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Transcript of Adine ANM Sweden
8/3/2019 Adine ANM Sweden
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
ADINE
Active Network Management (ANM)
demonstration project
Sami Repo
Tampere University of Technology
Finland
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Contents
1. Active distribution network
Drivers Description
A ctive network management
2. ADINE concept
Overview
Hierarchy of control system Automation and ICT
3. Real time laboratory simulations
Simulation environment
Examples of simulation results
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Active distribution network
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Drivers of active network
1. Penetration of distributed generation (DG)
Renewable energy sources
Controllable resource for distribution network management
Other existing resources are: direct load control
reactive power compensation
demand side management
2. Additional drivers Regulation of network monopolies
Profit regulation
Power quality regulation (interruptions)
Customers expectations for extreme reliability and quality
A ging network infrastruct ure
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Distributed Generation
Increased DG penetration is expected
New products New connection standards
A dvantages
Many use renewable energy sources
May relieve network
Island operation may reduce interruption time Challenges
Network operation and DG interact
Exploit communication for control
New view on DG needed DG offers new possibilities
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Impacts of DG on distribution network
1. Transfer of electricity
Direction and amount of power flow may change Losses will be affected
2. Distribution network rating
Voltage rise effect
Increment of fault current level
3. Protection Protection schemes designed for unidirectional power flow may
become ineffective
4. System impacts
Consequences of immediate tripping of DG units may becomeadverse when short-circuit in transmission grid is seen by severalDG units
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Active network as a solution
Passive network until now
Network is dimensioned to handle the worst loading conditions Investments are in lines, cables, transformers and switchgear
Active network
Flexibility to network comes from the use of controllable
resources Investments are in controllability and information and
telecommunication technologies
Requires integration of DG units instead of "fit & forget
Synergy effects from co-operation of individual controllable
resources
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Active network
Active network
Active Network Management
Active resources
Future infrastructure of
power distribution A c t i v e n e t w o r k a r c h
i t e c t u r e s
E n e r g y m a r k e t
CablingDC in distributionNew materialsEtc.
Why new architecture: Climate change Quality of network service Regulation
Asset management
Protection and control AutomationICT
DGSTATCOMDemand response Aggregator
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Aggregation and utilization of active resources
Demand response
Balance management
Reserve market Price elasticity
Ancillary services Power flow management Voltage control Power quality control Frequency control Spinning reserve Damping of oscillations Back-up power
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Ancillary services in distribution network
The operation of customer owned resources
A ncillary service markets (like balancing and regulation powermarket today)
A ncillary service contract between DNO and service provider
Connection requirements
Ancillary services
Reactive power support Voltage control
Power quality control
Power flow management
Occasional production curtailment (non-firm connection)
Load shedding
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Goals of Active Network Management ± ANM
Ensure safe network operation in networks with DG
Increase network reliability in networks with DG Maximize the use of the existing networks with bottlenecks
caused by voltage issues
Maintain the required level of power quality despite non-predictable power production or consumption
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Characteristics of ANM
Voltage control
The control of DG unit voltage instead of unity power factorrequirement will help in weak networks
The co-ordination of voltage controllers will f urther improve thesit uation which requires some additional measurements forstate estimation purposes
Green arrows = Active power flowBlue arrows = Reactive power flow
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Benefits of co-ordination
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
364 473 572 690 825 992 1174
Loading of Kasnäs feeder [kW]
N e t w o r k
t r a n s f e r c a p a b i l i t y [ k W ]
Unity power factor, Flexible
Local voltage control, Flexible
Co-ordinated control, Flexible
Unity power factor, Fixed
Local voltage control, Fixed
Co-ordinated control, Fixed
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Characteristics of ANM
Power flow management
Normally network customers have firm network capacityavailable
Non-firm network capacity >> firm capacity
The amount of DG to be connected and operated under normalnetwork conditions will be increased
Prod
uction c
urtailment or constraints in e
xtreme conditions
The probability of extreme conditions should be low enough
To increase the firm network capacity by DG
A ctive resources should be controlled almost in real-time to reduceoverload of network when for example a DG unit disconnectssuddenly
Short-term capacity >> long-term capacity of equipments
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
The idea of non-firm network capacity
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Example of power flow management
FG = Firm capacity Only another transformer in use, (n-1)
criteria Minimum loading condition
12 + 2 = 14 MW
NFG = Non-Firm capacity Unlimited operation during normal situation
Controlled operation during disturbances Minimum loading condition
12 + 12 + 2 ± 14 = 12 MW
RNFG = Regulated Non-Firm capacity If the production of FG or NFG isintermittent, then there exists free transfercapacity
Normal situation Maximum loading condition
Controlled operation also during normalsituations
12 + 12 +12 ± 14 ± 12 = 10 MW
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Characteristics of ANM
Protection
Sensitivity Blinding problem
Distance protection and communication based protection
Selectivity
The co-ordination of feeder protection relays
The co-ordination of network and DG unit protection Directional over-current protection, distance protection and
communication based protection
Reclosing
The operating sequence of protection devices during a fault isimportant
Synchronous operation checking may be required
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
ADINE concept
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
U.S. Smart Grid Market Forecast: 2010-2015
Source: GTM research
Distribution Automation (DA) will grow from $2.2 billion in 2010 to $5.6 billion in 2015.
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Hierarchy of Active Network Management
1. Protection2. Automatic control
(decentralized)3. A rea control
(centralized)
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Protection system
The protection of distribution system should be developed to resolveselectivity and sensitivity problems caused by the connection of DG
N
ew feeder protection schemes like Directional over-current
Distance protection
Differential protection
Communication based protection
In order to avoid unnecessary disconnections of DG units there should
be proper coordination of network and DG unit protection. DG unit protection
It should be slow enough to f ulfill the FRT capability requirement, and it should be fast enough to disconnect DG units on faulty feeder.
The communication based protection scheme may be applied to speed upthe disconnection of DG unit during a fault at feeder.
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Fault-ride-through capability
Network protection schemes should be such which dont
require immediate disconnection of
DG units in every fa
ult sit uation
DG units should also withstand much greater variations involtage and frequency without tripping
benefit the balancing and stability of power system
would make possible to utilise island operation at distributionnetwork
When a DG unit has FRT capability
The settings of DG unit protection (LOM) must be loosen in orderto withstand voltage and frequency dips
This creates a safety risk if traditional network protection schemes
are applied
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Fault-ride-through capability
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Automatic control (decentralized)
Voltage control
Network voltage is mainly controlled by the A VC relay of on-line
tap changer of H V/M V transformer A VR of DG and ST A TCOM
Voltage droop to allow parallel operation of units in voltage control(blue)
Voltage constrained reactive power control (red), cascade control of
voltage and power factor
+100%
(Q
-100%
vnomvmin vmax
Voltage control is the most effective inweak distribution networks
Distributed reactive power compensation
A VR of on-line tap changer of M V/M V transformer separate control zone forthe problematic area
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Automatic control (decentralized)
Power quality control
LV connected DG units
Reactive power control of microt urbine may be utilized to improvevoltage quality
Decoupling of public distribution network and sensitive loads bydecoupling inductance and reactive power control behind it
ST A TCOM is utilized to
Ensure grid code compliance
Provide ancillary services for a DNO
Power quality priority list (some examples)
The highest priority for the flicker elimination, (if flicker is not severe) the capacity may be utilized for harmonic filtering
Fault-ride-through capability quite seldom needed, but when it isneeded this must have the highest priority in the list (adaptability)
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Area control (centralized)Protection setting co-ordination
Protection planning software is utilized to plan settings for feeder andDG unit protection relays
Checking of suitability of settings before network topology changes
and exceptional feed sit uations New settings are put in operation via Relay setting tool
Co-ordinated voltage control
Best possible setting values for voltage (reactive power) controllers
SC ADA adjusts the new setting values for controllers
Direct connection to controller settings
Change of ST A TCOM priority list to put voltage control first
Network restoration
Fault location
Automatic fault isolation and network restoration
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Control center IT system
Core IT for ANM
Network Information System Distribution Management System
SC ADA
A dvanced Metering Infrastruct ure
Information system requirements
1. High integration of information systems
2. Standard software interfaces
3. Common data model for information exchange
Plug-and-play software components
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Integration of automation systems is needed
Substation automation
Real-time measurements Control commands
Parameter settings Disturbance recordings
Distribution automation
Same information as above Disconnectors, reclosers,
MV/LV transformer stations,
fault indicators, etc.
Customer automation (AMI)
Energy measurement Outage information Voltage quality
L
oad control
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Telecommunication
A ny communication medium
Many protocols for substation level communication
Communication to small-scale DG
Not always needed
Automatic Metering Infrastruct ure
IEC 61850-7-420 Basic communication struct ure Distributed energyresources logical nodes"
This will develop anyway No need for special smart grid communication
How existing communication techniques should be applied
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Existing standards
Control center
ELCOM-90 (IEC 60870-6 /T A SE.1)
ICCP (IEC 60870-6 /T A SE.2)
Common Information Model (IEC 61970-301 & IEC 61968-11) and relatedinterface definitions
MultiSpeak
Communication between control center and substation
IEC 6
087
0-
5
DNP3
Substation
IEC 61850
Industrial standards (Modbus, SPA , LON, )
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Vision of future ICT system fordistribution network management
Service Oriented A rchitect ure (SOA )
Information system integration through Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)
Platform-independent Web technologies (e.g. X ML, Web Services, )
Standard interfaces (e.g. IEC 61968)
Standard information model (e.g. CIM)
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Vision of future ICT system fordistribution network management
Service Oriented A rchitect ure (SOA )
Information system integration through Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)
Platform-independent Web technologies (e.g. X ML, Web Services, )
Standard interfaces (e.g. IEC 61968)
Standard information model (e.g. CIM)
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Vision of future automation system fordistribution network management
Important questions
What information is collected tocentralized systems?
What functions may be madedecentralized?
How to update information?
Practical issues
Standard interfaces Common protocols and messages Common information model
Platform-independent Webtechnologies Middlewares Service Oriented Architecture
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Laboratory testing
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
R eal time testing in laboratory
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Software in real-time simulations
SCADA
Relay
Relay Setting Tool
OPC server NIS DMS
AVR
Fault Reporting Tool
Matlab
RTDS
RS-CAD
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Combined real-time simulationenvironment of RTDS/dSPACE
dSPACE is real-time simulator for control systems
(we use dSPACE to model power electronics and its control)
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Simulation cases
1. Influence of DG on feeder protection
Feeder protection schemes: non-directional overcurrent, directionalovercurrent, distance protection and differential protection
Loss-Of-Mains protection: ROCOF and voltage /frequency protection
2. Co-ordination of feeder protection and DG unit protection
Automatic reclosure and LOM
Selective LOM protection based on communication
3. Protection impacts on Fault-Ride-Through of DG unit
Stability of DG unit in H V network faults
Operation of LOM protection when DG unit have FRT capability
4. Parallel operation of local voltage controllers Voltage control in LV network
Co-ordinated voltage control
5. ST A TCOM
Flicker mitigation
Voltage dip mitigation
Influence on LOM
E l f FRT i l ti
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Example of FRT simulations
20 21 22 23 24 25 26-1000
-500
0
50 0
1000
Usync a
Usync b
Usync c
20 21 22 23 24 25 26-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
iL2a
iL2b
iL2c
Fig. 8. a) Connection point voltage b) Grid current.
20 21 22 23 24 25 260
20 0
40 0
60 0
80 0
1000
1200
1400
Choppe r current A
dc-l ink vo ltage V
20 21 22 23 24 25 26-600
-400
-200
0
20 0
40 0
p ref
p
Fig. 9. a) dc-link voltage udc and chopper current during the fault. b) Instantaneous active power p and its reference value p*
20 21 22 23 24 25 26-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
10 0
q ref
q
20 21 22 23 24 25 26-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
20 0
40 0
i L1d ref
i L1d
Fig. 10. a) Reactive power q and its reference value q*. b) Active power component of the grid current iL1,d and its reference iL1,d*.
20 21 22 23 24 25 26-400
-200
0
20 0
40 0
60 0
80 0
i L1q ref
i L1q
20 21 22 23 24 25 26-700
-600
-500-400
-300
-200
-100
0
10 0
isq ref
is q
Fig. 11. a) q-component of the grid side converter current and its reference value. b) q-component of the stator current and its reference value.
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
-15000
-10000
-5000
0
Electric torque
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
35
40
45
50
Wr ref
W r
Fig. 12. a) Electrical torque of the generator. b) Rotational speed of the turbiner and its reference value r *.
Breakingchopper isactivated
Output
power reduction
Reactivepower
support
Reducingelectrical
torqueKineticenergy
increases
Pitchcontrol
activated
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Non-detection zone of LOM
Operation limit Delay [s]
f < 47 Hz 0.2
f > 51 Hz 0.2
U < 90 % 10
U > 106 % 10
U << 50 % 0.1
U >> 110 % 0.05
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Non-detection zone of LOM
This area was not tested
This area was not tested
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Effect of load voltage dependency on LOM
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European CommissionFeeder protection auto reclosingand LOM
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Selective LOM protection based on communication
XX
Incom ing feeder re lay A
G O O S E m e ssa ge
REF 615
RE D 6 1 5
RE D 6 1 5
BST message
Feeder re lay A1
Feeder re lay A2
RE F 6 1 5
Feeder re lay B1
X
C a b
l e o r O H L
CB _ B 1 X
C a b
l e o r O H L
CB _ B 1X
G
X
C a b
l e o r O H L
CB _ A 1
REF 615 or REF 543
DG re lay
Fault AFault B
Fault C
CB _ DG
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Fault B without communication Communication between feederprotection and LOM
DG
trips
Fault
starts
Faulted
feeder trips
Fault
starts
Faulted
feeder trips
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Co-ordinated voltage control
Substation voltage and reactivepower of DG are controlled
Basic control is used to keepthe network voltages betweenfeeder voltage limits
Restoring control is used to
normalize the voltages when thevoltage level of the wholenetwork has remained unusuallyhigh or low
restore the DGs power factor set point to 1.0 when the networkstate allows it
Control is based on DMS state
estimation
110/20 kV
G
Soininkosk i hydropower p lant
Feeder Vi rrat Feeder Ri tar i
C o o r d i n a t e dv o l ta g e c o n t r o l
AVCrelay
Tap changer mechanism
Substat ionHeinäaho
V ref
AVR
co sNset
open disconnector
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RTDS testing of control algorithm in Matlab
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European CommissionCo-ordinated voltage controlDG reactive power primarily controlled
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 358
0.95
1
1.05
1. 1
[ p u ]
M ax im um voltage M inim um voltage G enerator voltage
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 3581
1.05
1. 1
[ p u ]
S ubs tat io n vo ltag e V oltage s et p oint of O LTC
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 358
0.98
0.99
1. 0
Power factor set point
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 358
-0.4
-0.2
0
0. 2
[ M V A r ]
R eac tive power s et point D G reac tive power
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 358
0
1
2
Time [s ]
[ M W ]
DG real power
Voltage limits of
restoring control
Voltage limits of basic control
AVC relay
deadband
Basic control
decreases AVC set point
Network voltages are restored
to an acceptable level
Tap changer operates
Basic control decreases
power factor set point
Restoring control increases
power factor set point
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Main results of laboratory simulations
Simulation environment
Successf ul integration of RTDS, dSPA CE and SC ADA
Models Network model, hydro power, diesel, directly connected wind t urbine and
DFIG wind t urbine (RTDS)
Microt urbine, Full power converter permanent magnet wind t urbine, DFIG wind t urbine, 3-level ST A TCOM and active filters (dSPA CE)
Devices available REF 615 feeder protection
REF 630 distance protection RED 615 differential protection
REF 543 ROCOF and voltage /frequency protection
Communication link based on GOOSE and BST messages
Relay setting tools C AP 505 and PCM600
MicroSC ADA Pro SYS 600 and MicroSC ADA Pro DMS 600
ST
A TC
OMcontrol
unit
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Main results of laboratory simulations
Findings
Hardware in loop simulations Ex
tension of product development between prototype and field tests
Versatile tests compared to field tests
Utilisation of the capabilities of both simulators for interaction st udiesof power system and power electronics
Protection (results based on a case st udy) Protection problems of DG exists in real life but not as often as
expected Communication based protection schemes (differential and LOM) have
extremely good results
Non-detection zone of LOM is not ortogonal in distribution network
Automatic reclosure may be still utilized at feeder protection if LOM includes ROCOF and reclosure delay is increased to 500 ms
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Main results of laboratory simulations
Findings
FRT Several options of wind t urbine converter controls have been st udied to find out
a good solution for FRT
Voltage control Microt urbine may control reactive power behind a decoupling inductance and
the parallel operation of controllers is possible
Co-ordinated voltage control algorithm controls the substation voltage and the reactive power of DG based on the state of
the whole network
keeps network voltage levels within control limits
OPC provides an easy to implement interface for a third party software
ST A TCOM
ST A TCOM provides a superior solution for V A r control, voltage regulation,flicker compensation, and fault-ride through improvement .
A lso grid current harmonic filtering is possible if sufficiently high switching
frequency can be
used.
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Conclusions
A ctive network management is feasible today
Several active network solutions have been developed anddemonstrated
Existing equipment and automation systems are utilized in thesedemonstrations evolution instead of revolution
Further development needed
Utilization of existing information and communication technologies
New solutions and systems for combined management of electricitynetworks and markets
Hardware in loop simulations
Extension of product development between prototype and field tests
Versatile tests compared to field tests
8/3/2019 Adine ANM Sweden
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ADINE is a project co-funded by the European Commission
Thank you!
www.adine.fi