Bhn Batuan Beku 26-1-2012 (Manfaat)
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Transcript of Bhn Batuan Beku 26-1-2012 (Manfaat)
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P E N A M A A Nd a n N I L A I E K O N O M I
B A T U A N B E K UOleh :
Tim Pengajar SMK Bukit Asam
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Mengapa Perlu Mengenal Batuan
BATUANAdalah Sumber
TEMPAT TERBENTUKNYADAN PENYIMPAN
BAHAN DASAR
TAMBANG :1. BIJIH (ORE)2. EMAS3. BATUBARA4. GALIAN C
(pasir, pasir besi,belerang dll)
MIGAS :1. MINYAK BUMI2. GAS MINYAK
SUMBERDAYA1. AIR TANAH2. PANAS BUMI
KONSTRUKSI1. JALAN2. JEMBATAN3. PELABUHAN4. DLL
INDUSTRI1. SEMEN2. GERABAH3. KERAMIK4. PROPERTI5. DLL
BATUAN SANGAT PENTING DALAM DUNIA GEOLOGI DAN PERTAMBANGAN
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BATUAN BEKUIGNEOUS ROCKS
BATUANBEKU
TAMBANG EMAS
TAMBANG BIJIH : TEMBAGA, PERAK, PLATINA DLL
TAMBANG URANIUM
TAMBANG INDUSTRI STRATEGIS / MILITER
RESERVOIR MINYAK
BAHAN BANGUNAN
MANFAAT MEMPELAJARI BATUAN BEKU
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Kegunaan batuan (menurut industri primer dan sekunder)
Logam - emas, perak, timah, besi, Pb, Cu, Zn Bukan logam – lempung, permata, mineral industri– pasir, batuan granit, batu pasir, garam, papan
slate, mika
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Penamaan Batuan Beku
PATOKAN SEDERHANA :
1. WARNACERAH ----- BATUAN BERSIFAT ASAM (FELSIK)AGAK GELAP ------------ BATUAN BERSIFAT ANTARA ASAM DAN BASAGELAP -------------------- BATUAN BERSIFAT BASA (MAFIK)
2. UKURAN KRISTALKASAR (FANERIK) ------------ BATUAN BEKU DALAM ------- KRISTALISASI LAMBAT CAMPURAN (PORFIRITK) ----- BATUAN BEKU SEDANG ----- KRISTALISASI SEDANGHALUS (AFANITIK) ----------- BATUAN BEKU DANGKAL ----- KRISTALISASI CEPAT
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B. Granularitas
FANERITIK PORFIRTIK AFANITIK
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S.A.
APHANITIS( HALUS )
PHANERIK( KASAR )
PORFIRIS
PENDINGINANCEPAT
PENDINGINANLAMBAT
PADA AWALNYALAMBAT,
KEMUDIAN CEPAT
( MENCAPAIPERMUKAAN/ DLM AIR )
DIDALAM KERAKDIBAWAH
PERMUKAAN
BASALT
DIORITGRANIT
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S.A.
PORFIRIS
PADA AWALNYALAMBAT,
KEMUDIAN CEPAT
PORFIRISFENOKRIS
MASADASAR(MATRIKS)
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PROSES PENDINGINAN / TEKSTUR
PendinginanLambat
PendinginanCepat
PendinginanSangat Cepat
WA
RN
A D
AN
KO
MP
OS
ISI
Cer
ahIn
term
edia
teG
elap
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PROSES PENGENDAPAN BAHAN PROSES PENGENDAPAN BAHAN GALIANGALIAN
ENDAPAN PRIMERENDAPAN PRIMER ENDAPAN SEKUNDERENDAPAN SEKUNDER ENDAPAN SEDIMENTERENDAPAN SEDIMENTER ENDAPAN METAMORFENDAPAN METAMORF
Umumnya pd Batuan Beku
Timah, nikel. mangaan
Tambang galian C
Asbes, grafit
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BENTUK-BENTUKBATUAN BEKU
DALAM KERAK BUMI
INTRUSI(BATOLITH)
KOROK
DIKE
DIKE
Kenampakan Batuan Beku di Alam
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Kenampakan Batuan Beku di Alam
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Batuan kwarsa magnetite yang mengadungDeposit emas dan tembaga di tambang GrasbergFreeport, Puncak Jaya Papua
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Batuan Silicate
Silicate material,
Olivine, pyroxene
+ Ni
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Model Terbentuknya Endapan Bijih
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Model Terbentuknya Urat2 Kwarsa yang mengandung mineral bijih
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Zonasi Endapan Mineral Ekonomis
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2. Sulfida dan sulfosalt AgS argentit Cu2S kalkosit Cu5FeS4 bornit PbS galena ZnS sfalerit CuFeS4 kalkopirit NiS CuS
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Endapan Emas pada contohan Urat Kwarsa
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Endapan Emas berasosiasi dengan Galena dan Magnetit
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Lokasi penelitian mineralisasi perak (porphyry copper di Papua)
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Kenampakan lapangan Injeksi larutan sisa magma pada rekahan batuan
tempat mineralisasi emas dan perak di Papua Barat
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Batuan yang terimjeksi larutan sisa magma yang kaya akan mineralisasi
perak (porphyry copper di Papua
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TOURMALINE
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Kenampakan Fisik Mineral-mineral silikat
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Agate is a rock (and a gemstone) composed chiefly of chalcedony.
Agate is the same kind of rock as chert, but in a much purer, more transparent form.
It consists of amorphous or cryptocrystalline silica . It is commonly associated with the silica mineral opal.
Fossilization, soil formation, and alteration of existing rock can all create agate.
Hardness : 6.5 - 7.0. Occurrence : Worldwide. A member of the chalcedony family
(micro-crystalline quartz). Appearance : Agate is a banded colored stone found in
nodular masses associated with volcanic lavas. Agate, being porous, is often dyed or stained
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Almandine is one of the aluminum garnets Almandine is typically deep red to purplish, the essential
"garnet" color . Its composition is Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 . Hardness: 7 – 7.5 Occurrence : Also called almandine and is found world wide
Occur in contact metamorphic, serpentines . Spec. Grav.: 3.6 - 4.2 Garnets often form in hot metamorphic rocks under great
pressure.
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Peridot has been mined on St. John's Island (known in Arabic as Zibergit) for more than 3000 years.
Chemistry: Mg2SiO4-forsterite (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 - olivine (Peridot)Fe2SiO4 - fayalite .
Color: light green, dark green, olive green Hardness: 6.5- 7 Spec. Grav.: 3.27 - 3.37 Environment: a rock forming mineral and often present in basalt
and volcanic eject Association: basalt, gabbro and peridotite
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GRANIT GRANIT Mineral utama : kuarsa, alkali felspar(ortoklas,mikroklin), Mineral utama : kuarsa, alkali felspar(ortoklas,mikroklin),
plagioklas (albit-oligoklas), mika biotitplagioklas (albit-oligoklas), mika biotit
Mineral asesori : magnetit, ilmenit, apatit, zirkonMineral asesori : magnetit, ilmenit, apatit, zirkon
MegaskopisMegaskopis Mikroskopis Mikroskopis
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GABBROGABBROMineral utama : plagioklas (labradorit-anortit), olivin, klino-Mineral utama : plagioklas (labradorit-anortit), olivin, klino-
piroksenpiroksen
Mineral asesori : kromit, magnetit, ilmenit, apatit, titanit, rutilMineral asesori : kromit, magnetit, ilmenit, apatit, titanit, rutil
Megaskopis Mikroskopis
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RIOLITRIOLITMineral utama : kuarsa, alakali felspar (sanidin)Mineral utama : kuarsa, alakali felspar (sanidin)
Mineral asesori : gelas, biotit, albit, magnetit, ilmenitMineral asesori : gelas, biotit, albit, magnetit, ilmenit
MMeegaskopisgaskopis MikroskopisMikroskopis
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BASALTBASALTMineral utama : plagioklas (labradorit-bitownit), piroksenMineral utama : plagioklas (labradorit-bitownit), piroksen
Mineral asesori : magnetit, hematit, ilmenit, apatit, kuarsa, olivin, Mineral asesori : magnetit, hematit, ilmenit, apatit, kuarsa, olivin,
gelasgelas
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DIORITDIORITMineral utama : plagioklas (bitownit-andesin), hornblendeMineral utama : plagioklas (bitownit-andesin), hornblende
Mineral asesori : magnetit, ilmenit, titanit, kuarsaMineral asesori : magnetit, ilmenit, titanit, kuarsa
Megaskopis Mikroskopis
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ANDESITANDESITMineral utama : plagioklas (labradorit-andesin), biotitMineral utama : plagioklas (labradorit-andesin), biotitMineral asesori : magnetit, ilmenit, kuarsa, hornblende, Mineral asesori : magnetit, ilmenit, kuarsa, hornblende, piroksen, gelaspiroksen, gelas
Megaskopis Mikroskopis
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PIROKSENITPIROKSENITMineral utama : piroksen (klino atau orto-piroksen)Mineral utama : piroksen (klino atau orto-piroksen)Mineral asesori : olivin, hornblende, kromit, Mineral asesori : olivin, hornblende, kromit, magnetit, biotit,magnetit, biotit, garnet, apatit garnet, apatit
Magaskopis Mikroskopis
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HORNBLENDITHORNBLENDITMineral utama : hornblendeMineral utama : hornblendeMineral asesori : olivin, orto Mineral asesori : olivin, orto dan klino-piroksen, dan klino-piroksen, magnetit,magnetit,lmenit kromit, sulfidalmenit kromit, sulfida
Megaskopis Megaskopis
PERIDOTITPERIDOTITMineral utama : olivin, klino Mineral utama : olivin, klino dan orto-piroksendan orto-piroksenMineral asesori : kromitMineral asesori : kromit
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DIABASDIABASMineral utama : plagioklas (labradorit-bitownit), klino-Mineral utama : plagioklas (labradorit-bitownit), klino-piroksenpiroksenMineral asesori : orto-piroksen, olivin, hornblende, Mineral asesori : orto-piroksen, olivin, hornblende, magnetit,magnetit, ilmenit, apatit, kalsit, pirhotit, kalkopirit, ilmenit, apatit, kalsit, pirhotit, kalkopirit, gelasgelas
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DIORITE
ANDESITE
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Urat kwarsa mengandung emas di Tambang Emas Pongkor , Bogor
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CONTOH DISKRIPSI BATUAN BEKU
No. : 01No. Batuan : 90Jenis batuan : Batuan beku asamWarna : Putih kecoklatanStruktur : masifTekstur : - holokristalin - Fanerik kasar - subheral - Hipidiomorfic granularKomposisi : Orthoklas 40 % Kwarsa 35 % Plagioklas 10 % Hornblende 6 % Lain-lain : mineral lain 2 %Nama batuan : Granit
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