......................................................................................................................... 13

2.1.7 Tingkatan ...................................................................................................................... 14

2.1.8 Faktor Resiko ............................................................................................................... 15

2.2 Vitamin D ................................................................................................................................. 16

2.2.1 Pengertian ..................................................................................................................... 15

2.2.2 Sumber .......................................................................................................................... 17

2.2.3 Tanda dan Gejala ......................................................................................................... 18

2.2.4 Dampak ......................................................................................................................... 20

2.2.5 Faktor Resiko ............................................................................................................... 21

2.2.6 Manfaat ......................................................................................................................... 22

2.3 Hubungan Vitamin D dengan kejadian Demensia ............................................................ 22

2.3.1 Penelitian Terkait ......................................................................................................... 23

BAB III. KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN ................. 25

3.1 Kerangka Konsep .................................................................................................................... 25

3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................................................................ 26

BAB IV. METODE PENELITIAN ...................................................................... 28

4.1 Desain Penelitian ..................................................................................................................... 28

4.2 Kerangka Penelitian ................................................................................................................ 28

4.3 Populasi, Teknik Sampling dan Sampel ............................................................................... 30

4.3.1 Populasi ........................................................................................................................ 30

4.3.2 Teknik Sampling.......................................................................................................... 30

x

4.3.3 Sampel ........................................................................................................................... 30

4.4 Variabel Penelitian ................................................................................................................... 31

4.4.1 Variabel Independen ................................................................................................... 31

4.4.2 Variabel Dependen ..................................................................................................... 31

4.5 Definisi Operasional Variabel ............................................................................................... 31

4.6 Tempat Penelitian ................................................................................................................... 33

4.7 Waktu Penelitian ...................................................................................................................... 33

4.8 Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................................................................... 33

4.8.1 Kuesioner Asupan Vitamin D .................................................................................. 33

4.8.2 Tebel Kisi-kisi Kuesioner Vitamin D ...................................................................... 34

4.8.3 Kuesioner Pemeriksaan Demensia Mini Mental (MMSE) ................................... 34

4.9. Uji Validitas ............................................................................................................................. 35

4.10 Uji Reliabilitas ........................................................................................................................ 37

4.11 Prosedur Pengumpulan Data .............................................................................................. 37

4.11.1 Tahap Persiapan ........................................................................................................ 37

4.11.2 Tahap Pelaksanaan .................................................................................................... 38

4.11.3 Teknik Pengolahan Data .......................................................................................... 39

4.12 Analisa Univariate dan Bivariate ......................................................................................... 39

4.13 Etika Penelitian ...................................................................................................................... 42

BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISA DATA ........................................ 44

5.1 Karakteristik Responden ........................................................................................................ 44

5.2 Keadekuatan Asupan Vitamin D .......................................................................................... 47

5.3 Demensia Pada Lansia ............................................................................................................ 48

5.4 Analisa Hubungan ................................................................................................................... 49

5.4.1 Crosstabulation ................................................................................................................ 49

5.4.2 Analisa Hubungan ....................................................................................................... 50

xi

BAB VI PEMBAHASAN ....................................................................................... 52

6.1 Karakteristik Responden penelitian...................................................................................... 52

6.2 Identifikasi Keadekuatan Asupan Vitamin D ..................................................................... 54

6.3 Identifikasi Demensia pada Lansia ....................................................................................... 55

6.4 Analisisn Hubungan Keadekuatan Asupan Vitamin D dengan Demensia .................... 56

6.5 Keterbatasan Penelitian .......................................................................................................... 58

6.6 Implikasi keperawatan ............................................................................................................ 58

BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 60

7.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................................................. 60

7.2 Saran .......................................................................................................................................... 60

DAFTARPUSTAKA ............................................................................................... 62

xii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 4.1 Definisi Operasional ...................................................................................... 31

Tabel 4.8.2 Kisi-kisi Kuesioner Vitamin D ................................................................. 34

Tabel 4.8.3 Kisi-kisi Kuesioner Pemeriksaan Demensia (MMSE) ........................... 34

Tabel 4.4 Hasil Uji Validitas Kuesioner vitamin D dan MMSE ............................... 33

Tabel 5.3 Distribusi Perbandingan Keadekuatan Asupan Vitamin D berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin di Telogosuryo Rw 02, Lowokwaru Kota Malang ........................... 47

Tabel 5.3 Distribusi Perbandingan Demensia berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin di Telogosuryo Rw 02, Lowokwaru Kota Malang ...................................................................... 48

Tabel 5.4 Crosstabulation Keadekuatan Asupan Vitamin D dengan Demensia pada Lansia di Telogosuryo Rw 02 Lowokwaru kota Malang ............................................. 49

Tabel 5.5 Tabel Hasil analisis Hubungan Asupan Vitamin D Dengan Kejadian Demensia Pada Lansia ............................................................................................................ 50

xiii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Konsep .................................................................................................... 28

Gambar 4.1 Kerangka Penelitian ................................................................................................ 28

Gambar 5.1 Distribusi Frekuensi Responden Berdasarkan Usia di Tlogosuryo Rw 02 Lowokwaru

Kota malang ..................................................................................................................... 44

Gambar 5.2 Distribusi Frekuensi Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin di Tlogosuryo Rw 02

Lowokwaru Kota malang .............................................................................................. 45

Gambar 5.3 Distribusi Frekuensi Responden Berdasarkan Pekerjaan di Tlogosuryo Rw 02

Lowokwaru Kota malang .............................................................................................. 45

Gambar 5.4 Distribusi Frekuensi Responden Berdasarkan BMI di Tlogosuryo Rw 02

Lowokwaru Kota malang .............................................................................................. 46

Gambar 5.5 Keadekuatan Asupan Vitamin D di Tlogosuryo Rw 02 Kec Lowokwaru Kota

malang ............................................................................................................................... 47

Gambar 5.6 Demensia pada Lansia di Tlogosuryo Rw 02 Lowokwaru Kota malang ....... 48

xiv

LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Lembar Permohonan Izin Menjadi Responden ................................... 65

Lampiran 2 Lembar Informed Consent ...................................................................... 66

Lampiran 3 Keusioner vitamin D ................................................................................ 67

Lampiran 4 Standar Operesional MMSE .................................................................... 70

Lampiran 5 Kuesioner vitamin D ................................................................................ 71

Lampiran 6 Pemeriksaan MMSE .................................................................................. 72

Lampiran 7 acc judul skripsi .......................................................................................... 74

Lampiran 8 lembar konsultasi pembimbing 1 ............................................................. 75

Lampiran 9 lembar konsultasi pembimbing 2 ............................................................. 76

Lampiran 10 Lembar konsultasi .................................................................................... 77

Lampiran 11 Surat selesai Penelitian ............................................................................ 78

Lampiran 12 Surat ijin pendahuluan ............................................................................. 79

Lampiran 13 Rekomendasi Penelitian .......................................................................... 80

Lampiran 14 Surat ijin penelitian .................................................................................. 81

Lampiran 15 Lembar Plagiasi bab 5,6,7 ....................................................................... 82

Lampiran 16 Lembar Plagiasi bab 1,2,3,4 .................................................................... 83

Lampiran 17 hasil perhitungan kuisioner..................................................................... 84

Lampiran 18 hasil perhitungan kuisioner ................................................................... 85

Lampiran 19 data umum responden ........................................................................... 86

Lampiran 20 Hasil uji validitas dan reabilitas .............................................................. 87

Lampiran 21Hasil perhitungan spss Spearman ........................................................... 92

Lampiran 22 Dokumentasi ............................................................................................ 93

62

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Asrori, N., & Putri, O. O. ( 2014). Panduan Perawatan Pasien Demensia di Rumah. Malang: Umm press.

Banerjee, A., Khemka, V. K., Ganguly, A., Roy, D., Ganguly, U., & Chakrabarti, S. (2015). Vitamin D and Alzheimer’s Disease:Neurocognition to Therapeutics. Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 1-12.

Berg, S. v. (2012). Policy brief Risk factors for dementia. Alzheimer's Disease International,

1-12.

Cao, L., Tan, L., Wang, H. F., Jieng, T., Zhu, C. X., Lu, H., et al. (2015). Dietary Patterns and Risk of Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. CrossMark, 1-11.

Dalcerri, M., Garcia, A., & Ann McKiel, H. (2017). Journal of Geriatric Research.

Vitamin D Deficiency and the Increased Risk of Developing Dementia and Alzheimer’s

Disease, 1-4.

Coates, M. (2018). National Institutes of Health. Amerika: Department of Health and human Services

Dewi, S. R. (2014). Ajar Keperawatan Gerontik. Yogyakarta: Budi Utama.

Efendi, F., & Makhfudli. (2009). Keperawatan Kesehatan Komunitas. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.

Effendi, A. D., Nardijana, A., & Dewi, R. (2014). Hubungan antara aktifitas fisik dan kejadian demensia pada lansia di UPT layanan lanjut usia jember. e-Jurnal Pustaka Kesehatan, 1-5..

Gangwar, A. K., Rawat, A., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, S. C., Narayan, J., & Tiwari, S. (2015). Role of Vitamin-D in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Indian J physiol Pharmacol , 1-7.

Gluhm, S., BA, Goldstein, J., BS, Loc, K., MD, et al. (2013). Cognitive performance on

the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment

Across the Healthy Adult Lifespan. National Institutes of Health, 1-11.

Hermawan, D. (2016). Sehat Selalu dengan Vitamin D. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.

Jamshed, N., Ozair, F. F., Anggarwal, P., & Ekka, M. (2014). Journal of Mid-Life Health.

Alzheimer disease in post-menopausal women: Intervene in the critical window period.

63

Killic, M. K., Sumer, f., & Ulger, Z. (2014). Nutritional issues in Dementia patients.

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 1-6.

Hidayat, A. A. (2010). Metode Penelitian Kesehatan Paradigma Kuantitatif. Surabaya: Health Bool Publishing.

Killin, L. O., starr, J. M., shiue, I. J., & Russ, C. T. (2016). Environmental risk factor for dementia: A Sistematic Review. BMC geriatric, 16:175, 1-28.

Landel, V., Annweiler, C., Millet, P., Morello, M., & Feron, F. (2016). Vitamin D,

Cognition and Alzheimer's Disease : The Therapeutic Benefit is in the D-Tails.

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 1-26.

Lapau, B. ( 2012). Metode Penelitian Kesehatan: Metode ilmiah penulisan Skripsi, Tesis, dan

Disertasi. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

Lee, H. S., Park, S. W., & Park, y. J. (2016). Effects of Physical Activity Programs on the

Improvement of Dementia Symptom: A Meta-Analysis. Hindawi Publishing

Corporation BioMed Research International, 1-8.

Meehan, M., & Penckofer, S. (2014). The Role of Vitamin D in the Aging Adult. J Aging

Gerontol., 1-18

Muhith, A., & Siyoto, s. (2016). Pedidikan Keperawatan gerontik. Yogyakarta: Andi offset.

Nabak, A. C., Johnson, R. E., Keuler, N. S., & Hansen, K. E. (2014). Can a questionnaire predict vitamin D status in postmenopausal women? Public Health Nutr, 1-14.

Nair, R., & Maseeh, A. (2012). Vitamin D: The “sunshine” vitamin. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 1-10.

Notoatmodho, S. (2012). Metode Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.

Nursalam. (2013). Metodologi Penelitian Ilmu Keperawatan Edisi 3. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.

Pieter, H. Z., & Janiwarti, B. (2011). Pengantar Psikopatologi untuk Keperawatan. Jakarta: Kencana.

Polidori, M. C., Nelles, G., & Pientka, L. (2010). Prevention of Dementia: Focus on

Lifestyle. SAGE-Hindawi Acces to Research International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease,

1-9.

Rakesh, G., Szabo, S., Alexopoulos, G., & Zannas, A. (2017). Strategies for dementia

prevention: Latest evidence and implications. Therapeutic Advances in Cronic Disease,

1-16.

64

Rizzi, L., Rosset, I., & Cruz, M. R. (2014). Global Epidemiology of Dementia: Alzheimer’s and Vascular Types. BioMed Research International, 1-8.

Setiyani, R., Sumarwati, M., & Ramawati, D. (2015 Dec;3(Suppl 1):S74-S78). Attitude towards future elderly support: a study among indonesia young among. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 1-5.

Segiyono, (2011). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R & D. Bandung. PT.

Alfabeta.

Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfadeta.

Sumantri, A. (2011). Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta: Kencana.

Sumbono, A. (2016). Biokimia Dasar Pangan. Jakarta: EGC.

Swarjana, K. (2012). Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Andio ffset.

Verdelho, A., Madureira, S., M ferro, J., Baezner, H., Blahak, C., Poggesi, A., et al.

(2012). Physical Activity Prevents Progression for Cognitive Impairment and Vascular

Dementia Results From the LADIS (Leukoaraiosis and Disability) Study, 1-5.

WHO. (2011). Global Health and Aging. Europe: Health Evidence Network

Vera. (2013). Determinan Diagnostik Klinis Defisiensi vitamin D pada wanita 50 tahun ke atas. Universitas Indonesia, 1-69.