Extend of Ownership Enjoyment of Land [email protected]
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Extend of Ownership Enjoyment of Land [email protected]. Harta tak alih (immovable) - adalah harta yang tidak boleh dialihkan iaitu tanah dan semua yang melekat padanya. Harta (property): . Harta alih (moveable) - adalah harta selain dari hartanah termasuklah barang-barang dan chattel . . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Extend of OwnershipEnjoyment of [email protected]
ownershippossessionPemunyaan bermakna hak milik atas harta alih atau hartanah.
Pemunya tanah yg sah & berdaftar memiliki tanah melalui pemberimilikan oleh PBN @ melalui pembelian (pindahmilik) dari individu lain.
Umumnya pemunyaan termasuk:a. hak untuk memilikinya / mendudukinya b.hak eksklusif untuk menggunakan sesuatu c.hak untuk melupuskannya d.hak untuk mewariskannya selepas mati Milikan menggambarkan sesuatu yang lebih rendah kepentingannya dari pemunyaan.
Milikan bermakna sesuatu yang berada di tangan atau di dalam pemilikan/penguasaan seseorang walaupun ia bukan hak miliknya. Contohnya: penyewa tanah, penerima pajakan dan pemegang lesen pendudukan sementara (LPS).
Tidak akan ada hak (c) dan (d) di atas.Harta (property): Harta tak alih (immovable) - adalah harta yang tidak boleh dialihkan iaitu tanah dan semua yang melekat padanya.Harta alih (moveable) - adalah harta selain dari hartanah termasuklah barang-barang dan chattel. Lawful PossessionUnlawful PossessionTenant, Lease, ChargeTOLSquarterTtrespassers. 5 Registered Proprietor
Restrictions on Ownership1. Natural incident of proprietorship2. Acquired easement under s. 2863. Imposed LAROW under s. 3884. Compulsory AcquisitionPOSITIVES. 44(1)(a) and(c)NEGATIVEs. 44(1)(b)PRIVATE AGREEMENTBy STATE AUTHORITYConcept cujus est solum euis est usque ad coelum et ad inferosAIRSPACEBELOW THE SURFACEPiece of landCorbett v Hill (1870) LR Eq 671Tam Kam Cheong v Stephen Leong [1980] 1 MLJ 36
s. 441(a) Limb 1The exclusive use and enjoyment of air spaceIs there any need to balance the rights of proprietor against the rights of peopleIssuesDoes air space subject to ownership of the proprietorWoolerton and Wilson v Richard Costain Ltd [1970] 1 WLR 411Bernstein of Leigh (Baron) v Skyviews & General (1978)QB 479s. 19 (1) Civil Aviation Act 1969Does proprietors right of enjoyment affected if negligence occur resulting to material loss an damage.Karrupanan v Balakrishnen, Chong Lee Chin & Ors [1994] 3 MLJ 584s. 19 (2) Civil Aviation Act 1969Private v Public IssueCommon Law DevelopmentNational Land Code 1965Absolute - No RestrictionNot Absolute 4 considerations s. 44(1)Subject to other provisions of NLC-Subject to any other written law-Reasonable and necessary-Lawful-Kelsen v Imperial Tobacco Co (1975)2 QB 334Held: Invasion of the plaintiffs air space was a trespass and not a mere nuisance.England: Rosebery Ltd v Rocklee Ltd [2011] All ER 139Malaysia: Chen Yue Kiew v Angkasamas Sdn Bhd [2003] 4 MLJ 365
s. 441(a) Limb 2The exclusive use and enjoyment of and the land below that surface Common Law DevelopmentAbsolute - No RestrictionBulli Coal Mining v Osborne (1899) AC 351Trespass of underground; steal a neighbours coal. It may be committed in good faith. Some circumstances would render the wrongdoer liable to a prosecution of felony. National Land Code 1965Not Absolute 4 considerationss. 45(2) minerals, rock material and forest produce are belongs to State Authority.s. 70 Exception under NLC: permit.Star Energy Weald Basin Ltd v Bocardo SA [2010] UKSC 35Does drilling the well under Bocardos land an actionable trespass?Yes. The owner of the surface is the owner of the strata beneath it, including the minerals that are to be found there.Equity Corporation Sdn Bhd v Thye Sun Quarry Sdn Bhd [2002] 6 MLJ 74Defendant sought to terminate the lease. Plaintiff seeks specific performance claiming that the defendant had breach the term failing to obtain the quarry license and other permits in 1993. That leads the Authorities refused to issue a quarry license to the plaintiff in 1997.
Common Law Principles. 44(1)(b)ConceptNational Land CodeDalton v Agus (1881)Yong Joo Lin v Fung Poi Fong (1941)Ohna Mohamed Abu Bakar v Tho Yan Poh (1914)At times be acquired for uninterrupted enjoymentImmediately upon disposal by State AuthorityMadam Chah Siam v Chop Choy Kong Kongsi (1939)Guan Soon Tin Miing v Ampang Estate Ltd [1973] 1 MLJ 25Negative Right: does not give a corresponding positive right to support from the adjoining property, but merely gives a right to take action if existing natural support from the adjoining land is lost or interfered with Ainul Jaria et al, p. 95Right to the support of land in its NATURAL STATEThere is no interference of human activity. If soil erosion as a catastrophic activity, no claim against adjoining landowner. Types Support for adjacent landSupport for adjacent slope landYip Shou Shan v Sin Heap Lee Marubeni Sdn Bhd [2002] 5 MLJ 113
Land abuts on the foreshore / river / public places s. 44(1)(c)Concepts. 5 of foreshore (between shoreline and the low water mark)Subject to:Any express provision in IDT, lease or licenses. 46(1) land affected by encroachment by the sea revert to PBNs. 49 cease to form part of the land - Government of the State of Penang v BH Oon [1971] 2 MLJ 235s. 353(2) re survey of the land having natural boundaries no compensation payable by PBN - Re Sithambaram Chettiar (1955) MLJ 213Admiral Cove Development Sdn Bhd v Balakrishnan a/l Devaraj [2011] 5 MLJ 309Misrepresentation to the physical state of the property accessibility directly to the beach
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