Kandungan

Senarai Rajah 2

Senarai Jadual 2

Senarai Singkatan 2

Chapter 1 2.1

Introduction 2.1

1.1 Background study 2.1

1.2 Pernyataan 2.3

Bab 2 4

KAJIAN LITERATUR 4

2.1 Latarbelakang 4

2.2 Pernyataan Masalah 4

Bab 3 6

METADOLOGI 6

3.1 Pengenalan 6

3.2 Rekabentuk Kajian 6

3.3 pengumpulan data 6

1

3.3.1 Persampelan data 1 7

Bab 4 10

Bab 5 11

Bab 6 12

Bibliografi 13

2

Senarai Rajah

1

Senarai Jadual

1

Senarai Singkatan

1

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Background study

Hydrogels have been attracting a great deal of research attention due to their intriguing

properties and applications (e.g., personal care products [1], agriculture [2], and

biomedical uses). The grafted starch is recognized as a low cost product with improved

swelling properties [3]. So far, much work has been reported on the grafting of

acrylonitrile [4,5] and acrylic acid [6], onto original starch. Recently, hydrogels have

become the focus, since they have the potential to enhance many fields of industry. Gel is

a three-dimensionally cross-linked polymeric system

with various distinctive features which can be of use from practical viewpoints. Among

them, the most important one is that gel can be in a highly swollen state taking up a

considerable amount of solvent inside its nanoscopic network structure. Because of this

property, gel can be expected as various versatile media in engineering fields. The

swollen state of gel is suitable for adsorption, retention or separation of various target

substances. Because of these characteristics, they are frequently applied to various

medical uses as recently reported [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14].

Dioscorea Hispida sp which entitle Ubi Gadong in Malaysia is a poisonous plant where

methodical studies have shown that its rhizome contains toxic poison. It can only be

consumed as a food after the poison of dioscorin is removed. Approximately, over 600

Dioscorea species are consumed in various parts of the world [15]. These edible starchy

1

tubers are important for cultural, economic and nutritional aspects in tropical and

subtropical region [16] D.hispida is a wild tuber species and commonly found in

secondary forest [17]. The common names of D.hispida in Malaysia include Gadog,

Gadong, Gadong lilin, Gadung mabuk, Gadung, Ubi akas, Ubi arak, Taring pelanduk and

Sulur gadung [18]. These tubers are known to be consumed by people especially during

rainy season in lean period. The consumption of raw tuber can be harmful since it

contains of toxic alkaloids [19]. Traditionally, it takes for up to 7 day of soaking

D.hispida tubers in flowing water for detoxified process before it safe for human

consumption [20, 21].

In this work we attempted to prepare dioscorea hispida sp. complexes of starch/AAc

hydrogels and investigate their in vitro antimicrobial activities. In the preparation of the

hydrogels; N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was used as cross-linking agent. Degree

of swelling were performed for synthesized hydrogels. The characterization of the

prepared complexes was realized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),

thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray

diffraction analysis (XRD) methods. Antimicrobial activities of the hydrogels were

assayed by the disc diffusion susceptibility.

Jadual

JADUAL 1.0.1

2

1.2 Pernyataan

3

Bab 2

KAJIAN LITERATUR

2.1 Latarbelakang

JADUAL 2.2

2.2 Pernyataan Masalah

JADUAL 2.3

4

5

Bab 3

METADOLOGI

3.1 Pengenalan

JADUAL 3.4

3.2 Rekabentuk Kajian

3.3 pengumpulan data

6

Figure 3.1

7

3.3.1 Persampelan data 1

3.3.2 persampelan data 2

8

9

FIGURE 2

10

11

RAJAH 1

12

13

Bab 4

14

Bab 5

15

Bab 6

16

Bibliografi

17

18

19