doneebad dayofili sakiTxavi masala da kiTxvis efeqturi...

13

bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012

naTia gorgaZe

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti; samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis centri

doneebad dayofili sakiTxavi masala da

kiTxvis efeqturi swavlis meTodebi

abstraqti

statiaSi ganxilulia kiTxvis unarebis ganviTarebisTvis SemuSavebuli teqs-

tebi – `kiTxvis kibe~, romlebic doneebad dayofili wignebis saxiT aris warmodgenili, da romlebic skolis dawyebiT safexurze efeqtur damxmare masalas warmodgens. doneebad dayofili wignebi dasavleTSi arsebul gamoc-

dilebas efuZneba da kiTxvis swavlebis lingvistur, literaturul, fsiqo-

logiur da pedagogiur aspeqtebs aerTianebs. amgvari masalis doneebad gana-

wilebis principi e.w. `kiTxvadobis~ formulas efuZneba. amasTan, teqstebi Se-muSavebulia qarTuli da araqarTuli skolis moswavleTa kiTxvis donis aR-

weriTi kvlevisa da analizis safuZvelze da, Sesabamisad, iTvaliswinebs, er-

Ti mxriv, qarTuli enis specifikas da, meore mxriv, ormag wignierebaze mu-

Saobis principebs. `kiTxvis kibe~ gamiznulia saklaso oTaxSi muSaobisa da

damoukidebeli kiTxvisaTvis. Sesabamisad, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba maswav-leblis rols, mis mier arCeul swavlis meTodebsa da moswavleebTan muSao-

bis periodSi gamoyenebul strategiebs. statiaSi visaubrebT rogorc donee-

bad dayofis principebze, aseve mokled mimovixilavT im midgomebs, romelTa

gamoyenebac rekomendebulia amgvari masaliT muSaobis procesSi.

doneebad dayofili wignebis SemuSa-

vebis winapiroba kiTxvis unarebis ganviTarebaze

saubrisas, pedagogebi xSirad amax-vileben yuradRebas im gamowvevaze, romelic moswavleebisaTvis Sesafe-

risi masalis moZiebasTan aris da-

kavSirebuli. Cven xSirad gvesmis,

rom maswavleblebs klasSi uwevT axalbeda, damwyeb mkiTxvelebTan

Seusabamod rTuli an araswor kiTx-viT midgomebze dafuZnebuli masale-

biT muSaoba. moswavleebi, romlebsac

kiTxvis Seswavla axlad dawyebuli aqvT, saWiroeben imgvar sakiTxav ma-

salas, romelSic kargad aris daba-lansebuli kiTxvis mxardasaWeri

komponentebi da gamowvevebi.

`sakiTxavi masala mkiTxvelis

TviTrwmenas unda ganamtkicebdes da wignis gaazrebas/gacnobierebas

uwyobdes xels, Tumca, amasTan, mkiTxvelis winaSe garkveul amoca-nebs unda saxavdes da yuradRebis

koncentrirebas, Zalisxmevasa da

guldasmiT muSaobas moiTxovdes. –

(klei, 1991a). saxelmZRvanelo, Tavisi struq-

turis, saswavlo principisa da

upirvelesi daniSnulebidan gamomdi-nare, ver axdens moswavleebis

uzrunvelyofas imgvari masaliT, romelic zedmiwevniT zustad Seefe-

reba individualuri moswavlis kiTxvis dones. es gansakuTrebiT

TvalSisacemia imgvar saganmanaT-

14


leblo konteqstSi, sadac wigniereba

saswavlo gegmaSi damoukidebel disciplinad ar aris ganxiluli.

Sesabamisad, doneebad dayofili

teqstebi efeqtur damxmare masalas

warmoadgens moswavleebis wigniere-bisa da kiTxvis unarebis etapobrivi ganviTarebisaTvis.

Tumca, bolo xanebSi bevri kri-tika ismis doneebad dayofili masa-

lis garSemo. mecnierebi da pedago-

gebi saubroben im uzarmazar ener-

giaze, drosa da finansebze, romel-ic doneebad dayofili masalebis

Seqmnas sWirdeba. (Ziadlovi, peter-

soni, 2005). specialistebis wuxili mxolod resursebs ar ukavSirdeba.

isini fiqroben, rom doneebad dayo-

fili masala maswavlebels `modune-

bis~ saSualebas aZlevs, radgan mas-wavlebeli zedmetad aris `mindobi-

li~ formulebze da, faqtobrivad,

moswavlis Sefasebas teqstebis do-

nis mixedviT axdens. Cven nawilobriv veTanxmebiT am mosazrebas da do-

neebad dayofil masalas aramc da

aramc ar miviCnevT erTaderT an wa-myvan saSualebad wignierebis ganvi-

Tarebisa da kiTxvis kompetenciebis gaumjobesebisaTvis.

sanam uSualod doneebad dayofi-li wignebis, maTi specifikisa da ga-

nawilebis principebis mimoxilvas daviwyebdeT, mokled unda SevexoT moswavleebis kiTxvis doneebs, rac

individualuri moswavlis wigniere-basTan da kiTxvis gamocdilebasTan

aris dakavSirebuli. swored es ur-TierTmimarTeba ganapirobebs sakiT-

xavi masalis Sesaferisobas. sakiTxa-vi masala individualur mkiTxvel-

Tan mimarTebiT sam doned ganixile-

ba: damoukideblad sakiTxavi, in-struqciuli / saswavlo da fru-

straciuli. mokled mimovixiloT sakiTxavi

masalis doneebi:

damoukidebeli kiTxvis done

1. moswavle kiTxulobs sityvebis 99-100%-s uSecdomod;

2. kiTxvis dros azrobriv

aqcentebs sworad anawilebs;

3. Sinaarsis gadmocemisas, ZiriTadi masala sworad aris organizebuli;

4. movlenaTa Tanmimdevroba sworia;

5. moswavle aanalizebs teqstis

struqturas.

moswavle ambobs, rom teqsti martivia.

instruqciuli / saswavlo kiTxvis done

am doneze moswavle maqsimalu-

rad viTardeba, rogorc mkiTxveli.

idealur instruqciul / saswavlo kiTxvis doneze:

1. moswavle grZnobs gamowvevas,

magram ar aris frustrirebu-

li; 2. moswavle Tavisufalia stre-

sisgan, romelic siZneleebTan

aris dakavSirebuli; 3. moswavles SeuZlia sityvebis

95-98%-is sworad dekodireba da sityvaTa 60-75%-is gaazreba;

4. Sinaarsis moyolisas, ZiriTadi fabula da Sinaarsi gadmoce-

mulia; 5. am doneze moswavle cdilobs,

kiTxvis axali strategiebi ga-

moiyenos maqsimaluri gaazre-bisTvis.

moswavle ambobs, rom xvdeba, ra is-wavla teqstidan. `zogi sityva rTu-lia, magram maswavleblis daxmarebis Semdeg kiTxva miadvildeba da vxvde-bi, rom wakiTxuli sainteresoa.~ frustraciuli kiTxvis done

Tu moswavles ar SeuZlia teqs-tis dekodireba da gaanalizeba, ver

axdens teqstis Sefasebas, maSin

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teqsti frustraciulia misTvis. am

donis masalaze muSaobisas: 1. moswavle uSvebs bevr Secdo-

mas; 2. kiTxvis ritmi darRveulia da

moswavlis intonacia _ arabu-nebrivi;

3. moswavles uWirs sityvebis sworad dekodireba da gaazre-ba daxmarebis xarisxis miux-edavad;

4. SeuZlia mxolod 10-20% sity-vebis sworad dekodireba da iazrebs sityvebis 50 an nakleb procents;

5. moyolisas, Sinaarss srulad ver ixsenebs an SemTxveviT, fragmentulad gadmoscems;

6. logikuri Tanmimdevroba moyolis dros ar igrZnoba;

7. maswavleblis kiTxvebs ver pa-suxobs.

moswavle ambobs, rom es teqsti Za-lian rTulia da `ver itans am saSi-nel istorias!~

kiTxvis doneebad dayofili masa-

lis upiratesoba swored isaa, rom

masalis siuxve da sirTulis ganm-

sazRvreli formulis mravali kom-ponentis gamo, is saSualebas iZleva,

kargad upasuxos kiTxvisas moswav-

lis individualur SesaZleblobebs.

cxadia, saklaso oTaxSi muSaobis dros maswavlebels ar aqvs imis sa-

Sualeba, rom TiToeul moswavles-

Tan cal-calke imuSaos gansxvavebul

teqstze. Tumca, doneebis ganm-sazRvreli komponentebis mravalfe-rovneba mas saSualebas aZlevs,

swored im aspeqtebze gaamaxvilos yuradReba, romlebic konkretuli

moswavlisaTvis warmoadgens sir-

Tules.

mokled ganvixiloT `kiTxvis kibe~, misi ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi

da Semadgeneli masalis doneebad

dayofis kriteriumebi. `kiTxvis kibe~ `samoqalaqo inte-

graciisa da erovnebaTSorisi ur-

TierTobebis centris~ mier SemuSav-

da euTos erovnuli umciresobebis umaRlesi komisris (euuki) ofisis

dafinansebiT ganxorcielebuli

proeqtis - `ganaTlebis reformis

xelSewyoba erovnul umciresobaTa skolebSi~ farglebSi. `kiTxvis kibe-

Si~ gaerTianebuli teqstebis gadana-

wileba pirobiTad or aspeqtad xde-ba:

1. teqstebis kategoriebi; 2. doneebad dayofis kriteriumebi.

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kiTxvis kibe~ ramdenime katego-riad da doned dawyobil 417 wigns

aerTianebs. aqedan 200 – doneebad

dayofili teqstia, 117 _ seriuli,

xolo danarCeni ki fonetikur teqs-tebs aerTianebs.

mokled mimovixiloT TiToeuli

kategoria da doneebad dayofis kri-teriumebi:

fonetikuri teqstebi

fonetikuri teqstebis gamoyeneba kiTxvis swavlis dawyebiTi etapidan

aris mizanSewonili. Tumca, sirTu-

lis TandaTanobiT zrdasTan erTad, isini tranzituli mkiTxvelisTvisac

SeiZleba gamoviyenoT.

amasTan, teqstebi 3 kategoriad

aris dayofili.

`xati sityvebis~ principi - ro-

melic mTliani sityvis principiT

muSaobis midgomazea dafuZnebuli da maRalsixSirul sityvebzea agebuli

anbanuri Tanmimdevrobis principis

gaTvaliswinebiT. `xati sityvebiT~ ganvmartavT imgvar sityvebs, rom-

lebic maRalsixSirulia da romel-Ta dekodireba umal, sityvis doneze

xdeba. `xati-sityvebis~ wasakiTxad aso-bgerebisa da marcvlebis doneze

dekodireba ar warmoadgens auci-leblobas. sityvebi ganlagebulia anbanis asoebis sirTulis principiT

da TiToeuli wigni erTi aso-bgeris mTliani sityvis meTodiT Seswav-

las/codnis gamyarebas gulisxmobs. `xati sityvebis~ kategoriaSi gaer-

Tianebuli wignebi mdidari ilu-straciuri mxardaWeriT xasiaTdeba.

sirTule ki anbanis aso-bgerebis

Seswavlis Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT izrdeba. mag. pirveli teqstebi `a~,

`g~, `T~ da sxva aso-bgerebis Semc-vel maRalsixSirul `xat-sityvebzea~

agebuli, bolo wignebi ki `j~, `W~

`J~ da a.S. aso-bgerebis Semcvel `xat sityvebs~ aerTianebs.

fonetikur midgomaze dafuZnebuli

wignebi doneebad dayofili wignebiT

swavlebisas, mizanSewonilad migvaC-

nia holistikuri (mTliani) midgomis

gamoyeneba. Tumca, meore enis pedago-

gebis gamokiTxvisa da saklaso mu-

Saobis dakvirvebis Sedegad dadgin-

da, rom efeqturia fonetikur midgo-

mebze dafuZnebuli wignebis SemuSa-

vebac. amgvari teqstebis Seqmnis au-

cilebloba ramdenime faqtoriT aris

ganpirobebuli. 1. axalbeda mkiTxve-

lebs, romlebsac metwilad skolam-

deli ganaTlebis SesaZlebloba ar

hqoniaT, ar gaaCniaT an naklebad

aqvT nabeWd teqstTan urTierTobis

gamocdileba da unarebi, romelic 2-

5 wlis asakSi unda ganviTardes da

romlis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi: bavS-

vi unda avlendes cnobismoyvareobas

wignebsa da kiTxvasTan mimarTebiT;

Tavi mohqondes, TiTqos kiTxulobs

da wers; eyrdnobodes suraTebs da

cdilobdes maT mixedviT mohyves is-

torias; SesaZloa, icodes ramdenime

aso da SeeZlos maTi bgerasTan da-

kavSireba; iswrafvodes wignebis er-

Toblivi kiTxvisaken. cxadia, yvela

es qmedeba dakavSirebulia kiTxvisT-

vis Sesamzadebeli aqtivobebis gan-

xorcielebasTan. msgavsi aqtivobebi

ki, skolamdel asakSi, samwuxarod,

naklebad xorcieldeba. es gansaku-

TrebiT aqtualuria araqarTuli

skolis moswavleebisTvis. 2. maTTvis

aseve siZneleebs qmnis qarTulis,

rogorc meore enis, mSobliuri enis

paralelurad swavlis dawyebac.

qarTveli bavSvebis SemTxvevaSi, imave

problemas ucxo enasTan mimarTebiT

vxvdebiT. 3. moswavleebi naklebad

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arian dakavebuli damoukidebeli

kiTxviT. qarTveli bavSvebis SemTxve-

vaSi es metwilad mSoblebis kiTxvis

aucileblobasTan arasaTanado da-

mokidebulebiT an Svilebis swavlis

procesSi arasakmarisi monawileobiT

aris ganpirobebuli. araqarTul

ojaxebSi igive problema metwilad

gamowveulia, erTi mxriv, ojaxebis

arasaTanado cnobierebiT, meore

mxriv ki, qarTuli garemos naklebo-

biT. am mizezebis gamo, anbanis swav-

lis etapi sakmaod xangrZlivi da

rTuli procesia. maswavleblebi aR-

niSnaven, rom kiTxvis process mos-

wavleebi Zalian mcire dros uTmo-

ben. swored amitom, asoebis daswav-

la, da miT ufro mTlian sityvebSi,

maTi sworad dekodireba garTule-

bulia. Cven mizanSewonilad miviC-

nieT, `xati sityvebis~ koncefciaze

agebuli wignebis paralelurad, fo-

netikur koncefciaze agebuli teqs-

tebic SegvemuSavebina. savaraudod,

msgavsi midgoma anbanis daswavlis

process ufro efeqturs gaxdis. Se-

sabamisad, amgvari wignebi fonetiku-

ri midgomis principebzea dafuZne-

buli da qarTuli anbanis Seswavlis

tradiciul Tanmimdevrobas imeorebs.

amasTan, wignebi ilustraciebiT aris

gamdidrebuli da leqsikis mraval-

ferovnebiT gamoirCeva.

holistikur (mTlian) midgomaze da-

fuZnebuli wignebi

amgvari wignebi doneebad dayofi-

li wignebisaTvis SemuSavebul kri-

teriumebs efuZneba, Tumca gansaku-

Trebuli yuradReba leqsikuri mara-

gis gamdidrebazea gamaxvilebuli.

wignebSi koncentrirebulia `prob-

lemuri~ aso-bgerebisgan Sedgenili

sityvebi. amasTan, beWduri, Tematur-

Sinaarsobrivi, struqturul-Janrob-

rivi da enobriv-literaturuli

maxasiaTeblebia gaTvaliswinebuli.

sagulisxmoa, rom amgvari wignebi

sami tipis fonetikuri amocanis

Semcvelia:

a. asos dekodirebasTan dakavSire-

buli problema. amgvari problema

dakavSirebulia vizualur gaazre-

basTan. am dros moswavle arasworad

wers / erTmaneTSi urevs asoebs (“Z~,

`x~ da `s~, `w~ da `S~, `j~ da `W~ da

sxva);

b. bgeris dekodirebasTan dakavSi-

rebuli problema, romelic bgeris

arasworad dekodirebasTan aris da-

kavSirebuli. magaliTad, `T~ da `t~,

xandaxan `d~, aseve: `g~-`q~-`k~, `Z~-`c~-

`w~ da sxva.

g. aso-bgeris dekodirebasTan da-

kavSirebuli problema. `rTuli~ aso-

bgerebi, romlebic mSobliur enasTan

sinTezis dros araTavsebadia. `W~,

Y~y~, `J~...

aqve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom

bgeris dekodirebasTan dakavSire-

buli teqstebi gamoiyeneba mxolod

qarTulis, rogorc aramSobliuri

enis SeswavlisaTvis. mSobliuri enis

SemTxvevaSi, msgavsi problemebi nak-

lebad aqtualuria, Tumca, proble-

mis sruliad ignorieba mSobliuri

enis SemTxvevaSi mizanSewonili ar

aris. holistikur midgomaze dafuZne-

buli wignebi amocanis gadasaWrelad

Semdeg principzea agebuli: teqstebi

mocemulia individualur problemur

aso-bgeraze. magaliTad, calke teqs-

ti `t~ asoze, calke - `T~-ze. momdev-

no teqstSi orive problemuri aso

gaerTianebulia.

doneebad dayofili teqstebi

doneebad dayofili wignebi

sirTulis mixedviT daxarisxebuli

patar-patara teqstebis erTobliobaa,

18


romlebic oTxi maxasiaTeblis

farglebSi gaerTianebuli formulis

mixedviT, moswavleebis kiTxviTi

gamocdilebis safexurebriv zrdas

uzrunvelyofs. es maxasiaTeblebia:

wignebisa da nabeWdi masalis

maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic gverde-

bis sigrZisa da TiToeul gverdze

sityvisa da winadadebebis mocu-

lobis kontrols gulisxmobs. am

kriteriumSia gaerTianebuli aseve

beWdvis dizaini. magaliTad,

gverdis Tavi da bolo, punq-

tuaciis tipebi, ilustraciuli

mxardaWera da beWdviTi nawilisa

da ilustraciuli mxardaWeris

Tanafardoba.

• Tematur-Sinaarsobrivi maxasia-

Teblebi - kiTxvis unaris

ganviTarebasTan erTad, teqstebis

Sinaarsi, Tematika da ideebi ufro

da ufro kompleqsuri xdeba.

• struqturul-Janrobrivi maxasi-

aTeblebi - kriteriumebis erTob-

liobaa, romlebic gansazRvraven,

Tu ra saxiTaa masala warmod-

genili. es SeiZleba iyos

naratiuli (TxrobiTi) teqsti,

romelic moTxrobis, eses an

novelis formatiTaa warmod-

genili da siuJetis gan-viTarebis

safexurebs, moqmedebis adgils,

problemisa da misi gadawyvetis

damaxasiaTebel formebs aerTia-

nebs.

• enobriv-literaturuli maxa-

siaTeblebi doneebad dayofili

masalis rogorc Tvisebriv, aseve

raodenobriv aspeqtebs asaxavs da

avtoris xedvas, Sexedulebebs,

literaturul xerxebs (mag, omo-

nimebi, metaforebi), enobriv

struqturebs (winadadebebis

struqtura, paragrafis wyoba),

leqsikisa da sityvebis (maRal-

sixSiruli, maRalSinaarsobrivi,

Zireuli da warmoqmnili) arCevans

ganapirobebs.

am maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswine-

biT, doneebad dayofili masala

specialuri formulis gamoyenebiT

aris SemuSavebuli. es formula ki

Semdeg kriteriumebs aerTianebs:

− sityvaTa sruli raodenoba; − rTul sityvaTa sruli raodeno-

ba; − maRalsixSiruli sityvebis sru-

li raodenoba; − dabalsixSiruli da tranzituli

sityvebis sruli raodenoba; − sxvadasxva tipis sityvebis Tana-

fardoba teqstSi mocemul sity-vaTa srul raodenobasTan;

− winadadebis sigrZe; − winadadebis sirTule; − teqstis prognozirebadoba; − enobriv-gramatikuli struqture-

bi da maTi ganmeorebis sixSire; − literaturuli maxasiaTeblebi; − sityvaTa raodenoba TiToeul

gverdze; − gaformeba, ilustraciuli mxar-

daWeris moculoba; − konceptualuri CarCo; − nacnobi Tematika; − teqstis Janri da struqtura. kriteriumebis amgvari erTobli-

oba muSaobis procesSi TandaTan Ca-

moyalibda. igi msoflios sxvadasxva

qveyanaSi sakiTxavi masalis doneebad

dayofis mdidar gamocdilebazea da-

fuZnebuli. Tumca, sxvadasxva avto-

ris mier gamomuSavebuli formule-

bisa da kriteriumebis yuradRebiT

Seswavlis Semdeg, qarTulis enis

specifikisa da arsebuli saWiroebe-

bis gaTvaliswinebiT, am saxiT Ca-

moyalibda. formulaSi gaerTianebu-

li kriteriumebis urTierTmimarTeba

da maTi cvlileba ganapirobebs wig-

nis konkretul dones. kriteriumebi

doneTa mixedviT pirobiTad Semdeg-

nairad aris ganawilebuli da aRwe-

rili:

19


me-3 done: 3-8 sityva TiTo winadadebaSi, 4-6 sityva saSualod; 1-2 striqoni TiTo gverdze; 50-80 sityva sul; dasrulebuli winadadebebi; martivi Tandebulebi da Sesava-li nawili; maqs. 2-4 maRalsixSiruli axali sityva; enobrivi struqtura SeiZleba gansxvavebuli iyos pirvel da bolo gverdebze; maRalprognozirebadi; nacnobi Temati-ka; Tanamimdevruli teqsturi wyoba; maqsimum 8 gverdi.

me-7 done: 130-180 sityva sul; 3-8 striqoni TiTo winadadebaSi; 2-12 sityva winadadebaSi; teqsturi ganlageba cvalebadia; prognozirebadi ena da enobrivi konstruqciebi war-modgenilia; 2-4 sityvis cvlileba teqstis SuaSi, romelic struqturul erToblioba-Sia; dasawyisi da bolo gverdebi gansxvavebuli struqturiTaa mocemuli; teqstis gark-veuli nawilis ganmeoreba SesaZlebelia wina gverdebidan; mkafio Tanamimdevroba; ilu-straciebze naklebi damokidebuleba; 10 gverdi saSualod. me-10 done: 250-320 sityva sul; 3-10 striqoni TiTo gverdze; 8 sityva saSualod winada-debaSi; winadadebis garTulebuli forma; maRalsixSiruli sityvebis ufro iSviaTi ganmeoreba; struqturaze naklebi damokidebuleba; gansazRvruli leqsika moTxrobis leqsikis ganmeorebiTi moxmarebiT; ilustraciebze naklebi damokidebuleba; 12-14 gverdi saSualod. me-16 done: 920-1200 sityva sul; 9-11 sityva saSualod winadadebaSi; rTuli winadadebebi; ufro standartizebuli leqsikoni; ilustraciebi mxolod mniSvnelobis gaZlierebisT-vis gamoiyeneba; sarCevi, minawerebi, indeqsi, leqsikoni (glosari); cxrilebi da Cartebi; garTulebuli konceptualuri CarCo; 20-24 gverdi. SemuSavebuli maxasiaTeblebis garda, doneebad dayofili teqstebi

ramdenime sagulisxmo pirobas moi-cavs: (1) amgvar teqstebze muSaobi-

saTvis, marTebulad migvaCnia Si-naarsze dafuZnebuli midgomis ga-

moyeneba. Sinaarsze dafuZnebuli midgoma kiTxvis unarebis efeqturi

ganviTarebis Cveneuli xedvaa. am

koncefcias detalurad sxva publi-kaciebSi ganvixilavT. (2) am tipis

masala instruqciuli/saswavlo kiTxvis dones unda akmayofilebdes

da, Sesabamisad, ZiriTadad saklaso oTaxSi muSaobisaTvis aris gamiznu-

li. (3) rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,

teqsti formulaSi gaerTianebuli kriteriumebis erTobliobis mixed-

viTaa doneebad dayofili, Tumca TiToeul teqstSi erTi an ramdenime

kriteriumi ufro mkafiod aris ga-moxatuli da teqstze muSaobis pro-

cesSi es kriteriumi/kriteriumebi mTavar amocanebs ayali-

bebs/ayalibeben.

TvalsaCinoebisTvis, mokled gan-vixiloT formulis TiToeuli kri-

teriumi erT-erTi teqstis maga-liTze. amgvarad SevZlebT im meTo-

debisa da midgomebis gansazRvras, romlebic efeqturad ganaviTarebs

kiTxvis unarebs.

bebia Camovida dRes bebia Camovida soflidan. man soflidan kalaTi Camoitana. bebias kalaTi mZimea. kalaTSi bevri xilia. kalaTSia leRvi, yurZeni, qliavi, atami, msxali da vaSli. bebiam kalaTidan xili amoalaga: jer leRvi amoiRo. Semdeg yurZeni amoiRo. Semdeg qliavi amoiRo. Semdeg atami amoiRo. Semdeg msxali amoiRo. da bolos, bebiam vaSli amoiRo. axla bebias kalaTi carielia. axla bebias kalaTi msubuqia.

20


teqsti `kiTxvis kibis~ mesame do-nis wignia. es ar gulisxmobs, rom

teqsti aucileblad pirveli, meore

an mesame klasis moswavlisTvisaa

gankuTvnili. doneebad dayofili wignebi ara klasebis mixedviT, aramed kiTxvis unarebis ganviTare-

bis donis mixedviTaa dayofili. Se-sabamisad, vvaraudobT, rom teqstma

1-dan me-3 klasis CaTvliT moswav-

leebTan unda imuSaos efeqturad.

gavaanalizoT teqsti formulis kriteriumebis mixedviT:

sityvaTa sruli raodenoba - 53

(saTauris CaTvliT _ 55).

rTul sityvaTa sruli raodeno-ba - àmoalaga~, warmoebidan ga-

momdinare, ar aris maRalsixSi-ruli sityva. `yurZeni~ - foneti-kuri sirTulis matarebeli

SeiZleba iyos. `jer,~ `Semdeg~, `bolos~ - tranzituli sityvebia.

maTi gadmocema mxolod kon-teqstSia SesaZlebeli.

maRalsixSiruli sityvebis sru-

li raodenoba - 11 sityva. `dRes~, `bebia~, `kalaTi~, `da~, `bevri~,

`xili~, `vaSli~, àtami~, `msxa-

li~, `carieli~, `msubuqi~. (Tumca, sityvebi maRalsixSirulia, maT

sixSireSi gansxvaveba, cxadia, arsebobs).

dabalsixSiruli da/an tranzi-

tuli sityvebis sruli raodeno-ba - àmoiRo~, àxla~, `Semdeg,

jer, bolos~. sul 5 sityva.

sxvadasxva tipis sityvebis Tana-fardoba teqstSi mocemul sity-vaTa srul raodenobasTan; - 55/11 maRalsixSiruli/5 dabalsixSi-

ruli, rTuli da/an tranzituli. (teqsti mesame donisaa, Sesabami-

sad, orfuZiani, nawarmoebi, dar-

gobrivi, saerTaSoriso da sxva tipis rTuli sityvebi ar gvxvde-

ba.)

winadadebis sigrZe - saSualod, 4

sityva. erTi winadadeba grZelia da 8 sityvisgan Sedgeba. (kalaT-Sia leRvi, yurZeni, qliavi, atami, msxali da vaSli). es winadadeba teqstis erT-erTi amocanaa, ro-melzec qvemoT visaubrebT.

winadadebis sirTule - mTavari

sirTulea grZeli, wina krite-riumSi mocemuli winadadeba.

aseve, sirTules warmoadgens `da bolos, bebiam vaSli amoiRo~, sadac CarTuli mZimiT gamoiyofa.

teqstis prognozirebadoba - teqstSi prognozireba Zalian

uxvi raodenobiTaa mocemuli.

1. ilustraciuli mxardaWera. (wignis SemTxvevaSi _ mocemulia

pirveli winadadebis gaswvriv bebia ukana planze _ soflis foniT, Semdegze _ bebia mZime

kalaTiT, karebTan, kidev Sem-

degze _ bebia oTaxSi xilis

amolagebis procesSi. xilis amoRebis procesis amsaxveli

TiToeuli winadadebis gaswvriv mocemulia dasaxelebuli xili.

bolo suraTze ki, daxatulia

carieli kalaTi). 2. komulaciuri Tanmimdevroba,

(romlis yvelaze mkafiod aRqma SesaZlebelia iseTi nacnobi

leqsis magaliTze, rogoricaa `Txam venaxi SeWama~. Cveni teqs-

tis SemTxvevaSi ki, rTul wina-

dadebaSi xili imave Tanmimde-

vrobiT Semdeg winadadebebSia dasaxelebuli). 3. repeticiuli xasiaTis fraze-

bi - (`Semdeg yurZeni amoiRo, Semdeg qliavi amoiRo, Semdeg atami amoiRo, Semdeg msxali amoiRo), aseve axla bebias ka-laTi carielia. axla bebias kalaTi msubuqia~.

enobriv-gramatikuli konstruq-

ciebi da literaturuli max-

21


asiaTeblebi - teqstSi uxvadaa mocemuli erTgvarovani enobrivi konstruqciebi, romelTa deta-

luri ganxilva saWiroebas ar

warmoadgens. radgan masala da-

bali safexurisaa, ena da lite-raturuli maxasiaTeblebi marti-via. aq naklebadaa mocemuli av-

toris individualuri xedva.

sityvaTa raodenoba TiToeul gverdze, gverdebis raodenoba -

wignSi sityvaTa raodenoba Ti-Toeul gverdze 3-dan 11-mde me-

ryeobs. wigni 8 gverdisgan Sed-geba.

gaformeba, ilustraciuli mxar-

daWeris moculoba - es kriteri-umi detalurad aris ganxiluli

prognozirebadobis aRwerisas.

konceptualuri CarCo - teqsti

agebulia rigiTobis principiT: `jer... Semdeg.... Semdeg... da bo-

los~, rac moswavleebs, erTi

mxriv, am tipis enobriv-

gramatikul struqturas aswav-lis an arsebul codnas amyarebs,

meore mxriv ki, rigiTobis prin-cipis ukeT gaazrebas uwyobs

xels. amasTan, moswavle iazrebs

im logikas, romelic arsebobs xilis amolagebis principTan mi-

marTebiT (jer rbili da advi-lad fuWebadi xili amogvaqvs,

Semdeg ki _ ufro magari).

nacnobi Tematika - teqstSi moce-muli Tematika kargad aris nac-

nobi damwyebi mkiTxvelebisaTvis da iZleva saSualebas, kiTxvis

dawyebamde, rac maTTvis komfor-tulia da kiTxvis motivacias

zrdis.

teqstis Janri da struqtura - teqsti mxatvrul-TxrobiTi Ja-

nrisaa. struqturulad dabalan-

sebulia. (a) pirveli winadadebe-bi, romlebic martivi da moklea,

teqstSi Sesaval nawils war-moadgens. Sua nawili, romelic

maRalprognozirebadi, erTgvaro-

vani struqturiT, Tumca sainte-reso konceptualuri CarCoTi

xasiaTdeba. da bolos, daskvna,

romelic teqstSi aRwerili is-

toriis erTgvar Sejamebas war-modgens.

Cven ukve aRvniSneT, rom doneebad

dayofili wignebi saklaso muSao-bisTvis aris gamiznuli. imisaTvis,

rom warmodgena Segveqmnas, ratom

gvaqvs imis molodini, rom msgavsi

teqstebi efeqturi iqneba moswavlee-bis kiTxvis unarebis ganviTarebisaT-

vis, mokled unda ganvixiloT im me-

Todebisa da strategiebis magaliTe-bi, romelTa gamoyenebac mizanSewo-

nilad migvaCnia konkretul teqstTan

mimarTebiT. teqstze muSaobis dawye-

bamde, maswavlebelma unda gan-sazRvros teqstSi amocanebi. Cveni

xedviT, am teqstSi Semdegi amocane-

bia mocemuli:

1. sityvebis dekodireba da gaazre-ba, maT Soris xilis saxeobebis

dakavSireba winare gamocdile-

basTan. 2. Tanmimdevrobis maCvenebeli sity-

vebi (e. w. logikuri kvantorebi) `jer~, `Semdeg~, `da bolos~.

3. rigiTobis aRqma - rTul, 8-sityvian winadadebaSi mocemuli

xili mogvianebiT rogori rigi-TobiT nawildeba amoRebis pro-cesSi.

4. daskvnis gamotanis amocana - radgan bebiam xili sul amoiRo,

ese igi kalaTa carielia. carie-li kalaTa ki msubuqia.

1. kiTxvamde, kiTxvis da kiTxvis

Semdgomi faza – kiTxvis dawyebamde moswavleebi `Segvyavs~ teqstSi. amav-droulad, vaaqtiurebT maT winare gamocdilebas. maswavlebelma SeiZ-

leba Semdegi kiTxvebi dausvas mos-wavleebs: visi bebia cxovrobs so-

felSi? aqvs Tu ara bebiis sacxo-

22


vrebel saxls baRi, sadac bevri xi-

li xarobs? romeli xili gausin-javT? romeli xili uyvarT? da a.S.

kiTxvis faza sasurvelia, rom drois

garkveul monakveTs moicavdes. peda-

gogi moswavleebs aZlevs saSuale-bas, Cumad waikiTxon teqsti. mogvia-nebiT, kiTxulobs, Tu surs rome-

lime moswavles (moswavleebs) xma-maRla waikiTxos teqsti. Tu amgvari

moswavleebi aRmoCdnen, monacvleo-

biT akiTxebs teqsts. pedagogi winas-

war aTanxmebs moswavleebTan kiTxvis zomier temps da mkafio diqcias. Tu

moswavleebi ar gamoTqvamen xmamaRla

kiTxvis survils, pedagogi Tavad kiTxulobs mas gamdidrebuli mety-

velebiT. (intonaciuri xveulebi, mcire Jestikulacia, mkafio diqcia,

mcire da logikuri pauzebi teqstis nawilebs Soris.) kiTxvis Semdgomi faza moicavs kiTxvebs: ra gaiges

moswavleebma? ra ver gaiges? romeli

sityva ver gaiges? (ucnob sityvebze muSaobas maswavlebeli Semdeg

etapze iwyebs). ra moewonaT? (SeiZ-

leba moswavles romelime sityvac ki moewonos an gamoxatos msgavsi noba-

TiT sakuTari bebiis naxvis survi-li).

2. `sityvis ieriSis~ strategia – ga-

moiyeneba ucnobi sityvebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. sityvis ieriSis strate-giebis gamoyeneba exmareba moswavles

sityvis dekodirebaSi, mis sworad warmoTqmaSi da Sinaarsis gagebaSi.

a. sityvis nel-nela da mravalje-

radad warmoqmna b. suraTebSi mocemuli informa-

ciis gamoyeneba.

g. sityvis ganxilva nawilebad.

d. sityvis dakavSireba moswavlee-bisTvis nacnob sityvas-

Tan/sityvebTan.

e. winadadebis ramdenjerme wa-kiTxva.

v. kiTxvis gagrZeleba. (daveyrdnoT

frazis Sinaarss. Tu sityva Semdeg winadadebebSic meordeba, Sevada-

roT winadadebebi. ras SeiZleba

sityva niSnavdes orive winadade-

baSi?) Semdegi savarjiSoebis Sesrulebis win maswavlebeli sTxovs bavSvebs, cota xniT gverdze gadadon teqsti.

3. rigiTobis principi – am etapze

maswavlebelma, sasurvelia, rom we-

riTi davaleba Seasrulebinos moswavleebs. sasurvelia davalebis

mcire, 2-4 kacian jgufebSi Sesrule-

ba. maswavlebeli bavSvebs urigebs cxrils. weriTi samuSaos dasrule-

bis Semdeg, ganxilva xdeba mTel jgufSi. maswavlebeli kiTxulobs

cxrilSi mocemul sityvebs da mos-wavleebi moxaliseobis principiT

pasuxoben, savaraudod _ jgufurad.

4. dakavSireba winare codnasTan -

maswavlebeli urigebs bavSvebs venis diagramas. bavSvebi individualurad

23


muSaoben. nebismieri savarjiSos Se-

srulebis win, maswavlebelma naT-lad unda auxsnas moswavleebs amo-

cana. keTebis procesSi maswavlebeli

exmareba moswavleebs. Tumca daxma-

reba instruqciulia da ar gulisx-mobs leqsikur daxmarebas. amocanebi: 1. rigiTobis principis (logikuri kvantoris) `jer, Semdeg, da bolos~ daswavla. misi dakavSireba sxva kon-teqstTan. daswavla saxecvlili sax-iT principis gagebisaTvis. 2. dakav-Sireba sakuTar gamocdilebasTan; 3. arsebuli leqsikuri maragis gaaqti-ureba; 4. msgavsebis (ra miyvars iqi-dan, rac bebiam amoalaga) da kon-trastis (ra xilia, rac me miyvars, magram bebiam ar amoalaga) gaazreba. 5. rTuli sityvis àmoalaga~ mra-valjeradi gameoreba da daswavla.

5. rTuli sityvis daswavla da

ganmtkiceba - maswavlebeli dafaze

wers sityvas àmoalaga~. maswavle-beli sTxovs bavSvebs, daasaxelon,

magaliTad, ra amoalaga romelime

maTganma, vTqvaT, anam, CanTidan... mas-wavlebeli imeorebs: ànam CanTidan

amoalaga....~ bavSvebi asaxeleben nac-

nob nivTebs. bolos maswavlebeli

sTxovs moswavleebs, Seajamon, ra sagnebi amoalaga anam.

6. mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiris dadge-na, daskvnis gamotana. maswavlebeli

svams Semdeg kiTxvebs: `ra moxda,

roca bebiam kalaTidan xili amoa-

laga? ratom aris kalaTa carieli? rogoria carieli kalaTi? ratom

aris axla kalaTa msubuqi?~ SesaZlebelia, rom moswavleebma

ver gascen kiTxvebs pasuxi. am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli sTxovs

maT, teqstSi moZebnon pasuxebi. im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu moswavleebi mainc ver pasuxoben kiTxvebs, maswavlebe-

li uxsnis moswavleebs àxla~ da

ìmitom, rom~ struqturebis gamoye-nebiT mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirebs da

akeTebs daskvnas.

cxadia, zemoT aRwerili meTode-

bi da strategiebi pirobiTia. piro-biTia maTi gamoyenebis raodenobac. Tumca, igi warmodgenas iZleva do-

neebad dayofil teqstebze muSaobis meTodebze.

da bolos, ganvixiloT mesame ti-

pis masala - seriuli wignebi.

seriuli wignebi

seriuli wignebi aseve sirTulis

zrdis principiT dalagebuli masa-laa. Tumca, doneebad dayofili

teqstebisgan isini ramdenime princi-

puli maxasiaTebliT gansxvavdebian.

es maxasiaTeblebia: 1. wignebs erTi da igive gmiri,

Cven mier SemuSavebuli teqstebis

SemTxvevaSi, sami gmiri aerTianebs.

2. wignebSi doneebad dayofili komponentebi mocemulia, Tumca yve-

laze didi aqcenti Sinaarsobriv

mxarezea gamaxvilebuli. amasTan, se-riuli wignebis erT-erTi umTavresi

amocanaa moswavleebis kiTxvis moti-vaciis gazrda da damoukidebeli

kiTxvis praqtikis ganviTareba. 3. wignebi metwilad damoukidebe-

li an mSoblebTan kiTxvisTvisaa gankuTvnili, Tumca, es ar gamoric-xavs kiTxvis Semdgomi ganxilvebis,

varjiSis albaTobas saklaso oTax-Si, metic, wignebi araCveulebriv sa-

Sualebas iZleva saklaso oTaxSi iseTi verbaluri da weriTi aqtivo-

bebi daigegmos, rogoricaa `kiTxvis Teatri~, `kiTxvis konferenciebi~, `me

rom gmiris adgilze vyofiliyavi~ da

a.S. 4. wignebi informaciuli da Se-

mecnebiTi xasiaTisaa. isini, kiTxvis unarebis ganviTarebasTan erTad,

moswavleebs saintereso movlenebs da sakiTxebs acnobs sxvadasxva sfe-

24


rodan. amasTan, seriuli wignebi

moswavleebs saintereso da mraval-ferovan Janrobriv-struqturul da

konceptualur elementebs sTava-

zobs. wignebis umravlesobas mkiTx-

veli avTenturi situaciebidan, romlebis wignis patara gmirebis yo-veldRiuri cxovrebas aRwers, sxva-

dasxva tipis informaciul-SemecnebiT istoriebSi gadavyavarT.

patara mkiTxveli seriis gmirebSi

sakuTar Tavs amoicnobs da maT is-

toriebs sakuTar gamocdilebas ukavSirebs. axal informacias ki

mkiTxveli wignebSi dialogebis,

mxatvruli-TxrobiTi, informaciul-TxrobiTi, informaciul-aRweriTi,

biografiuli, istoriuli masalebiT

iRebs, rac misTvis damatebiTi kiTx-

viTi stimulia. swored am mizniT seriebSi praqtikulad yvela is Ja-

nrobrivi maxasiaTebelia mocemuli,

romelic doneebad dayofili teqs-

tebis formulaSia gaTvaliswirebu-li, da romelic, seriul wignebSi

uSualod da saxalisod aris war-

modgenili. 5. doneebad dayofili teqstebis-

gan gansxvavebiT, seriuli wignebi ar aris 20 doned dalagebuli. aq 13

donea warmodgenili da TiToeul doneze 9 seriul moTxrobas aerTia-

nebs. bolo doneebi, Sinaarsobrivi maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare, 9-10 wlis bavSvisTvis unda iyos gansa-

kuTrebiT saintereso. seriuli wig-nebis dayofis es principi ramdenime

faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT aris da-culi: a. moswavle ar unda gadaiRa-

los da ar unda mobezrdes seriis gmirebTan interaqcia. b. moswavles

ar unda daekargos motivacia Si-

naarsobrivad Seusabamod martivi teqstebis kiTxvis gamo.

6. seriuli wignebis doneebi ar aris SesabamisobaSi doneebad dayo-

fil teqstebTan. radgan seriebSi Zi-riTadi aqcenti Sinaarsobriv-

konstruqciul mxareze keTdeba, pir-

veli seriis wignebi doneebad dayo-fili teqstebis 3-4 safexurisaTvis

aucilebel kiTxviT unarebsa da ga-

mocdilebas moiTxovs.

motivaciis faqtori kiTxvis unare-bis ganviTarebisaTvis

da bolos, statiaSi ar SeiZleba ar SevexoT motivaciis mniSvnelobas

kiTxvis unarebis gamomuSavebisaTvis.

motivacia ar SeiZleba doneebad

dayofili masalebis kriteriums warmoadgendes, Tumca, amgvari masa-

lebis gamoyeneba kiTxvis motivaciis

amocanas udavod isaxavs. samcxe-javaxeTsa da qvemo

qarTlSi teqstebze muSaobis pro-

cesSi sakmaod aSkarad dafiqsirda,

rom moswavleebs uWirT didxans kiTxva. metic, miuxedavad imisa, rom

isini xalisiT kiTxuloben mocemul

masalas da siamovnebiT asrulebdnen

davalebebs, maswavleblebis umete-sobam aRniSna, rom moswavleebi

kiTxvisagan `daiRalnen.~ es tenden-

cia miuTiTebs, imaze, rom moswav-leebi ar arian CarTulebi

xangrZliv kiTxviT aqtivobebSi da, Sesabamisad, ar gaaCniaT sakmarisi

gamocdileba da unarebi imisaTvis, rom garkveuli moculobis masala

ikiTxon. TavisTavad, kiTxvis si-swrafe da gamarTuloba kiTxvis praqtikidan modis. guTri, vigfildi,

metsala da koqsi (guTri, vigfildi, metsala, koqsi, 1999) sakuTar kvle-

vaSi afiqsireben mkveTrad gamox-atul dadebiT korelacias moswav-

leebis mier kiTxvaze daxarjul drosa da kiTxvaSi gawafvas Soris.

kiTxvis gawafva ki urTierT-

mimarTebaSia motivaciis zrdasTan. Tu moswavles SeuZlia gamarTuli

kiTxva da nakiTxis gaazreba, is mo-tivirebulia, ikiTxos.

2010 wlis kvlevam, romelic eko-nomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganvi-

25


Tarebis organizaciam (OECD) Caata-ra, aCvena, rom im moswavleebs, rom-lebic kiTxvisgan siamovnebas iReben, ukeTes akademiur Sedegebs aCveneben,

vidre isini, visTvisac kiTxva mxo-lod valdebulebaa. amave kvlevam

sakmaod damafiqrebeli Sedegi daa-

fiqsira. gamokiTxul moswavleTa 37%

arasdros kiTxulobs siamovnebisaT-vis. faqti isaa, rom efeqturi swav-

lebisa da swori midgomebis gamoye-

nebis miuxedavad, gaazrebis unarebis ganviTarebisgan damoukideblad, is

moswavleebi, romlebic ar arian

kiTxvisadmi ganwyobilni, ver axdenen

TavianTi wignierebis potencialis maqsimalurad gamovlenas. metic, gu-

Tris, Saferisa da huangis (guTri,

Saferi, huangi, 2001) mier Catarebul-

ma 2001 wlis kvlevam daadastura,

rom moswavleebis kiTxvisadmi damo-

kidebulebas, maT motivacias da Car-

Tulobas bevrad didi mniSvneloba aqvs wignierebis ganviTarebisaTvis,

vidre ojaxis socialur statuss,

Semosavals da mSoblebis ganaTle-bis dones. kiTxvis saerTaSoriso

asociacia (IRA) aseve xazs usvams

motivaciis rols kiTxvis unarebis

ganviTarebaSi. bolo wlebSi gansa-kuTrebiT bevri kvleva swored moti-

vaciis rolis dadgenas eTmoba wig-

nierebis ganviTarebisaTvis. `kiTxvis motivacia mTavari pirobaa imisaTvis,

moswavle kiTxvis procesSi iyos CarTuli da gansaxorcielebel aqti-

vobebs Soris, swored kiTxvas miani-Wos prioritetuli mniSvneloba.~

(gambreli, 2009, 2011). motivirebuli

da kiTxvis procesSi CarTuli mos-wavleebi kiTxvas mravalferovani

personaluri miznebisaTvis iyeneben. kiTxvis procesSi maT strategiuli

azrovneba ganuviTardebaT. isini kargad icnoben sxvadasxva tipis in-

formaciis miRebisaTvis marTebul gzebs da socialurad interaqci-

ulebi arian.

Sesabamisad, kiTxvis masalebis

SemuSavebisas, gansakuTrebuli roli moswavleebis kiTxvis motivaciis

gazrdas da SenarCunebas eniWeba, rac

TavisTavad ganapirobebs maT maRal

CarTulobas kiTxviT aqtivobaSi. amitom doneebad dayofili teqstebi da misi gamoyenebis midgomebi da me-

Todebi moicavs im faqtorebs, rom-lebic gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania

moswavlis kiTxvis motivaciisaTvis

sakiTxavi masalis SemuSavebisa da

kiTxvis unarebis ganviTarebis pro-cesSi.

1. moswavleebi bevrad motivire-

bulebi arian kiTxvisas, Tu kiTxviTi davalebebi da aqtivo-

bebi maT realobasTan, cxovre-

bis wesTan mWidrod aris dakav-

Sirebuli. kvlevebma cxadyo, rom moswavleebi bevrad ufro

xalisianad akeTeben iseT dava-

lebebs, sadac maT wakiTxuli

masala sakuTar gamocdilebas-Tan unda daakavSiron, vidre

davalebebs, romlebic mxolod

wakiTxul masalas exeba. 2. moswavleebs bevrad moswonT

kiTxva, Tu maT sakiTxavi lite-raturis farTo arCevani aqvT.

Sesabamisad, Tu gakveTilebze maT sxvadasxva Janrisa da tipis

masalis wvdoma aqvT, isini mo-tivirebulebi arian, bevri ikiT-xon. metic, moswavleebi cdilo-

ben, maqsimalurad CaerTon kiTxvis procesSi da yuradRe-

biT imuSaon imisaTvis, rom daa-srulon erTi tipis teqsti da

Sesabamisi davalebebi da swra-fad axalze gadavidnen.

3. moswavleebi bevrad ufro moti-

virebulebi arian ikiTxon, Tu maT saSualeba eZlevaT, kiTxvis

process sakmarisi dro dauT-mon. xangrZlivi kiTxvis proce-

si moswavleebis kiTxvis un-arebs aviTarebs da maT gawa-

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ful mkiTxvelebad aqcevs. Cveni

realobidan gamomdinare, mas-wavlebelma saswavlo wlis da-

sawyisSi saklaso oTaxSi kiTx-

vis procesi mcire droiT, ma-

galiTad 10 wuTiT daiwyos da nel-nela es dro gazardos.

4. moswavleebi ufro xalisiT

kiTxuloben im masalas, romel-ic maT Tavad SearCies, vidre

maswavleblis mier SerCeuls.

amis saSualebas maT seriuli

wignebi miscems. amasTan, isini gansakuTrebiT motivirebulebi

iqnebian, Seasrulon davalebebi,

Tu am dros maT arCevanis Tavi-sufleba eZlevaT. 2010 wlis

kvlevam daadgina, rom moswav-

leebi, romlebic Tavad irCeven

saSinao davalebis formas, an Sesrulebisas ar arian SezRu-

dulebi meTodurad, bevrad

ukeTes Sedegebs aCveneben, vidre

moswavleebi, romlebsac mka-

crad struqturirebuli saSinao davalebebi aqvT Sesasrulebeli

(patali, kuperi, vini, 2010). es

gasakviri arcaa da bunebrivi

movlenaa, radgan sakuTriv Ser-Ceuli masalis kiTxvisas, mos-wavleebi gansakuTrebul Za-

lisxmevas iyeneben da teqstsac bevrad ukeT iazreben. (gambre-

li, 1996; guTie da sxv., 2007; Si-

feli, 1991; Spauldingi, 1992). dasasrul, imeds gamovTqvamT,

rom maswavleblebs male miecemaT saSualeba, gaicnon, gamoiyenon da

Seafason Cven mier SemuSavebuli ma-

sala da meToduri gzamkvlevi. sta-tiaSi ganxilul sakiTxebze ki dama-

tebiTi informacia Jurnalis Semdeg nomerSi iqneba mocemuli.

gamoyenebuli literatura gorgaZe, 2011 - naTia gorgaZe, doneebad dayofili wignebi da maTi mniSvneloba

kiTxvis unarebis ganviTarebaSi, bilinguri ganaTleba, 8, 2011, gv. 15-33. greibi, 2002 - Bill Grabe, Using Discourse Patterns to Improve Reading Comprehension, in

conference proceedings, JALT 2002. grehemi, heberti, 2010 - Steve Graham and Michael Hebert, Writing to Read - Evidence for How

Writing Can Improve Reading, , Vanderbilt University, 2010, pp. 4-11. kemba, 2005 - Kemba A. N’Namdi , Guide to Teaching Reading at the Primary School Level ,

UNESCO, 2005, pp. 9-19. kiTxvis swavleba, 2005 - Teaching Reading, Commonwealth of Australia 2005, pp. 16-28. maswavleblis gzamkvlevi, 2009 - National Center for Family Literacy, What workds - An

Introductory Teacher Guide for Early Language and Emergent Literacy Instruction, 2009, pp. 15-20, 26,-29, 31-34, 45-47.

swavlebis strategiebis resurs centri, 2005 - Learning Strategies Resource Center, Research & Training Associates, Inc, 2005.

wignierebis instruqciuli strategiebi, 2007 - Public Consulting Group’s Center for Re-source Management, Council of Chief State School Officers , Literacy Instructional Strategies , 2007.

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Natia Gorgadze Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Center for Civil Integration and Inter-Ethnic Relations

Leveled materials and effective methods of reading instruction

ABSTRACT The paper provides insight into the concept of leveled texts which are represented as small books and seek for improving the reading skills on the primary grade of the school. The leveled mate-rials are based on the best practices of text leveling systems world-wide and incorporate linguis-tic, literal, psychological and pedagogic aspects of reading instruction. Worth noting is that the leveling system is built on readability principles. The results of the descriptive study and perfor-mance analysis of students and teachers of Georgian and non-Georgian elementary schools were carefully analyzed, summarized and embedded in developed materials. Consequently the leveled books integrate the specifics of Georgian language and adopt the approaches apt to an effective improvement of biliteracy. The reading materials are envisaged for the work in the classroom and independent reading. Consequently, the role of teacher, strategies and teaching methods he uses in the classroom with students has significant impact on efficiency of the outcomes. We will argue the principles of text leveling and analyze the approaches which are recommended to be applied in the classroom.

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