Types of Text(Genre)

REVIEW Text

1. Ciri Umum:

(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:Melakukan kritik terhadap peristiwa atau karya seni untuk pembaca atau pendengar khalayak ramai, misalnya film, pertunjukan, buku, dll.

(b) Struktur Teks:• Pengenalan;(orientation)• Evaluasi 1;• Evaluasi 2;• Tafsir;(Interpretive)• Evaluasi 3;• Evaluasi 4, dsb. Jika ada;• Rangkuman.(Evaluative Summation)

(c) Ciri Kebahasaan:• Terfokus pada partisipan tertentu;Menggunakan:• adjectives menunjukkan sikap, seperti bad, good;• klausa panjang dan kompleks;• metafor.

2. Contoh dan Struktur Teks:

Harry Potter: Order of the Phoenix

Pengenalan / OrientasiI absolutely love the Harry Potter series, and all of the books will always hold a special place in my heart.

Evaluasi :I have to say that of all the books, however, this one was not my favorite.

Evaluasi 2 :When the series began it was as much of a “feel good” experience as a huge mug of hot cocoa. The stories were bright, fast-paced, intriguing, and ultimately satisfying.

Tafsiran (Interpretative recount) :Order of the Phoenix is a different kind of book. In some instances this works…you feel a whole new level of intensity and excitement by the time you get to the end. I was truly moved by the last page. Other times the book just has a slightly dreary, depressing feel. The galloping pace of the other books has slowed to a trot here, and parts of it do seem long, as if

we’re reading all about Harry “just hanging out” instead of having his usual adventures. Reading in detail about Harry cleaning up an old house, for example – housekeeping is still housekeeping, magical or no, and I’m not very interested in doing it or reading about other people doing it.

Rangkuman :A few other changes in this book – the “real” world comes much more in to play rather than the fantasy universe of the previous books, and Harry has apparently been taken off his meds. I know that he had a lot to be grumpy in this book, especially with being a teenager and all, but the sudden change in his character seemed too drastic. He goes from being a warm-hearted, considerate person to someone who will bite his best friend’s heads off over nothing. It just seemed like it didn’t fit with his character, like he turned into a walking cliché of the “angry teen” overnight.

The “real” story seemed to happen in the last 1/3 of the book, and this part I loved. I actually liked the ending (and yes, I cried!) as sad as it was. It packed a punch and it made me care about the story even more. Still a really good book, with some editing it would have been great.

EXPLANATION   Text Social Function: To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or sociocultural phenomena.

Generic Structure A general statement to position the reader A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs.

Significant Lexicogrammatical Features Focus on generic, non-human Participants Use mainly of Material Processes and Relational Processes Use mainly of Temporal and causal Circumstances and Conjunctions

Explanation text is a text genre which tries to explain how a thing happens or why the thing is made. Explanation textactually is similar to procedure text, however, explanation text tends to explain. While the procedure text is intended to instruct how to form or make something.Bellow are some examples of explanation text which are grouped into several topics. This list of links relating to explanation text hopefully helps students to get more understanding about text genres, especially an explanation text.Explanation texts about foodHow a chocolate is madeExplanation texts about toy playHow a kite fliesExplanation texts about natural phenomena:How a tsunami happensHow a Venus eclipse happens

How an earthquake happensHow rain happensHow seasons happenHow day and night happensWhy daylight in summer is longer than in winterExplanation texts about technologyHow a cell phone worksHow a fuel light worksExplanation texts about monumental thingsHow roman roads were builtWhy Eiffel tower was builtExplanation texts about diseasesHow a cancer is formedRead the rest of this entry →

How does Rain Happen?

Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation.

The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves the sun heating the Earth's surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor rises into the Earth's atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form of rain or snow.

However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

ANECDOTE   Text

Definition and Social Function of AnecdoteAnecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers.

Generic Structure of Anecdote1. Abstract2. Orientation3. Crisis4. Incident.

Language Feature of Anecdote1. Using exclamation words; it’s awful!, it’s wonderful!, etc2. Using imperative; listen to this3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?4. Using action verb; go, write, etc5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward6. Using simple past tense

Tujuan Komunikatif:

Menceritakan insiden seperti peristiwa lucu atau tidak lazim baik berdasarkan khayalan atau kejadian nyata yang bertujuan menghibur.

Blessing Behind TragedyThere was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family with nine children. They had a dream to go to America. The family worked and saved. They were making plan to travel with their children to America. It had taken several years but finally they had saved enough money. They had gotten passport. They had booked seats for the whole family member in a new liner to America.

The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their new life in America. However few days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy. Because of the possibility of getting rabies, there were being quarantined for long days. They were in quarantine when the departure time came. The family dreams were dashed. They could not make the trip to America as they had planned.

The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped the dock to watch the ship leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of disappointment. He cursed both his son and God for the misfortune.

Five days latter, the tragic news spread throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic, had shank. It took hundreds of passenger and crew with it. Titanic which had been called the unsinkable ship had sunk. It was unbelievable but it was.

The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog, they were left behind. When the father heard the news, he hugged the son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind a tragedy. (Adapted from Look Ahead 2)

Generic Structure AnalysisAbstract: Everybody has a dream. You have and so do I. When the dream will come true, there is something wrong last minute before it. What will we feel? What will we do?

Orientation: the Clak family lived in Scotland. They had dream to travel to America. They prepared well for their plan

Crisis: few days before they went to America, his youngest son was bitten by a dog. It made they were being quarantined. They had to forget their plan.

Incident: the family was full of disappointment and anger. The father was angry with his son and God. The family failed to travel to America and the father could not accept it.

Coda: the father thank to his son when he hear the ship sank. He thank to God because of saving the family from sinking. He thought leaving behind the ship was not a tragedy but a blessing.

SPOOF   Text

Definition and Social Function :Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time with

unpredictable and funny ending. Its social function is to entertain and share the story.

Generic Structure :1. Orientation2. Events3. Twist

Language Feature :1. Focusing on people, animals or certain things2. Using action verb; ate, ran, etc3. Using adverb of time and place4. Told in chronological order

Examples of SpoofWhat time is it?ORIENTATION : A tramp lie down and sleep in the park. He had been sleeping for about 5 minutes when a couple walked by. EVENT : The man stopped, woke the tramp up , and asked him, “Excuse me.Do you know what the time is?” The tramp replied, “I’m sorry – I don’t have a watch, so I don’t know the time.”The man apologized for waking the tramp and the couple walked away.The tramp lay down again, and after a few minutes went back to sleep. Just then, a woman, who was out walking her dog, shook the tramp’s shoulder until he woke up again.The woman said, “I’m sorry to trouble you, but I’m afraid I’ve lost my watch – do you happen to know the time?” The tramp was a little annoyed at being woken up again, but he politely told the woman that he didn’t have a watch and didn’t know the time.After the woman had gone, the tramp had an idea.He opened the bag that contained all his possessions and got out a pen, a piece of paper and some string. On the paper, he wrote down, ‘I do not have a watch. I do not know the time’.He then hung the paper round his neck and eventually dropped off again.TWIST : After about 15 minutes, a policeman who was walking through the park noticed the tramp asleep on the bench, and the sign around his neck.He woke the tramp up and said, “I read your sign. I thought you’d like to know that it’s 2:30 p.m.”

HORTATORY EXPOSITION   Text

Purpose : to persuade the readers or listeners that something should or should not be the case.

Text OrganizationA thesisArgumentsRecommendation

Language Features:•The use of emotive words (e.g. worried, alarmed etc)•The use of words that qualify statements (e.g. usual, probably etc)•The use of words that link arguments (e.g. firstly, However, therefore etc)•The use of compound and complex sentence•The use of modals and adverbs (e.g. may, must, should, etc)•The use of subjective opinions using pronouns I and we

Read this text of Hortatory exposition!

Corruption

Thesis(Announcement of issue concern)

Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United States. It’s just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.

Argument 1

The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more often. They even bribe the officials.

Argument 2

Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.

Recommendation

I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinctio

ANALITIC EXPOSITION   Text

Definition of Analytical ExpositionExposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter.

Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition1. Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position2. Arguments: Explaining the arguments to support the writer’s position3. Reiteration: Restating the writer’s position

Language Features of Analytical Exposition

Using relational process Using internal conjunction Using causal conjunction Using Simple Present Tense

 

Read the following text!

The Importance of EnglishThesis 

 I personally think that English is the world’s most important language. Why do I say that? Argument 1{ Firstly, English is an international language. It is spoken by many

people all around the world, either as a first or second language. Argument 2{ Secondly, English is also the key which opens doors to scientific and

technical knowledge, which is needed for the economic and political development of many countries in the world.

Argument 3{ Thirdly, English is a top requirement of those seeking jobs. Applicants who master either active or passive English are more favorable than those who do not.Conclusion { From the fact above, it is obvious that everybody needs to learn English to greet the global era.

Notes: Enumerations such as Firstly, secondly, thirdly etc are sometimes given to show the

list of given arguments Present Tense: I think, English is international language, Everybody needs to learn

English etc.

Analytical Exposition.Writing for Money Online

THESIS : The emergence of the internet has given internet entrepreneurs many

ways to make money. Writers are one group that have benefited from their talents as

a result in the rise of internet based jobs.

ARGUMENT 1 : Blog writing is an increasingly popular way to earn money online

determined by the owner of the blog. They are very popular because of tBlogs are

usually written on a certain subject area but can vary as its content is heir simplicity

to get up and running. There are many free websites out there that will help you set

up your own blog if you choose to go that route because blog plus advertisement is a

potential money

ARGUMENT 2: Article writing is also good money to earn money online. Make sure

to gear your articles to promote and advertise you own business ventures. These

articles are a free way to market the products and services you offer for free. The

most effective advertising with these articles comes from the dialogue box that is

inserted at the end of each article. These dialogue boxes contain links to basically

any website you would like to drive traffic to. For instance, you might have one link in

your dialogue box to a product you are selling and one to a blog where you are

promoting a discussing other products.

REITERATION : Writing takes some time to gain credibility through but once it’s

done’ earning potential can become very powerful.

REPORT   TEXT Teks report (report text) adalah jenis teks yang mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan bentuk, ciri atau sifat umum (general) benda, hewan, tumbuh-tumbuhan,  manusia atau peristiwa.Teks report atau report text memiliki bentuk yang hampir sama dengan descriptive text. Siswa biasanya mengalami kesulitan membedakan antara kedua jenis teks ini.  Perbedaan yang paling mendasar pada kedua jenis teks ini adalah sebagai berikut.- Report Text  mennggambarkan bentuk, ciri atau sifat benda, hewan, tumbuh-tumbuhan,  manusia atau peristiwa secara umum (general).- Descriptive Text  mennggambarkan bentuk, ciri atau sifat benda, hewan, tumbuh-tumbuhan,  manusia atau peristiwa secara khusus (specific).

Report text memiliki kerangka atau struktur  (generic structure) sebagai berikut.1.  General classification: memperkenalkan benda, hewan, tumbuhan, atau seseorang yang akan dibahas. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan membuat definisi atau klasifikasi.2.  Description: menceritakan bagian, kualitas, sifat, tingkah laku benda, hewan, tumbuhan, atau seseorang yang dideskripsikan.Tujuan (purpose) teks ini ialah memberikan informasi atau gambaran tentang ciri-ciri umum benda, hewan, tumbuhan, atau manusia.

Kata kerja (tense) yang digunakan biasanya simple present tense. Sekali lagi, teks deskriptif dan report tampaknya sama, tetapi sesungguhnya sangat berbeda. Teks deskriptif

memberikan deskripsi sesuatu yang khusus atau tertentu, sedangkan report memberikan deskripsi tentang ciri-ciri umum dari suatu jenis benda hidup atau mati.Teks report adalah teks yang menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu (objek, makhluk hidup, kejadian alam) secara apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan yang sistematis dan berdasarkan fakta.Ciri yang membedakan teks report dan teks descriptive adalah cara penulisannya. Teks report hanya menjelaskan topik teks secara umum, sedangkan teks descriptive menceritakan topik teks secara lebih terperinci.

Struktur teks report yaitu:

General statement: Pernyataan awal yang menyampaikan pada pembaca mengenai topik teks secara umum

Description: Deskripsi secara umum dari topik teksContoh teks report:Tyrannosaurus rex, sometimes just called T-rex, is believed to be the largest and most fearsome predator on Earth’s land ever to have existed. This dinosaur once roam the Earth in the Creataceous period approximately 68 to 65 million years ago.

As a carnivorous dinosaur, this giant predator most likely ambushed their prey, and devoured them with jaws full of white sharp teeth. With it’s fast ability to run at an astonishing speed of 32 mph (50 kmh), a perfect slim and stiff tail that gave it an excellent balance and allowed it to make quick turns, equipped this gigantic predator and made it even more deadly, like a killing machine.

NEWS ITEM   Text 1. Definition of News Item:News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.2. Generic Structure of News Item:

1.  Newsworthy event2.   Background Events3.   Source

3.  Language Feature of News Items1.  Using Action Verb2.  Using Saying Verb3. Using Passive Sentence

Examples and structures of the text:Town ContaminatedNewsworthy events:Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.Background Events:Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock.The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union.

Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.SourceSources A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the Soviet Navy.

Growing Number of High School Student Smoking

SOURCE : A survey has found about 13 percent of first-time smokers in the country are junior high school students. It also revealed 89 percent of young female employees were smokers.The survey was conducted in five major cities across the country, including Surakarta in Central Java.

BACKGROUND EVENT : Muhammad Syahril Mansyur, the Surakarta Health Agency’s respiratory illness division, said that the finding of the survey showed an alarming growth rate of Indonesian smokers. "This situation is a cause for concern,” he said. “It appears the country’s younger generation is uneducated about the health risks of smoking.”

NEWSWORTHY EVENTS : The Indonesian anti-tobacco campaign has reportedly been deemed as ineffective as the government refuses to sign the international convention on tobacco control. It said that cigarette producers contributed to a large amount to state revenue and gave jobs to thousands of workers.

DESCRIPTIVE   Text Teks deskriptif ( descriptive text ) adalah teks yang mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan bentuk, ciri atau sifat benda, hewan, tumbuh-tumbuhan,  manusia atau peristiwa tertentu yang khusus, misalnya seekor jerapah yang hidup di kebun binatang Ragunan, bunga melati di halaman rumahku, atau Dodi temanku yang paling gemuk.Descriptive text memiliki kerangka atau struktur  ( generic structure ) sebagai berikut.1.  Identification: memperkenalkan benda,  hewan, tumbuhan, atau seseorang yang akan dideskripsikan. Misalnya:

1. Mr. Pambudi, my new neighbor, is a well-known veterinarian in our city.2. One of the most beautiful houses in my village is Mr. Raman’s.3. Gembira Loka zoo is the most interesting zoo in Yogyakarta and has the most

complete collection of animals in Java.2.  Description: menceritakan bagian per bagian dari objek yang kita deskripsikan, misalnya penggambaran dimulai dengan menceritakan bentuk fisiknya, kemudian ciri-ciri khusus, kualitas, sifat, dan tingkah laku benda, hewan, tumbuhan, atau seseorang yang dideskripsikan.Penting untuk diperhatikan bahwa descriptive text memiliki bentuk dan ciri yang hampir sama dengan report text. Descriptive text menceritakan sesuatu atau objek yang sifatnya khusus (specific) sedangkan report text menceritakan sesuatu atau objek yang sifatnya umum (general).

Untuk membedakan sifat khusus dan umum, mari kita perhatikan contoh di bawah ini.

Deskripsi secara khusus (specific) untuk descriptive text

- Saya mempunyai dua buah pesawat televisi. Salah satunya adalah hadiah ulang tahun dari Paman. Ia membelinya dari Singapura. TV tersebut berlayar datar dan bisa merekam acara-acara yang saya gemari.

Pada contoh di atas saya hanya menceritakan TV saya yang baru hadiah dari Paman. Saya tidak bercerita tentan TV yang lain atau TV-TV pada umumnya.

Deskripsi secara umum (general) untuk report textTelevisi  atau TV adalah alat komunikasi canggih yang berbentuk gambar dan suara yang menyiarkan informasi dari seluruh dunia dan masuk ke jutaan rumah.

Pada contoh di atas saya menceritakan televisi secara umum. Oleh karena itu, report text biasanya dibuka dengan sebuah paragraf yang merupakan sebuah definisi. Sekarang lebih jelas, bukan? Itulah perbedaan antara descriptive text dengan report text.Oke, kita kembali ke topic descriptive text.

Tujuan (the purpose) descriptive text ialah memberikan informasi atau gambaran benda, hewan, tumbuhan, atau seseorang yang dideskripsikan secara khusus.

Kata kerja (tense) yang digunakan biasanya present simple tense. Akan tetapi bisa juga menggunakan past simple tense, jika benda yang dideskripsikan sudah tidak ada.Untuk lebih jelas, perhatikan contoh descriptive text di bawah ini! (paragraf berwarna biru adalah identification sedangkan paragraf berwarna merah adalah description)

Mr. Pambudi is a Veterinarian

IDENTIFICATION : Mr. Pambudi, my new neighbor, is a well-known veterinarian in our city.

DESCRIPTION : He is a person who has studied to be a doctor of animals. He takes care of animals’ health. Many pet owners use his services to help them take care of their pets.He takes care of cats and other small animals. Sometimes, he takes care of larger animals such as horses, cows.If you have a pet at home, your pet has probably seen Mr. Pambudi. He can help you decide what kinds of food your animals should eat, what shots your pet will need, and how you should take care of your animals. It is important to take your pet to see Mr. Pambudi to make sure it stays healthy.

RECOUNT   TEXT

Teks Recount adalah jenis teks yang memiliki tujuan untuk menceritakan peristiwa/kejadian yang berlangsung pada waktu lampau.

Purpose: to retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past event

Generic Structure:1. Orientation2. Event(s)3. Reorientation

Dominant Language Features:1. Using Past Tense2. Using action verb3. Using adjectives

 

Definition of RecountRecount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative

Generic Structure of Recount1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time

2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past

3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story

Language Feature of Recount• Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc

• Using chronological connection; then, first, etc

• Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc

• Using action verb; look, go, change, etc

• Using simple past tense

Examples :My Adventure at Leang CaveOrientation On Sunday, my parents, my best friend Novi, and I visited a cave at Maros called Leang-leang . It was my first time to visit the cave, better yet, my best friend came to visit it with me!Event 1 The cave was famous for its primitive cave wall paintings which were some hand prints and wild boar paintings. The cave and its surroundings was turned into a national park, so it was taken care of. My parents took a rest in a small hut for visitors of the park, while Novi and I adventured around the cave with a guide. We had to climb some metal stairs to get to the cave, because the cave was embedded into a small mountain. Next stop was a place where some seashells littered the ground and some were actually piled into a big mound! The guide said that these piles of seashells are called kjokkenmoddinger, or kitchen trash.Event 2 The humans who lived here ate the shells and dumped the left overs in their ‘kitchen’. The last place was a small museum where they have skeletons of the humans who lived in the caves. The skeletons along with some roughly made jewelry and weapons were

placed inside glass cases for display. The walls of the museum were adorned with photographs taken when they did an excavation there.Reorientation After a quick lunch with Novi and my parents, we decided it was time to go back home. We really had the time of our lives!

PROCEDURE TextProcedure/Procedural Text, Teks Prosedur, adalah teks yang berisi prosedur, instruksi, proses, cara, atau langkah-langkah dalam membuat/melakukan (mengoperasikan) sesuatu.Ciri-ciri Procedure Text:1. Struktur umumnya (generic structure) terdiri dari:Goal/Aim: tujuan dan maksud isi teks. Contoh: How to make sandwich…Material/Tool: bahan atau alat-alat yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat/melakukan sesuatu. Contoh: The materials are as follows: 1. Two slides of bread, 2. Fried-egg, strawberry jam, chocolate sprinkles, ….Steps/Procedures: langkah-langkah atau prosedur dalam melakukan/membuat sesuatu. Contoh: First, take two slides of bread and …2. Menggunakan tenses “simple present”3. Sering memakai kalimat Perintah (imperatives/orders). Contoh: Turn on the lamp, Put the rice into the rice cooker, Don’t forget to press the ‘on’ button, …4. Kata-kata urutan (sequences). Contoh: first, second, then, next, the last, finally… 

 

GOAL/AIM : The Procedure of Making Meatballs

MATERIAL/TOOL : What you need for the ingredients 1 kilo of very fine minced meat (preferably beef) 2 eggs 300 grams of tapioca-flour 4-8 cloves of garlic 1 red onion 1 teaspoon of white pepper 2 teaspoons of salt The steps to make meatballs

 

STEPS/PROCEDURES : These steps are instruction on how to make meatballs, just meatball, the soup is made separately.First of all,mix garlic, red onion, salt, and white pepper in a mortar or mixer.Second step, mix the spice-mixture with the eggs, the tapioca-flour and the minced meat.After that, use your fingers, add a cup of water, and keep on working until the mixture feels soft and smooth.Then, boil some water in a rather large pot, at least about 2 liters.Next step, start rolling the mixture into small meatballs.Finally, lower the meatballs into the boiling water. When they float up to the surface the meatball are ready to serve.

NARRATIVE TextNarrative Text, adalah teks yang isinya merupakan cerita atau kisah tentang sesuatu. Contoh narrative text: cerita rakyat (folktale), cerita binatang (fable), Legenda (legend), cerita pendek (short story), dan sejenisnya. Di dalamnya terdapat konflik/puncak masalah yang diikuti dengan penyelesaian. Fungsi utama teks ini adalah untuk berkisah atau menghibur pembaca. 

Ciri-ciri narrative text: 

1. Generic Structure: Orientation: berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau

apa, kapan dan dimana) Complication: Berisi puncak konflik/masalah dalam cerita. Sebuah cerita boleh

memiliki complication lebih dari satu. Resolution: Pemecahan masalah. Bisa berakhir dengan kegembiraan (happy

ending) bisa pula berakhir dengan kesedihan (sad ending).Catatan:Terkadang juga susunannya (generic structure): Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution dan Reorientation. Untuk “Evaluation” dan “Reorientation” merupakan optional; bisa ada bisa tidak. Evaluation berisi penilaian/evaluasi terhadap jalannya cerita atau konflik. Sedangkan Reorientation berisi penyimpulan isi akhir cerita. 

2. Grammatical features menggunakan tenses “past”3. Sering menggunakan kata penghubung waktu (temporal conjunction), misalnya: once upon a time, one day, long time ago, … 

Contoh Narrative Text: 

Ali Baba

ORIENTATION : Once upon a time there were 40 cruel thieves who put their stolen money and treasures in a cave. They went in the cave by saying ”Open Sesame” to the cave entrance. A poor person, named Ali Baba saw them while they were doing that, so he heard the opening word. After they left, he went toward the cave and opened it. Suddenly he found a very large quantity of money and golden treasures. He took some of it and went back home. After that he became a rich man and his brother wanted to know how he became rich.

COMPLICATION : Ali Baba turned into the richest man in his village. His evil brother was really jealous of him, and wanted to know how he could get such a lot of money. Therefore, when Ali Baba went to the cave again to take some more money, his brother followed him. He saw everything, and decided to go back the next day to take some money for himself. The next morning he found a lot of money in the cave, and he wanted to take all of them. Unfortunately, when he was busy carrying the money to his house, the thieves came. The boss of the thieves asked him how he knew about the cave. He told everything, but unluckily they killed him and went to Ali Baba’s house.

After finding Ali Baba’s house, they made a plan to kill him the following night. Some of the thieves hid in big jars, and the boss pretended that he was a merchant who wanted to sell the jars to Ali Baba. Ali Baba who was a kind man invited the boss of the thief to have lunch together.

After lunch they took a rest. Luckily, the house maid went out of the house, and found that there were thieves inside the jars. She finally boiled hot oil and poured it into the jars to kill all of them. The boss of the thieves was caught, and put into prison.

RESOLUTION : Ali Baba was saved from the danger, and he finally lived happily ever after with his maid who became his wife shortly after.