histo awal

7/28/2019 histo awal

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HISTOLOGI

Disusun Oleh : Dr.H.R.KOENTJORO SOELEMAN INTRODUCTION :

HISTOS ( GREEK ) : TISSUE ( JARINGAN )LOGIA : KNOWLEDGE

( ILMU PENGETAHUAN )

ANATOMI

1. GROOSS ANATOMY

MEMPELAJARI STRUKTUR ANIMAL BODY DENGANMEMPELAJARI YANG TAMPAK DENGAN MATA BIASA.

2. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMI :

MEMPELAJARI STRUKTUR ANIMAL BODY DENGANMENGGUNAKAN MICROSCOPE .

HISTOLOGI :

1. HISTOLOGI 1 CYTOLOGY : MEMPELAJARI SEL

HISTOLOGI : MEMPELAJARI JARINGAN

2. HISTOLOGI 2

ORGANOLOGY : MEMPELAJARI ORGAN



TISSUE TERDIRI DARI

CELLS

INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCES

BODY FLUIDS

PRIMARY TISSUE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

CONECTIVE TISSUE

MUSCLE TISSUE

NERVOUS TISSUE



METHODOLOGY

1. TIPE MICROSCOPE YANG DIPAKAI

2, PREPARATION OF THE TISSUE ATAU ORGAN YANGDAPAT DIPERIKSA DENGAN MICROSCOPE

MICROSCOPY

KLASIFIKASI TERGANTUNG PADA JENIS SUMBER SINAR YANG DI PAKAI :

1. VISIBLE LIGHT :

LIGHT MICROSCOPE ( L. M )

POLARIZATION MICROSCOPE

PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE

INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPE DARK FIELD MICROSCOPE

2. NON VISIBLE LIGHT :

ULTRA VIOLET MICROSCOPE

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE



LIGHT MICROSCOPE ( L. M)

MENGGUNAKAN :

a) OCULAR LENS ( 10 x )

b) OBJECTIVE LENS 10 x 25 x 40 X

100 x ( OIL IMERSION OBJECTIVE )c) CONDENSATOR LENS

MAXIMAL MAGNIFICATION : 1500 x



ELECTRON MICROSCOPE ( E. M )

2 JENIS :

1. TRANSMISSION EM.

2. SCANNING EM.

HASIL NYA DISEBUT :

FINE STRUCTURE ATAU ULTRA STRUCTUR E : GOLGI APPARATUS

MAXIMAL MAGNIFICATION: 400.000 x MITICHONDARIACENTRIOLEENDOPLASMIC

RETICULUMLYSOSOME



PREPARATION OF TISSUE

1. METHODS DIRECT OBSERVATION OF LIVING

CELLS2. METHODS EMPLOYED WITH DEAD CELLS

( FIXED OR PRESERVED ), PERMANENT FIXEDAND STAIN PREPARATION OF TISSUES AND

ORGANS .OBSERVATION OF LIVING TISSUES :

UNICELLULAR ORGANISM : FREE CELLS

a) → TISSUE CULTURE

b) HUMAN BLOODS CELLS→ IN THIN FILM

c) STAINING METHODS TO LIVING ANIMAL OR TOSURVIVING CELLS :



1. VITAL STAINING DYES THAT NOT HARMFUL ARE INJECTED INTO

THE LIVING ANIMAL

CONTOH : TRYPAN BLUE : UNTUK MELIHAT

AKTIVITAS PHOGOCYTOSIS DARI MACROPHAGE

.2. SUPRAVITAL STAINING

• MENAMBAHKAN BAHAN CAT KE MEDIUM DARI

CEL YANG SEBELUMNYA DIAMBIL DARI

ORGANISME .CONTOH ;

MITOCHONDRIA DENGAN JENIS GREEN

LYSOSOMES DENGAN NEUTRAL RED

NERVE FIBERS DENGAN METHYLENE BLUE



PREPARATION OF DEAD TISSUES

1. REMOVE OF THE SPECIMEN

DIAMBIL SESUDAH BINATANG MATI

AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

VERY SHARP KNIFE

2. FIXATION ;

TUJUAN :

•TO PRESERVE PROTOPLASMA

•TO AVOID TISSUE DIGESTION

BY ENZYMES ( AUTOLYSIS )



FIXATION AGENTS

FORMALIN ALCOHOL

MERCURIC BICHLORIDE

PICRID ACID , AGETIL ACID ,OSMIC ACID \

BOUIN’S FLUID : ZENKER’S FLUID

3. DEHIDRATION

• BY PASSING THROUGHINCREASING STRENGHT OF

ETHYL .ALCOHOL

( MENCUCI FIXATIVE AGENT )



4. CLEARING

TUJUAN :

WASHED ,TO REMOVE

EXCESS DEHYDRATED AGENT

CLARING AGENT :

XYLOL

CHLOROFORMBENSENE



5. EMBEDDING

TUJUAN :

TO PROVIDE RIGID SUPPORT TO THETISSUE BLOCK MAY BE CUT INTO THIN

SECTIONEMBEDDING AGENTS :

MELTED PARAFFIN OR CELOIDIN

THE TISSUE IS INFILTRATED WITH THEEMBEDDING AGENTS→TISSUE BLOCK →SECTIONED WITH MICROTOME



6. SECTIONING

THE HARDENED PARAFFIN BLOCK CONTAINING

THE EMBEDDED TISSUE IS TRIMMED,INTO

THE FORM OF BLOCK →MOUNTED ON A

MICROTOME.

CUT BY THE STEEL BLADE OF THE MICRO

TOME TO A THICKNESS: 3- 10 um

EACH SECTION IS TRANSFERED TO A

GLASS ( MICROSCOPIC SLIDE )



7. STAINING

TUJUAN :

TO ENHANCE NATURAL CONTRAST AND TOMAKE MORE EVIDENT VARIOUS CELL AND

TISSUE COMPONENS.REMOVE THE PARAFFINE SECTION BY

PLACING IN PARAFFIN SOLVENT,( XYLOLOR TOLUOL )

PRIOR TO STAINING ,THE SECTIONS ISPASSED THROUGH DESCENDINGSTRENGTHS OF ALCOHOL .



8. MOUNTING

EXCESS DYE IS REMOVED BY

WASHING

WITH WATER OR ALCOHOL

REMOVAL OF CLEARING AGENTS BY

A DROP OF CANADA BALSAM

COVERED WITH A COVERING SLIP



STAINS

1. BASOPHIL : JARINGAN ATAU SEL

YANG DAPAT MENYERAP BASIC

DYE

CONTOH : NUCLEIL ACID OF THE

NUCLEUS RNA

2. ACIDOPHIL: JARINGAN / SEL YANGDAPAT MENYERAP ACID DYE



BASIC DYE

• HAEMATOXYLINE

• IRON HAEMATOXYLINE

• TOLUIDINE BLUE • METHYLENE BLUE

• METHYL GREEN



NON TOXIC DYES

BRILIANT CRESYL BLUE

• NEUTRAL RED

• JANUS GREEN

STAIN METACHORMATICALLY :

WILL TAKE ON A COLOR DIFFERENTFROM THAT OF THE DYE EMPLOYED



METACHORMATICALLY STAINING

MUCINMATRIX OF CARTILAGE

GRANULES OF MAST CELLS

COMBINATION :

BASIC DYE AND ACID DYE

HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN ( HE )

NUCCLEAR STRUCTURE : BLUE OR DARK

PURPLE ALL CYTOPLASMIC STRUCTUREAND INTER CELLULAR SUBTANCES :PINK



SPECIAL STAINING

1. ELASTIC FIBER: • VvG

• ORCEIN

• RESORCIN FUCHSIN

2. RETICULAR FIBER:• IMPREGNASI Ag 3. LEMAK • SUDAN III

• INDIAN INK • OSMIC ACID

THE EXAMINATION AND INTERPRETATION OFSECTIONS

ONLY TWO DIMENSIONS ( NO DEPTH )

SEVERAL SECTIONS TAKES IN DEFFERENTPLANES



ARTIFACTS

NOT ALL SECTION ARE PERFECT1. SHRINKAGE

2. PRECIPITATES

3. FOLDS AND WRINGKLES

4. DEFECT IN THE ,MICROTOME KNIFE

5. ROUGH HANDLING

• MUTILATION OF THE TISSUE

6. POST MORTEM DEGENERATION

DIGESTION BY EMZIM PRESENT IN THE

TISSUE

histo awal

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