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THE WRIGHTBROTHERS


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TheWright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871

January 30, 1948) andWilbur (April 16, 1867 May 30,1912), were twoAmericans credited with inventing andbuilding the world's first successful airplane andmaking the first controlled, powered and sustainedheavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-wing_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-wing_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States


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They gained the mechanical skills essential for theirsuccess by working for years in their shop withprinting presses, bicycles, motors, and other

machinery. Their work with bicycles in particularinfluenced their belief that an unstable vehicle like aflying machine could be controlled and balanced withpractice.


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In the winter of 188586 Wilbur was accidentally

struck in the face by a hockey stick while playing anice-skating game with friends, resulting in the loss ofhis front teeth.

Orville dropped out of high school after his junior yearto start a printing business in 1889, having designedand built his own printing press with Wilbur's help.Wilbur shook off the lingering depression caused by

his accident and joined the print shop, serving aseditor while Orville was publisher of the weeklynewspaper the West Side News, followed for only a fewmonths by the dailyEvening Item.


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the brothers opened a repair and sales shop in 1892(the Wright Cycle Exchange, later theWright CycleCompany) and began manufacturing their ownbrand[19] in 1896.

In the early or mid-1890s they saw newspaper ormagazine articles and probably photographs of thedramatic glides byOtto Lilienthal in Germany. Theyear 1896 brought three important aeronauticalevents.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_Cycle_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_Cycle_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Lilienthalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Lilienthalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_Cycle_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_Cycle_Company


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In May 1899 Wilbur wrote a letter to the SmithsonianInstitution requesting information and publications

about aeronautics. Drawing on the work ofSir GeorgeCayley, Chanute, Lilienthal, Leonardo da Vinci, andLangley, they began their mechanical aeronauticalexperimentation that year.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_George_Cayleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_George_Cayleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octave_Chanutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vincihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octave_Chanutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_George_Cayleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_George_Cayley


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Bishop Milton Wright wrote of his son Wilbur:"In memory and intellect, there was none like him. He systemized every thing. His

wit was quick and keen. He could say or write anything he wanted to. He was not

very talkative. His temper could hardly be stirred. He wrote much. He could deliver

a fine speech, but was modest."


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born onApril 16, 1867 in Millville, Indiana.

He was the third child of Bishop Milton Wright andSusan Catharine Wright.

Wilbur, a strong-willed individual, was able torepeatedly bounce back from physical and academicsetbacks
http://www.historychannel.com/cgi-bin/today_relocate_frames.cgi?month=04&day=16http://www.wilburwrightbirthplace.com/http://www.wilburwrightbirthplace.com/http://www.historychannel.com/cgi-bin/today_relocate_frames.cgi?month=04&day=16


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In 1908 and 1909 Wilbur became quite the celebrity,

wowing both audiences abroad and at home. He setrecords in Le Mans , France.

As one Frenchman put it: "I would have waited 10 tentimes as long to see what I have seen today...Monsieur

Wright has us all in his hands."


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"May 30, 1912This morning at 3:15, Wilbur passedaway, aged 45 years, 1 month, and 14days.A short life, full of consequences.An unfailing intellect,imperturbabletemper, great self-reliance and as

great modesty, seeing the rightclearly,pursuing it steadily, he lived anddied.

- Bishop Milton Wright"


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Orville Wright was born onAugust 19 , 1871 on 7Hawthorn Street in Dayton,Ohio.

He was the fourth child ofBishop Milton Wright andSusan Catharine Wright.
http://www.historychannel.com/cgi-bin/today_relocate_frames.cgi?month=08&day=19http://www.ci.dayton.oh.us/http://www.state.oh.us/http://www.state.oh.us/http://www.ci.dayton.oh.us/http://www.historychannel.com/cgi-bin/today_relocate_frames.cgi?month=08&day=19


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Orville grew up in anatmosphere that was loving,and that nurtured all types ofexpression.

Orville wrote of his childhood:"We were lucky enough to growup in an environment wherethere was always much

encouragement to children topursue intellectual interests; toinvestigate whatever arousedcuriosity."


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Orville was the more mischievous of the two brothers,

had a healthy childhood, and wasn't inclined toexcessive study. He was also "a champion bicyclist andso the brothers went into the bicycle business, whichgave full vent to their mechanical aptitude."


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His adventurous nature anddrive to succeed combined withhis brother Wilbur's researchskills to achieve what is

considered by many to be thegreatest, most influentialaccomplishment of the 20thcentury.


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Following Wilbur's death in 1912, Orville carried theirlegacy alone towards an exciting future. However, thehot new arena of aviation business proved volatile, andOrville sold the Wright company in 1916


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He built himself anaeronautics laboratory, andreturned to what had made heand his brother so famous:inventing.

He also stayed active in thepublic eye, promoting

aeronautics, inventing, and thehistoric first flight that hemade.


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Above is a photograph of founding members of NACA (National

Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) at Committee meeting in1929. Dr. Orville Wright served on NACA for 28 years. NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Agency) was created from theNational Advisory Committee on Aeronautics in 1958.
http://www.nasa.gov/http://www.nasa.gov/


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April 8, 1930: Orville Wright receives the first DanielGuggenheim Medal. The Daniel Guggenheim Medal,awarded for "great achievements in aeronautics," wasestablished in 1928 by the Daniel Guggenheim Fund

for the Promotion of Aeronautics.


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The place Orville called home from 1914 until his

death: Hawthorn Hill in Oakwood, Ohio. He andWilbur planned the design of the house together, butWilbur passed away before its completion.


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January 30 1948: Orville Wrightdied in Dayton, Ohio, at the age of

76, thus ending his 28 years as amember of the NACA. NASA wascreated from NACA 10 years afterOrville's death. In his lifetime, the

speed of the airplane had beenincreased from 0 mph to almost1,000 mph.


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(1899 - 1902) - Researched How Things Fly.

(1900 - 1902) - Developed Flight Control Systems.

(1901 - 1902) - Tested Theories.

(1900 - 1905) - Developed Test Pilot Skills. (1903 - 1920's) - Developed Propulsion Systems.

(December 17, 1903) - The First Flight.

(1904 - 1907) - Flight Development.

(1904 - Beyond) - Pushing the Envelope
http://wright.nasa.gov/researched.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/flightcontrol.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/tested.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/testpilot.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/propulsion.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/first.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/flightdev.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/pushing.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/pushing.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/flightdev.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/first.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/propulsion.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/testpilot.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/tested.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/flightcontrol.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/researched.htm


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The first step in any new program or project isresearch. The Wright Brothers first performed aliterature search to find out the state of aeronauticalknowledge at their time. They wrote to the

Smithsonian and obtained technical papers regardingaerodynamics. They read about the works of Cayley,and Langley, and the hang-gliding flights of OttoLilienthal.
http://wright.nasa.gov/researched.htm


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The Wright brothers' ideas for flight control weretested on a series ofunpowered aircraft between 1900and 1902.

These aircraft were all f lown as kites to obtainaerodynamic performance.
http://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/control.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/unpowered.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/kite00.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/flightcontrol.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/kite00.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/unpowered.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/control.html


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The earlykite and glider experiments did not meet theperformance goals which the brothers calculatedbefore the flights. In late 1901, the brothers began todoubt the data which they were using to design their

aircraft. They built awind tunnel and developedmodel-testing techniques including a balance to moreaccurately determine the lift and drag of their aircraft.
http://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/kite00.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/glid00.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/tunnel.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/test1901.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/balance.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/tested.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/balance.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/test1901.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/tunnel.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/glid00.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/kite00.html


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Besides being airplane designers, and test engineers,the Wright Brothers were the first pilots of a heavierthan air, powered aircraft.
http://wright.nasa.gov/testpilot.htm


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The Wright Brothers were the first to fly a self-propelled, heavier than air machine. This required thedevelopment of two other pieces of technology; a lightweight motor and the propellers to push the aircraft

through the air.
http://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/powered.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/powered.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/eng03.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/propeller.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/propulsion.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/propeller.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/eng03.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/powered.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/powered.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/powered.html


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The Wright Brothers were the first to fly a controllableself-propelled, heavier than air machine on December17, 1903. A variety of activities and broadcasts willcelebrate this historic event.
http://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/air1903.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/first.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/air1903.html


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It is important to note that the four flights of 1903 wereonly a chapter in the story of flight. The longest flightlasted less than a minute and did not include anymaneuvers.

The brothers continued to perfect their machine with aseries ofaircraft built between 1903 and 1905. They movedtheir flight testing from Kitty Hawk to their home town ofDayton, Ohio and flew their new aircraft at Huffman's

Field on the edge of town. With new, more powerfulaircraft, they were able to stay aloft for up to a half hour, tofly figure eights, and to even take passengers up for a ride.The age of the airplane had arrived.
http://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/powered.htmlhttp://wright.nasa.gov/flightdev.htmhttp://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/powered.html


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After the successful development of the first airplane,the Wright Brothers continued to be involved inaerospace technology. Orville was one of the originalmembers of the National Advisory Council on

Aeronautics (NACA) which is the parent organizationof the current NASA.
http://wright.nasa.gov/pushing.htm


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