HUBUNGAN ANTARA HIPERTENSI TERHADAP TINGKAT DEPRESI LANSIA

(Studi di Puskesmas Cisadea Kota Malang)

SKRIPSI Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Mencapai Derajat Sarjana Keperawatan

(S.Kep) Pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Disusun Oleh : MUHAMMAD MURZIA FARDAN

NIM. 201410420311051

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2018

i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

ii

SURAT PERYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN

Saya yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini :

Nama : Muhammad Murzia Fardan

NIM : 201410420311051

Jurusan : Ilmu Keperawatan

Judul Skripsi :Hubungan Antara Hipertensi Terhadap Tingkat Depresi Lansia

Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa Tugas Akhir yang saya tulis ini benar-

benar hasil karya saya sendiri, bukan merupakan pengambil alihan tulisan atau pikiran

orang lain yang saya akui sebagai tulisan atau pikiran saya sendiri. Apabila dikemudian

hari dapat dibuktikan bahwa Tugas Akhir ini adalah hasil jiplakan, maka saya bersedia

menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut.

Malang, September 2018

Yang Membuat Peryataan

Muhammad Murzia Fardan NIM. 201410420311051

iii

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur saya panjatkan kehadirat allah SWT, berkat rahmat

danbimbingannya saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Hubungan antara

Hipertensi dan Ansietas Terhadap Tingkat Depresi Lansia”. Skripsi ini merupakan

salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana keperawatan (S.Kep) pada Program

Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu KesehatanUniversitas Muhammadiyah

Malang.

Bersama ini perkenankanlah saya mengucapkan terimakasih sebesar-besarnya dengan

hati yang tulus kepada:

1. Bapak Faqih Ruhyanuddin, M.Kep, Sp.KMB. Selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu

Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

2. Ibu Nur Lailatul Masruroh S.Kep., Ns., MNS. Selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu

Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

3. Ibu Indah Dwi Pratiwi, S.kep., M.Ng. Selaku Dosen Pembimbing I yang telah

sabar memberikan dorongan, masukan, motivasi, serta memberikan dukungan

untuk mengerjakan skripsi ini.

4. Bapak Muhammad Rosyidul ‘Ibad, S.kep., Ns., M.kep. Selaku Dosen

Pembimbing II yang telah sabarmemberikan dorongan, masukan, motivasi, serta

bimbingandalam proses penyusunan skripsiini.

5. Ibu Risa Herlianta, S.Kep. Ns, MSN. Selaku dosen wali Program Studi Ilmu

Keperawatan 2014 khusunya kelas B yang memberikan dukungan untuk

mengerjakan skripsi ini.

6. Seluruh dosen Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan yang telah memberikan ilmu-

ilmu yang sangat bermanfaat.

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7. Kepada kedua orang tua saya yang selalu memberikan dukungan, motivasi dan

doa yang tiada hentinya.

Penulis hanya mampu berdoa semoga amal kebaikannya mendapat imbalan

danditerima sebagai ibadah oleh Allah SWT. Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan

skripsi ini masih banyak kekurangan yang disebabkan oleh keterbatasan

kemampuan dan pengetahuan yang penulis miliki, oleh karena itu ktritik dan saran

bersifat membangun sangat penulis harapkan. Semoga Allah SWT senantiasa

memudahkan setiap langkah-langkah kita menuju kebaikan dan selalu

menganugerahkan kasih sayang-Nya untuk kita semua.

Malang, September 2018

Muhammad Murzia Fardan (201410420311051)

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ABSTRAK

Hubungan Antara Hipertensi Terhadap tingkat Depresi Lansia

Muhammad Murzia Fardan 1; Indah Dwi Pratiwi 2; Muhammad Rosyidul ‘Ibad 3

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan penyebab utama untuk penyakit jantung dan kematian secara global, jika keadaan hipertensi terus terjadi maka akan beresiko akan terjadninya depresi, sedangkan depresi yang terjadi terutama pada lansia dapat bertindak sebagai penghalang dalam melakukan gaya hidup sehat dan menjadi penghalang dalam melakukan perawatan kesehatan

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian korelasional dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Populasi menggunakan teknik purposive sampling mendapatkan sampel sebanyak 51 lansia. Pengambilan data dengan kuisioner GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale) dan diuji menggunakan Spearman Rank

Hasil: Didapatkan hasil H1 diterima yang berarti ada Hubungan antara hipertensi terhadap tingkat depresi lansia karena didapatkan angka signifikan (p = 0,041) dengan korelasinya bersifat linier yaitu 0,288. Hampir separuh dari responden mengalami depresi ringan (n=23, 45,1%) dan sebagian besar dari responden mengalami depresi ringan pada kondisi hipertensi stage 2 (n=10, 19,6%)

Diskusi: Adanya hubungan antara hipertensi terhadap tingkat depresi lansia dengan

bersifat linier yang artinya semakin tinggi tingkat hipertensi maka semakin tinggi juga

tingkat depresi yang dialami lansia.

Kata Kunci : Lansia, Hipertensi, Depresi pada lansia.

1. Mahasiswa Program Studi IlmuKeperawatan, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan,

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

2. Dosen Program StudiIlmuKeperawatan, FakultasIlmuKesehatan, Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang.

3. Dosen Program StudiIlmuKeperawatan, FakultasIlmuKesehatan, Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang.

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ABSTRACT

Relationship Between Hypertension Against Elderly With Depression

Muhammad Murzia Fardan 1; Indah Dwi Pratiwi 2; Muhammad Roryidul ‘Ibad 3

Background: Hypertension is a major cause for heart disease and death globally, If the state of hypertension continues to occur it will be at risk of depression, whereas depression that occurs especially in the elderly can act as a barrier in carrying out a healthy lifestyle and become a barrier to health care

Method: This study uses correlational research using cross sectional. The population used purposive sampling as much as 51 elderly. Data collection with the GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale) Questionnaire and tested using Rank Spearman

Result: The results of H1 were received which means that there was a relationship between hypertension and the level of depression of the elderly because it obtained a significant number (p = 0.041) with a linear correlation of 0.288. Almost half of respondents experienced mild depression (n = 23, 45.1%) and most of the respondents experienced mild depression in stage 2 hypertension (n = 10, 19.6%)

Discussion: There is a relationship between hypertension and the level of

depression of the elderly with linear properties which means that the higher the level

of hypertension, the higher the level of depression experienced by the elderly.

Keywords: Elderly, Hypertension, Depression in Elderly.

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DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN SAMPUL ........................................................................................ i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................ i KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ ii ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... ix DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... x BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................1 1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................................... 4

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ............................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus .............................................................................................. 4

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 Manfaat Teoritis............................................................................................ 4 1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis ............................................................................................. 5

1.5 Keaslian Penelitian..................................................................................................... 5 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................... 7 2.1 Konsep Lansia ............................................................................................................ 7

2.1.1 Definisi Lansia .............................................................................................. 7 2.1.2 Batasan Usia Lansia ...................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 Perubahan Pada Lansia ................................................................................ 8 2.1.4 Tipe Usia Lanjut .........................................................................................11

2.2 Konsep Hipertensi ...................................................................................................12 2.2.1 Definisi Hipertensi .....................................................................................12 2.2.2 Jenis-Jenis Hipertensi .................................................................................12 2.2.3 Klasifikasi Hipertensi .................................................................................13 2.2.4 Etiologi Hipertensi .....................................................................................14 2.2.5 Patofisiologi Hipertensi .............................................................................14 2.2.6 Faktor Resiko Hipertensi ..........................................................................16 2.2.7 Hipertensi Pada Lansia ..............................................................................17

2.3 Konsep Depresi .......................................................................................................18 2.3.1 Definisi Depresi ..........................................................................................18 2.3.2 Gejala Depresi .............................................................................................19 2.3.3 Faktor Penyebab Depresi ..........................................................................19 2.3.4 Depresi Pada Lansia ...................................................................................20 2.3.5 Pengukuran Tingkat Depresi ....................................................................21

2.4 Konsep Hipertensi Terhadap Depresi Lansia ............................................................21 BAB III KERANGKA KONSEP dan HIPOTESIS ........................................ 24 3.1 Kerangka Konsep ....................................................................................................24 3.2 Kerangka Berfikir .....................................................................................................25 3.3 Hipotesis ...................................................................................................................26 BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................. 27 4.1 Desain Penelitian .....................................................................................................27 4.2 Kerangka Penelitian .................................................................................................28 4.3 Populasi, Sampel dan Sampling .............................................................................29

4.3.1 Populasi ........................................................................................................29 4.3.2. Sampel ..........................................................................................................29

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4.3.3 Teknik Sampling .........................................................................................30 4.4 Variabel Penelitian ...................................................................................................31

4.4.1 Variabel Independen ..................................................................................31 4.4.2 Variabel Dependen .....................................................................................31

4.5 Definisi Operasional ................................................................................................31 4.6 Tempat Penelitian ....................................................................................................33 4.7 Waktu Penelitian ......................................................................................................33 4.8 Instrumen Penelitian ...............................................................................................33

4.8.1 Penilaian Tingkat Tekanan darah .............................................................33 4.8.2 Kuesioner Tingkat Depresi .......................................................................34

4.9 Prosedur Penelitian ..................................................................................................34 4.9.1 Tahap Persiapan .........................................................................................35 4.9.2 Tahap pelaksanaan .....................................................................................35 4.9.3 Tahap Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................36

4.10 Uji Validitas dan Relibilitas .....................................................................................36 4.11 Teknik Pengolahan Data .........................................................................................37 4.12 Analisis Data .............................................................................................................38

4.12.1 Analisis Univariate ......................................................................................38 4.12.2 Analisis Bivariate ........................................................................................38

4.13 Etika Penelitian .............................................................................................................38 BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN dan ANALISA DATA .................................... 39 5.1 Karakteristik Responden .........................................................................................40 5.2 Hipertensi Pada Lansia di Puskesmas Cisadea Kota Malang ............................41 5.3 Depresi Pada Lansia di Puskesmas Cisadea Kota Malang .................................42 5.4 Hubungan Antara Hipertensi terhadap Tingkat Depresi Lansia di Puskesmas

Cisadea Kota Malang ...............................................................................................43 BAB VI PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................. 45 6.1 Hipertensi Pada Lansia di Puskesmas Cisadea Kota Malang ............................45 6.2 Depresi Pada Lansia di Puskesmas Cisadea Kota Malang .................................47 6.3 Hubungan Antara Hipertensi terhadap Tingkat Depresi Lansia di Puskesmas

Cisadea Kota Malang ...............................................................................................49 6.4 Keterbatasan Penelitian ...........................................................................................50 6.5 Implementasi Keperawatan ....................................................................................50 BAB VII PENUTUPAN ................................................................................... 51 7.1 Kesimpulan ...............................................................................................................51 7.2 Saran .........................................................................................................................51

7.2.1 Bagi Masyarakat Luas .......................................................................................51 7.2.2 Bagi Profesi Keperawatan ...............................................................................51 7.2.3 Bagi Peneliti Berikutnya ...................................................................................52

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 53

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Klasifikasi Hipertensi menurut WHO ..............................................................14 Tabel 4.1 Definisi Operasionel ............................................................................................31 Tabel 4.2 Parameter Tekanan Darah ..................................................................................32 Tabel 4.3 Kisi-Kisi Kuesioner Tingkat Depresi ................................................................33 Tabel 5.1 Karakteristik Responden Lansia Hipertensi.....................................................40 Tabel 5.2 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Lama Mengalami Hipertensi dan Klasifikasi Hipertensi Pada Landsia ...................................................................................41 Tabel 5.3 Tingkat Depresi Pada Lansia ..............................................................................42 Tabel 5.4 Crostabs Antara Grade Hipertensi Dengan Tingkat Dperesi Lansia ...........43 Tabel 5.5 Hubungan Antara Hipertensi Terhadap Tingkat Depresi Lansia .................44

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Konsep ............................................................................................23 Gambar 4.1 Kerangka Kerja ................................................................................................29

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Lembar Permohonan Menjadi Responden .................................................57 Lampiran 2. Lembar Persetujuan Berpartisipasi Menjadi Responden Penelitian ........58 Lampiran 3. Kuesioner GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale) ...................................................59 Lampiran 4. Surat Kesediaan Menjadi Pembimbing Skripsi ...........................................62 Lampiran 5. Surat Kesediaan Menjadi Pembimbing Skripsi ...........................................63 Lampiran 6. Lembar ACC Judul Skripsi FIKES UMM ..................................................64 Lampiran 7. Surat Izin Studi Pendahuluan dan Penelitian ..............................................65 Lampiran 8. Surat Izin Studi Pendahuluan dan Penelitian ..............................................66 Lampiran 9. Lembar Konsultasi Seminar Proposal .........................................................67 Lampiran 10. Hasil Deteksi Plagiasi ...................................................................................73 Lampiran 11. Surat Keterangan Selesai Penelitian ...........................................................75 Lampiran 12. Hasil Perhitungan Huesioner ......................................................................76 Lampiran 13. Dokumentasi .................................................................................................80

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