Hesaban f1[Www.riazisara.ir]

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Transcript of Hesaban f1[Www.riazisara.ir]

  • www.riazisara.ir

  • 2

    : ::::

    1 : 2 3 ... n+ + + ++ + + ++ + + ++ + + +

    :

    1 2 3 12 1 2 1 1 2 1

    1 1 2

    A ... n n(n )A ( n) ( (n )) ... (n ) A n( n) A

    A n (n ) ...

    ++++= + + + += + + + += + + + += + + + + ++++ = + + + + + + = + = = + + + + + + = + = = + + + + + + = + = = + + + + + + = + =

    = + + += + + += + + += + + +

    100n ! ====

    :

    (((( )))) (((( ))))

    2 1 1 2 3 1n

    n

    S a (a d) (a d) ... a (n )d na ... (n ) d= + + + + + + + = + + + + + = + + + + + + + = + + + + + = + + + + + + + = + + + + + = + + + + + + + = + + + + +

    : 1

    1 2 12

    (n )(n)... (n )

    + + + =+ + + =+ + + =+ + + =

    1 2 1 2 1 1

    2 2 2 2 2

    nn

    n(a a )(n )n na n(n )d n( a (n )d) n(a a (n )d)S na ( )d

    ++++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + = + = = = = = + = = = = = + = = = = = + = = = =

    : 2

    2 1

    2 2

    nn

    n(a a )n( a (n )d)S

    +++++ + + + = == == == =

    1: 2 3n nS a a a ... a= + + + += + + + += + + + += + + + 1n : + n na S S = = = =

    1 1 2 11

    1 2

    n nn n n

    n n

    S a a ... aS S a

    S a a ... a

    = + + += + + += + + += + + + = = = == + + += + + += + + += + + +

    7: 16 20a a+ =+ =+ =+ . 22 =

    :

    7 16 6 15 2 21 20a a a d a d a d+ = + + + = + =+ = + + + = + =+ = + + + = + =+ = + + + = + = 20

    2222 2 22 1

    11 2 21 2202

    [ a ( )d]S [ a d]

    + + + + = = + == = + == = + == = + =

    12 : 10, , ...

    :

    12 2 1 20 24 2 1 1 12 13

    2n

    n[ (n ) ( )]S (n ) n n

    + + + + = = = = == = = = == = = = == = = = =

    7. 30 5: 12a 5a ====

    :

    55 2 4

    30 12 2 4 2 62

    [ a d]S a d a d

    ++++= = = + + == = = + + == = = + + == = = + + =

    75

    6 12 34 6 3 4 9

    22 6

    a a dd d a a a d

    a d

    = + == + == + == + = = = = = + = = = = = + = = = = = + = = = = = + =

    + =+ =+ =+ =

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  • 3

    nnSn n : 57 2 ====++++

    :

    : t

    (((( ))))141226

    26122547

    1257

    12

    122

    11

    ============

    ====++++========

    ====++++========

    ttd

    SSt

    St

    2 n: 2nS n n= += += += . +

    :

    :

    (((( ))))2 2 2 21 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1n n na S S (n n) (n ) (n ) (n n) (n n n ) n= = + + = + + + = += = + + = + + + = += = + + = + + + = += = + + = + + + = + 7 8 9a a a+ + =+ + =+ + =+ + =

    2 7 1 2 8 1 2 9 1 51( ) ( ) ( ) + + + + + = + + + + + = + + + + + = + + + + + = :

    2 29 6 7 8 9 9 2 9 6 2 6 51S S a a a ( ) = + + = + + = = + + = + + = = + + = + + = = + + = + + =

    1 3 : 2

    10 .

    :

    5

    10

    5

    3 110 2 5 9

    1 9 5525 10

    2 2 2 2

    4 3 5

    a[ ]

    d S [ ]

    a a d a

    ==== + + + +

    = = = == = = == = = == = = == + = == + = == + = == + = =

    8. 4 :

    :

    a a

    a d (a d) a d a d

    d d a a

    a a d

    + = + + = + =+ = + + = + =+ = + + = + =+ = + + = + =

    = = + = = = = + = = = = + = = = = + = = = + == + == + == + =

    2 8

    7

    7 2 8 0 4 0

    2 4 2 12 4 8

    6 4

    88 2 8 7 2

    82

    [ ( ) ]S

    + + + + = = = = = = = =

    101 3 :

    :

    ( )a ( k ) k k ...

    + + + +< = + < < + + + + = = =< = + < < + + + + = = =< = + < < + + + + = = =< = + < < + + + + = = =

    17 3 990 3 2 1 101 0 2 1 33 0 16 3 9 99 17 51 867

    2

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  • 4

    5 5 53 17 :

    :

    : 53 17

    a d d d+ = + = = =+ = + = = =+ = + = = =+ = + = = =36

    6 53 17 6 53 66

    . :47 41 35 29 23 :

    1752

    47235====

    ++++ )(

    ::::

    nS a aq= += += += + aq++++2

    aq++++ 3 n... aq + ++ ++ ++ + 1

    nqS aq==== aq++++2 n

    ... aq+ ++ ++ ++ + 1

    nn n

    n nn

    a( q )( q)S a aq a( q ) S

    qaq

    = = = = = = = = = = = =++++

    11 1

    1

    1q . >>>>

    2 1

    1

    n aa aq aq ... aq ...

    q

    + + + + + =+ + + + + =+ + + + + =+ + + + + =

    2 : 2 2 22 31 23 9

    13 3

    ...+ + + = = =+ + + = = =+ + + = = =+ + + = = =

    19 : 27

    6

    6 3 33 36

    3 3 33

    1

    19 19 1 19 1 1 19 8 211

    27 27 27 27 27 31 1 1

    1

    a( q )

    S q ( q )( q )qq q q

    S a( q ) q q

    q

    + + + +

    = = = = + = = == = = = + = = == = = = + = = == = = = + = = =

    12: 2

    , , 5 5 ...

    :

    5 56

    1 12

    4 512a aq ( )= = == = == = == = =

    5

    1 5

    1 5

    5 6 10

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    124

    102411 1

    1512512 4

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    4

    ( ( ) )

    S

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    S( ( ) )

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    ====

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    : 3127 . ,

    :

    1 3

    : 27

    q

    aq q q q q

    >>>>= = = = == = = = == = = = == = = = =

    014 4 427 27 81 3 33

    1 : 3

    . 13 3 27 9 3 1

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  • 5

    32 16 : 3

    .

    :

    16a ==== 3 3

    432 16 1

    1 1 5 0 5 16 21 3 1 2

    aS q / q / a aq ( )

    q q= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

    . . 1:

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    99

    :

    . :

    1 : 1

    2S ====

    2 : 1 1

    2 4S = += += += +

    3 : 1 1 1

    2 4 8S = + += + += + += + +

    : n

    1 11

    1 1 1 1 12 21

    12 4 8 2 21

    2

    n

    n nn n

    ( ( ) )

    S ... ( ) S ( )

    = + + + + = = = + + + + = = = + + + + = = = + + + + = =

    99: 100

    nS . = < > = <

    .% 99 7

    : 2 4

    a aa , , , 1 ...

    2.

    :

    21

    12

    aS a= == == == =

    2 141 2 2

    1 1 2 21 1

    2 2

    a

    aq aS a S a= = = = = = == = = = = = == = = = = = == = = = = = =

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  • 6

    . 1 :

    :

    1= 3

    3

    2 2=

    3

    4 3=

    3 3 33 6

    12 41

    2

    ...+ + + = =+ + + = =+ + + = =+ + + = =

    21 3

    4 1 ====

    21 3 1 3

    2 4 4 4( )= = = = = = = = 2

    21 3 1 3

    4 4 16 4( )= = = = = = = = 3

    3 3

    34 41 3 3

    14 4

    S = = == = == = == = =

    :

    . 5 .

    . nh n :

    1

    2

    3

    1

    5

    5

    4

    5

    16

    5

    4n n

    h

    h

    h

    h

    ====

    ====

    ====

    ====

    :

    1

    10 10 1010

    4 16 4n, , , ... , , ...

    .

    1 4

    n

    : 10 40

    11 31

    4

    aS

    q= = == = == = == = =

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  • 7

    1000 . :

    50 . 9/0

    . 10000

    :

    : nS n

    1 1000S ====

    29

    1000 100010

    S = + = + = + = +

    nn

    S ( ) ( )

    S ( ) ( ) ( )

    = + + = + + = + + = + +

    = + + + + = + + + + = + + + + = + + + +

    23

    2 1

    9 91000 1000 1000

    10 10

    9 9 91000 1000 1000 1000

    10 10 10

    :

    50

    50

    91000 1

    109948 46

    91

    10

    ( ( ) )

    S /

    = = = =

    :

    1000 1000091

    110

    aS

    q= = == = == = == = =

    : .21

    21 21 21 211000 21

    1100 10000 1000000 991

    100

    / ...= + + + = == + + + = == + + + = == + + + = =

    (

    .

    :

    0 21 2199 21

    99100 21 21

    x /x x

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    ==== = = = = = = = =

    ====

    5

    38 5 34710000 385 0 38 0 005 0 0005 0 00005 0 38

    1 100 900 9001

    10

    / / / / / ... /= + + + + = + = + == + + + + = + = + == + + + + = + = + == + + + + = + = + =

    (

    :

    x / x /x x

    x /

    = == == == = = = = = = = = =

    ====

    0 385 100 38 5 347900 347

    9001000 385 5

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  • 8

    ::::

    :

    .

    :

    1( 3 2 2

    3 2

    2

    2

    2 3 1 2 1

    2 72 4 2

    7 3 1

    7 14 7

    17 8

    n n n n n

    nn n n

    n n

    n n

    n

    + + + + + + + + + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    2( 4 3 2 2

    24 3 2

    3 2

    3 2

    3 1 2 1

    2

    2 1

    2

    1

    n n n n n

    n nn n n

    n n

    n n n

    n

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + + + + + +

    : : : :

    : (r(x (q(x (B(x (P(x

    P(x) B(x)P(x) B(x).q(x) r(x)

    q(x)

    r(x)

    = + = + = + = +

    .

    :

    P(x) (x a) q(x) r= += += += + x a==== x a==== :

    P(a) (a a) q(a) r r P(a)= + == + == + == + =

    7 : 4 32 6 3 1P(x) x x x= + = + = + = + 2 4x . ++++

    :

    2 4 0 2x x+ = = + = = + = = + = = 7 4 32 2 2 6 2 3 2 1 256 96 24 1 377P( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = + = = = + = = = + = = = + = =

    . :

    5) 5a b++++ a b++++ 5 50 0a b a b ( b) b+ = = + =+ = = + =+ = = + =+ = = + =

    4) 4a b a b++++ 4 40 0a b a b ( b) b+ = = =+ = = =+ = = =+ = = =

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  • 9

    7) 7a b a b 7 70 0a b a b a a = = = = = = = = = = = =

    n :

    0n na b (a b)q(x) = + = + = + = + 2 1 2 1 0n na b (a b)q(x)+ ++ ++ ++ ++ = + ++ = + ++ = + ++ = + +

    :

    1 2 11

    1

    1 2 2

    2 2

    1

    1

    n n

    n n nn n

    n n

    n n

    n n

    n n

    n n

    a b a b

    a a b ... ba a b

    a b b

    a b a b

    a b b

    ab b

    ab b

    + + ++ + ++ + ++ + +

    nn : ax ax ++++ : ++++ 1 (n 2 (n ) 4 ) 3 . 1 :

    ====++++====

    ========++++

    ++++====

    na

    na)a()x(R

    axax

    ax)x(P

    nnnax

    nn

    2

    0

    nn n ax ax ++++ . ++++

    3 : 22 1x x x + + + + 2 3 2x x + + + +

    . :3 2 22 1 3 2 2 1P(x) x x x (x x )q(x) (ax b) (x )(x )q(x) (ax b)= + = + + + = + += + = + + + = + += + = + + + = + += + = + + + = + +

    1 1 22 3

    2 2 1 3

    P( ) a b ar(x) x

    P( ) a b b

    = + = == + = == + = == + = = = = = =

    = + = = = + = = = + = = = + = =

    x : x x + + + + 4 3 22 x 3 x + + + +2 5 4

    . :

    .

    (((( )))) (((( ))))

    r(x) ax b

    x x x x x ,

    P( ) a b

    P( ) a b

    a b aa r(x) x

    a b b

    = += += += +

    + = = = + = = = + = = = + = = =

    = + = + = = + = + = = + = + = = + = + =

    = + = + == + = + == + = + == + = + =

    + = =+ = =+ = =+ = = = = = = = = = =

    + = = + = = + = = + = =

    2 5 4 0 4 1 0 1 4

    1 1 2 1 3 3

    4 4 256 128 16 3 141

    4 141 483 144 48 51

    3 51

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  • 10

    4 : 33 2x x x + + + + 2 1x . ++++

    :

    x r(x) ( ) x( ) x x= = + = = = + = = = + = = = + = 2 21 1 3 1 2 4 1 2 x 1x = = = = 2 : x 1x = = = = 4x 2x

    .

    .

    6 : 33 1x x + + + 2 + 1x x+ ++ ++ ++ . +

    :

    2 2 31 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 1x x (x )(x x ) x x P( )+ + = + + = = = = + = + + = + + = = = = + = + + = + + = = = = + = + + = + + = = = = + = 3 1x 2 1x x+ ++ ++ ++ . +

    :

    x x x x

    x x xx x x

    x x x

    x x x

    x

    x x x

    x x

    x x

    + + + + + ++ ++ ++ +

    + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + ++ ++ ++ +

    + ++ ++ ++ +

    6 3 2

    4 36 5 4

    5 4 3

    5 4 3

    3

    3 2

    2

    2

    3 1 1

    2 2

    3 1

    2 1

    2 2 2

    2 2 1

    2 2 2

    1

    3 : 2 1ax bx x+ ++ ++ ++ 1x + 2x 4 b a ++++

    :3 21 1 1 1 4a( ) b( ) ( ) a b+ + = + =+ + = + =+ + = + =+ + = + =

    3 22 2 2 1 8 4 3 0a( ) b( ) ( ) a b + + = + + = + + = + + = + + = + + = + + = + + = 19 19 29

    8 4 4 3 0 12 19 0 412 12 12

    a ( a) a a b + + = + = = = = + + = + = = = = + + = + = = = = + + = + = = = =

    )))) : ))))xf 2x 5(((( )))) (((( ))))123 ++++++++++++==== xfxxxP 1++++x :

    (((( )))) (((( ))))(((( )))) (((( ))))

    (((( )))) (((( ))))(((( ))))

    3522111

    1

    152

    1

    23

    ====++++====++++============

    ++++++++++++====

    ====

    f?PR

    xfxxxP

    f

    1234 : ++++++++++++++++ xbxaxx 12 x . b

    :

    1234 ++++++++++++++++==== xbxaxx)x(P

    1204201

    03

    ============++++

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    abb

    ba

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    ====

    ====

    01

    01

    )(f

    )(f)x)(x( 11 12 ++++ x

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  • 11

    123 : 3 ++++++++==== axx)x(f 322 xx abx x++++2 x(f(

    x====2

    :

    )abx()x(Q)xx(axx)x(f ++++====++++++++==== 32123 23

    ========++++====

    ====++++====++++++++====

    201231

    82733016813

    baaba:x

    ababa:x

    138319 3 ++++======== xx)x(fa

    531762422 ====++++++++========++++++++==== )(fRR)x(Q)x()x(f . 2 2 x

    262 ==== )(Q53222176242 ++++++++====++++==== )(Q)(:x

    123: 23 ++++++++==== xxx)x(f 32 2 ++++x

    :

    2

    3032 22

    ========++++ xx

    2x x(f( 2

    : 3

    2

    4112

    2

    1113

    2

    91

    2

    32

    2

    33

    ++++====

    ====++++

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    ====

    xxxxx)()(xR

    )))) : )))) (((( )))) nnn xxaxxpINn 21222 ++++++++==== a x++++3 ++++

    : (((( ))))xp 3++++x (((( ))))xp 3++++x (((( )))) 03 ====p :

    (((( )))) (((( )))) (((( )))) (((( )))) (((( )))) (((( )))) (((( )))) (((( )))) (((( ))))

    (((( ))))

    (((( ))))27

    2

    3

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    3

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    03333303333

    2

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    ============++++

    ====

    ++++

    ====++++++++====++++++++==== ++++

    aaa

    a

    aap

    n

    n

    nnnnnn

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  • 12

    ::::

    :

    (a b)

    (a b) a b

    (a b) a ab b

    (a b) a a b ab b

    (a b) a ab a b ab b

    + =+ =+ =+ =

    + = ++ = ++ = ++ = +

    + = + ++ = + ++ = + ++ = + +

    + = + + ++ = + + ++ = + + ++ = + + +

    + = + + + ++ = + + + ++ = + + + ++ = + + + +

    1

    2 2 2

    3 3 2 2 3

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    1 1

    1 1

    2 1 2 1

    3 3 1 3 3 1

    4 6 4 1 4 6 4 1

    .

    1

    1 1

    1 2 1

    1 3 3 1

    1 4 6 4 1

    1 5 10 10 5 1

    :

    1 2 2

    1 2

    n n n n nn n n(a b) a a b a b ... b

    n

    + = + + + ++ = + + + ++ = + + + ++ = + + + +

    n n!i (n i)! i!

    ====

    :

    n(a -1 b)++++ 1n . ++++

    k)1 -2 n ++++( k k nn

    a b (a b)k

    ++++

    .

    : : 52 3( x y)++++)

    5 4 3 2 2 3 4 55 5 5 5 52 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 31 2 3 4 5

    ( x) ( x) ( y) ( x) ( y) ( x) ( y) ( x)( y) ( y)

    + + + + ++ + + + ++ + + + ++ + + + +

    5 4 3 2 2 4 532 240 720 1080 810 243x x y x y x y xy y= + + + + += + + + + += + + + + += + + + + +

    4 4 3 1 2 2 3 44 4 4 42 2 2 2 21 2 3 4

    (x y) x (x) ( y) x ( y) x( y) ( y)

    = + + + + = + + + + = + + + + = + + + +

    (

    4 3 2 2 3 48 24 32 16x x y x y xy y + + + + + + + +

    )921: : )x

    . ++++

    :

    ( ) : ( ) ( )x x x x x

    + = = =+ = = =+ = = =+ = = =

    3

    9 5 4

    4 4 4

    92 2 9 8 7 6 16 16 20161 1 3 42

    5 4 3 2

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  • 13

    x)81 : x: )x

    . ++++

    :

    8 8 28 81k

    k kx x

    k kx

    ====

    8 x 2 0 4k k = = = = = = = : =

    8 8 7 6 570

    4 4 3 2

    = == == == =

    42: 3( x y)++++

    :

    ( x y) ( x) ( x) ( y) ( x) ( y) ( x)( y) ( y) x x y x y xy y+ = + + + + = + + + ++ = + + + + = + + + ++ = + + + + = + + + ++ = + + + + = + + + +4 4 3 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 2 3 42 3 2 4 2 3 6 2 3 4 2 3 3 16 96 216 216 81 .

    1x y= == == == 1 y x =

    .42 3 625( )+ =+ =+ =+ : =

    2: 3 362 3n( ) b+ = ++ = ++ = ++ = . n b +

    2 3 362 3n( ) b = = = = . b

    :

    :

    1 2 22 3 2 2 3 2 3 31 2

    n n n n nn n( ) ( ) ... ( )

    + = + + + ++ = + + + ++ = + + + ++ = + + + +

    n n n n n

    A

    n n n n( ...) ( ...)

    = + + + + + += + + + + + += + + + + + += + + + + + +

    2 4 2 1 32 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 32 4 1 3

    1 1 2 22 3 2 2 3 2 31 2

    n n n nn n( ) ( ) ( ) ...

    = + + + = + + + = + + + = + + +

    n n n n

    A

    n n n( ...) [ ...] b

    = + + + + = = + + + + = = + + + + = = + + + + =

    2 2 1 32 2 3 2 3 2 3 362 32 1 3

    : :

    2 2 2 2 2 2 24 3 362 3 3 362 1 361 363 361 121 19 11 19 11 209n( ) ( ) b b ( ) ( )( ) b b = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

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  • 14

    ::::

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    .

    . :

    . .

    1 .. . 7 5 3 2

    .

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    :

    5480 2 3 5= = = =

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    1

    .. . . .

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    2 236 60 2 3 5[ , ] = = = = .. .: ..

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    ( , , ) , [ , , ]

    = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

    = = = = = = = =

    2 2

    2 2 2 4 2 2

    4

    36 2 3

    225 5 3 36 225 405 3 36 225 405 3 5 2

    405 81 5 3 5

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  • 15

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    www.riazisara.ir

  • 16

    , : , , ...4 7 10 , , , ...1 5 9

    :

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    ==== = = = = = = + = = + = = + = = + = = = =

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    :::: .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

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    www.riazisara.ir

  • 17

    . :

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    21 1 8 1 3 1 8 5 6 6 1 6

    1 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3

    www.riazisara.ir

  • 18

    ::::

    f (x) g(x)==== x0 . f (x) ====

    2 . 5 4 0x x + = + = + = + =

    :

    4 1 0 1 4(x )(x ) x , = = = = = = = =

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    = = = = x

    y a a

    www.riazisara.ir

  • 19

    : : : :

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    . .

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    m m m m m

  • 20

    2 - 3 4( b ac) : = = = = :

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    40

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    1 2 0(x x )(x x ) = = = =

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    1 2S x x= += += += 1 + 2P x x==== :2 0x Sx P + = + = + = + =

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    y x x= + = + = + = + 22 3

    xy x= + = + = + = + 2

    3

    2 2

    www.riazisara.ir

  • 21

    1: 3

    4 3

    :

    1 21

    3S x x= + = = + = = + = = + =

    1 24

    3P x x= = = = = = = =

    2 2 1 40 03 3

    x Sx P x x + = + = + = + = + = + = + = + =

    12

    2

    4

    3 4 0 3 4 1 0 3

    1

    xx x ( x )(x )

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    = = = = + = + = + = + = + = + = + = + =

    ====

    28 22:

    :

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    2 22 11 411 28 0 7 4 0

    28 7

    (x x ) x x S xx Sx P x x (x )(x )

    x x P x

    + = + = = =+ = + = = =+ = + = = =+ = + = = = + = + = = + = + = = + = + = = + = + = = = = == = == = == = =

    . : 7 4

    2 27 4 65d = + == + == + == + = 1 : 3 1 3,+ + + + .

    :

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    1 3 1 3 1 3 2P ( )( )= + = = = + = = = + = = = + = = 2 20 2 2 0x Sx P x x + = = + = = + = = + = =

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    : 2 2 2 21 2 1 2 1 22 2x x (x x ) x x S P+ = + = + = + = + = + = + = + = (

    3 3 3 31 2 1 2 1 2 1 23 3x x (x x ) x x (x x ) S PS+ = + + = + = + + = + = + + = + = + + = (

    2 2 21 2

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    1 1 2x x S P

    x x x x P

    ++++ + = =+ = =+ = =+ = ( =

    21 2 1 2 1 22 2 2x x A A x x x x S P A S P = = + = = = = + = = = = + = = = = + = = (

    x x x x S

    x x x x P

    +++++ = =+ = =+ = =+ = =1 2 1 2

    2 1 1 2

    (

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    d4

    7

    www.riazisara.ir

  • 22

    2 : 1 0x x = = = 2. = 22 + + + + (

    )

    :

    :

    1 1b c

    S , Pa a

    = + = = + = = = = + = = + = = = = + = = + = = = = + = = + = = =

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    = = = = = = = =

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    )

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    :

    m x .x P m m m (m ) m= = = = = == = = = = == = = = = == = = = = =2 2 21 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 1

    2 2x 1x: 4 1 0x x + = + = + = + 1 = 2x x

    :A

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    (x x )(x x )

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    ++++

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    1 21 2

    2 54 2 4 1 2 1 12 51

    www.riazisara.ir

  • 23

    20 ::::2222 0(a )ax bx c + + = + + = + + = + + =

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    a c b+ =+ =+ =+ c -1 =a

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    ==== + = + = + = + =

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    1

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    ====

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    1

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    x

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    = = = =

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    x(x )(x )

    x

    = = = = + + =+ + =+ + =+ + =

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    0

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    c

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    < < < <

    = = = =

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  • 24

    2 : 2 0x mx m + = + = + = + m =

    :

    b . a

    c

    a

    > > > >

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    0 .

    0 .

    0 .

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    13

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    ====

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    = + = = + = = == + = = + = = == + = = + = = == + = = + = = =1 2 1 2 1 2

    cP X X ( x )( x ) x x P

    a = = = = == = = = == = = = == = = = =1 2 1 2 1 2

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    x S x P x x ax bx ca a

    + = + = + = + = + = + = + = + = + = + = + = + =

    www.riazisara.ir

  • 25

    : . x :

    X x x X= = = = = = = = :

    2 20 0a( X) b( X) c aX bX c + + = + = + + = + = + + = + = + + = + = : )

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    1 1X X

    x x= == == == =

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    1 2 1 2

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    x x S baS X Xcx x x x P c

    a

    ++++ = + = + = = = == + = + = = = == + = + = = = == + = + = = = =

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    1 1 1 1 aP X X .

    cx x P c

    a

    = = = = == = = = == = = = == = = = =

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    x S x P x ( )x x x cx bx ac c c c

    + = + = + + = + + = + = + = + + = + + = + = + = + + = + + = + = + = + + = + + =

    :

    1 1X x

    x X= == == == =

    2 21 1 0 0a( ) b( ) c cX bX aX X

    + + = + + =+ + = + + =+ + = + + =+ + = + + =

    11 0n nn nP : a x a x a+ + + =+ + + =+ + + =+ + + =1

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    1 1 1 10 0

    nXn n n

    n n n nX x a ( ) a ( ) a a a X a Xx X X X

    = = + + + = + + + == = + + + = + + + == = + + + = + + + == = + + + = + + + =

    .

    22 : 2 0(m )x x m + = + = + = + 23 = 2 1(m )x ( m)x+ + =+ + =+ + =+ + M . =

    :

    :

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    2

    1 12 2 0

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    + = + = + = + =

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    .)

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    ==== = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

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    2 0ax bx c+ + =+ + =+ + =+ + 2 = 0a x b x c + + =+ + =+ + =+ + : =a b c

    a b c= == == == =

    2 0ax bx c+ + =+ + =+ + =+ + 2 = 0kax kbx kc+ + =+ + =+ + =+ + =

    ( ).

  • 26

    6 : 310 1 0x x + = + = + = + =

    :

    : P, S 33

    X x x X= == == == = 3 36 3 210 1 0 10 1 0( X) ( X) X X + = + = + = + = + = + = + = + =

    2 : 2 3 6 0x ( )x + + = + + = + + = + + =

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    x X x X= = = = = = = = 2 2 3 6 0( X) ( )( X) + + = + + = + + = + + =

    2 3 6 0X ( )( X) + + = + + = + + = + + = 2 2

    2 3 6 2 3 2 6 6( ) X X ( )X (X ) + = + + + = + + = + + + = + + = + + + = + + = + + + = +

    2 25 2 6 6 2 6 5 6 0( )X (X X) X X + = + + + = + = + + + = + = + + + = + = + + + =

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    :

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    x x

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    1 2 1 2 1 22 2 2 4 5 2 3 4 7P (x )(x ) x x (x x ) ( ) = + + = + + + = + + = = + + = + + + = + + = = + + = + + + = + + = = + + = + + + = + + = :

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    2 2 2

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    X x x X

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    = += += += + + ++ ++ ++ + = = = = = = = = = = = =====

    www.riazisara.ir

  • 27

    -4 + + + + .

    :

    2S = + + = = + + = = + + = = + + = 2P ( )( )= + = = + = = + = = + =

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    1++++ : . 5

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    S ( ) ( )= + + == + + == + + == + + =1 5 1 5 2

    P ( )( ) x Sx P x x= + = = + = == + = = + = == + = = + = == + = = + = =2 21 5 1 5 1 5 4 0 2 4 0 0x -5 = = = . =

    .

    . 2

    2 : . ++++3

    :

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  • 28

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  • 33

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  • 35

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  • 37

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  • 38

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  • 39

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  • 40

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  • 41

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  • 42

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  • 45

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  • 49

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  • 52

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