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Guyton dan Hall. 2007. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran Edisi II.EGC: Jakarta5.

Kahle, W., Leonhardt, H., Platszer W., Atlas Berwarna & Teks Anatomi Manusia Alat-Alat Dalam, Jilid 2, Edisi 6, Jakarta,

Purnomo, Basuki 2007.Dasar-dasar Urologi.edisi kedua. Sagung seto:Jakarta7.

Rasyad, Syahriar, dkk. 1998. Radiologi Diagnostik, Ed.4, Balai PenerbitFKUI:

Jakarta.

Sjamsu hidayat. De jong, wim. Buku ajar ilmu Bedah. Hlmn 1024-1034. EGC:

Jakarta.

Soeparman, dkk. 2001. Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II. Hlmn 378. BalaiPenerbit

FKUI : Jakarta8.

http://medicastore.com/penyakit/90/Batu_Saluran_Kemih.html.

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureter

http://radiograferatrosumbar.blogspot.com/2011/05/teknik-skening-usg-

abdomen.html

http://www.suaradokter.com/tag/hiperekoik/

REFERAT RADIOLOGI

USG NEFROLITIASIS

Disusun Oleh :

Fitria Ratna Sari

08310125

Pembimbing :

dr. Hj. Nurwita Agustini, Sp.Rad, MH.Kes

NIP: 1963.0821.2007.12003

KEPANITRAAN KLINIK SENIOR

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS MALAHAYATI

BAGIAN RADIOLOGI

2012

DAFTAR ISI

BAB I. PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang............................................................ 1

BAB II. ANATOMI FISIOLOGI

2.1 Anatomi....................................................................... 3

A. Ginjal..................................................................... 3

B. Ureter..................................................................... 6

C. Vesica Urinaria....................................................... 7

D. Uretra..................................................................... 9

2.2 Fisiologi....................................................................... 11

2.3 Batu Saluran Kemih.................................................... 12

BAB III. USG NEFROLITIASIS

3.1 Nefrolitiasis.................................................................. 13

A. Definisi...................................................................... 13

B. Etiologi...................................................................... 13

C. Patofisiologi.............................................................. 14

D. Gambaran Klinis....................................................... 16

E. Pemeriksaan Penunjang............................................. 17

3.2 USG Nefrolitiasis

A. Indikasi...................................................................... 22

B. Kontraindikasi........................................................... 22

C. Persiapan pasien........................................................ 22

D. Persiapan Alat dan Bahan......................................... 23

E. Teknik Pemeriksaan.................................................. 24

F. Hasil Pmeriksaan....................................................... 26

BAB IV KESIMPULAN 30

DAFTAR PUSTAKA