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BAB 8; SOKONGAN DAN GERAKAN/CHAPTER 8; SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT

1) Ayam jantan dan ikan merupakan vertebrata manakala ketam dan ulat beluncas merupakan invertebrata.

Rooster and fish are vertebrates while crab and caterpillar are invertebrates..

(a) Nyatakan 2 kelebihan vertebrata berbanding invertebrata.

State two advantages of vertebrate compared to invertebrate.

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[2 markah / 2 marks]

(b) Namun begitu, mengapakah haiwan vertebrata yang berlainan yakni ikan mempunyai

lengkungan pelvik dan lengkungan pektoral yang lebih kecil berbanding dengan ayam

jantan?

However, why different vertebrates like the fish have smaller pelvic and pectoral girdles

compared to those of the rooster?

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[2 markah / 2 marks]

(c) Sekiranya ketam dan ulat beluncas diletakkan di tempat yang panas dan kering selama

beberapa jam, invertebrata yang manakah akan mati dahulu dan berikan sebabnya.

If the crab and caterpillar are placed in a hot and dry for a few hours, which invertebrates

will die first and give the reason.

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[2 markah / 2 marks]

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(d) Invertebrata mempunyai badan yang lembut. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan prinsip

yang sama digunakan oleh cacing tanah.

Invertebrates have soft bodies. The diagram below shows a principle which is the same as

that used by an earthworm.

(i) Berdasarkan rajah, jelaskan fungsi sistem sokongan tersebut terhadap invertebrata

Based on the diagram, explain the functions of the support system of invertebrates.

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[3 markah / 3 marks]

(ii) Bagaimanakah bendalir badan memberi bentuk kepada invertebrata?

How does the body fluid give shape to an invertebrate?

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[1 markah / 1 mark]

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2.

(a) Tumbuhan air tidak boleh berdiri tegak apabila mereka dibawa keluar dari air. Apakah

sebab untuk ini?

Water plants cannot stand erect when they are taken out of the water. What is the reason for

this?

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[1 markah / 1 mark]

(b) Tumbuhan air yang tenggelam di dalam air mempunyai daun kecil. Beri sebab untuk ini.

Water plants which are submerged in water have small leaves. Give a reason for this.

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[1 markah / 1 mark]

(c) Nyatakan satu ciri tumbuhan air.

State another characteristic of water plants.

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[1 markah / 1 mark]

(d) Pokok boleh tumbuh sangat tinggi dan tegang. Apa yang membantu pokok-pokok

mempunyai batang tegak tinggi ?

Trees can grow very tall and erect. What helps the trees to have tall erect trunks?

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[1 markah / 1 mark]

(e) Cadangkan bagaimana tumbuh-tumbuhan dengan batang lemah mendaki untuk

mendapatkan cahaya matahari.

Suggest how plants with weak stems climb to get sunlight.

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[4 markah / 4 marks]