ANALISA PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA PROSES SULFONASI …
Transcript of ANALISA PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA PROSES SULFONASI …
ANALISA PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA PROSES SULFONASI
INDUSTRI PEMBUATAN DETERGEN
SKRIPSI
IWAN SUPRIYADI
1210311017
UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “ VETERAN ” JAKARTA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
PROGRAM STUDI S-1 TEKNIK MESIN
2017
ANALISA PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA PROSES SULFONASI
INDUSTRI PEMBUATAN DETERGEN
SKRIPSI
Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar
Sarjana Teknik Mesin
IWAN SUPRIYADI
1210311017
UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “ VETERAN ” JAKARTA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
PROGRAM STUDI S-1 TEKNIK MESIN
2017
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ANALISIS PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA PROSES SULFONASI
INDUSTRI PEMBUATAN DETERGEN
Iwan Supriyadi
Abstrak
Proses perpindahan panas tidak bisa lepas kaitannya dari kehidupan sehari-hari tidak
terkecuali dengan proses sulfonasi pada pembuatan detergen, pada proses sulfonasi
digunakan boiler sebagai media penyuplai panas, boiler digunakan karena medianya yang
sangat mudah didapat dan ekonomis yaitu air, air ketika dipanaskan akan menghasilkan
ledakan melebihi bubuk mesiu maka dari itu di gunakan sebagi bahan penyuplai panas untuk
proses. Pada berlangsungnya proses sulfonasi mengharapkan temperatur 120 0C namun pada
kenyataannya temperatur yang diharapkan tidak tercapai, temperatur yang disuplai dari boiler
sampai pada proses sulfonasi hanya 116.02 0C. Terjadinya penurunan temperatur perlunya
analisa mengenai proses perpindahan panas untuk mengetahui berapa besar proses
perpindahan panas pada proses sulfonasi serta unjuk kerja dari boiler sebagi suplai uap.
Setelah dilakukan analisa dan perhitungan maka didapat kehilangan panas pada proses
sulfonasi sebesar 96927 W/m2
C, kebutuhan uap pada proses sebesar 2.48 kg/s, perpindahan
panas menyeluruh 13.916 W/m2 C,untuk heat loses pipa isolasi 561.7 W/m sedangkan heat
loses pada permukaan pipa isolasi sebesar 2.55 W/m dengan efisiensi Boiler sebesar 71.6 %.
Maka dari itu pentingnya perawatan secara berkala guna meningkatkan effisiensi boiler serta
perbaikan terhadap pipa isolasi untuk memperkecil kehilangan panas.
Kata Kunci : Boiler, Proses Perpindahan Panas, Sulfonasi
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ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER SULFONATION PROCESS OF
MAKING DETERGENT IN INDUSTRIAL
Iwan Supriyadi
Abstract
The process of heat transfer can’t escape relation of daily life is no exception with the
sulfonation process in the manufacture of detergents, the sulfonation process used boiler as
media supplies heat, the boiler is used as the medium which is very easily available and
economical: water, water when heated will produce an explosion exceeds gunpowder
therefore be used as a material supply process heat. In the process of sulfonation expect the
temperature of 120 0C but in fact the expected temperature is not reached, the temperature is
supplied from the boiler to the sulfonation process only 116.02 0C. The decrease in the
temperature of the need for an analysis of the heat transfer process to determine how much
heat transfer process in the sulfonation process as well as the performance of the boiler as a
steam supply. After analysis and calculation of the importance of the loss of heat in the
process of sulfonation amounted to 96 927 W / m2 C, the steam demand in process at 2:48 kg
/ s, heat transfer thoroughly 13,916 W / m2 C, for heat loses pipe insulation 561.7 W / m
while the heat loses on the surface of the pipe insulation at 2:55 W / m with a boiler
efficiency of 71.6%. Thus the importance of regular maintenance in order to improve the
efficiency of the boiler as well as repairs to the pipe insulation to minimize heat loss.
Keywords : Boiler, Heat Transfer, Sulfonation
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i
PERNYATAAN ORISINALTITAS .............................................................. ii
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI SKRIPSI ........................... iii
PENGESAHAN ............................................................................................... iv
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... vi
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR NOTASI ......................................................................................... xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................ 1
I.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1
I.2 Perumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 2
I.3 Maksud Dan Tujuan ................................................................................... 2
I.4 Batasan Masalah ......................................................................................... 2
I.5 Metode Penulisan ....................................................................................... 3
I.6 Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................................. 4
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BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................... 5
II. Reaksi Sulfonasi Proses Pembuatan Detergen ........................................... 5
II.1 Prinsip Kerja Sistem Pembangkit Uap ..................................................... 6
II.2 Siklus Rankine .......................................................................................... 6
II.3 Boiler ........................................................................................................ 11
II.4 Proses Perpindahan Panas ......................................................................... 20
II.5 Kehilangan Panas pada Pipa Isolasi .......................................................... 23
II.6 Metode LMTD .......................................................................................... 24
II.7 Evaluasi Kinerja Boiler ............................................................................. 25
II.8 Efisiensi Boiler ......................................................................................... 27
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................. 29
III.1 Mulai ........................................................................................................ 29
III.2 Langkah Metode Penelitian ..................................................................... 30
III.3 Spesifikasi Boiler ..................................................................................... 31
BAB IV PERHITUNGAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................ 37
IV.1 efisiensi Boiler ......................................................................................... 37
IV.2 Perhitungan Kehilangan Panas Pada Proses Sulfonasi ............................ 38
IV.3 Perhitungan Kebutuhan Uap Pada Proses Sulfonasi ............................... 38
IV.4 Perhitungan Perpindahan Panas Proses Sulfonasi ................................... 40
IV.5 Perhitungan Heat loses Pipe Insulation ................................................... 42
IV.6 perhitungan Efisiensi Boiler .................................................................... 43
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BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 46
V.1 Simpulan ................................................................................................... 46
V.2 Saran ......................................................................................................... 46
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 47
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1. Spesifikasi Hoken Boiler ............................................................... 31
Tabel 3.2. Feed Water Yang Diijinkan ............................................................ 32
Tabel 3.3. Data Hoken Boiler ......................................................................... 31
Tabel 3.4. Operasional Hoken Boiler ............................................................. 35
Tabel 3.5. Data Feed Water Hoken Boiler ...................................................... 35
Tabel 3.6 Data Temperatur Pada mesin Sulfonasi .......................................... 36
Tabel 3.7 Data-data Pendukung ...................................................................... 36
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1. Reaktor Sulfonasi ....................................................................... 5
Gambar 2.2. Skema Peralatan Pada Siklus Rankine ....................................... 9
Gambar 2.3. Contoh T-S Diagram Siklus Rankine ......................................... 10
Gambar 2.4. Temperatur – Entropi untuk siklus rankine ideal ....................... 10
Gambar 2.5. Water Tube Boiler ...................................................................... 12
Gambar 2.6. Fire Tube Boiler ......................................................................... 13
Gambar 2.7. Hoken Boiler .............................................................................. 12
Gambar 2.8. Ruang Bakar ............................................................................... 15
Gambar 2.9. Drum Uap .................................................................................... 16
Gambar 2.10. Daerator .................................................................................... 17
Gambar 2.11. Feed Water Pump ...................................................................... 17
Gambar 2.12. Burner ....................................................................................... 18
Gambar 2.13. Electrik Fun ............................................................................... 18
Gambar 2.14. Cerobong Gas Buang ................................................................ 19
Gambar 2.15. Manometer ............................................................................... 19
Gambar 2.16. Pipa Isolasi ............................................................................... 23
Gambar 2.17. Diagram neraca energy ............................................................ 26
Gambar 2.18. Berbagai kehilangan panas pada produksi steam ..................... 27
Gambar 4.1. Skema Pemanfaatan Hoken Boiler ............................................ 37
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DAFTAR NOTASI
Q : Perpindahan Panas Kj/h
A : Luas Permukaan Benda m2
K : Konduktifitas Thermal W/m 0C
LMTD : Beda Temperatur Antara Dua Liran 0C
Ta : Temperatur Permukaan Pipa 0C
Ts : Temperatur Lingkungan 0C
Tf : Temperatur Fluida 0C
Do : Diameter Luar pipa Inchi
Ds : Diameter Total Inchi
D1 : Diameter Dalam Pipa Inchi
Cp : Coefisien Perpindahan Panas kj/kg
M : massa Fluida Kg/h
H : Entalpi kj/kg
Hg : Entalpi Steam Jenuh Kj/kg
Hf : Entalpi Air Umpan Kj/kg