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McAlpin, David W.A Core Vocabulary for Tamil. Final Report.Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia. Inst. of South AsiaRegional Studies.Bureau of Postsecondary Education (DHEW/OE),Washington, D.C. Div. of International Education.Nov 76300=75-0314146p.South Asia Regional Studies, 820 Williams Hall CU,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania 19174 .
MF-$0.83 HC-$7.35 Plus Postage.Diacritical Marking; Dialects; Diglossia; DravidianLanguages; *Glossaries; Instructional Materials;*Language Instruction; Language Variation;Pronunciation; Second Language Learning; Semantics;*Standard Spoken Usage; *Tamil; Uncommonly TaughtLanguages; *Vocabulary; Word Frequency; Word Lists;*Written Language
This vocabulary list is directed towards the Tamilinstructor and the advanced student. Its primary goal is to bringsome order to the teaching of vocabulary in the first two years ofTamil instruction. A secondary goal is to help the student throughthe vocabulary maze of Tamil diglossia. Three main criteria wereemployed in selecting words for the list: high frequency, usage, andsemantic adequacy. The list is primarily in Modern Literary Tamil(MLT) and is glossed in both Colloquial Tamil (CT) and in English.High Literary Tamil (HLT) words have been entered in brackets afteror ander the main MLT entry as a third variant. As the normal scriptused for MLT is in many ways ambiguous for colloquial pronunciation,a system of diacritics has been added to make the pronunciationclear. Appendix 1 groups the words by Semantics and usage and allowsfor access to the list through CT or English. Appendix II gives thefew words which have a high frequency in LT but were not included inthe main list because of a more common synonym. (Author/AM)
* Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished *
* materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every. effort ** to obtain the best copy availableNevertheless, items of marginal *
reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality ** of the microfiche and hardcopy'reproductions ERIC makes available ** via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not ** responsible for the quality of the-original document. Reproductions ** supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made frOm the original. ************************************************************************
1
IITLE VI, NDEA, SEC. 602Contfact No. 300-75-0314
C:r
CO
U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTHEDUCATION & WELFARENC, TIONAL INSTITUTE OF
EDUCATION
TTTIS DOENNIENT NAt FIF EN LEPRO-DUCED EXAC TL Y AS RECEIVED FRomTHE PERSON OP ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POiNT OE VIEW OR OPINIONSSTA 1 FO DO NOT NECEV,APILY REPRE-SENT OFFICIAL NA TIONAL INSTITUTE OFEDUEATION POSITION OR 001 IC r
Final ReportUSOE Contract 300-75-0314
A CORE VOCABULARY FOR TAMIL
BY
DAVID W. McALPIN
Department of South Asia Regional StudiesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19174
Novembe , 1976
Copies available from:
South Asia Regional Studies820 Williams Hall CUUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19174
Research and production costs were supported by a contract with theUnited States Office of Education (No. 300-75-0314). This supportis gratefully acknowledged. Materials in the Listfor Modern Tamil used with the author's permission.
This volume is dedicated to R. Shanmugam whose innovative andfundamental work of many years made this project possible.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction viiiUse of Vocabulary List ix
Conventions for Writing Colloquial TamilSources Used xiiAbbreviations and Symbols xiii
ALPHABETICAL LISTING 1-68
APPENDIX T. Words Grouped by Topic, Use, and Semantics 69Section One Function Words
A. Pronouns and Deictics 691. Personal and Resumptive Pronouns 692, Deictic and Interrogative Pronouns 693. Other Deictics 70Postpositions 721. Postpositions with Simplex Nouns 72
a. With Nominative 72b. With Accusative 72C. With Dative 72d. With Oblique 73e. With Dative or Oblique 73
2. Postpositions with Verbal Forms 74a. With Participles 74b. With Participial 74c. Postpositions and Clitics with
conditionalsC. Clitics
Sentence Markers1. Conjunctions2. Interjections, Address Forms, and Tag Markers
E. Verbs with Special UsesI. Impersonal Verbs2. Grammatical Verbs
F. Modifiers1. Adjectives2, Adverbs3. Colors4. Other Qualities
C. Quantifiers1. Numerical
a. Natural Numbersb. Other
2. Nonnumerical3. Related WordsTime1. Time Units2. Related Words
iv
75
75
76
7676
77
77
78797980
81
81
82828283
84
85
85
86
I. Location and Shape 87
1. General Location, Directions 87
2. Other Locatives 88
3. Place Names 88
4. Form and Shape 89
Section Two Soc-aty and the Social SciencesJ. Government, Administration, and Politics
1. Administration2. Government
a. Politics, Ruleb. Land ( Administrationc. Ward. Law
3. Related WordsK. Economics
1. Business and Finance2. Money and Salaries3. Related Words
L. Religion, Rites and FestivalsM. People and Society
1. People2. Family and Kin3. Roles and Occupations4. Related Words
90
90
90
9091
92
929393
9395
95
96
97
97
97
98
99
Section Three Biology and the WorldN. Animals and Plants 101
1. Animals 101
2. Plants 102
3. Animal and Plant Parts 102
4. Related Words 103
O. Land 103
1. Agriculture 103
2. Geography 104
3. Weather 104
P. Food 106
1. Foods 106
2. Utensils, etc. 107
3. Related Words 108
Q. Anatomy and Health 109
1. Body Parts 109
2. Health and Medicine 110
3. Related Words 111
Section Four ThingsR. Artifacts 112
1. Tools, Machines, and Miscellaneous Artifacts 1122. Transportation and Travel 1143. Dress, Clothing, and Ornament 114
S. Materials and Construction 1161. Materials and Substances 1162. Buildings 1173. Parts of Buildings 1174. Related Words 118
Section Five Humanities and SciencesT. Learning and the Arts 119
1. Education 1192. Literature and Writing 1203. Philosophy 1204. Arts and Sports 1215. Related Words 121
U. Mind and Behavior 1221. Emotions 1222. Mind 1233. Perceptions, Feelings, and Behavior 123
V. Physical Sciences 1251. Physics 1252. Measurement 1253. Movement, Verbs of Motion 126
W. Basic Abstract Nouns 127X. Basic Verbs 128
APPENDIX IT High Frequency High Literary Words not Includedin thc Coro Vocabulary
vi
131
PREFACE
A work of this nature obviously depends upon the previous workof numerous scholars and language teachers. Of particular importanceis-the work of R. Shanmugam of Madurai University and his A WordFrequency List for Modern Tamil. Without his major work, thisproject could not have been undertaken. I am grateful for his kindpermission for me to make a partial hand copy of his manuscript andto make use of this material in this vocabulary list. In a realsence this volume is directly derivative from his monumental work.
Among the people who worked on this project, special mentionmust be made of William Webster who was both the research assistantand the Tamil scribe. His patient, methodical collecting ofdisparate data is greatly appreciated as is his care in writingthe Tamil in the manuscript. Rajam Ramamurti spent countlesshours of her own time in providing stylistic equivalents in thevarious levels of Tamil. She also performed an invaluable servicein proofing the manuscript as did Mary Kroul. While principall; thetypist, Elliot Stern was of even greater service as the initialproofer and controller of foimat. He is responsible for the removalof countless inconsistencies. My thanks to all of these people andthe many others who provided specific pieces of information.
The work was made possible by a contract with the Office ofEducation, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Manythanks go to the people in the Office of Education , particularlyMrs. Julia A. Petrov, for their help at all stages of this project.
David W. McAlpinUniversity of PennsylvaniaNovember, 1976
9
vii
INTRODUCTION
The primary goal of this vocabulary list is to bring some order tothe teaching of vocabulary in the first two years of Tamil. Three maincriteria were employed in selecting words for this list: (1) highfrequtna, any word with a frequency of over 20 per 100,000 in ModernLiterary Tamil-(MLT) was normally included as was any comparable word inColloquial Tamil (CT), (2) usaga, any word comonly used by Americanstudents either in their readings or in living in South India, (3)
adequacy, a complete enough semantics to allow the student to expresshimself however haltingly and to allow Tamil to Tamil glossing In moreadvanced texts. The actual words were taken from R. Shanmugam's A WordFre_quency_List for Modern Tamil and commonly used texts along with enoughadditions to meet the adequacy criterion above. Selection in many casesbecame somewhat arbitrary, and the author solicits additions and correctionsto this list. The ultimate goal is a standard vocabulary which thestudent can have mastered completely within two years, which is in itselfadequate, and which can form a reasonable base for more advanced work.This does not mean that vocabulary should be limited to this list, butrather-that these items be stressed and 'other words deemphasized.
A secondary goal is to help the student through the vocabulary mazeof Tamil diglossia. Having been on innumerable occasions at a loss asto what the CT equivalent is of a word I knew in MLT or vice versa, Iconsidered it necessary to provide both the MLT and CT forms for everyentry. Due to differences in teaching approaches, the CT form has beengiven in both Tamil and Roman scripts. Due to the nature of the sourcesand its primary use, this vocabulary list is primarily in MIT and isglossed in both CT and English. As a result, the CT content is oftensomewhat more derivative than would have been ideal. The semanticgrouping of items in Appendix I is an attempt to allow access to the listthrough CT or English. As work advanced on this project, the number ofuseful High Literary Tamil (HLT) words became sizable. These have beenhandled as a third variant entered in brackets after or under the mainMLT entry. Thus, in varying degrees three styles of Tamil are indicatedalong with their English glosses. These English glosses try to indicatethe basic meanings which should come to the student's mind first. Rareand archaic meanings have generally been avoided, although difficultto find meanings such as CT idioms are sometimes included.
There were criteria which had to be applied to selecting variantforms even in ma% In general, the form which is the most useful isgiven. Occasionally, two alternates are given with the first slightlymore common. Readily derivable forms have not been included except whenthey have a noteworthy significance of their own. Thus, verbal nouns andcausatives are not normally given. Sanskrit loans are given in :their moreSanskritic form (.461-41m6, rather than qfikA05Lb) since the conversions ofthe Grantha letters are well known and predictable, but not vice versa,i.e, L4G-AJTIMLb implies a variant 1-415EELb, but not the other way around.The CT forms are based on urban non-Brahman norms from the central dialects,chiefly, Tiruchiruppalli, Thanjavur, and Madurai. Rarely, northern andaouthern variants are given.
viii
1 0
Due to its goals and format, this list is primarily oriented towardsthe Tamil instructor and the advanced student. In particular, in itscurrent form this list is not intended for the direct use of the beginningstudent or for self-instruction. A basic knowledge of Tamil grammar isassumed. Many of the glosses are intended more as aids to memory recallthan as totally adequate definitions. The words require considerableexplana ion of their use which can only be done in class by a teacher.
Hof_Vocabulary List
The main vocabulary list is preserved in three columns. The lefthand column which is preceded by the reference number has the ModernLiterary Tamil (MLT) form occasionally with its High Literary Tamil (HLT)equivalent in brackets. Verbs are followed by their verb classificationnumber according pa Craul's system. Verbs that exist in two classessuch as weak--strong pairs are followed by a double number such as 2./6.Irregulnr verbs have their infinitive and converbial [adverbial participle !in parentheses following the imperative. The middle column gives theColloquial Tamil (CT) equivalent of the MLT form. This is given both inRoman script according to the system used in H. Schiffman's Reader for .
Advanced Spokenjamii (see Part II, pp. 2-7) and in Tamil script withdiacritics (see next section). The Roman is given first with the Tamilfollowing or more commonly underneath. Due to the slightly varyingsystems, the two versions do not always provide the same informationconcerning pronunciation. If there is more than one CT equivalent tothe MLT form, these are numbered individually and are also glossed separatelyin English when necessary. The Roman version of CT verbs is followed bya hyphen (-) if weak and by a double:hyphen ("=) if strong; weak--strongpairs are followed by (-/7-). Irregular or rare pattern verbs (Graulsystem groups 1, 4, 5, 7) are followed by their infinitive and converbialin parentheses in both scripts. Unusual obliques a7e given for nounsinside brackets in both scripts. The right hand column gives the Englishmeaning. Different glosses of the same Tamil meaning are separated bycommas; glosses of different Tamil meanings are separated by semicolons.Occasionally, a meaning is explained rather than glossed. In this case,it is double underlined. Explanations or complex meanings may befollowed by colons which in turn are followed by common one word glosses.Optional words and grammatical explanations are normally given inparentheses. When a meaning or gloss applies only to the CT fom it issingle underlined. When a given meaning or gloss applies only to theLiterary Tamil form, it is enclosed in brackets. Glosses using termscommon only in South Asian usage are enclosed in double quotation marks.
Appendix I groups the words by semantics and usage. The entries aresomewhat abbreviated with only the Roman version of CT and shorter glossesgiven. The reference number preceding each entry refers to the main list.Within any one lettered subgrouping, a word is normally given only oncealthough it coul: go in more than one divisiom Only the meanings applicableto the semantic voup under consideration are commonly given althoughbasic meanings are sometimes included for reference. Appendix II givesthe few words which have a high frequency in Literary Tamil, but werenot included in the main list because of a more common synonym. These
words will only interest people concerned with HLT or formal MLT.
ix
11
Conventims for WritijIl_gilquial Tamil
Since the normal script used for Modern Literary Tamil is in manyways ambiguous for colloquial pronunciation, it has been necessary toadd a system of diacritics to make the pronunciation clear. As faras possible use the literary script and its conventions to indicate thepronunciations of the colloquial dialects; for example, there is no needto mark the predictably voiced consonants. The spelling conventions ofMLT should be maintained to make for easier reading and dictionary.useeven if the contrasts are not maintained in most dialects, i.e.,distinct from 67', a' distinct from OD , distinct from ogir.Grantha letters should be used -.4herever appropriate. Vowels shouldbe indicated as spoken. This requires that the vowel Om be written. asdNai since 06M is a common sequence in CT. In general, try to usethe systems that modern writers use to indicate CT in their wri-ings.
Diacritics:
§lipIposed circle 640. The letter is not to be pronounced, but itmay have a predictable effect on the preceding vowel. The letterwill have its full pronunciation when followed by another vowel.This' 'dIacritic is used only finally and contrasts with the normal_tp_4_1A (6610
6-UT --nasalize the prec2ding vowel ith:or CA-2 and :11L0 C5J
0 061-T,uj -- no vowel change. Used mainly in citation forms..431167T [0:3 for dialects with this shift.
Su.erosed _check ( ). The consonant has an optional full releasewhich is heard as a weak vowel of indeterminate quality or not, butthe surrounding phonology is as if it were followed by a fullvowel, i.e, the con nant is not part of a true consonant cluster.
06 '6- 67jr irukkree tfLT g)g glecisr
This check is commonly written in MLT as a short tp. or a , andin very slow speech can be pronounced in this way. In rapidspeech, the optional release is commonly dropped between geminateconsonants, (7-rillit = saapta (141J 0.4T.DL91- ).Either variant can be written to reflect the speed of thespeaker. However, both variants musr contrast with the form ofthe geminate followed by a_single-consonant:.
mLJuL saapda (MLT eFrrD,511-- )
ÜL ipdi -(MLT CAJL,F )
12
Subppsed line In spite of _its position, the letter is afully voiced stop. The letter tek indicates /g/ not /h/.
0ap Cu Lo de ev5, SUL 6 laldu, Li 6.0 ban'
Sub osed dot ( ). In spite of,its position, the letter is avoiceless stop. The letter d: indicates PO not is/.
siT47:511 kaapi, eileiToinlininna
Sub osed diaresis (). The consonant is palatalized. This isnot normally used when predictable. When used with the vowelit indicates the quality[m]. The letter a* indicates /g/.
g§4 vakkya (MT annjEits ), i-j(Tr6-J baank,ffirrigasir sikkaagoo
§pecial_letters. By convention:
it.L (or u ft-
([10J is spelled 454full final [u]
qe.LIIT677, foon, indu
xi
13
SOURCES USED
Anton; H. and D. Hellmann. Tamil T_Iage in Masa Media, Madras:By the Author. 1975.
Arden, A. H. A Pro ressive Crammar_of_Common Tamil. Madras: The ChristianLiterature Society fifth edition. 1942.
Asher, R. E. and R. Radhakrishnan. A Tamil Prose Reader. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. 1971.
0
Beck, Brenda E. F. The Human Body Image: Its Popular Description inTamil Proverbs. (mimeograph) 1975.
Fabricius, 3. P. Tamil and En!lish Dictionary. Tranquebar: Evangelical.Lutheran Mission Publishing House. fourth edition, revised'and enlarged. 1912.
Hart, George L. and K. Hart. A Tamil Primer Part II). Madison, Wisconsin:By the Author (Dept. of ,South Asian Studies). 1970.
-aswam i Raja, N. and K. Doraswamy. Conversational Tamil.Annamalainagar: Annamalai University. 1966.
Schiffman, Harold F. Reader for Advanced S -ken Tami t II:Crammaand-Glossary.-Seattle: Department of-Asian,LanguageaandLiterature. 1971.
. Intermediate Tamil: A Self-Instructional Method. Seattle:By the Author.
Shanmugam Filial, M. A Tamil Reader for Be inners Parts I & II.Annamalainagar: Annamalai University. 1966.
Shanmugam, R. A Word Freauenc -Iist for _odern Tamil. UnpublishedPh.D. dissertation, Madurai University. 1973.
Tamil pirst Reader. Madras: The Christian Literature Society. 1964.
Tamil_Lexicon, Vol, 1-6. Madras: University of Madras. 1924-36.
Visvanatha Pillai, V. A Tamil-En lish_Dictionary. Madras: The MadrasSchool Book and LiteratureSociety. eighth edition. 1972.
xii
14
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
adj.
adv.
bot.cf.
cpd(s).CT
adjectiveadverbbotanical, botanycomparecompound(s ), compoundedcolloquial Tamil
instr.
int.intr.ir.
m.
MLT
instrumentalinterjectionintransitiveirregularmasculinemodern literary Tamil
cvb . converbial (adverbial pt.) n. noundat. dative neg. negativedef. defective num. numerical, numberesp. especiallY obl. obliqueetc. et cetera pl. pluralf. feminine post. postpositionfut. future pr. presentHLT
honhigh literary Tamil (cmp,41,honorific
'pt,
sing.participle, participialsingular
imp. impersonal tr. transitiveinf. infinitive v. verb
.11BILs
withor
attached fo-weak verbstrong verb
rn
(underlined) meaning found in CT only; foreign word(double underlined) explanation, not gloss
meaning found only in HLT/MLT; HLT variant;
If
oblique stemoptional or explanationSouth Asian usage
Ta: l Al habetical Order
=The Tamil entries are alphabetized using the LpiLt follows thevowel convention as used in Fabricius' dictionary.
C9-1 c9-,
IT,
E5 ,a
FF 6T GT ag 63 ,Da gEG, omrr, G7E6
ne9i
611-
15
00
A Core Vocabu arY of Tamil Alphabetical Listing
rr
2. 4/ rr
3. .Arki6E6 Ark.41
2./6.
5.
6
7.4iLrale 3.
c.-101_7
9. OILTTL/T y4IL LIT
10. Alf. 6.
11. .g14
,.91L9AA51
12.
DikSan
41 dri-
akkaa41EtSrV
anke
elfitin%
ace-/:
4141
bayaPPaTu (4)
LJUJOUG'
aTekku,
ML-ZgaTankuL nu
(a)Taa((m)Lrr
(a)Tii
(4
aTeeTe e
4fCi-6 1.
4Hq
aTi
ALit
aTiyle4qa.1104v
eTutCe.
AG EP
dict onary
elder sister
there
move, move about, stir; move,shake (head);,agitate, shake,disturb (attached movement,ususlay one end attached andone free)
fear, be afraid
put down, restrain, control,subordinate; contain
submi obey; be subdued; becontained; calm down (intr.)
simile form for
inte "ection exsurTYlse:
strike, beat; blow (of wind),fall (of rain), beat down (ofon); print (a book, etc.)
bas_ bottom; foot; step
gt t_e base of, at the foot :
undetrteath post. + dat./obl.)
oext;after
ith time words) the onee coming one
13. OrGiii4
14. ,161)
15. g
16.
[06-irdon-LA
17. 6)4) 2.
18. 7c1615-F)
18a. a awn- 6.
19. otarrarr
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
rr
aTuppu
.91011,4
1. keTekkum6-) E66) L
2. ceeru-
aTe4101
aDvaansu6lJrrr rTif
pooTu (pooTa, pooTTu
eLi cauTLjewri:aNiln
143Tr912.1
aNe
On-r
aNNan
IcraIr 0,161-
aNNi
z9.' cr/ciT
atikam jaasti
EBEL) ri-0---1u
rompa
6) cr rr Li3 LJ
atikaaram
jle5riTW
attane, avaLavu
no0-5,5162Joi7
attaan
0/§ !Tor
atte
anta
1 ri
place for cooking fire,
hearth, stove
1. obtain, get
2. reach, approach
shut, close (door, windowtop, etc.); lock
advance (payment)
wear, put on (clothes,jewels); [adorn]
squirrel
turn of
elder brother
elder brother's wife
much, a lot (of); excess
ch off (light)
very
authority, power- command_
jurisprudence; chapter (ofbook)
that, t_at thing
that many; so many, so much
elder sista 's husband
father's sister; mother-in-law(husband's mother), older womanon father's side
that, those ( dj.)
28. prruilz
29. 411Art.51(
gardon-r'p
30. 411:jtiti
31. ei1-11.11T-
32. ..V1:_iLltpl..0
apaayam
e1Urra.11.0
apivirutti
Tialo-15)(ff.$
appaTi
064.1L5t
appaa
OfillUrr
appram
41D LJtTJLO
33.4N0aurrgt appaMuu
34. *foLoriclitebrr amerikkaa
44owrfle6izrr
36. 1.0
37.
38.01th IT_ rrwi
39. 011-ALOrrii2MAIrr
L.()
danger
development, progress
like that, in that manner, so
father, address to older maleinferiors or of endearatent
1. that side;=farther, beyond2. moreover; then afterwards3. [on the far side of, beyond
(post. dat.)]4. after (post. ± past pt.)
then, at that time
America, the United States
amerikka American
,9ino Met
2.16. ame-/: 2. become settled; be suitable,fit
6. settle, adjust; construct,install
40. çre
1. ameyti
2.
cz9tOLAtii
caantam
t1-9 T Lai
ameppu
aciL 01:1
ammaa
4IZOLC3 rr
ammaaTiyooa LAO rr
raajaa
Trrt2rr
1 8
1. peace, tranquility (political)
calmness (personal)
structure, mechanism, con-struction,'establishment;organization, constitution,institution
mother; matron, lady, form ofagidress to older woman or
golgAraigIa
oh my gosh! (expression of mildsurprise)
king
41:
42.
43.
44. an 7
45.-91cuu3 tr
46.4/
47. ,=9/70g!
48. Oic-D 7
49. f2IWi 2)
50. anJ
51. Of r
52. a
55.
56
GJ
carkkaaru
EZrr
arici
Sfrng)
arume
,94 61/.0
government; royalty, kingdom
uncooked (but husked) rice
rareness; dearness, precious-ness
rare, dear
are half, 1/2 (fraction ); wa
.617
alamaari
9/6A)WIT
ale
OK)o-U
'almirah; a (wall) cabinet withdoors, cupboard; any shelf
wave
illaaTTaa or, if not
c&crlicurrC-Lrt
avacaram hurry, haste; emergency62Jec9
avaciyam necessity, urgency, certainty
46-2.1g7w
avaru he (ho that person
41614-5'
avanka (L)PRI 67) orr
ava(L2
m6_71J01-7
avanalorr
av
416-bi
they, those people; she (hon.
she
2. be boiled, steamed6. boil, steam, cook in water
atunka(L) they, those things04r
avaLavu that -uch, so much
ewurrr ci4
4
19
57. (0.{
58
59.
60. 6.
61 ..5f0Trell
62.
63.
64. ,* gdLJJ
aRaku beauty
ARu aRutu) weep, cry
4/9
aRukku
oigkuuppiTu 4.)
eFrL EiL9G
aLavu
arcr4
1. teriyum (imp.neprna
2. puriyum (imp.
r79 L44 17°
vinaanam
53rr6vr ZD
arupatu, aruvatu(ob1.01,0J4./5
(obl. arupa t' etc.,
1:911-1T etc.)
65. ,P16131
66. ofcrto
67. glgp Lb
68.411gp.y.
69. Oarrocral:N4
70. "ren-Ly
71. .liairrorT c-
dirt, filth; dirty laundry
invite; cail
-amount, measure, limit, extent
1. know
2 under- and-
science, field of knowledge
sixty, 60
are- spank, slap
Jioruum (obl. ruum) room, c amberoth (ob W )
anupavam
010J Li CLI
experience; enjoyment
anuppu- send
4V 69anpalappu gift&oirLian9
ampu love, affection kindness
4ilb
aNNekki
Aicrim-oloour E5
5
2 0
that day
72.
73.
75. ,.3 trui
76.
77. ,v9A
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
Ir.
itgAil_D
3.
-aa
-aa... -aa
interrogative clitic as_far a yes-no rep y witexpectation neutra
or (only with questions) [clitic]
ing
1. =fthe sake of) [p t
2. for (duration, with timeunits) [post. ± norri.]in order to [post. dat.of fut. ptn.]
4. inf. of_ 'be', includingits use in equationalsentences, often used for=q6
aakaayam, aakaacam. skyE8Trun0 85ir 6L10
aa(ku) [aaka,aay
) wes,
aakku-
b@aaoiriyar, vaadyaar
airrig
iSTam aace
be- (so and so), become; happen,take place; pass (of time)
make, effect, create
editor, author; teacher, lac u er
rriT
desire
aaspattri hospital
inkliiS English
aaTu-
aaTu
aacci
6
2 1
move (in a rhythmical mannerplay, dance
goat, sheep
rule, administration, govern-Ment; sovereignty
85.
86.
87.
88.
89. ,w-3
90.
91.
92.
93.
94
95.
5)7
7Z0
cr
[ob oebum
97.
aaNi
aaNu
aataravu
v24V-6-14aattiram
'z'9 65
aapattu
eiltue5ipj aapiisu, aafiis
-aam
aamaa
wrraame
aayiram a
[obl. aayira
aayutam
Liq
aaranyam17UJLJLO
aaraacci
,3 0-7 u-
98.. -aavatu...-aavatu61-1 -4
99. aaLu
7
22
nail
ness
support, protection,patronage, emotional support
impatience; irritation
adversity
office
ta marker to -entence (or otherp rase n catuig t at thes eaker is not res onsi e forthe validitv of the statemengossip particle
yes
turtle, tortoise
thousand, 1,000
tool, instrument
beginning
investigation, research
or (only in nonconoratesi uations) [clitic cf.
-
person
100. 1. taNi- 2-3. aaru-1. 2-3. 01
101. 1. aaru [ obl. aattu]
103. FU.
n3a-.11[ ohl.
2. paTi
1.
3'
be appeased 2. become coolheal
1. river; way, road general)
2. means, manner ; 'as going on'(post. + pas t pt. )
aaru six
0-/aanaa buteaanaalum ho ever_
0,z91-1
104. 21E16#6[Qr68 d inke
!
105. Pi-g.1[Qt-L6) eTa tu
106.- &-.1a eTam
0-1- tb
107. -giTTa/e
108.
109.
110.
ag-
Lq
iTi
iTuppu
naTu,
rP61
mat
W 65 ,$)
8
2 3
here
the left side left )
place, room lef t_ side
a case endinVpostposition(+ ob1with1. to, direction toward with
anima t-i-T----jo7Ti-t7Z77-7--2. location with animates.
contrast -3. tranwitory dative, contras t4. proximit near
hit forcefully, smash, pound ;thunder
(n.) thunder blow, stroke
hip, lo n
mid-portion (as opposed to theends), middle; waist, mid- trunk;interval
&
117.
118.
119. tijoLin-
120
121.
122. U.-10":0
ff-31j
7)[ E5@
123.
gg1==11J2-
124. 17E,T3.1-0
125;
iDLi
itu
itoo
r'r
ittane
e6)
idli, a steamed rice cake
.this (thing)
(look) here:
this many; all these; this much
inta this, these (adj.)
intyaa
111 tjj
India
intya Indian (adj.
intp HinduFp
ippaTi thus, in this way
14
ippa now
&Lai
eyakkam movement campaign
o-r cd E5 ID
entrm, miSin machine, engine
M-
eyarke
Gi-Wipomor entries be innin with a rothetic- see also
----in-the-g-1ossary.
nature; literary Tamil (proseand poetry, not dram); -ology:the formative for all sciences
s o stuan
nature, disposition
erakkam
GT7E6E51.0
reNTu.
67) pours
2 4
mercy, pity, sympathy
two
126. 24
127. 7.
128.
129.
130.
131. g)g
132. )60466.1 _
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
tilar) 4E5
-611-
raattri_L-A
Fr
Iru (irukka, iruntu
Z.)@' agif&Eit-WIP5-1
etayam
0-5/LILO
irupatu, iruvatu
ugi , agk6-1][obl. iru'atti, etc.
41z@u etc.]
irumal
g4730
irump.0
LOH
elakkyam
Cre0Eh a;LAIth
lankaa, siloon
61irEi- ir 6-4ele
nov1. ille
0..)610--u2-3. ille, -(1)1e
Mo-b6-)0-0, (6:0
ivaru
a6-)J
ivanke(L)
rai e60-7A-
iva(L).
621_6-77_.
139. ivan0
arrr
10
2 5
night
be; stay, wait, remain
heart _he organ)
twenty, 20
cough
iron
literature
Sri Lanka, Ceylon
ridyr
leaf; banana leaf plate
1. no (int. )
2. not (neg. v.)3. isn't it? (with rising
intonation); you know: (withfalling intonation) tag,
marker
this person (hon.
they, these people; she hon.
she (this)
his
140.
141.
144. g) 7.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149. g--)
150.
151
152.
153.
riA
L.6
LI CD
itunka(L)
ivaLavu
&airrro-14
iRu:
eLame
GT PT Ln
eLam
GT6,7 LC)
0611
they, these things
this much; gliAllny
drag; inhale; stretch
youth, tender ness, iimnaturity
pale, light (of cob°
era (erakka, erantu ) die
GT/p Or/PM e5,cettuppoo7clgiDaorreranku-
kar_
enamTr (OT W
inime
a 0+70 L-0
can.tooSam
EF1,5Tr-c43113
iNNekkigarcidoor
innum
OTT
innorueiT
11
,2 6
descend, get down; get out of(a vehicle); participate (in acompetition), bc a candidate(inan election)
flesh, meat
sort, class, kind
be sweet
from now on, henceforth,hereafter
happiness, joy, delight
today
still, yet; furthermore; more
another (of the same type)adj.
154. Fr:
155.
156.
157.
158. aLacrar
2LA-13-r-
159. LEbrr 9' 2.
160. 7- 2.
161.
162.
163.
164. auduirrE) 6.
165.a
166.
-(u)nka(L)
-(2-)ikliEbirrr
ucci
oTampy
63LLZLI
oTane
Laor
ukkaaru-.
Rffia
oNaru- purl
Sourd ,t4
nejam
2La
otaTu
otavi
9opayooki:LidwiT
uppu
a 6 Li
-um
12
2 7
address foness_
show_po1ite-
top, uppermost point, crown(of head); zenith, noon
body
1. at once, iannediately2. as soon as, right after
(post. past pt.)
variant of case sign
sit (verb of motion, notsituation)
P.) feel realize, recognize
truth, fact
lip
help, assis ance
use
salt
clitic indicatin1. inclusion in a c osed se
also, too'2. (to conditional ) nonreal
concessive: 'even (if )'
167. -2(.4) ao)
168. a w
169. u51
170. a rf)
171. a m6---,J LU
172. &JW
173. 2. JrrL i)
174. aCrr,
175.
176. -EP u
177. arr N
3. (to coverbial) concessive offact: 'althougET
4 (to interrogative) universals'...ever'
[5. (to past pt. n. ) immedia-tive: 'as soon as']
and (conjoining nominals)[clitic]
ocanta high
uyiru life; a vowel
urime (inherent) right, claim,
a /f)671-0 privilege; peculiarity
ruupam shape, image; reflection(in mirror); idol
ulakam world, earth
aro ah Co
ulookam metal
P_Iacorrmw
uLLe 1. interior, inside (n.)
arr 2. inside (of), within(space) [post. 4- dat.3
3. by, within _ime) [post.dat.]
4. among [post. ± obl. or dat.pl.]
1. valu 2. kaTTaayaw 1. firmness, hardness, strength1. Ci1J 2. iL*-Lired-nn 2. assurance, definiteness,
certainty
urpatti (industrial or agricultural)
LI production; development,evolution
uuci
&Ea
13
954
needle; innoculation (shot)
178. an
179. az
180. Gr15t
181. 6E5[crir:3-1@]
182. Gri_A
183. Crnild
184. arEPLarrerr
185. GTC 6.
186. CT
187. cT1W
uutu-
ayenkum
crruenke
ciT5'10%
burrai, J enkeyaavatu
cr r&i&enkeyoo
CrMIC)%aWIT
188. Cratror.ggj 3.
189. Crffur 2.171M-
190. 6T dirr LI[ob1.GT1'rLJ
191. cr rt- 6-1.1 ,gd
192. GT
ecamaan
Cra- LD rr (OT
a Tu:rrc
eTTu-GT L.Le
eTTU
Crile
1. eNlin- 2. nene-
cratir
eNNe
Groin- nreraT
empatu [obl. empat
crth ob 1. 6TzlJ
e taavatu
Tr cugetire
Gr
2 9
14
native place, hometown(village, town, community,place); any place not thisplace
pour, flow down
everywhere, anywhere; (4- neg.)nowhere
where
anywhere
somewhere
master, boss, lord
take, remove, pick up; take(a class
reach, reach for (with hand,etc.)
eight
1. count, number 2. think,
ponder
oil
eighty, 80
something
1. before, in front of; opposite(post. + dat.)
2. that which is opposite, infront; futurity
193. 6rJLJfl16.
194. Gr5
195. cl-,45J6-11L.D [ci
196.261tir
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
eturpaaru- expect, wait for
Ci&19-LifT
etu which one
crgo
ix)] etuvum anything
ettane how many
61-FP °(T6rt 11LJr in ettaneyoo so many
0-t161cr01-4. rr
rr
202. Gr(idUfTLVT
203. OiLlatiff4,CTD1LJIT
204. di-irrsib,cra
205. CTC-Igi-HrCer
206. aTrfl 2.
207. CTA
208. GT81-1
209.
enta
G-T-r5
eppaTi how, in what manner
67111-14
eppaTiyaavatu somehow other any means
which (adj.)
ur u UJ rralgiJ
eppaTiyoo somehow
criJu L&wrreppavaavatu
0-Ducurra-eppa
GNJLJ
ppavum
eppavon
Crud gain-1. eri-
2. ericcalpaTu
affIEFEFciii.J
eli
r 66)
elumiccam-0
cra111/54"Er-W
sometimes, at any time
when
always; (+ neg.) never
some imes, occasionally, oncein a while
1. glow, burn
2. scorn, b- angry
rat, mouse
lime (fruit lem used mostlyin cpds.]
elumpu bon
15
210. GI rr
211. crcirrtf
212. CT rrg w
216-11
214. cr ni
215.
216. CT@
217. Gr
2.
218. GT
219.
220. Cri9.1
221.
222. Cl-
223.
224. cr
5.
rr
ellaa
0-0C-)6-Urr
ellaam
GTOJ 6111T Là
ellaarum
GTc)7U rr
evaLavu
6-r CT
evaLavoo
GTal rr6lIrral
eRuntiru (7.)
eKutu-
crgspeRupatu, eRuvatu
u,g1 ,Grg ojcp[obl. eRupatti, etc.
LlEP etc.]
colapam, callicu an
Er-r1- CU OW
all, all kinds of, all sortsof (adj.)
1. all things, every hing (n.)2. the whole, entire (post.)
all (people), everybody
how much, however much; howmany
so much, a lot
get p awake, emerge
write; take an examina ion
seventy, 70
eni-
OT
erumpy
GT,gp Lci
a tunaale
,,,9/1061cr%)
ir. def. j
afar-NNaa, -nnaa
-Ta, OT
- NNaalum -nnaalum
067r arre9g41
16
ea y matter
throwhurl,
thro a imethingtoss
ant
therefore
say, tell, quotative
1. if, if said so2. conditional of GT dr-
(quotative)
even then, nevertheless(attached to precedingsentences)
225. GTcrr
GT (COT
226. Crermrar
227.
-NNu, -nnu
a. -NNa, -nna-mwrmr,
b. -nkra
-nkratuv
-rEJE5i9g0
enna
Fr oil- en-
1. ovb. ofaaff (quotative)2. quotativsL_auotation marker,
onomatopoetic marker: 'so
saying , that normallyuntranslated)
a. said above (pt.)
b. called (pt.)
[equivalent of Trrirr inhigh literary Tamil]
that which is said (pt.
what
1-2. -ee 3. -e clitic indicating:1-2. -9- 3. -6T 1. emplasis and7acclusion:
228. ri etuvoo
G-rgi Cell IT
229. eeRu
230. gm-) eeRe
670231. Cry eeRame
6-1 LID
232. 5,3-gil 3. eeru-
1- one as o osiff-53
man2. (-finally, with rising
intonation) question markerasking clarilication oossible
)
endin for locative expressionsman atory in CT, options in
MLT, not used in HLT)
something, some unna- d; some-what
seven
poor person ealth)
poverty
ascend, climb up; enter vehicle,
67,0i etc. increase
17
3 2
2
234.
235. CTD LJ TT
236. Cppel
237. GT 6-81-
238.
239. `Wii3 d 15-.
240. LLJTT
eerkanavee, munnaaleeyee already, in good time,67/;?Zarraoal 41-0661)aW before
6. uNTaaku-
acrk-Ti_rre
5.1]
1. tayaar41511_11'r/7
2. eerpaaTu
9-49urreettu-
GTT,J)-1
eenaTrerr
ancu
ffr
amRatu4VLIOLigi
VLOLJ)]
ay3Ta
011.4i w rr
241. rT, uJa ayyoo
ith &UM-
242.
243.
244. rr
oru
cattamEp tf
ovvoru
a Fr
18
33
begin to exist, be established;develop, evolve
arrangement, preparation
arrangement done accordingto established custom
raise lift up (from belowpump water overhead)
why, for what (reason)
five
fifty, 50
1. interjection/address formE-64Z17-Tiale e ua(polite): sir
2. ,...ster, boss (n.)
_threriection expressing sorrow,Liatrsm_2
one; a, an n_m. adj.)
sound, noise
each, one by one (some, every)
245.
246.
247.
248-
249.
250.
251.
252. rr
253.
IDT u
254.
255.63 ti-1 2.
oRiya
oRunka.6-b rEJ mr-r
veLiccait0
OG)J EF
ompatu
°L"gjoNNu
oNNum
Cbc6re9JLO
oruttan
6303Wrorutti
63ff. §
1. unless emphatic) [post.-I- conditional
[2. inf. of 'cease']
orderly, efficiently, neatly,regularly
light
nine
one, one thing
= neg.) nothing
one man
one woman
-oo interrogative clitic indi-sur rise_an
eonfirma
ookoo
Q,Crr
ooTu-
EGooTTal u)G7iL
ooy, (ooya, ooncu
(cij
19
34
catinon
or (only in concrete situations)[clitic, cf. - -- CV
inter ection ex essin su
or joy
run
hotel, restaurant
desist, cease, become tired
256.
257.
258. L- 7
259. E5 670
260. ES L- 2:ro
261. ffiL6i)
262. El L cliCT
263. E6 6.
264. E5 L9
265. ffi0-011-8
266. EE,
267. 5
268. E6
269. Ef
270. E -I_ Garr
kakkuusuE5 T-n.
kaSTam05 L
latrine
difficul ty, trouble
kaTa (kaTakka, kaTantuES L (aLdE6, t_rpgi)
ka Tame
L 6) a)
kaTa le1-00-1J
kaTa luff)L
kaTanL
kaTi:
kaTi tarn.t leTTaru
kaTu e(5`
kaTe
E6 6-3
kaTeyoi661/_. CLI
kacci
kaTTaTaui .aLLkaTTaNam
E L--6-+Yrr
20
pass, cross, go beyond
duty, obligation
peanut, "ground nut"
sea, ocean
loan
bite; chew
letter, missive
harshness, sternness) severity
shop, store
end ; las t, final
party (political faction
(a) building; construction
fare, fee charges
271. L LiTuJ La kaTTaayam compulsion, certainty,0
a LLTrwo necessity
,ILLFT-UJI_OFFEE kaTTaayamaa definitely, certainly
1-- ITU-Up T
272. q kaTTi
1,:t4lump, clump, mass
273. 'LL9iJ kaTTilu bedstead, cot
E 4 gi274. LL 3. kaTTu- bind, tie, fasten; build
275. es kaNakku (numerical ) computation;
agamr (financial) accounts
276. aScrimT viiTTukkaararu husband;
oTLIG /t u-7('277. cToT kaNNu
ES ail
eye; any small aperture (as ofa net or mesh)
278. kaNNaaTi glass (the e ial ); mirror-
OBTED eyeglasses
279. E5 katavu
C11
280. kate
566iEp
281. ES katci
ES T
282. katcir
E EF
kappalu
ES 1:=1L161-1
.
283. LIU
284. 1M-
door, shutter
story
knife
scissors
ship
tg70 LS)wire, etallic thread; metalrod
vayru (electric onlY
cuw285. kay(i)ru rope, cord, line, string
II 05)4P
286= karaNT1 spoon, ladle
S or
21
6
287.
288.
289.
3
990.
291 . )
nene- think, consider, have opinion
6)T oaTr
1. apipraayam 1. opinionLJTrTtJL
neneppu. 2. ideaT 6D oar Li Ll 3. thought
karume darkness
ES LIP
karum dark, dark f colors
ej
booral blackboard
62..17 9-G
kare bank, shore; border, boundary
a4-.)
292. eBoll 7. kala (kalakka, kaintu) mix, mingle
L501) (M6V6i55 tr4VrP 51)
293. 415cu kalar color
294. al3%brU kale art
5 a)295.
296.
297.
298.
299. E567)-1 art)
300. E5 J9rLL
301. EE
302.
kallu stone, rock, gemstone
aju6,2_1
kalyaaNamIT30:40 0 on
120marriage
kaaleej(u ) college
El IT 66-0
paTippu
Lct
kavalecu 0 cru
learning, study, education
care, concern, worry
gavanam attention, care, heed,18/661.14Tral) consideration
gavani: noticetake care, take intoiJI account; observe, watch, payattention
poetry, poemkavite
22
R7
303. 1:11 kaRakam
05 OD
association, corporation,corporate body, party,(fan) club
304. 1E kaRat tu - take off, re ove
3 IS
305. 6. ka1U-
es
reject; subtract, deduct;[spend (time)]
306. kaRute donkey
S@C:)
307. kaRuttu neck
64)
308. EEG 61-1 kaRuvu- wash (except laundry); rinse
E6
309. kari
EBOany dish served with rice,curry;- any meat dish, meat
310. karappu black, blackness
311. E5
312.
313. croTo.j
314.%1TES60)E6
315. E5 rr
316. ES IT L
317. Ei5rrC-C
318. MiTcriurir. v.(ESE-rotor, )
50.1 H
karpane
E51-2 LaMoin-
kanavu
nrr
kannu, kaNTu
e6 E6 di-Tre
kaakkaa (y)
ERrebEtrrui
kaaTu
Efrra
kaacci
ebri tE
kaaTTu-
rr LIG-)
1. paaru:Orr
2. kaNTupiTi:accitrrO
23
00
imagination, inventiveness
dream
calf; sapling
crow
land not re ularl-_ inhabitedkxjmIlL7L: forest, jungle,desert
sight, vision; appearance;scene
show, point out
1. see (unexpe_tedly); [see]
2. find out
ir can'
319. r-T
320. ffi
32i. Sri-burr
322. Li] L5)
323. E5 rrL. I 2.
324. ffi rTcj
325. t:1-1
326. rr U-61)
327. EE rr L-4)
328.
329. -5 rr ezu
330. 5 rr
331. rrcuW
332. a) rr
puriyum (imp. v.) 3. realize'
u-4za4. teriyum (ipp.
6) U4 Lai
kaaturrjkaappaa
E6Trii0
kaa(p)pi
ffi n
kaayi-
ffitT1.151
kaayi
rc
kaaykar1
rniijoram
4. seem, appear
love
ear; eye of a needle;ear (of a jug, etc.), handle
save; protect
coffee
&row dry, dry out, wither,be hungry (of stomach); behot, heated (of liquids)
unripe fruit (botanical);vegetables
vegetable (used for cooking)
fever
kaaraNam cause reason
5 art L13
kaaryatarici secretary
Ilrri5=0-1EF 17)
kaarixp.m
iuJLIi(ITkaaru
rr
kaalamrrou
kaaleE5 ITO rt)
3 9
24
thing, matter, affair; effect
car, automobile; bs
time, season, a period of timenor -11 1oner than_a da
morning, A.M.
333. [Tn.)
334. a11.0-1J421)
335. Et rr c9j
336. a I_ 7.
337.
imp. V. + dat.
glanLJZ E6 rr
338. 00-01Lojagilimp. V. + dat.
(g51:0
339.
340.
341. 717-L0
342.
343. 6U(C
344. g n_z
345.
Ep L.
kaa (1)
rr 6uleg, foot; quarter (fraction1/4
1. kaavalu 2. pooliisu 1. protection, watch1. EbrrangLi 2. dUrra-6° cn.r 2. the guard, police
kaatturr
breeze, wind; air, atmosphere
keTa keTakka, keTantu) lie, rema n, exist (disord6)65L (C)thLER1),Lip ) in a mess)
ke Tekkum0-) t3SOL
keTekkaatu0E50 L
keTeyaatu6) EE) 01- UJIT g},1
will get, obtain
will not get
does not have, is not available;does not happen (neg. only)
irukku (positive of the above)ONtkiTTattaTTa
keNaru0 K73 arre91
-aamamrrrLOL
keRakku0-)Miga)
keRakke.0a, VI'keRanku tuber, potato, edible rootnth /JigkeRame day of the week
approximately; nearly, about
well (for water, etc.
village
east
eas t, eas tern
to/in the east
keRavan old man0
25
Y,
346.
347.
348.
349.
-rr
350. LW
351 4 6.
352. dethuzo
353.
354.
355.
356.
357.
358.605 Zai
359.
6.
keLampu-, porappaTu-
oztemiz Li, 0 un-? "
kiloo
S6-0 fr
kiiRe
Lg
kucci
@ff-Ctiikkucci_
E5C:Er-g)
koTamc) es nr L. Lin
kuTi:
kuTumpam
6% Lb LWkoTe
G) 66 0 L-
kuTTi
gEL9,goNam
QTarLDkuti:
kumpiTu
OLiX
koranku
offirrITTEI
26
41
start, begin (of a machine, etc.rise, emerge
kilogram
1. a place below, downbottom; the east c_.51
2. below, under (touching*)[post. obl.]
3. below, under (not touchin_[post. dat.]
* contrast not ke in aildialects
peg, short stake, splinter,twig, stick (small, short)
a match
pot, any rounded vessel
drink
family
umbrella
young ogirl
os= animals; small
quality, ch- acter; health-fulness
hop, leap, jump, gallop, skip
horse
worship, reverence
monkey, ape
360. ggoi.)
361. Lg 11,3
362. I Lib
36
364. (.5
365. (:@
366.
367.
368.
369.
370. EFri- L
371. 3.
372. Iffr-L- ern
373.
6.
koralu
0Ezi-rry-&-2-1
koRante
GiE5rri
koLam
Oebriarlij
kuLi:
C61-19
kuLiru-
@kuri-
voice
baby, child, infant
tank, pond, pool
bathe (wadh oneself includinghead)
be cool, be cold
mark, indicate, denote, point to
sign, mark
kurippiTu -piTa, -piTTu) specify, point to;
aa(9 aL6?) mention, refer to; remark
kore-/: 2. be lacking, short, cut off
6)61inep 6. reduce, shorten, cut off
kore flaw, lack
6-)C6Fr67)CP
kuttam
11-4°
sin of commission: fault;guilt, crime
1-3. kuuTa 1. even; also, too (clitic)L 2. 'along with' (post. + obl.)
1-2. kuuTe 3. inf. of 'join'
Ern-OL
kuuTam.
L Li3
hail, large room or building
1. ceeru- 2. kuuTU- 1. join, unite (intr.)1. gE 2. ff-ri-GI 2. gather, assemble; be possible
kuuTeL-
kuuTTam
LLL
374. .6-1-1:@ 3. kuuTTu-
611- LS
27
4.2
basket
crowd, group; meeting; tribe
add- bring together; sweep
375.
376.
377.
378.
379.
380.
381. 6' E5(r15)
4. kuuppiTu (-piTa,
ffn.,1211-90
kuure
kuuli
EFfi_0151
tollu
6)IVT61)62j
keTTa
eb L
keeTu
geeli
E 051
-piTTu) call, shout-Lnce)
roo- ceiling
(day work) wages;- coolie
say, tell (officially);proclaim
bad; spoiled
misfortune, ruin, harm
joke
382. e
383. Gm eb
384. rr
385. c)/E6 OF 69 LE
386. 6-) rr
387. Ois
388. G-) me 6.
389. C) ET. ir
390. Fr 1ST
keeLu (keekka, keeT
Abe (dESEUfS,CELCO
kayyi_
dici9
kocu
rr iFfir
koncam
@evrokoTi
oarr4
hear, lis e obey; ask,
inquire
hand, arm, handful; trunk(of elephant); sleeve
mosquito
a li--le, some
flag, banner! creeper, vine
pollaata harmful, cruel
cw oi) au rr
-kuTu-
ZGkoNTu
61E611 oirrG
give, give away
with, by means of (post. -I-
ace.)vcv-h. of0816,70ir with numeroususages (see<Detrriir)
koNTupoo (-pooka, -pooyi) take away, take along
tE6rrairrOcarr(-eurrffi, -4104)
391. ITUTWQJfl ir. koNTaa (-Taara, -Taantu) bring
6-gfirroirai- L77 , -Lrrgd)28
4 3
392. kompu horn; branch (of plant)
67)ef)iri&I
393. G kollu (kolla, konnu) kill
ovr6b621 (Ovreocv,offirree*
(k)koo (a )6E5IT [ 1
7:.(k)kiTru)
( (=s ) 2.
[ with major dialectvariations]
rrau 1.
394. rroiT 1.
395. IT 41[obl.
396. Ce5 Tcrer)L
397. gE6ITLJ 11
398.
399. et511-14)
400. tEF BTJL
401. X
402.
403. Frxi. 1E5 L:ti
404. ,Erkl
[obl.e4ET 1446]
kooTi [obl. kooTiyeel51.11-
kooTe (kaa lam
&EbrrOL (ffirrou
koopam
kooylu
4951-1- LAI
kooRi
rr
cakkram
cakti
cankaTam
EFrk1E5 1.4
cankam
L
Et] cankii tam
EFTFL ttS
29
4 4
3.
4.
5.
have for one's own use),possessI;
frozen formative in cpd.verbsmarker of the reflexive/middle in verbsmarker of the simultaneousaspect(+ marker of theprogressive
ore," ten m Ilion,1,00,00,000
summer, hot season
anger
temple
chicken, fowl
power, energy; ability; force,forces (in pl.
embarrass ent
association, academy, union,society
405. EP LLLU
406. sT1-010L_
407. 6
408.
409.
410.
411. tF
412.
413. W 1_0
414.-
415.
416 . 6.
417. EF al
418.
LO L4-11.6
419.
420.
caTTam
caTTe
caNTeF our
_canti-
cantig
frame (work) ; rule ; law, act
shirt, blouse
quarrel
meet
crossing, junction, meetingpoint
nelaa moon6) a) 11-
canteekam148
cante
r6)cam=U-1-0 LO
camayamILHLi La
camuukam05 caL Dcame=
Lia
campaLam
EF CO Li Crir
cari
cakkare,g4 eb6-)
carkkaaruLTTE545 n-g
.
30
4 5
doubt; suspicion
market
level evenness; equality
opportunity, appropriate)time, occasion; religion
cousnunity, society (in general)
cook, prepare meal)
salary, pay, wages
1. correct (ness) [ n.2. O. K. , alright, fine, yes
[ int. ]
sugar
(the) Cve rnment
421.
422. EFT ir.(Frrm ,616 EfW
423. cg rrutJircony 6-14
424. eFrr ag 4.[ dor 5. ]
425. nLt3rrdr
426. 6 ffWzJTT 9-
427. &rruirEl rr
428. rr aro
429. ET- rroSi
430. g-) ES Lb
431. 4A 99 6.
432.
433.
434. Li Li
435.
436.
canikkeRameEF6D6151 OW
caa (caaka, cetcu)
6Frr
caappaaTu
trrLtLi Fre
Saturday
die (nonpolite)
food; meal, dinner
caappiTu (-piTa, -pi7u,Tri-Eun (-6)Lcaamaan
Co)w rr an-
caampaarF IT Ca Lj rr ci
caayankaalam&ITU.) rEl ES rrav w
rooTu, caalecrrr) EFIT 6 )o-u
caavir-r
cinkam
ciri:
-konca (n. )6-) EEITO 6F-11cela, konca ad]. )OFT03671iiT Er-
cillare
00-1)0p
cevappu
c)(1.11=11-1
cerappaayiru
EPip U GS)
cinna
r an-
31
4 6
eat have a meal
baggage, one s things
sambar, a lentil sauce
evening, 4 o'clock untfi dark
road, highway
key
lion
laugh, smile
some, a fe-and n. )
change,trade);(jobs)
not many (adj.
coins ; retail (ofvarious, sundry, oddad j
red, redness
excel, be dis tinguished
small, little size
437,
438. 4?
439. 6
440. g441. EfirG
1.6 n-
442. ETT
*
443. Fr LO FT
444. ff-r- LO rr
445.
446. 8r1'ULJLJ
447. kr-r-
448. Err 00)G1J
449.
450.
451. g 9
452.
cinna
arrgur
cii
ciikkramsa
0.66,9-Lorreiirtiruttam
lg. IN@
cuTil (cuTa, cuTTu)
EFrG (ITT ,EFri:(9
ruppravu
13
cumaar
FTLarr7cummaa
EFT- th LI) IT
curunku-
colapam6
OeFrrauLILO
covaru
EF-rr
cove, ruci
'01TIT(0.1)13
cuttiETT
cuuriyan
Gdar
cantarppam
hjLJLc&rp
ceTi
32
4 7
_
little, small
interjection expressingcontempt
quickly, soon
improvement, reform
be hot, feel hot, be burnt;heat, fry, bake, roast; burn(as of food); fire (a gun)
cleanness, purity
approximately, about
lazily, idly, leisurely;just for fun, without any reason,just because
shrink, wrinkle; frown
easiness, facility
wall
taste, flavor
1. around (post. ace;)2. evb. of Utt go round'
sun
circumstance, environment,situation
plant (botanical)
453.
454. CD 1.,J 1.
cempu copper; a particular water pot
G)/221
paNNu- [North] make
o11;31- ,S7t1ceyyi (ceyya, cencu)
[ South]
cti VER2111.1,6) EFS Ur)
455. 6-) ET 1$) viSayam news, message, matter; deed
Lt_i
456. ceruppu ochappals,11 sandals
457. celavu out-go, expenditure
n56-0611
458. poo 2. naTa 1. [arrive at (a destination)] ;
e rr 2. L be current (of money)2. have an effect
459. oat tu wealth, riches; prosperity.
460. gin-LA cevvaakkeRame Tuesday
&ill 6-11 rr e.c). La
461. C) poona last, previous
1J rr ear
462. C) 26-07 cenne, meDraasu Madras
463. 6EFD-* 2. /6.
464. urrrLi
465. cm
offc6-06-0-r,owc: rr
ceeru-/:e4-0
ceentue f"
ceetuCEF
caykkiL caykiL
EFLi-1 ES 07,
2. approach, draw near ; be near ;
reach (a destination)-6: collect, combine, join, un
1. together (+ intr. v. ) [post.
+ nom. ]
2. cvb. of CE/./T 2. 'approach,
draw near '
together (+ tr. ) [post. +acc. j
bicycle
466. U°
467. tTn- Tiga
468. OEFITT
469. 6)6- froi.) 3. ir.
470. rr
--
cayvam vegetarianism, Saiv
11) a vegetarian, aivitc
cottu
tz rr
conta
0a-rf
collu (colla, colli; say, tell, inform, requestpas conneen)
Firthigi (6)Vir6-160)0EfIT6:06151;pas t --6-NyrimiTgarT6F-)
prope ty, goods, possession,asset
own, belonging to, personal
coorurri(,)
471. 0 -07r5 cavkkyam
(6A u_a
472.
473.
474. CftrT 7
475. 11-0-9/pc9
476. LLocrr7
jannalu
caati
g. Fr
cooked rice
(good) heal.th, well-being
window
cas te, jati
saar sir; gentleman and int. )
51.0 Tr 7
fiaayi t tukkeRame Sunday
3franli661W
LlooTTaa
&ourrLLrrcup, tumbler
477. Le Tii tea
34
4 9
478.
479.
takaram
71-1)
4 ir. and 2. eettataayiru
0-1 fr
480. LeuF rat- (3) th rr
481.
482. w:ucip
483. 1
484.
485.
486.
487.
488.
489. or
490.
491. _
6.
eetta
tankam- ponnu
iThE5 /c)dfrarr
tanku-
q.5
tankacci,
063i.g)
taTave
151-00-1
taTi
taTu:
taTTu-
IP:@taTTu
tanke
F6.1671E6
taNTane
T our 4 00Mr
taNTIJ
84-41+7r.
taNNi
tan ti
q5
35
5 0
tin
be fit, proper, suitable,appropriate
proper, suitable, appropriate
gold
stay, remain
younger sister; form_ pf Addressor endearment to a younger gir
turn, occasion; (number of)times
stick, staff
hinder, be an obs tacle
tap, knock, clap, pat
plate, tray, any shallow openvessel; knock, pat
punishment
stalk (of plant)
water ; cold water
telegram, cable ; string Cc
mus ical ins trument
492. Li FT- ou
493.
494.
495.
496.
497.
498.
499.
500.
501.
=Li
tapaalu mail, post
u rr
tappu sin of omission: mistake error,
LJLJ misdeed, oversight
tamiR, ta iLu Tamil
tampi younger brother; boy,.address
ffLLS1 form to male servants
tayaar(u) ready, readiness
tayru yoghurt, "curd"
taram kind, sort, quality, standard;suitability (for one's position,rank, etc.), likeness, counter-part, match; (number oD times
tare floor
tale head; priority; top
46161--)
1. ravaru- 1. slip, stumble
6711 0,1
2. tappu paNNu- 2. err, fail, blunder
p1-1 UCT0157-
502. tavira
503. jTrWT 3 taLLu-
111156-fir&
504. and adv.) tani
014)
505.
506. vr ir.
507. 51n.-,65/1
goNam
6) 65 rrrLU
except, besides, apart from[post. acc.]
push, shove; press; reject,remove, move aside
solitary, alone, sole; unique
quality, condition, nature
taa tara, tantu give, grant bestow
tirr (lei5 9- ,
taakam thirst
sEF nr EDLD
36
508.[obi i*.J dir]
509. rr f6.1@ 3.
510.
511.
512.
[obi.
513. - niT [also -
etc.]
514.
515.
516.
517.
518.
519.
520.
rr
3.
avankataan416-IJ Tar
taanku
ru6'Btaattaa
'EFT- Trravankataan
ir Or
avantaan
11-16-1-10-irrirro-err
=taanmar
they the -elves;[you e-tremelyhon.)]
bear, endure; sustain, support
grandfather, any old man
they themselves; he himself(hon.)
himself, herself, itself(resumptive pronoun)
clitic indicating:1.emphasis and isolation:
this one by itself, 'on
just, exactly (cf.
2. [to conditional] only (
tinkakkeRame Monday
tE&-)Mg
tiTiirNNu suddenly
Le oirrr
tiTukkiTu (-kiTa, be surprised,iTyu ) frightenedEt (4)1
I. tiTTam
$11.:Lth
2. tulliyam
draace-v
Epyird-r),T'
iru
tirunaa(Lu
rr 077
tiruTu-
G
37
Y,
f
led, alarmed,
1. plan, scheme arrangement,estimate
2. accuracy
grape
1. divine, sacred, holy (adj.)2. mister, Mr., Sri
festival day
steal
521. DLA 3.
522. @LL3LI3.
523.
524.
525.
526.
527.
528.
529.
530.
051, ty.
531. Eb LJ
532.
533.
534.
535 . gj orrO
536. tEd 7
537. gon671-1 6.
tiruppu-
H
umpu-
cinimaag) O-f)LQfl
Delli
oi)66) ,C)LA)
turn, cause to turn' repeat(4- verb)
turn; return, go back
movie
Delhi
ntr.
tera (terakka, terantu) open (verb of motion, not
OT/p wwz, G)r7fpg1.0 situation)
denam day (seen as a recurring unit),0ar daily *
nu) (tinna tinnu) eat (not a meal), snack;
) ( Fran') airr.01 eat (of animals)
tiirmaanam
IL) rr 45r L8
ciiviram
teg
tiivu
61-1
tukkamE.6
toTe-
rroLtuNi
toNe
-17
tuNTu
cgd6-617
dore
CIITC)9-
Love-
c5 FrOoli
38
S
decision; resolution, motion- (as in Parliament)
intensity; aggravation;radicalism; (political)activity
island
agony
mop, wipe, dry (as of dishes),dust
cloth, piece of cloth; clothes,fabric goods in general
help, assistance; one who helps,deputy, Vice-, Assistant-
piece, fragment, bit, slice;towel, piece of cloth
person in authority
wash (clothes) [impimmersion in waterl
538.
539.
540.
541.
542. 5517 Lh
543. cjc1j1LariT
544: 0 q.51131L140 p 4-im. V.da t. [or 2. I
545.
546.
547.
n-
548. e _ rr
549. aEGI
550.
551. r)- 3.
tuLi
5-1641
tore
C)Eprrap
1. tuukku-
ga2. ttepaaru
GTnLLJrr
tuunku-
gDliD
tuuram
5-rr 7L7°
teyvam
Td-1 LO
teriyum
n LL-41-6
teru vu)
opteLivaa-frrtekku
EP
tekke
6)epeti0E5
teenkaa
cep rh_t rr
teeTu-
SEGtee ti
et5A11. paa te Tu-
OrrEpegtee (r ).nte:fu-
(9-)rwpG39
(a) drop ; a very little
depar tment, sec tor, sphere,branch; harbor
1. lif t up, raise (from above
2. weigh
sleep
d is tance
god, godhead, deity
know, know how to, see how to
_ree t
evidently, c Lear ly
south
south, sou thern
to/in the south
coconut frozen cpd. )
seek, search, look for ; longfor
da te, day of the month
I. se lect
choose, e 1 ec t
paas paNNu-L-1704-0 U oTtfr
552. cr1J aveciyamc9161-]
553.
554. Go [p 6.
555. IT Fr 67-)
556.rr I-
557. oeprrL7 2.
558. rG
559.
560.
ufr-r
'2 1.
561. Eprr
562.
L.
563. Fr
564. 6.9._,ErTLILL-1)
565. d Ep rr 6-0
teenu
g 0-1
3. pass an exam
need, want, necessity
honey
tey- sew, stitch, make dress,co 6_1 e tc. )
take67) (FTC) EFS
aarampi:ilL11-5-)
toTaru-E, rr
amount; collection, anthology
begin, start (a situation,process ) ; originate
continue, follow, take up,pursue
toTu (toTa, toTTu) touchrq (G,Jn)toNTe6-)Eprraio-r6)L
toNNuurunEprrvou[ obi. toNNuut tiOTIT60-01ggp-E, 1
tole-I:G)TITn0-0
throat
ninety, 90
2. perish, be ruined, die ;be los t
6. des troy, make perish, wreck,ruin, kill, finish (off) ;lase
1. veele 1. action; work, occupation,Cal 6) a) profession
2. toRilu 2. industryrriidooce dose, a thin pancake.Er6)
tooTTam garden, grovee rrL: L
toolu
e e94
40
skin, hide, leather bark, rind,peel, peanut shell; any outsidecovering
565a. ricrr
566. ri Lt3
567. 'EP DI Cf:'
568. e- rr (9
569. T51:0
570. rryth
571. fY 2. /6.
572. 610
tooLu shoulder
et rn
tooRame friendship, companionship
eeprr IP)
toorum every, each and every (clitic
tooNu- seem, appear ; appear (for firs t
nakam , nekam
iTaaaci,or5e6Lb
nakaram
r671-21nakaru-/:
erD
nake
time)
(finger ) nail, claw
city, town, municipality
2. move aside6. "shif t, move . )
piece of jewelry, jewelry
573. FCLLO naSTam loss
rp 1_ Lo
574. 1L 7. naTa (naTakka, naTantu) walk, behave, conductoneself ; (continue tofunc tion) flourish;happen, take place
575. TT L
576.
577. i L9. 6.
578.
579.
580. 156-6)
naTattu-
naTavaTikke
L.Aat E50,T,
cause to walk; cause to perform:direct, manage, conduct, hold,arrange, run
procedure, (administrative)measure, s tep ; activity, action;conduct, behavior
-naTi- dance, act
naTu middle, center
IT@naTe walk, pace
6-)L-
naTa (7. ) occur, take place
41
6
581.
582.
583.
584.
585.
586.
EF
reyoTLJefr
th L5) -*Dm 65
587. tiu
588.
589.
590.
591.
592. f" rr
593. TrilT-Jiob1.67 &itEticliT1
594.
595. G`
596.
naccattram
r-E9-113sneey tan
crueTtiJEp
nampikke
h_5) E6 E6
nampu-
1. cavkkyamFLJLQ
kffi
2. nallatu
CU' 61-1
nalla
rPnallaa
0;) CU IT
laapam, allatu
co Fru n ozi.)(0
nanni,
rornaakku
rr E6
naankca (1,)
rr rsi crTr[obi. enk
cr
nal laa
ro-urrnanri
a (L)
naaTakam
naaTu, deecam
FFGnaaTTu-
r42
5 7
star; film s tar
friend
confidence, trust; belief,faith, hope
believe, trus t, rely on
fox, jackal
1. welfare
2. benefit; merit
good, proper, a,s it should be
well (LT n. used as adv
benefit, goodness, advantage
well (adv.
gratitude, thanks
tongue
we exclusive they and
drama, play
land inhabited by people :country, s tate
establish, install, erect
597. f-1,5/1-LO
[
598. rrrJ
599. 15 Fr 2cirr
600.
601.
602. 95 rrl)
[ obi.
rr[obl.
0-61
naama(L) we inclusive you and I
95IT 6TT and they)
[obl. namma (L)rF,5Liwar ]
naayi_ dog
rr 1-451
naaLekki tomorrow
nnwr
naa(1,u) day (24 hour period); time
rrr E5naakkaali chair
Tyr id5-3 rranaappatu forty, 40
] rp rr a Li[obl. naap a tir5 rr [i u ]
naan [ obl. en]o 1
rp rrk [ ob i . Crorr 1J
604. 1-15nrTn-5 naalu
rr ]f- rr 61
605. 4- F campavam
EFCLLinlIA
606. Er- U-(4-11.1J niccayam 0
Cli LA
607.
608.
609.
610.
611.
612. if P2o-t)
paNam0
UO-1-LC
nimiSam
1.25)
nimiru-
LE)
nirvaakam
Tnimeboc
nelam
C-11-01-)
nele
G-)161
43
5 8
four
occurrence; function, performance,event
certainty, assurance; truth
finance, fund; treasure
moment, minute
stand straight, erect; look up
administration, management
soil, (agricultural) land,ground, real estate
situation, state, condition;position; permanence
613.
614.
615.
616.
617.
618.
619.
620. [obl.
621. rEi EtTfT
obl. ari %a-7 j
622.
623.
624.
625. FraiL
626. gj 6D 2.76.[
627. go
628.[obl.e7/1,20J
neleme
6.1 F614)-)
neleyam
situation, condition, state
institution; site, plaee
er-p0OVUji-0
nillu (nikka, ninnu) stand; stay; cease
Vb, a5TV)
niruttu-
1390)gj
stop; erect (statue, etc.make stand; support (an action)
nere- become full, overflow; abound
)
nereya, rompa, jaasti much, too much, a lot
oToptkOrTirod, wehj
nene-
niinka(L).rgl 1130T
[obl. unka(L)
Erhie50
niiLamaana
-6-rr wrr
niiti
Ff91. taNNi
Co
think, remember, consider
you sing.
you (pl. and hon.
long
justice
1. fluid, liquid
2. niir- 2. water cpds. hydro-
niilam blue, blueing4
OVLL
noRe-/:
nr-ri-C) 6. poke, be nosey, make enter
nuulu thread, yarn; [book, treatise!
OTSA1science]
2. enter, creep in
nuuru [obl. nuuttop- [obl.gjT2,
44
hundred, 100
629. G) neyyi ghee, clarified butter
630. nerunku-
nrapproach
631. G)r@DLI neruppu,
TS LIfire
632. C) cry) nellu paddy, unhusked rice, rice in
6) 154(bedthe field
633. 6) netti forehead, brow
G)
634. 6 neeram
g.1- 7/13
time, a period of time lessthan 24 hours
635. d neeru
1-7@
straightness, straight upright,
honest
636. S
637. erp/poi
638. er5rr ccrTrr T5-) )
639. rr
640. Li 50i,
641. Lig
642. L.]
643. Li La
644. Li
nyaayam
al rr.1Jw
neettikki
noo (noova, non
EP-FT (ey(21,OrprPT
paatu
Urn
IIpakalu
ErDey-1
1. baakam LIT E5IA2. e Tam 1_1)
pakkattuleth.55,8-I
pakkam
1.-A.EbLD
panyu
45
hones ty s traightness
yesterday
feel pain, ache
towards, to (p9st. ± ace.)cvb. of e 5, "look ae]
daytime, day (as opposed tonight)
1. part, portion2. region, area
in the vicinity of, near(post. 1- dat. ai), also
obl. )
side, vicinity; pageneat, by (post. obi. )
por iOn, share
645. LJl 6. imp. v. paci:dat. Li
646. U
647. 11 Efi-
648. Li E673-)
649.
650.
651. Li L
652. Li L
653. Li 6.
654. U
-D Tal, [post. -F
fut. pt.]
paci
pacu
U r
pace
a-67)
bassu, kaaru
L-1611) rr
pancu, panci
Li4c5 ffr LI
paTaku
L.
paTam
L LL3
paTi:
paTiLi
be ext emely hungry
hunger, appetite
cow
fresh, raw, cool (of watergreen, yellow-green; frank, blunt
bus
cotton
boat
picture; film, movie photo, _a
read; s udy
step, staircase; a measure ofvolume (about 1/2 gallon
-aaka [post. -I- dat. in order to so thatof pt. n.]
85
655. , etiJ -paTi-UL
656.
657.
658. LJO 6.
659. Li
atunaale
04g42)6iro
paTu (paTa, paTTu)(UL. ,aL
paTu:
paTu,keLiSt550%
46
6 1
as, in accordance with(post. past/pr. pt.)
on account of, as, by reason of,because (post. -I- past pt.
suffer; experience, feel, endure;ormative of verbs of feelingom nouns
lie down (for sleep), lie flat;rePOse (implies lying horizontalin an orderly manner) [the action,not the situation]
bed couch
660. 11 CO I-
661. IJLLL 'L:1
662. Ljile
663. LI ram Lo
paTTaaLam
L/LLMOTWarmy; pl.) forces, troops
paTTmn. (an) honor, title, agree;
ULILW nickname
paTTu
Li C.
paNam
LJOUT LO
664.8P
pataviu a665. LI
silk
money, wealth
position, post, rank station
batilu 1. answer, reply (n.)
LJ2. instead of (post. 1- da
666. 11 9 6-4 pa ivu
Lj)6lregistration (sealing), recording
667. i-J$)06-1 patanaalu fourteen, 14
eV1668. u patanaaru sixteen, 16
669. Li
670.
671. Li
6K9 691
pataneTTu eighteen, 18
uoarg pataneeRu seventeen, 17
Li e or
fpatanancu fifteen, 15
Li 'fi7J1-0 Fr
672. LI 4rirc5U patanoNNu eleven, 11
LjEpOeDdiror
673. °T+4U patimuuNu thirteen, __
Li $)To 01674. U Er) pattrikke newspaper, magazine periodical
f) (55o5
675. JJJ pattu ten, 10
LA
676. u pa4tompatu nineteen, 19
japErZo
47
677. Li
6 78 . LJUJaT
679. Li a 7.
681. U7L:C)Urng-
682. U CIJ rani ?a)
680.
683.
684.
685.
686. Li 0) 6r) El)
687. L.] curiT
688. LI
689.
690.
Li
Li
691. IJ
692.
693. Li
bayam
Li 01 LIO
laapam0
6-1)
payiru
LJ Li-51G
payircci
ULL51f p
parampare
LIcTL.6 LJOg
paravaale
LifT61.11TUM6i61)
paricu
Urf rparuppu
llgERIpala, palaana
Li CU 11 0)11-01-1-
palake
pelan/palan(6))1i6
pallu
L16-)c9
alhi]p yuuniversiTTi
Li666)6aig-6-7-51C-
palli
U 615)
paRam
LJ/thg
paRi
Li
paReya
Lin 91-L-J 6 3
48
fear
reward, result, profit;usefulness
crop, grain (while growing);any usefnl plant (annuals only)
training, exercise practice
tradition, genera ion
never mind; it doesn't matter;it's not bad
prize, reward
pulse,adal, any lentil/pea;coconut meat
many (adj. if preceding, n.otherwise)
board, plank
result, produce, effect; -ain
tooth, tooth (of wheel) garlicclove
university
esp . gecko
ripe fruit, fruit
blame, censure, fault; revenge
old mature
694. ijoir
695. U
696. LI /7 6151 11-1
697. LI pp
698. Li
LO pallikkuuTam schoolt crrraTedi ETT-L L LO
para (parakka, parayttu) fly; move swiftlyurp (j0E6201prpg4)parave
upoolpatti
pattina
Li
1. pani
Li of?2. manu
LIO EFT3. aysu
ta crnr°
699. Li panni
Li cro'r (PIE)
700. U- panneNTu tw lve, 12
1_16137-6)07Yrn-Iro
701. Un- L Lb paaTam lesson0
Li Fr t- LO
Li rir L_ Lb C)W paaTam paliNu memorize; can (vegetables, etc.
arrup LinmT
bird
1. about, concerning, regarding(post. ± acc
[2. cvb. of 1-117,91 'hold,adhere to']
which concerns
rain:
1. dew, snow, frost2. fog, mist3. ice
Pig) hog
702. LJ paaTTu poem, versd song
TT
703. UIT 3. paaTu- sing
704. UULL
705. Ijrr
706. u
paaTTi grandmother- any very old woman
rriL
paaTTu song, singing
urrCepaattram (metal) pot, vessel
ilri49
6 4
707. Uri Lb L(
708. LJIT
709. urr ul
710. LJUcT
urrgi711. on-co
712. L.IFFOii
713. LIFT6ii U3
714. U gal rr 6:0/-
715. u n- 20-ur
716. L5)LL 6.
717. LilLcL.65130imp. V. dat.
718. ap airr
719. ciirr car
720. 31)9 2./6.
721. LS) rp 7.
paampu
0701111-1
paay(i)-
11fTtal
paayi
rrpaaru-
un-
.70T paattukkoo
LirricgjEig
paalu
rr92-1
enam
67-01-1.-0
paavam
n- wpaavaaTe
rrcJ ri-
paaneFT-616-07-
piTi:
Lfl
piTikkum
319 d3V0pittalie
prayaaNam
Ijcri-LirrrnT
piri-/:
3 09
snake
leap, spring, jump
mat
see, watch; try
take care of, watch over
milk
sex, gender
1. sin, misfortune2. alas, it's a pity (int.)
skirt, petticoat
(clay) pot (with wide mouth andround bottom)
catch take hold of seize, grab;t_ake (a_picture)
like (v.)
brass
travel, journey
2. depart; be separated;6. separate, divide, rip
(seam), open (a lette
1. pera G)L.I 1. be born(perakkal perantuodr26)00(p0)
2. pooTu 2, be issued
ed50
unravelout
722.
723. th'1or,L5)rq,13 fir
3
apprmm, pinne
u u cfarC)
apr2ram
egLIL-1
pinnaale
a667- 0,0
1. afterwards, (and) then[2. after (post. past pt.,
cf. )1
after (post. past pt.)
back, after; future (in cpds.
1. behind (in space); after(in time) (post. ± dat./obl.,cf. Oier )
[2. after (post. past pt. n.in dat.)]
3. afterwards
725. I-1 an rtE poke smoke, fume, steam; igarette)
00/17G)51) smoking
726. LT/6-V in { 011- pustakam book
I_Vri)EpEZW
poTave, ceele sari
6) Lim 1_00J 6- )01j
727. ra-)
728.
729. Li
730. LI
ty-
731. L45JELI
732. LI7617 1.
733. Lidat
buTTi, baaTTlu bottle
LILly
puNNu wound
LICPT.01
oln,L0 botankeRame Wednesday
6)LiritTig10&&
putu new
Li 441
poralm porala, poraNTu) roll over, revolve
6)01.503winTonwurr97,617.0) (horizontally); beoverturned
000 imp. v. + puriyura understand
[-1W
734. LI CLI
735. L. (6)
736. LI
pulavar, polavar poet, learned man
LIG-ix-Orr ,cv_irroi
puli_ tiger, panther
0-9
pullu grass
LI 'Ili 51
6 6
737.
738 . CrA
739. LI J-h-oTA
740. LIpLILi(9 4.
741. 4
742.
743.
744. Lb 207
745.
746. GLJ6T
747.
748. @OW
749. G)iJuJ
750. G)
[ 6LJ
751. u
,
752. 6-)d (6La
3.
puRu
L-1
porappaTu
Lirrnp LIG
puu(vu)
(
puucci
puuTTu
Lb IL
puune
+MIT'peTTi
CWIL
poNNu
6.21.Jrror
1. poNNu Oarritfr2. pompLeG)IJ r r
peeru
peyyi peyya, pencu
C)Li Liaa OLICIJUIA-10 ITO
periya
01JrfltLJ
perukku-
6)L-1
pe rune
6 7
worm, maggot
tamarind, sourness
spot, point, tittle; index(data)
set out, star (a journey);rise (of sun, star, etc.)
flower; shredded coconutciprti ffi rrai
insect, bug, worm, germ
lock
cat
box; iron (for clothes
daughter; girl; bride
femalewoman
1. name; noun; reputation2. person (used with numbers
as a classifier in thecolloquial style)
rain
big, large, great impo ta--
multiply, increase; [sweep](tr.)
pride; greatness, nobleness;fame, glory; prestige, reputation
753. G)
0LF a
754. gd
755. a Li ff-
756. Cu 76-07-
75 7. gthyrr.P ff) (
758.
759. LJ Lip
760. I mj
761. gri LI ET-- IT
762.
763. q-oLlujarr
764. G)Lirrig
765. _Ll
766. G)LJITJ
767 . 6)1-17
768 @LIFT
1.61;17(p7:61r174) 1.
OL2. ke_eIkkum- imp. v. 2.
appaammaa
11.1[TLOL-Orr
peecu-
peeccu
peeranJT0prafasaru
LITT uff-speetti
6L-1
pen(nu), peenaa
CILJar.6T (S)0
payyi
tij U-51
paycaa, kaacu
UtliEfri ; MET
paytt
LJLJLdLpayyan
uoljuicnri-
give birth
get, obtain, receive;achieve
parents
speak, talk
speech, talk
grandson
professor
granddaughter
pen (the riting ins ent)
bag, pocket
paise, 1/100 rupee; money
payittivam madness, insanity, folly;Lib51, 016 mania; mad person
boy, son
poTi 1. powder, dust; snuff
ad fir L9
caataaraNamEr-n-T Fr povr :2)
poy
OD rr 64,61)
1. arttam2. caamaan iTrr
2. very small (adj.)
public, common, general, usual
lie, falsehood, untruth
kl 1. meaning; substance,,matternwr 2. object, thin (pl. ) goods,
product
poruttukkoo6:.4 e 5 rr
53
6 8
wait; endure., bear with,tolerate; have patience
D-111-,e9.1
769.
770. eijrr
771. eLirrsg Gil
772. 61170 4.
r aos, 4.]
773. alit T-L
774. -
775 . eLiTT51:13 imp. v. +dat.
L-0
776. dtJ fy
777. gi-IfToli, nj Fr A)
778. 6LIFT0151
[ovraaul
779. In 6Tr
780. L0 615r
porume
OLirre9-10Ln
poo (pooka, pooy
atm (Corrffi
pookku
L,HTAg
pookkuvarattu
nirr çr Igt1pooTu (pooTa, pooTTu)
ei_117G (dan,a1-Irrl:0)
pooTTi
rr
-pootu, -pp4
rrgl -LJU
pootum
eLl raj flo
yuddamLL
poola
ClArrqU
foon
&diTair
LL
maka(1)0
LC) Crr
makan0
Orr
54
6 9
patience
go
going; practice, manner, habit;behavior, attitude; tendency,trend, style, usage
traffic, transport
put, place (unintentionallyor carelessly), throw (away),drop; give birth to (ofanimals); hel in verb withnumerous nouns wit eneraIidea of put: a pictureT7=17-771(r76ad), serve (coffee),etc.
contest competition, tournament,match
when, while o. pt.)
be enough, be sufficient
war, battle
1. like, similar2. as (if) (post.
post. pt. n.[3. inf., stem pf
Iresemble']
phone, telephone
daughter
son
(post. 4- acc.4- conditional;
ed
781.
782. Leap
783 IA 5 Er-6-1T
784. LD
785.
786.
787. w
788.
789. Lo
790.
791.
792. LO
793.
rçrL
fff'794. Louivtai5
795. w 9-CD
796. 11) rr
LDJ
cantooSam
6Pre err4L6jananka
cil:STM-J-1 (rfr
manca(Lu)
LI:1
maTi
LO
maTTum
LL
maNi
W Ori1C)
maNikki
ala415
maNineeram
Looroz9er
maNNu
aD orr _
matippu
Ln L L A
mattya
mattyaanam
LCIVP'LIFF°51-
mantiri
LOT if)
mayakkam
Wti3d3%1.0
maram
LDTFL E
mariyaate
cfJarrepo
55
7 0
joy, gladness; pleasure
people; [children]
turmeric; yel
lap; pocket flap of a G
I only, alon[2 until, as far as, as long as
(post. nom. and pts.]
gem, jewel, bead; bell, gong;hour of the day
o'clock
hour (of 60 minutes
earth, soil, dirt
value, estimation; reverence,regard
central; Union-, of the Centre
midday, early afternoon
minister (of state)
mental confusion, delusion,perplexity; sleepiness,intoxication, fainting
tree; wood
respect, propriety; civility
797. LO
798. bp LID 85677
799. Upff:)00-1
800. a) au
801. 0
802. wen Ls
803. LOrp 7.
804. L00
805. Logp 4!-441-h--
[ Dearzyr-
806. In in 2./6.
809. Lacror iLl, Worfr
[ aisin-n-LA]
810. W rerAT
811. LB 20-0T 6-15-)
maruntu
marumaka(L)0
LD crrmarumakan
W L.01566-07
male
marl)
mallike
oi) cn-9 eel
maRe
medicine, remedy
daughter-in-law; femalecross-cousin, niece
son-in-la , male cross- ousin,nephew
mountain, hill
jasmine
rain
Lootsmara (marakka, mar4ntu) ._orget
W (1-13(PdA5.016V5
1. innoru2. aTutta ,91G
tirbvpavumW
-upaTi(yum)Wttsliu 0.14
2. kaaNaama(l) poo 2. disappear,E6n-1124k)) jrr
6. oLincukkoo _
9 Efr .eiCffi
another, othernext
again
be hidden
6. hide, make disappear
veetam Veda
69611
mattapaTi
I.D6ulf
Bible
other, otherwise (adv, and
matta the other (adj.)
LD
manam-manacufirr ILDIfaT
mind, hea will
manitan man; human being
W 0-a+i(per°1-
manevi, poNTaaTTi wife
narra/011 irrim-Lsr
56
7 1
812. 1_13
813. W rt L.4
814. wrr
815. in rr air
Wri:- 05)
816. Do ,5113
817. DO rr$11-39
818. WJT Jan1wrlT
819. W LO-
820. WTTLI)n-
821. OJT :
822. ID ruj
823. M Fr 2.(k)
824. Lo rr
825. W 1113 Er)
826. uo Froi 3.
827. Lo rr nrr
manni-
Moo
maaTi
rr
maaTt
rrO
madNavan0
IT0-01- 61A ror
madliavi
0110-1-
maacam
in a [0:1,maatiri
rI
maapLev
L0 ITU L16)6rr
maam-
U0 Fr LO
maamaa
W ri-LO Fr
maami
LD r M61
maaru
Li] rr
maald
Mrrna-0maaVaTTam
WJLLLmaaraa
LD rr(
maaru-
070maanu
rr GIs57
r7 9
excuse (+ nom., + acc.forgive, pardon 0- nom. + dat.)
upper story /floor, upstairs;roof terrace
ox, bovine
student
-student (f.)
month
manner, way, fashion (n.as, like (post. -1-Jyt.)
bridegroom; husband; youngerbrother-in-law
mango usually compounded)
uncle, mother's_brotherfather's sister's husband,father-in-law; any older man
mother s brother's wife,mother-in-law; any older woman(of somewhat indefiniteconnection)
chest, bosom breast
1. garland, necklace2. evening, P.M.
district
against as opposeddat.)
to (post.
change, alter (intr oveaside, give way
deer
828.0
829. L6)
830. L6)
831.11)CiT Lbi
rrLL
832. y&rrw
833. L61 fO1ôL)
834. L-6$)
rompa
Frbou
mirukam
Lc0
L-0
moLakaa
G)/...070-rr rr
balbu
Li
karaNTU
ryo-i;-trrEG:
minnalu
Ldrol
miccam excess surplus, remainder
LASTEF-EFLO
very, much, a lot
animal, beast
hchillies, red pepper
light bulb
electricity
lightning
835.Wcir mlinu
836 mokam
LD rf
837.
838.
839 4
uiCa
2./6.
840.6D34
841. g irar842
ILI alImp. V. 4- instr.
8 [- 14 4-11
fish
face, countenance; mouth of ariver, entrance to a harbor;honor, pride, 'face'
vilaacam address (where one lives)
6-15141.1 Fr E1.0
mukkiyam importance, that which is chief/
LAOprimary
muTi-
g2. finish come to an end6. finish complete
muTi hair (of head)
muTicci knot
g4ffEr-TmuTiyum can, be able, be possible
g ti4
muTivu
L-9-
58
73
end, finality; decision,conclusion
844. LIr6TF
845,
846
nW
muTTaaLu
L rr
muTTe
E.6-)
mo ta (1)
GLarr 16-))
motalaam
Qi.DrroVri-L°0847. mutuku
g-1mutt..
g84 9 . Li Li muppatu
obl, LI LI g41 C.1 LI
obl. muppatti.
_
850. moyalu
/12 Wel-1
848.. g Ep&I
851 UJ(72 muyarcci
852 d201) mulle
don 071,)
85 3 . g
stupid person, fool
agg, zero
first, initialbeginning, principal (money),Chief- (political)from (with time expressions)[post. nom.]
first(iy)
(the) back
pearl- kiss
thirty, 30
rabbit, hare
attempt, effort, perseverance
(Arabian) jasmine
muRu whole, entire complete
854. (J1 vc?cTr molie
elnIrrnCrr
855.
856.
muLLu
WaCtIr
1. maatiriWIT
2. varice
6-1J
3. taTave
rieU
5 9
7 4
sprout, shoot -f plants);(attached) peg, post, stake;wedge
thorn prickle; hands of clock
1. manner
2. order, regularity
repetition, turn (one's turntimes (4 times
858.
859.
860.
861. (( 3.
862.
863.
864.
865. 6-)LLI CIA Fr e5
866. 6-)061)CrIJ
867.
868. d
869. eW6-6-)
munnaale
Crrrt06-16.-V
munnaalecni arr
muukku
muuccu
muuTu-
gmuulam
CO Ln
muule
gowmuuNu
0-1metuvaa
404tp airr
mella, molla
6)0)0i0a 'Oa] rr
mellicu
611.0 636151 Efr
meek=CIA0851.6
meeje, meece
eboca ,gLo6)Ef-
870. eLD 6. meey-
CIA a
60
7 5
before (post. 4- fut.
front; past (in cpds.
1. in front of, in the presenceof (post. -I- dat./obl., of. 857.)
[2. before (post. A- dat. of fut.pt. n.)]
3. formerly, before
nose; bill, beak f birdpouring spout
breath; life
cover; close
1. with, by means of, through(the agency of), under theauspices of (post, nom.)
2. root, origin; original text;means
corner, angle
three
slowly, softly
slo ly, softly, gently
soft, thin, delicate
cloud
table desk
2. graze; eat grass or grain)6. graze, feed (cattle, etc.)
871.0 atooTe moreover, besides, fu tiler,Dig5rrca_
872.44OCCO meele 1. upper surface,_high.[ gWOO-L) the west (cf.CIA/15 ) n.
2. on (top of), upon (touch-ing*); concerning [post. +obi.]
3. above (not touching*); after
873. Lorpg
Sw .17)
w
874. OD 113
875. @Inn-
876. øwrT §
877. d
La
$1g1.0
meekku
meekke
et0416
ma:
mottam
OW Fr
baaSe
rr
mootirarn
e rr W878. WTTrJ =Orli
1111-1
879. (LI rr 7 7 Gigi
880. LLJ rr
881. LLJ Fr 7 rr
882. n-
Lil
yaaraavatu
cdmrpraligi
yaarum
WIT U3
yaaroo
WrTelPT
yaaru
rr
61
7 6
(in time) [post. + dat.]
* contrast not maintained in_all dialects
west
west, western
to/in the west
ink
total, aggregate; the whole,universal
language; word, saying,expression
(hand) ring (jewelry)
buttermilk
anyone, anybody
anyone, everyone; (+ neg. ) no one
someone
who
883. pi a
884.7
885. 9- 030-i), uS1
Noriebalarrep
886. 9-6-51th6D eff),
887. urrii
888. G3 urr
889. f9-171T
890.{0131.6-ULIEF
891.
892.
893.
6
894. 6-1-11).1@, rg.1
895.
yaane
Lb41-616Tr
ciracam
th
rayilu
U51e4ravikke
gol2 650
ruupaa(y)
Lin- oi
toTTi
Gv) rr
roojaa
d9-rra-61)
laccamCO &A*611
[obi. laccatti
GO
1-231pir'
3. vaku-
61.1
vakuppu, klt;aasu
07)igil , E66Tr Tr
vetamJL
baanku, bgnk
u Fr rfid a rtA
vasaLi
6 2
7 7
elephant
rasam, a thin soup
railway, train
sari blouse, choli, obodice
rupee
brea
rose
a__ro chapa
I)
o1-lakhl, hundred thuusand,
1,00,000
1. classify2. divide3. divide (in math)
class, division
kind, sort type; manner, way,method; division, portion
bank (financial)
convenience facility; well-ocomfortable
896. L
GAIL
897. 671.11L (-1-0
898. irr
899. -CIA Oirr 4
900. JT
901. 6-2-11-)N
902. GIl LLJJJ [6-1J
903. _
904. Cu 05)(91
905. J uoTO 7E750
906. 0-Iffl
907.
908. Wrr6rLD,
rr
909. caj
910.
vaTakku
Oi L.
vaTakke
CULEt0E5
vaTTam0
a-IL:L. L13
vaNakkam
arr
vaNTi
61.1 0-001 1.9.
doobi, vaNNan
e6nra,cumor,0
vantu
6-1-1
vayacu
G1LW IT16
vayalu
C1101 @IL
vayru
ul g
carittram
EF
1. vari2. 1aynuôtJj
varSam
CU rT Le.ih
campaLam
EF- CD LJ1TW
vare
G1J
varekkum
alC) çcsth
63
north
north, nor hern
to/in the north
circle; region, "taluk"
salutation; hello, how are you?(said while joining handstogether)
cart; conveyance, vehicle
mwasherman, dhobi
hesitation fo well
years old, years age age
field (with boundaries esppaddy field
stomach, belly, abdomen
history
1. tax2. line
year
income
1. measure, limit[2. up Lo, until (post. 1- nom.)]
1. up to, until p-st. ± nom.)2. until, as far as (post. -I- pt.)
911. vareyle-
cuo ao
912.i IG1IW] valatu the right side
1. up to, until (post. + nom.2. until (post. + pt.)
611 CU g0
vala right
G-1101)
913.0-1051 6. imp. v. vali: smart, pain, ache
Cu+ dat.
914. 61.1
915. 6114 MOLD
161 Li3916. 6-2-11
917.
918.
919.
Lg
2./6.
920. 611 rr GiJ
922. C1J rr o'b
923! ni Er-200T
924. irr
925.Cu rr Cia
vali pain, ache
al 051
balam
J U L LO
vaRakkam
5 EE
vaRakku
6-11
vaRi
al§vaRiyaa
cj U-111-
vaLaru-/:
Trr C8
vaa (vara, vantu)
clirr (atir
vaanku-
611rriti
vaacal
Ci1tff
vaaeane
Fri5-0CroT
vaayi
al 7 USI
vaaram0
GI) rr La64
7 9
strength, power
custom convention, habit
litigation, lawsuit, cadispute
way, path; me hod
by, through, by way of(post. + obl.)
grow intr.). raise (tr.)
1. come2. (imp. v. + dat ) be getting,
receive
buy, get, receive; pant, be shortof breath
entrance doorway, gateway
smell (n._
mouth mouthful opening ofbag, etc.
week
926. cal rr
927. rr
928.
929. 61.1 rr
930.6ljn-oTA
2.
931. rrne0151
932 rr9-2cgrirr
933- cisigkr>i
934. 661 L
935.a 2.
4.
937.05)06,5SCU
938. GICIG&
939
940. 60 07f)
vaalu
cuff
vaaRe-
613 rro g1. nallaa iru
0-00-u ri
2. nallaa naTa0-06rurr rL
vaaRkke
611 rr
vaaLi
CI-Irrol+1
reeTiyoo
e w rrvecaaraNe
WJEFrrrynaRIT
viciri
aRri5iviTa
GaSk
viTi-, veTi-
4) nalviTu (viTa, viTTu)6-15)G caT LAL®[often -Tu -G.' or-ru -gin cpds.]
viTutale
619G enav)
iiivuoSbn4
viti
avete
@cu65
tail
banana tree, banana (in cpds,
live
thrive, prosper
living, life
welcome, greetings (formal)
bucket
radio
investigation, inquiry, trial;interrogation
fan; (movie) fan
1. compared toacc.)
2. inf. of
dawn (as day)break through
leave; release
than (post. I-
'leave'
rise (of sun);difficulties)
let go, abandon,give up; permit, allow, let;com letive aspect marker inver coMPoun
freedoreleas
leave,
liberty, independence;of prisoner, etc.)
holiday, vacation
fate, destiny; principle rulelaw
seed (of plant )
941
942.
943. 615) Lc) rr
944 6-151 rr 5r)
945. a L rr U rr 7 Lia
a nr rf)
946.(D0Jrr,
947. a g
948. ncild
949. 67)516'7 Fr 95 ih
950.
951.
952.
953
954.
956.COOT
5.
rr w
vittyaacam
tpuJrr Er-Lb
viniyookam
615) CUJrneb1:8
vimaanam
LL rrm
viyaati
6715) rt
vyaapaaram
rr u rr
vyaapaariV.
rTLJT i
LU vyaaRakkeRame
GWITv,16111, Lo
veralujrviruntu
virootam
g ITT
vt
051 E5
vele
Gi 6110 ro
vevacaayam0
G)6'U61J rrLLJL 10
vevaram
6)61] Gli
viseeSam
a gab
viRu-
0)51g1
veLakku
crT
difference, contrariety;distinction
distribution
airplane
sickness, disease
coirnerce, trade, business
merchant
Thursday
finger, toe
feast; food for guest
enmity
sell
price
agriculture
details, detailed narra ion,amplification
celebration estival, festivity,ceremony
fail; win ttery, etc.
lamp; light, illumination
957 Pr
958.C)5)d,rrurr
959. A;
960. ag
veLanku-.
0611m-mi
veLeyaaTu-
6)G,U0671
viiTu
COGviiran
rT°*
be clear; become renowned,flourish
play; spor
house; lousehold
hero
961. C)6 riaJO5ULL/LAI venkaayam onion
6mi rr th_L L.2)
962, L.: Eta vekkam shame; modesty
06-11 t5
963. 0611 veTTU-
G)01 L
964. 0 veNNe butter
dro'r
965. 6-) veylu heat of the sun, sunshine
6)67)itil 4.251)ga
966.JcnJOUL1 ) yell=
veLiye out, outside, exterior
061:11-n90a-}
:61-1641C-) veLi(-) foreign, external; empty space;061j679(-) outer space
0-n1pri-LLL1 veLikkaarar foreigner
GN-LI crr rr g
cut, chop, cut with scissors
967. 00.-D crfF) etii, (7)
tj
aggery, brown sugar
968,G6J6rTTA veni silver; Venus (the planet),Friday
969.n A 63 et Lio veLLikkeRame Friday
6161.10-froC) ibo LO
970. G)C)Jrrr2crr veLL whIte, whiteness innocence6) AJ OT (r) VT
971.G)0J,L916) verum0
ai
67
8 2
empty, mere, blank
972. CT) (71-1
1
974 * -; .511 ebtil 1 (I)
977. eq}-11,c7T-(=,:;
imp. v. ± dat.
e cu arrr rruJ
976.
979 -.611019
980. L
981.
Turr
982. 6
983. 610631 6
vetri jeyam
0611( 16)'Nu.R11
vac (veeka60 (66111
yeckarnaa
6; CU (56LO Fr
victory, success
vent0_ be cooked (in narrowest sense,6-VWFA) in water and without seasoning
parcook; be hot
voeSTi, veeTTi
gol
veeNTiya
6 )JArr
veeNum
e gpveeNTaam
Crli cri5-07 L rr
veeru
eeLe.
cr-'76-2.J 6-) 671-
oruveeLe
6-300e61-16arrr-
vecreecru 6) c7
ayyi_(vakkya,
C11 tir4(C11 Efz,
enies 984-996, see Appendix II,
quickly, in a hu intensely,strong (of taste
°(1h_ti, man's lower garment
necessary, needful (adj.)
want; should, need
do not want; should not
root (of plants)
fence
work, job, employment
occasion (number of ti(duration of) time
perhaps; (just) once
other, different, foreign
va9cu) put, lay, place, set aside
111-) (intentionally); keep, makeand keep; serve (food, etc,
8 3
68
131.
APPENDIX I. Words Grouped by Topic, Use and Semantics
SECTION ONE. Func tion Words
A. Pronouns and De ic ics
1. sona 1 and Resui Live Pronouns
Fr
593- rTiEf Ebrn--
597. IT Fr /13
naan
naanka (L) we exe lusive they and I
naama (1,) we (inc lus ive ), you and I a- d
they)
620. J-1 niir
621. rrjcrr aiinka (L)
512.
511. TT LID
508. J3o1 :1-
taan
taam
taanka (
2. De ic tid and Interroative Pronouns
avan
139. ivan
52. 4.W.J a-57 ava (L)
138 611 O1T iva(L)
50. 416:11 avaru
136. 03)01 ivaru
5 10-21 Ij c7iT avanka (L)
t 37. a ow (r ED 6-Tr ivanka (1,)
a tu It, that, that thing
112. itu it, this, this thing
55 6-001 a tu, a tunka (1,) they, those things
69
you (s ing. )
you (pl. and hon. )
himself, herself, itself(resump tive)
they themse Ives; he h imse f (hon. )
they themselves ; you (formal hon. )
he
he (th is man)
she
she (this woman)
he (hon. ) , that person
he (hon.
Y,
person
those people ;
they, these people ; she (hon. )
8 4
140, OXCD-)6723
882 LLJTT
880. ai ric50
881. 01 IT(fITTT
879. LTrnJI194. Gr
195. crg]6111b
228. CTC, ;5-rr
191. GT Too226. 61-01-craf
237 .
3. Other De iceics
27, 40,5
115.
198. Cr
3.
104. 6:316 E6
181. GTF5J6ES
180. Cr ri3A
itunka(L) they, these things
yaaru
_yaarum
yaaroo
yaaraav
etu
etuvum
etuvoo
anyone, everyone; (.1- neg.
no one
someone
anyone anybody
which one
anything
something, some _
somewhat
etaavatu s_ ething
enna
een
what
-ecl;
why, for what -eason
anta that, those (adj.)
inta this these (adj.)
enta which (adj.)
anke there
hinke ere
e ke where
enkum everywhere anywhere; (+ negnowhere
183. FF1 LLJfl enkeyoo so- ewhere
enkeyaavatu anywhere
attane, avaLavu that many, so many, so much
ittane, ivaLavu this many; all these; ti-is much
how manyettane, OvaLavu
2. r-frj. g al rr-CultU
24. 115
114. g)6,5
1,96. cr2rr
70
197 . Cr y5 Ep _ Fr ettanevoo
30. OIL:1U L9 appaTi
118. L-1 L ippaTi
199. çfli Li L9. eppaTi
201. GT n- eppaTiyoo
200, CrL Ll L9 tij 1VCflJCLL eppaTiyaavatn
33UHTgj appa
119.ULJflj ippa
26. CI-1:16/J gl eppa
204. G1LJLJ tT eppavum
205. CTI.:iTfl eppavoo
202.(7 6 LJTTriaj
56. AVLI" 6-11617-
141. 4)). 6-11 cri- aj2 t 3. GT 6tM crr
214. GT CD CI] 611- 6-1-1 q
71. --9-t 031- 611
151. QciPT ar)
113. e, Fr
so
like that, in that manner, SO
thus, in this way
how, In what manner
somehow
somehow (or other ); by any means
then, at that time
now
when
always; (-1- neg. ne
sometimes, occasionally, oncein a while
eppavaavatu sometimes, at any time
avaLavu that much, so much
ivaLavu this much; gliala
evaLavu how much, however much; how_ma,ay
evaLavoo so much, a lot
aNNekki that day
iNNekki today
itoo (look) here:
7 1
B. Postpositions
1. Post- ositions -ith Sim lex Nouns
With Nominative
74.
464. g785. - 1.13L=G1La
846.
862. - CU LO
909.
910. - njej-)9-#AL0
911, - 037
With Accusative
389.
449. -
464.
502. (;5 051
r7-ET.B
697. -L-ir:p26)
777, 61J 61-) 6,isrc10
934. G-19L
EE Tom-
-aaka for (duration, with time uni
-ceentu together (+ intr. V. )
-mattum until, as far as, as long as
-mota(1) from (with time expressions)
-muulam with, by means of, thr ugh
(the agency of ), under theauspices of
-vare
-varekkum
-vareyle
up to, until
up to, until
up to, until
-koNTu with, by mean of
-cutti around
-ceentu together (+ tr.
-tavira except, besides, apart
-peattu %oward(s),
-patti about, concerning, regarding
-poola like, similar to
-viTa compared to, than
c. W Dative
39. u rp Lin -appram
74. eb -aaka
174, TT7T. rrr -uLLe
192.
on the far side of, beyond
for (the sake of)
inside of), within [ pacei;
by, within [time]
-etire before, in front of; opposite
72
r7
642. -Li
1
665. - Lj
825. - Fr Et)
d. With Obli ue
642.
107.
156.
359. - Tr(L.
643. - UL
-pakkattule in the vicinit near
-batilu instead of
-maaraa against, (as) opposed to
-pakkattule in the vicinity of, near
-kiTTa/-kiTTe a case endincr/yost _osition wi.th
1. -flto 4iFection towards withanimates. contras
2. location with animates contrast
3. transitory dative. contrast
4. proximity, 'near'
-ucciyle at the top of
-kuuTa/-kuuTe along with
-pakkam near, hy
918. - CU IIUJ TT a, -vaRiyaa (ka) by, through, by way of
With Dative_or Oblinue
Note: Some dialects (both literary and colloquial) contrast use.of dativeand use of oblique. In these dialects, the dative is used to denotenoneontact and the oblique to denote contact. The contrast is clearlyillustrated in the entry 872.WJ, etc., below.
- Tiyle at the base of, at the foot ounderneath
872. - Ca) CCU., -aujol)
C-LCi941)
uLLe
-kiiRe
among (A- pl.)
below, under
pinnaale behind (in space ); aftertime)
-munnaale
-meele
_ trast not maintained in all dialects.
73
in front of, in the presence of
on top of), upon ohl. I*; above[A- dat.]*; concerning [-F ohl ];after (in time) I+ dat.1
22!LELitions with Verbal Forms
a. With Partici les
32. -OlLiqfpui
198. - L Carr-
654. -Li
appram
- oTane
af ter (4- pas t pt
as soon as; right af Ler(+ pas pt. )
- Li -aaka (+ dat. of in order to, so that(± tut. pt. ) pt. no )
655. -114 Li eLij
656. -ULLJrFci
722
723.
-paTi as (-1- pa ipres. pt. )
-atunaale on account of, as, by reason of,because (4- past pt. )
-appram after (+ past pt. )
13. LI) -appram af ter (+ pas t pt. )
774. LIT - -pootu -ppa
785. - maTTum
-maatiri
857. -munnaa le
817. - /1-
910.
911. - r;LI 67r) t cu
b. With Pa_ tici ial Noun-
74. -
166. -
-varekkum
-vareyle
724. - L5)
I -L9073-r,
777. -Ctirr()-1, 1.-1Fro-u
858. 0-796'01)
-0060'
-aaka
-um
-pinnas_le
-poola
-munnaale
7 4
when, while (+ pt. )
until, as far as. as long as ( pt. )
as, like (1- pt. )
before ( fut. p
until, as far as (1- pt.
until (± pt. )
in order to (+ dat.. of fut. pt .
immedia t ive 'as soon as 'past pt. n.
after (+ dat. of past pt. n.
as (-p pt.
before (+ dat. of fut pt.
c. Postppsibions_and Clitics with_Condi.tlonals
unless (emphati-245. - U-I -oRiya
777. -CL-1/T01-) -eLin- -poola
166, aLD -um
513. - meg- [also -taan-Eyri-13 , etc.]
C. Clitics
211. cr cu a) Fr lig
227. - 67-
513.
567.
ITerfir' [also
1-r-t.h, etc. ]
L.40
-ellaam
-ee
-taan
as (if
even (if) [nonreal concessive]
only (if)
the whole, entire, all
emghatic and exclusive: 'thisone as.opposed-765-' (cf.
rr )
ernihatic and _isolative: 'thisone by itself'; only, just,exactly (cf. -GT)
-toorum every, each and every
166. - -um
369.
167, -
9
251.
73.
-kuuTa/-kuuTe
a
14) -urn... -urn
also, too inclusion in aclosed set); although (realconcessive) ]-1- coverbial];
-ever universals [+ interrogative]
even, als- too
and (conjoining of nominals)
-aavatu...-aavatu or (only in noneoncrete situations,cf. ...-
-oo.-oo or (only in concrete situations,cf. ,9baig...-,961gd)
-aa...-aa or (only with questions)
interro ative elitic asking for a72. -aa
75
90
no rep y, with expectationneutra
250.
785.
-oo interro ative clitic indicating§J1Lprise and asking forconfirmation
-maTTum only, alone
D. Sentence Markers
1 Conjunctions
103 4_61-) aanaa but
-Vitlia aanaalum however
47. 4401) n i g. illaaTTaa or, if not
224. 6-1-07-6 4_1 1-- -nnaalum, -NNaalum even then, nevertheless(attached to preceding sentence
223. GT01-1-6 -nnaa, -NNaa if, if said so
221. 0-0-fr 6.01 atunaale therefore
atooTe moreover, besides, furthec871. n=a9C,Y-11-n
2. Inte actions Address forms and Ta _Markers
92. 6 rr flo aamaa yes
cari O.K., alright, f ne, yes
alas, a pity
418. if)
713. ti Fr ni
682. Li cral IT ci-)
591 ay 01
929. a fr e?
901. CLI
898; C11
paavam
par vaalle never mind,it's not bad
doesn't matter;
nanni, nanri thanks, thank you
welcome, greetings 'ormal)
vantu hesitation form: uh, well
vaNakkam salu _ation: hello, how ar- you?
76
39. .DliOLOrrq
9. DIL...11-L-11-
252. T
241. rea LJJ rr
438.
155.
8.
31. (1)1:_u_Irr
38. (-31)1:13Lt3
240. La IT
495. E5
474. cro FF
91.
135-
FrammaaTiyoo
aTeeTee
ookoo
ayyoo
cii
-(u)nka(L)
(a) Taa
(a)Tii
(a)ppaa
a
(a)yyaa
t- pi
sear
-aam
E. Verbs with S ecial Uses
1. Impersonal Verbs
337. LLOg)(1Zr)L_ dc, EfrrJ
338. GT)
le
keTekkum
keTekkaatu
keTuyaatu
77
92
oh my gosh:
oh: (mild surprise)
(surprise or joy)
oh dear: (sor Ow or s pathy)
(contempt)
address form for oliteness
im olite address form to malechi_ldren_and
s_imilar form for fe- les
address form to older ma einferiors; father
address form to older women;mother
interiectio:qaddress form_toolder male e ual; sir
address form to male servan
sir. gentleman
tag marker to sentence indicagt:at the speaker is not re!pon-sible for the
tagparker: with risingintonation, 'isn't it?'; withfalling intonation, 'you know'
dat.) will get, obtain
(A- data will not get
dat, neg. only) do not have,does not happen
544. 99 Li-1 L:C)
977. au 67TiM GI Lb
(: cjJciflTLnF L.:0
920. C1,1
913. CA 6-51
842. 0 L9_ tq
775. (;LiflE.1 Lin
733. LLQ
ammatical Ve
127. g\e 7.
76. b
222. crri-T S.
454.
394.
371.
710.
657.
561.
983.
936.
779.
piTikkum (+ dab.) (Lo) ljke
pnci be (extremely) hungry (-I- dat)
ter iyum (+ dat) know
veeNum da0 want; should
veeNTaam (+ dat.) do not want; should not
vaa be getting, receive + (lat.)
vali= pain 0- dat
muTiyum (+ ins tr.) can, be able
pootum (+ df :) be enough
puriyu_ (+ dat.) understand
iru
aa (ku)
in (nu)
paNNu-, ceyyi-
1.
kuuTu-
paaru
paTu
tole-/-
vayyi
viTu
pooTu
rr
G 4.
2. /6.
4.
78
be
be, beeo-e
say, tell, quotativ-
cL make
reflexive middle marker
join, gather; be possible
see; try
suffer, feel
Pe destroy
put, keep
leav- let
put, throw
F. Modifiers
actives
143. Acfr L
168. 2Ed
218:
267.
289. Eb _g6c5)
379. GiE6C_L__
aTutta next not this one, the next one
atikam, jaasti much, a lot of; excess
21,am young; light (of color.
ocanta high
colapamaana easy
kaTeyci end; last, final
karum dark, dark (of colors
keTTa bad; spoiled
387. ) iTL4L1 pollaala ha mful, cruel
36. ciriya
437. 6-07- cinna little, small
461. 679' poona
48.(iTr,E conta
519. tiru
587. I156i)(11J nalla
693. Li cn paReya
731. Li gLI putu
750. 6)tJ J)tLJ per iya
caataaraNam
mattya
aTutta, innoru anotr, next
808. tta other
853. muRu whole, entire, complete
622. -0- L- niiLamaana long
small, little (in stze
765. 67) rry,1
791. LLLJFV&T))t
LA
last, previous
own, belonging to, personal
divine, sacred, holy
good, proper, as it should be
old mature
new
big, ,-2at, important
public, common, general, usual
central
79
867. 0 i-6.6-061511-Li mellicu soft, thin, delicate
971. 0 ni ,1 ILI verum empty, mere, blank
976. d oi (1-6-73-r L-9- veeNTiya necessary, needful
982. C613 veere other, difterent, foreign
2. Adverbs
21 rompa very
149. 0.4) inime from now on, henceforth, here-after
152. an- Ln innum still, yet; further-o e, more
23'3. ff)01,1 a-6)J eerkanavee, already, in good time, before
munnaaleeyee
981. Cal 2077- oruveeLe perhaps; (just) once
246. niA a, m zb
267. EZML
771. t-5 LLFILI-1 LI] r-F tY)
339. LL !p
439.
443. al- W Tr Ty
444. ery LC)
483.
515.
546. 6GT2j1V
590.
618. f-PC1
588. cc-IT C6
oRunkaa orderly, efficiently, neatly,regularly
kaTeyciyle in the end, finally, at last
kaTTaayamaa definitely, certainly
kiTTattaTTa approximately, nearly, about
ciikkramaa quickly, soon
cumaar approximately, about
cummaa
taTave, taram
tiTiirNNu
tetivaa
nallaa
-4reya, rompa,aasti
lazily, idly, leisurely; justfor fun, without any reason,just because
(number of) times
suddenly
evi -ntly,-clearly
well
much, too much, a lot
nallaa well (LT n. used as adv.
80
95
137. L-tg,L-15)(AJ805. LO pilLT Lc/
808.
828. L1-)r-B :711 Lb
86.5. (7-1-11).1-17
866.Ln
974. g6=21 f LL R.-
3. Colors
143. o7r bo
289. 5@ili-J0
293. 56u
310.
434.
625,
648.
783.
970.
43.
57.
175.
g)CDEIL-1
Lh
LIEPOMEF
IL EF-- crr
ciLi arrrOther Qualities
iff(Lia)
218. Gt
265. To--0-)Lo
413.
putucaa recently
tirumpavum againmarupaTi(yum)
mattapaTi
rompa
metuvaa
mella, moLLa
veekamaa
eLam
karum
kalar
karuppu
cevappu
niilam
pacce
manca(Lu)
veLLe
otherwis
veiy, much, a lot
slowly, softly
slowly, softly, gently
quickly, in a hurry;intensely; strong (of taste)
pale light
dark
color
black, blackness
red- redness
blue
green, yellow-green
yellow
white, whiteness
rare dear
aRaku beauty
1. valu2. kaTTaayam
colapam, callicu
kaTume
canuim
81
1. firmness, hardness, strength2. assurance, definiteness
certainty
an easy matter
harshness, sternness, severity
level, evenness; equality
446. EFI° ON-) Ll L1:0
496. La Fr f5-
ti-ilb838. gG. Quantifiers
242.
249.
125.
864.
604.
238.
102.
229.
187.
248.
675.
672.
700.
673.
667.
671.
1. Numerical
a. Natural Numbers
Li
Li
Ljgj
colapam easiness, facility
tayaar(u) ready, readiness
mukkiyam importance
oru
oNNu
oNNum
oruttan
orutti
reNTu
muuNu
naalu
ancu
aaru
eeRu
eTTu
ompatu
pattu
one; a, an (num. adj.)
one, one thing (n.)
nothing (-F neg.)
one man
one woman
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
patanoNNu eleven
panneNTu twelve
patimuuNu thirteen
patanaalu fourteen
patananeu fifteen
82
9 7
668.
670.
669.
Li
Li
676. Li
129.
849. LI( Lig]
602. Fr (.2 i.jJ
239- 23 L U
64.
217.
196. 6-T rolcrr 11 PT-11C7-
560. oi Eprrab-rff
628. .14fro
94. LL9 /7 in
890. 61J
395. 4
b. Other
44. Id
333. cri)
846.
244. 9 at 6)01.1 rr
2. Nonnumerical
210. 5TdLcii rr
211. Tr it.) cni 4:0
212. 07(Ti.)66-1-) rr
pa tanaaru s ix teen
pa taneeRu seventeen
pa tane Tat eighteen
pa t tompa to nineteen
irupatu, iruvatu twenty
muppatu thirty
naappatu for ty
ampatu fifty
arupatu, aruvatu sixty
eRupatu, eRuvatu seventy
empatu eighty
toNNuurn ninety
nuuru hundred, 100
aayiram thousand, 1, 000
laccam 4lakh: hundred thousand,1, 00, 000
kooTi 'crore: ten million,1, 00, 00, 000
are half, 1/2
kaa (1u) guar,ter, 1/4
mota (1) firs t, initial
ovvoru each, one by one
e 1 laa all, all kinds of (adj. )
ellaam ail things, everything (n.
ellaar m all (people everybody
83
685. j al)
432.
pala, palaana
koncam (n.)cela,.konca (adj.)
some, a few, not many(adj. if preceding, otherwise n.
385. 6')E6rr ZO koncam a little, some (i
504. q)
153. r5
Related ords
tani solitary, alone, sole(adj. and adv.)
innoru another (-f the same type) (adj.)
275. a) fraTT kaNakku computation
188. gnri-01- 3.eNNu- count, number
374.
305.
751.
891.
kuuTTu- add
kaRi subtract, deduct
perukku- multiply
vakul divide
941. wrr&Zo vittyaacam difference
875. QLorç Ep.4 mottam total; the whole
483. L6)1021 taTave (number of) times
748. 67111_11 7 peeru name; person (used withnumbers as a classifier)
9 9
84
H. Time
1. Time Units
634. g IT Lb
608. a 6A in
786. LL nCriCi
788. 11) crinfi C
787. LC) orPFIC) iS
640. Li ffia..)
332. E5 Fr 20-1.)
156.
792. 03E,5 tarraVTLb
427. el; mui 7070 LO
823. LID rr 2/1)
126. nl
nee ram t ime, per iod less than a day
nimi Sam momen t, minu re
maNi hour of the day
maNineeram hour (60 minutes)
maNikki o c lock
pakalu daytime
kaale morning, a.m.
ucci zenith, noon
ma t tyaanam midday, early af ternoon
caayankaa lam late a f ternoon, evening
maa le evening, p.m.
raattri night
6 oo. rrcfr naa (Lu )
637. 6; )-) gu nee t tikki
599. T rr 2017r naaLekki
344. 0 013 0 keRame
475. q5 rr ca(Avi womo ffaayi t tukkeRame
514. EFi t-) LC t inkakkeRame
460. 0 tC)-16-1-1 rral lgOUO cevvaakkeRame
730. 90-i-T- ) Ln bo tankeRame
546. 619 tLi Fr OD Lal v yaaRakkeRame
969. nnio.ir 6 LL veLLikkeRame
421. F-61+1 65 6D LU canikkeRame
100
day (24 hours
yesterday
tomorrow
day of the week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
550.1-$)
-526.
331. E5
925. (X Fr 10
816. 0
907. al
396. effiti-
902. 6-11 W
teeti
denam
kaalam
date, day of the m: th
daily
time, season, period longerthan a day
Va-ram week
maacam month
varSam year
kooTe(kaalam ) summer, hot seas n
vayacu years old, (years of) age
2. Related Wo s See also Section B2)
12. Kg1GaTutta next
32. ,,91 rp L'A appram moreover; then afterwards
aa(ku) be, beco e; happen; pass (of time)
110. matti mid-portion; interval
nime
oTane
414. IT Lo La 0 camayam occasion, opportunity
461. ç6r2 poona last, previous
722. appram, pinne afterwards, (and) then
935. 2. viTi- dawn, rise (of sun)
981. iJ 267T veeLe occasion, time
149. gl 0-519
158- a_ L San-
henceforth, hereafter
at once, immediately
86
Loca ion and Shape (See also: Post:positions (8), Land (Administrative(12a), and Adjectives Fl))
. General Location,_ Directions
896. al L
QJL
547.
crit
342.
973.
912.
105.
6
d Lop
872. gLo 66-0
156.
578.
791.(--)(
110.
1 1 .
348.
vaTakku
vaTakke
tekku
tekke
keRakku
keRakke
meekku
meekke
valatu
vala
eTatu
meele
ucci
naTu
mattya
naTu, matti
north
northern
to/in the no
south
southern
to/in the south
east
eastern
to/in the east
west
western
to/in the west
the right side
right (adj.)
the left side; left (adj.)
upper surface, high
Lop, uppermost point, zenitL
middle center (point)
central; Union-
mid-portion, middle section)
aTi base, bottom
kiiRe a place below, down, bottom
102
643.
291. Z566)/T
267. TO)
174. a 6-fr edri
967. 0671A 019 u=-1
32.
635. rp
2. Other Locatives
12. ,W 514. '6)L 2.
106.
pakkam side, vicinity
kare border, boundary; shore
kaTeyci end; last, final
uLLe interior, inside, in
veLiye exterior, outside, out
appram that side; farther, beyond
neeru straight, straightness
aTutta next
ceeru- reach, approach
eTam place, room; [left side]
458. 00;i6J 1. poo ar ive (at)
542. iir ri L2)tuuram distance
843. 5 4611 muTivu end; decision
918. J vaRi way, path
837. vilaacam address
3. Place Names
34. t6.i ETD rr
116. r:p rr
133.
462. orr Par
524.
amerikkaa America, the Uni ed States
intyaa India
lankaa, siloon Sri Lanka, Ceylon
senne, meDraasu Madras
Delli Delhi
88
103
4. Form anilyigae_
171. a 6-11
409. Y-
405. LL 13
739. 1_1 eriT am9
ruupam shape, image, form
canti junction, meeting point
caTTam framework, frame; law
puni spot, point, tittle
856. varice order, regularity
863. muule corner, angle
897. CULL Ln vaTTam circle
906. CM rf) vari line; tax
89
104
SECTION TWOJ Society and the Social Sciences
J. Governmen Administration and Politics
1. Admi is_tration
22. 0/ la5a-9-uo
6a-)Ln
90. ,b1T6TV-3
234. gr:21-q6.
328. ErrJw .p
378.Err1-0-1
517.
534. 2
536.
539.
562.
576.
596. /13FIL:(3 3.
610.
614. 6201, LL-1/1)
664. LJ 5;15-thi
666, Li
721.
936. 05n 4.
938. Qs--IGgi
2. Government
a. Politics _Rule
6. 4X L 3.
atikaaram
ameppu
authority
structure; organization,constitution
aapiisu, aafiis office
uNTaaku be establishe develop
kaaryatarici secretary
collu say, tell (officially); proclaim
tiTTam plan, scheme
toNe deputy, Vice-, Assistant-
dore person in authority
tore department
veele action; occupation
naTavaTikke procedure, (administrativmeasure, step
naaTTu- establish
nirvaakam administration
neleyam institution
patavi position, post. rank
pativu registration
pooTu he issued
viIU (tiTa, viTTU) release, let go; permit, allow,let
liivn leave, holiday, vacation
aTakku
90
105
put down, restrain, contro
subordinate
7. A Lrg aTanku submit, obey
29. 0/61051W) apivitutti development, progress
40. ?igcET- raajaa king
41. MIT* carkkaaru government; royalty, kingdom
84. 46E15) aacci rule, administration,government; sovereignty
145. a268. LJ420. i% IV
440. 1811529. La
586.
607.
616. itiot755. 6 Li Er
793. in T5')D9
b. 1.andAAdminist ation)
eranku descend; be a candidate(in an election)
kacci party, faction
carkkaaru (the) Government
cjjrtiruttam improvement, reform
tiiviram intensity; radicalism;(political) activity
cavkkyam welfare
niti finance, fund, treasure
niruttu stop; support (an action)
peeccu speech
mantiri minister (i state)
172. 2_61) Er, 1:13
178.
315. Et, ITO
ulakam world, earth
uuru
kaaTu
341. gl ITIT CD graamam
570. rE.rt,7 nakaram
595. rp 17-@ naaTu, deecam
897. G)JLLL. t3
native place, hometown(village, town, community, place)
land not regularly inhabited byip[ëT jungle, de-dert
village
city, town, municipality
land inhabited by people:country, state
vaTTam circle; "taluk", region
91
106;
641.
824.
Li
LL h
c. War
--Tam region, area
district
on Lo ameyti peace, tranquility
401. g. cakti fjrce, forces (in pl.)
660. paTTaaLam army; (in pl.) forces, troops
776. rr yuddam war, battle
972.
d. Law
vetri [sic] victory
22. rr atikaaram jurisprudence
170. LIQ urime (inherent ) right or quality;
claim, privilege
321. a5/TD Frr(701 kaappaattu protect
1761.10t 1. kaavalu 1. protection, watch;
2. pooliisu 2. the guard, police
405. 6PCAL_Lb caTTam rule; law, act
488. 8,504Fr L- 207r taNTane punishment
570. tiruTu steal
623. ndf6) niiti justice
636. Cr7ry b0 nyaayam honesty
917. aj
932.
937.
vaRakku
vecaaraNe
viTutale
92
107
litigation, law-suit, case;dispute
investigation, inquir trial;
interrogation
freedom, liberty, independence,release (of prisoner, etc.)
3. Related.. Words
48. 4-1G-11 g- L8
87. rT
303. E6 1g a 11
373. ER1_ L. ED
386. 05 rr 4
403. EF. r*0 eh bt
455 G) 1-1j
491.
492. Li CU
500. 201)
528.
613.
674. Li $11-)citn
765. 61 urr791. Ili
843. g L9
953. Ca CL1
Llo rrorr1.13
954. a 19
Economics
1. Business and Finance
945. UIrJJLIJ vyaapaara
avacaram hurry; emergency
aataravu support, protection, patronage
kaRakam association
kuuTTam crowd, group meeting
koTi flag, banner
cankam association, acade y
viSayam neWs, message, matter, deed
tanti telegram, cable
tapaalu mail, post
tale head; priority
tiir aanam decision; resolution, motion(as in Parliament)
neleme situation, condition, state
pattrikke newspaper, magazine, periodical
caataaraNam public, common, general
mattya central; Union-, of the Centre
muTivu
vevaram
vlseeSam
64.
Gowrrurr
?ouiJ
vyaapaari
neleyam
93
108
decision, conclusion
details, detailed narration,amplification
celebration, car -ony
commerce, trade, business
merchant
institution
90.
266.
412. 6137. OieD
517.
440.
29.
176. 2/L45)
942. a5)0d/Liirefab
644. L-J
459. 0 EFri-4-1-1
467. GT) TiT
aapiisu, aafiis
kaTe
cante
ameppu
tiTTam
ciirtiruttam
apivirutti
urpatti
viniyookam
panku
cottu
cottu
767. Oil rrfty caamaan
231.er
eeRame
230. 5reeRe
562. C)41.5m toRilu
980. ecii 20-1) veele
328. 5 rr if) w kaariyata ici
607. r paNam
275. kaNakku
790. Lal
.
u Li ,matippu
678. l-1 t4-1 OTr laapam
573. rp 6--) L. LO' naSTam
908. 6-216)Ln iiOr LD campaLam
office
shop, store
market
structure) establishment;organization, institution
plan, scheme; arrangement,estimate
improvement, reform
development, progress
(industrial) production;
development
distribution
portion, share
wealth, riches; prosperity
property, goods, possession,asset
(pl.) goods) product
poverty
poor person in alth)
industry
work, job, emplo :ent
secreta-y
finance, fund
(financial) accounts
value, estimation
94
109
profit
loss
income
457.
875.
951. cSl aru
950. 00 5.
celavu out-go, expenditure
Col mottam total
vele price
vittiTu- sell
921. vaanku- buy
2. Money and Salaries
663; WISIT-Lb paNam money, wealth
887. JJrTUJ ruupaa(y) rupee
761. 61,11Li QPrr paycaa, kaacu paise, 1/100 rupee; money
433. 01)610(p cillare change, coins; retail ( f trade
458. 6)
270. LLL 101
906.
417. EF-63 JOT LA
377.
16. uPffMn-Girfr:rt)
262. E6
894.
3. Related Words
14. agOi.2.
69. ,.9frifrdtr7f)iJ
185.
388.
506. r75Prir. v.
683. r9
687. Olj orr
poo ir.v. be current (of money)
kaTTaNam fare, fee, charges
vari tax
campaLam salary, pay, wages
kuuli (day work) wages.; coolie
aTVaansu advance (payment)
kaTan loan
baanku, bank bank inancial)
keTekkum imp. v. obtain, get
anpaLippu gift
eTU: take, re -ve, pick up
kuTU- Aive,_ give away
taa (tara, tantu) give, grant, bestow
paricu prize, reward
pelan, palan gain
95
739.
834.
895._
puLLi
miccam
vasati
index (data)
excess, surplus, re ainder
well-off, comfortable
L. Relig_ion Rites and Festivals
414. ,5 LO 0-4:0camayam religion
117. al intu Hindu
171. a@ 6111-6tuupam image; idol
234. 6)- LIT 6), uNTaaku- begin to exist, be established;develop, evolve
235. 97:p LJ Fr GIeer aaTu arrangement or preparation done
according to established custom
296.E501)tarrairtb kalyaaNam ma-Aage
321.
358.
398.
466.
519.
543.
583.
584.
807.
916.
939.
942.
954.
rrju rript5Vthle
ES rra_90-1)
6121 W
LJcBW
thLU0D.),
615-)
cillg8e512/
5)4Jfl-cSrrIS)
kaappaattu- save; protect
kumpiTu worship, reverence
kooylu temple
cayvam Saivism; a aivite
tiru divine, sacred holy (adj,)
tirunaa (Lu) festival day
teyvam god, godhead, deity
nampikke trust; faith; hope
nampu- believe, trust
veetam Veda; Bible
vaRakkam custom, convention
viti fate, destiny; principle
viniyookam distribution
viseeSam celebration, festival, festivity,
ceremony
96
iii
M. Pee le and Society
1. ole
94 G1T aaLu person
810. 14 orr9 orr mani tan man; human being
86. r aaNu (a) male
747. GJr 1. poNNu 1. female2. pompLe 2. woman
782. Li1 Ef) (fir janauka people; [children]
748. nu Li 7 peeru 1. name2. person (used with numbers
as a classifier in thecolloquial style)
2. FamIyand
352.WLJW kuTumpam family
753. cw ip do appaammaa parents
361. d IkoRante child
763. vJu.iór payyan boy, son
746. Li 60.-zn- poNNu d_a_aglLt_f_r_; girl; bride
818. LO TT L.-J 1.5)6* °Tr maappLe bridegroom; husband; youn er
brother-in-law
276. Z3 001 0-hr4:17-- V iiTTukkaararu husband
811. LIOmanevi, poNTaaTTi wife
510. Erre taattaa grandfather
26.
paaTTi grand other
appaa father
ammaa mother
atte
97
112
father's sister, mother-in-law(husband's mother), older womanon father 's side
820. LOJT LO n- maamaa
821. rr LE)
19. 04r
20.
2. irT25. 0/ T 96 n-faTir
495. Lb1=9
482. 0-1
780. i-C3 %Ter
779. LO 56 6-47
799. 1.13 LD Ezertir
798' iff) 6Tr
uncle, other's brother,father sister's husband,father -law
maami mother's brother's wife,mother-in-law
aNNan, aNNaa elder brother
aNNi elder brothe 's wife
akkaa elder sister
attaaa elder sister's husband
tampi younger brother
tankacci, tanke younger sister
makan son
maka(L) daughter
marumakan son-in-law le cross-cousin,
nephew
marumaka(L) daughter-in-law; female cross-cousin, niece
756. CU 9--01;T: peeran grandson
758. d peetti granddaughter
3. Roles and Occu ations
664. 11 ip 619 patavi position, post, ronk, station
562. 6)e5rr vecle work, occupation, profession
980. n')J°20-0 veele work, job, employment
40. 4WO-EPc6-1- raajaa king
78. igi rfi al 9- aaciriyar, vaadyaar editor, author; teacher, lecturer
184. Cr (1-0 fr Oirr ecamaan master, boss, lord
328. E5ri FA w 11C) kaaryatarici secretary
334. 6 iTC/JOV pooliisu the guard, police
,98
113
536.cr
dore person in authority
581. 11(($)0- naccattram film star
sneeytan friend582. i5t5wrLjovT
734. 1-4C-U61J
757. d:Li9-11-0)ftOU
793. 11)0Inc)
815. WITM-1-671-1ffr
LQ rror900. cai oz;--r Q217) onr
945.- c)S)e,LJrrL!rrfl
960. CS fT Gri$7
967. OCUOTO iVrL L- n
4. Related Words
415.
60.
pulavar, polavar
prafacaru
mantiri
poet, learned man
professor
minister (of state
maaNavan student
maaNavi student
doopi, vaNliaan washer an, dhobi
vyaapaari
viiran
veLikkaarar
merchant
hero
foreigner
camuukam community, society (in gene -1)
kuuppiTu invite
eeRe poor person ealth)
kaRakam
345. keRavan
354. kuTTi
373. ffL :Lth kuuTTam
408. 01 6. canti
473. 2/1--) caati
566. 95 fr E,91 tooRame
99
114
association, corporation,corporate body, party, (fan_
club
old man
small girl
crowd group; meeting; tribe
meet
caste fad_
friendship, companionship
661. LJLLL
681. LJ cr LO LJ
812. La o;7- 611+7 6.
844. LI L. 1104T
902. CiLJ1
959. og
paTTam
parampare
manni:
muTTaaLu
vayacu
viiTu
100
115
(an) honor, title, degree;nickname
generation
excuse + nom., + acc.forgive, pardon (+ nom., dat.)
stupid person, fool
years old, years (of age); age
household
SECTION THREE. Biology and the orld
N. Animals and Plants
1, Animals
829.
18. artii)
93 jba,L0
83. .4b
207. cra4
306.
357.
359. )g430.
ffi La
585.
598. r nrbo
647.
699.
735.
744.
827.
814.
850.
883. GU IT arrr
696. L1I1J314. 1-7-tEi, an Et)
399. ea rr
mirukam animal, beast
aNilu squirrel
aame turtle, tortoise
aaTt goat, sheep
eli rat, mouse
kaRute donkey
kutire horse
koranku monkey, ape
sinkam lion
nari fox, jackal
naayi dog
pacu cow
panni pig, hog
puli tiger, panther
puune cat
maanu deer
maaTU ox, bovine
moyalu rabbit, hare
yaane elephant
parave bird
kaakkaa(y) crow .
kooRi chicken, fowl
101
116
835.
742.
707.
690.
154.
220.
384.
737.
urrthqa-i) 6-151
eji
rr
1-16)
miinu fish
puucci insect, bug
paampu snake
palli lizard, esp. gecko
ii fly
erumpu ant
kocu mosquito
pugu worm, maggot
313. 'karma RaNTt
354. kuTTi
see also Food (PM
452. 6) LL ceTi plant
313. karma kaNTu sapling
736, puliu grass
795. 0 -Lb maram tree
801. eD0151 073) mallike jasmine
852. CT-0 2411) mulle (Arahian) jasmine
rose
3. Animal and Plant Parts see also $ody Parts_ Q.1))
leaf
unripe fruit; vegetables
g1-42. Plants
calf
young of most animals
889. 6 IT fr 2 rr roojaa
134.
324. rruJ
383.
392. ØrrL :a
489. T
565. g
ele
kaayi
kavvi
kompu
taNTu
toolu
102
hand, arm; trunk (of elephant)
horn; branch
stalk
skin, hide, leather; bark, rind.
peel
691. Li
741.
854.
855.
859.
926. 0-11 n-0-0
940. 6307)
978. 6'11
4. Related Wo
711. ij 01_,
553.
843.
123.
695. LI? 8.
708. Lfrrai2.
870. Cind.12. /6.
ds
paRam
puu(vu
moLe sp_ ut, shoot
mullu
muukku
vaalu
vete
veeru
ripe fruit, fruit
flower
thorn, prickle
nose; bill, beak (of bird)
tail
seed (of plants)
root
paalu milk
teenu honey
muTTe egg
eyarke nature, disposition
para fly
paayi leap, spring, jump
meeyi 2. graze, eat (grass or grain)
6. graze, feed (of cattle. etc. )
O. Land
1. AgTI__cillture
331. It TO Li) kaalam season
564. a (1-71:-Z-- tooTTam garden, grove-
611. ne lam soil, (agricult al) land, ground
paddy, _unhusked rice, rice in
the field
payiru crop, grain (while growing) ;any useful plant (annuals only)
632.
679. U (-15)
903. vayalu field (with b undaries) esp.
paddy field103
ii
919. enr-5 2. /6.
2. Geography
800. 201-)
789. LO 0.-Wr
vaLaru-
male
NNu
295. ffia) kallu
vaRi
teru(vu
rooTu, caale
kaTalu
46.2rJ ale
530. tiivu
kare
tore
918. DJ
545. C)7@
428. err- 20-0
261. a Lcrb
291. ffiar)
539. Cn
2. grow (intr.) 6. raise
mountain, hill
earth, soil, dirt
stone, rock
way, path
street
road, high ay
sea, ocean
wave
island,
bank, shore; border, boundary
harbor
836. E6 W mokam mouth of river, entrance toharbor
101. [ob1A3 ] aaru [obi. aattu] river; way, road (in general)
362. @CFI Zol koLam tank, pond, pool
340. g)0-0741) keNaru well (for water, etc.
3. Weather
10.4'(4 6. sTL- blvw of wind), fall (of rain),beat down (of sun)
aakaayam aakaacam sky
thunder
iTi thund
kaattu breeze, wind; air, atmosphere
75. EZI-rtthL
108.
335-. Fr_
698. LJ 019any form of precipitation excapt
ratrirt
1. pani 17.-7ew, snow, frost
2. mancu 2. fog, mist
3. aysu ice104
1A2
749. 1. peyyi (peyya, pencu ) rain
802. Laao maRe rain
833. 419 irrr crzrr 0'1) minnalu lightning
868. LA9 451:n meekam cloud
965. C) a5) veylu heat of the sun, sunshine
105
120
1. Foods
_ . gniiu
711. Li MI))
497.
629. -=
878. d rr
964. Ginj
42. A 99
165. 1=)
189. GT a7;07 20tYr
208. Gr6LH/5-16Ln
260. L-0
324. E6 rrt.L1
325. ET, rroli
343.
419. g 9-
490. coo r
518.
548.
553.
632.
684.
691.
rr II ff-
Eprr-3-1261-ro--1
caappaaTu food
paalu milk
tayiru yoghurt, "curd"
neyyi ghee, clarified butter
mooru buttermilk
veNNe butter
arici uncooked (but husked) rice
uppu salt
eN-Ne oil
elumiccam lime, lemon [used mostly in cpds.]
kaTale peanut, "ground nut"
kaayi unripe fruit, vegetable
kaaykari vegetable (used for cooking)
keRanku tuber, potato, edible root
cakkare sugar
taNNi water
draacce grape(s
teenkaa coconut [frozen cpd.]
teenu honey
nellu paddy, unhusked rice, rice inthe field
paruppu pulse,'dal: any lentil/pea
paRam ripe fruit, fruit
106
1 1
Lq Olif
783. In 5 Ef-eny
819. up nr
830. Ocr-rr ritij845.
927. rT 019
961. oi 1-rojil)
966. @ill cry cru
146.
83.Fc
349. 6 a, Fr Lp
835.
309. Ef)
322. rr
426. cEF rr1nLJrrr
470.
477.
eXrr89..I
563. rr er-
884.
888. Fr IL
Utensils etc.
13. L11.4
puLi LawarLnu
manca(i.u) turmeric
maam - mango [usually epd.j
moLakaa °chillies; ed pepper
muTTe egg
vaaRe banana =ree [usually cpd.]
venkaayam onion
vellam Mjaggery,u brown sugar
kari
&silt
kooRi
miinu
iDLi
kari
meat
goat, sheep ; mutton
chicken, fowl
fish
idli, a steamed rice cake
any dish served with rice, curry;
any meat dish, meat
kaap(p)i coffee
caampaar sambar, a lentil sauce
cooru (cooked) rice
Tii tea
dooce dosa, a thin pancake
racam rasam, a thin soup
roTTi bread, roti, chapatti
aTuppu
107
122
place for cooking fire,
286. E6Fraar 4
LL350.
476.
u p7.
715. rr 20-trr
706.
3. Related Words
416. &fin4D 6.
54. 4105) 2.
441. 65i-G1 4.
323.-
364.
424.
263.
rrcii 2.
elf)
1-1-L11130 4.[ür 5= ]
6.cl
527.'$/
5..
645. LI6.
134.
347. &ea) 7
448. 6-/-1
466. oin 0-1.1
487.
karaNTi
koTam
looTTaa
paattram
paane
came=
cuTu
kaayi-
kuldru-
caappiru
kaTiz
ti (nu
ele
kiloo
cove, ruci
cayvam
taTTU
108
123
spoon
pot, any rounded vessel
cup, tumbler
(metal) pot, vessel
(clay) pot (with wide mouthand rounded bottom)
cook, prepare
2. be boiled, steamed; 6. boil,steam, cook in water
be hot, feel hot, be burnt;heat, bake, roast; burn (as of
food)
be hot, heated; dry out wither
be cool, be cold
eat, have a meal
bite, chew
eat (not a al), snack
be hungry [imp.v. .42dat.)
leaf; banana leaf plate
kilogram
taste, flavor
vegetarianism; a vegetarian
plate, tray, any shallow open
vessel
648. paccefresh, raw, cool (of water
738, L.10-14)puLi sourness
254. CblLL-CO ooTTal(u) restaurant
423. &ill-WIT& al] caappaaTu meal, dinner
948. cis)031 viruntu feast; food for guest
764. G11-I rr poTi powder, dust
624. rr taNNi fluid, liquid
351. L-9 6. kuTi drink
973. P!enitk.
vee be cooked parcook); be hot
Q. ALILcaTa2ialYtgl
1. Body Parts
157. a L.. CU oTampu body
tale head
ucci top; crown of head
muTi hair (of head)
mokam face
netti forehead, _low
kaNNu eye
kaatu ear
muukku nose
vaayi mouth
otaTu lip
naakku tongue
pallu tooth
kaRuttu neck
!Tc 7- croi toNTe throat
500. Vau156.
840. Co836.
C.43 111
6.)T r2633.
277. Eb
320.
859.
924.
162.
597.
688. u 6-0
307. EEI
559. 6)109
124
44. ,5i rfn 7 are hal waist
109. ctm, L:i iTuppu hip
110. Mao i_ mid-trunk
565a. 6 IT r;--) tooLu shoulder
643. 11 ifD ty- I:6 pakkam side
784 . La 4 maTi lap
822. Lin rr 7 14 maaru chest, bosom, breas t
827. g ,-§,@ mu tuku (the) back
904. C)JLSJ vayru stomach, belly, abdomen
333.
383, ORD 95
11. £'iLq
947. a 7 oi)
569.,
360.
128.
209.
565.
809.
r5 CL)
kaa (Lu) leg, foot
kayyi hand, arm
aTi foot
veralu f inger, toe
nakam, nekam (finger )nail
koralu voice
otayam heart (the organ
elumpu bone
tooth skin
manam, manaeu mind, heart, will
2. Health and Medicine
169. 2_ LL.9 Jj uyiru life
860. 6-- ur muuccu breath, life
753. nlj cDJ 4, peru give birth to
721. IS) rp 7. pera be born
928. C2317 1..S 7. nellaa iru
110
125
live [ thrive, prosper I
144. Qfp 7 era die
422. &Fr Irr. caa (caaka, cettu) die nonpolite)
471. Fietk-16° cavkkyam (good) health, well-being
355.
944.
914.
130. b0071i
326. 5 7 LL EF- 6-b
tiO
rr$-)
729. L4
913, Gil 6. Imp.
638. g 1,
797. IL g).1
177, a'
goNam quality; healthfulness
viyaati sickness, disease
vali pain, ache
irumal cough
joram fever
puNNu wound
vali smart, pain, ache (1- dat)
noo (noova, nontu) feel pain, ache
maruntu medicine, remedy
uuci
80. aaspattri
256. abeb4n_orY1) kakkuusu
3. Related Words
316. 5 rr tF)
143. cn- I-12
442. 1.0Up
59. &ign),Eg
363. (8047 6.
308,
537.
614
olj 6.
579.
needle; innoculation
hospital
latrine
kaacci sight, vision
eLame youth, ia aturity
tuppravu cleanness, purity
aRukku dirt, filth
kuLi bathe
kaRuvu- wash
tove wash clothes do laundry
naTe walk, pace
111
126
SECTION FOUR. Things
R. Artifacts
1. Tools achines and Miscalaneous Artifacts
95. 1LLU aayutam
121. Oi antram machine
kaariyam thing, matter
425. Ep m rr orr caamaan baggage, one's things
to l
329. rT JL
45. 446-01117 alamaari *almirah; wall cabinet
aaNi nail
uuci needle
273. Eb kaTTilu cot, bedstead
281. ES katti knife
282. ES kattiri scissors
285. Et L4-51, kay(i)ru rope, cord
286. uz,7 karaNTi spoon, ladle
290. CD Licu 6-31 ff.) .boorTu blackboard
320. rr gd kaatu ear; handle
349. g) kucci peg, splinter, twig
tiikkucci a match
350. koTam pot, any _ unded vessel
372. kuuTe basket
386. G-)alrr Ly- koTi flag, banner
400. tEiEilz69- cakkram wheel
429. 2;a61.5) caavi key
476. L. Li) or 9- looTTa cup, tumbler
484. 4 taTi stick, staff
85. &b
177.
112
127
487. taTTu
491. I tanti
353. E50-6)/_ koTe
601. fT Ef) naakkaali
659. LIGEBMErc. paTukke
686. Lin) on U5 palake
plate, tray
telegram, cable
umbrella
chair
bed, couch
board, plank
706. UffffHJLO paat tram metal pot, vessel
715. Un- 2arr paane (clay) pot
728. 1-4 1-: 14 buTTi, baaTTlu bottle
743. 4 C-° puuTTu lock
745. G) LI L: 4 peTTi box
760. 6-61 Li payyi bag
778. LJ1-1-0-iir Loon phone, telephone
786. L. C67319 maNi bell, gong; gem; hour
831. LrLlL balbu lightbulb
841. 0 4 4- Bri- muTiccu knot
889. 6,,A6-0-) meeje, meece table, desk
930. CB [-I- n-F) vaaLi bucket
931. C1111- (7) reeTiyoo radio
933. 6tp viciri fan
956. d161T lib@ veLakku lamp, light
346. flLD L-4 3. keLampu- start, begin (of a machine)
128113
2. Transpor tat_ion and_ Travel
719. a ry on- L:13
145. .& frai 3.
232. GTe3 3
253. 3.
283. E5 L:1 Li
330. Eb n fj-
465.
649. U CR)
651. LI
3.
740. Lip 4.
769. e rr /Irr.
771. LI a Ei).@ 611/T
885. 14-9
899. Gil oitrr
943. cjS'ftarrôin-
prayaaNam travel, journey
eranku- descend, get out (of a vehicle)
eeru- ascend, enter (a vehicle, etc. )
ooTu- run
kappalu ship
kaaru car, bus
caykkiL bicycle
bassu bus
paTaku boat
porappaTu set out, start (a journey)
p00 go
pookkuvarattu traffic, transpor t
rayilu railway
vaNTi vehicle, cart
vimaanam airptlane
Dress_ Clothint, and_Ornament
17. airl9 2. pooTu
59. Esg aRukku
291. kare
304. 3. kaRat tn-
383. CC) 85 kayyi
406. .19. LL OW) caTTe
445. FiT@FEJE 9. cur unku-
456. tqf ceruppu
533.(41)+1
tuNi
1
114
wear, put on
dirt; dirty laundry
border ; bank, shore
take off, remove
hand, arm sleeve
shirt, blouse
shr nk, wrinkle
'chappals," sandals
cloth, clothes
535.
554. ar) 6.
572. 051 Et,
627. iVOJ
650. U
662. 11 EGI
727. Li L_ 6n 6-11
714. Li rr ni ro-->
784. W
823. LD ir 201)
848.
886.
975.
877. CLO Fr
tuNTu
tey
flake
nuulu
pancu, panci
paTTil
poTave
paavaaTe
maTi
maale
muttu
ravikke
veeSTi, veeTTi
mootiram
115
130
tow-
sew
piece of clo h
jewelry
thread, yarn
cotton
silk
sari
skirt, petticoat
lap; pocket flap of a vZSTi
garland, necklace
pearl
sari blouse, choli, bodice
dhoti, a man's lo er garment
(hand) ring
173.
131.
Materials and Construction
me al
iron
1. Mate ials and Subatances_
Lcclun7Ebt_io
gif) L-4
ulookam
irumpu
453. 0 (T Lio LI cempu copper
478.T 135 17 16
takaram tin
480. 1-711a Li() tankam, ponnu gold
718. al 1$ ?OTT pittaLe brass
968. 6)6-2-.1 CM9 veLLi silver
189. croaj gmr eNNe oil
278. McfniTLT9 4 k NllaaTi glass
295. Efiab kallu stone, rock
565. g T IT al) toolu skin, bark; leather
764. 0 LI n- 4 poTi powder, dust
789. LICLaior maNNu earth, soil, dirt
795. L.o 17 th maram tree; wood
879. 670 0 mayyi ink
116
131
2. ILlilAirIgA
259. 26 /_:L. L. Lb kaTTaTam (a) building; construction
370. al_ Lt.)) kuuTam hall, large building
80. LJ fl rn aaspattri hospital
398. 6A Fr ttS) 6--' kooylu temple
694. 1Jth-an9 LIO paLLikkuuTam school
297. ,:)4"21),VIT kaaleej(u) college
689. U6JE.E. yuuniversiTTi university
959. CE(g viiIi.1 house
254.
266.
894. C117;-1g)
aapiisu, aafiis office
ooTTal(u ) hotel, restaurant
kaTe shop
banku, bunk bank
3. Parts-of Build_ingi_
13. oia)6q altppu place for cooking fire,stove, hearth
66. a dr ruum room, chamber
256. .415E5ft-671) kakkuusu latrine
370. ui-Lt_Lb kuuTam hall, large room
279. 5 katavu door, shutter
376. Efin- 670 9- kuure roof, ceiling
447. r covaru wall
478. -N647- Oorcrl) jannalu window
117
499.
813.
863.
922.
979.
rr u-o:u
coA6-151
4. Related %lords
tare floor
rmaaTi upper story, upstairs floor,roof terrace
muule corner, angle
vaacal entrance, doorway, gateway
veeli fence
274. kaTTU build
85. aaNi nail
278. ff) crozr kaNtiaaTi glass (the material)
284. 55 L6 al kampi, vayru electrical wire
832. 1,A)i-T IT g L-.0 karaNTV electricity
795. ID fp:a maram wood
409. F-fraS1 caavi key
743. L LIG1 puuTTu lock
45. W IT&) alamaari almirahl1 (wall) cabinet withdoors, cupboard; any shelf
933. C 6:---) viciri fan
854. gi2firr moLe peg, post; wedge
q725. crn e5 poke smoke, fume, steam
15. /0T)1--- aTe= shut, close; lock
18a. 0 arol- aN turn off, switch off
616.91-'
niruttu- erect
set, place; turn on (light, etc.772. d. pocau
118
133
SECTION FIVE. Humanities and Sciences
T. Learnin and the Arts
1. Education
298. 65
680. LI
701. Li ITL.th
905. al ijea.)1T0-1
382. f 26 a*r 5.
653. ULL 6.
216. ur
185. GT
551. 3.
78.
757. gLj9-n-Afluj
815. tio rimy al air
w rr
694. U 657- dT±li6 L
297. ab niagr
689. L16:li .$201:4 ErD Zg
paTippu education
payircci training, exercise
paaTam lesson
carittram history
keeLu-z h ar ask
paTi= read; study
eRutu- write take (an exam)
eTu= take; take (a class)
paaspaNNu- pass (an exam)
aaciriyar teacher, author
prafacaru professor
maaNavan student (male)
maaNavi student (female)
paLLikkuuTam school. (building)
kaaleej(u) college
Lfl yuuniversiTTi university
726. LI (7--U Et Lb pustakam book
1. Of a) 7 a DikSanari dictionary
22. 041§1E6M7th atikaaram authority; chapter (of book)
643. ziifi E6 Lb pakkam side; page
652. 11 L 60 paTam picture, map
739. q ôrr rif") pulli point, dot, tittle
119
4
892. C
686. Li 0--Throl ab
745. C) LJ a/-
759. LJ
889. L61
874, cin
132.
264.
280.
302.
555.
594.
674.
702. Li 7 L-
705. UrrIL05
734. L4 °-
vakuppu, klaasu class
palake board
peTT1 box, b --a e
pen(nu peenaa pen
meeje, mecca table, desk
mayyi ink
2. Literature and Writin
LIJ
Philosophy.
62.
161. orffr
188. atrorr
287. as
327. ffililm
365.
366.
505.
3.
3.
elakkyam literature
kaTitam, leTTaru letter
kate story
kavite poetry
toke collection, anthology
naaTakam drama
pattrikke newspaper, periodical
paaTTu poem
paaTTu song
pulavar poet, learned man
teriyum know
nejam truth
nene= think, [count]
nene--; think, consider, have opinion
kaaraNam
kuri=
kurippiTU
goNam
120
cause, reason
mark, indicate,
specify, mention
quality
enore
766. G) 0 7 OLI poy lie, falsehood
767. 6-) LI rr cri-r--- ar t tam meaning; subs tance, matter
891. p1ri7- classify, : divide
939. 05) q;) viti fate ; principle
941. a 6p tIVT iT.118 vit tyaacam d if ference
953 C2-116-119-1:o vevaram details
4. Ar ts and SERr ts
294. kale ar t
404. F-Fr-iitSc- sankiitam music
594. FF,5 rr L- 5! Lb naaTakam drama
577. ri 4 6. naTi dance, act
523. 0-6-)17L-TiLiL_Lin cinimaa movie
652. Li L L] paTam picture : film, movie, photo
705. LJ nr c- paaTTu song
581 . r1-16- naccattram s tar ; film s tar
958. c5 rjtTG 3. veLeyaaTu- play, sport.
773. CLIn- L9 pooTTi contes t, tournament
5. Related Words
63.
81.
97.,Prjr1c-044)122. Uj 6:0
169. a fi
494.L6? S
876. 0 Lito rr
938. 66) g
vififfaanam science, field of knowledge
inkliiS English
aaraacci research
nature; =ology
Uyi u life; vowel
tamiR, tamiLu Tamil
baaSe language, word
liivu leave, vacation
121
136
U. Mind and Behavior
1. Emotions
5. aG-5EFT 3.
36. 010-504;)
70. 0/ H
79. Opo Er-
88. ;ZS
100.
124. Lb
150. 6TU [10
206. GI 2.
259. 1_63311-.0
299. es 20-0
305. 5 6.
319. Er, rr
358. Lh 4.
397. Cffir1ild3
402. U rrsi L
407. a. own- arn
411. BH5 ,5 a Lb
516. SEEIEV 4.
531. Eb (1)
584. r-n Li 3.
606. g- LLJL al
677. u uj
692. Li
717. di
bayappaTu (4) fear
caantam calmness
ampu affection
iSTam desire
aattiram impatience
taNi- be.appeased
erakkam mercy, pity, sympathy
cantooSam delight, j y
ericcalpaTu scorn, be angry
kaTame duty, obligation
kavale worry
kaRi reject; subtract
love
kumpiTu worship
koopam anger
cankaTam embarrassment
caNTe quarrel
canteekam doubt
tiTukkiTu be surprised, star led
tukkam sorrow
nampu- believe, trust, rely on
niccayam certainty
bayam fear
paRi blame
piTikkum (to) like
122
fl7
752. Qll@ci7flhJ O perume pride; greatness; fame
768. 6-) u
775.
781.
794.
796. Ln
962.
977.
287.
tAi rr
6-1=1J-ilT
Mind
312.
619.
762. Li
790. LOUL1794. LLL4JLI 3
803. W rO 7.
809.
poruttukkoo endure, bear with, havepatience, tolerate
pootum be enough
cantooSam joy
mayakkam confusion
mariyaate respect
vekkam shame; modesty
veeNum want (to)
nene= think, consider, have opinion
apipraayam opinion, thought
karpane imagination
kanavu dream
nene think
payttyam madness, insanity
matippu value regard, respect
mayakkam confusion, delusion intoxication
mara forget
manam mind
Perce tions, Feelings.,_ and Behavior
1-M@ 3.
7. )±1-1g 3.
87.1-4
160 2.
193. rt-
aTakku- restrain, control
aTanku- submit, calm down
aataravu support, patronage.
oNaru- .feel, realize, recognise
eturpaarum expect, wait for
123
138
255. Ll 2.
300. a) err 1-CI
301.
318.
355.
358.
381.
407.
448. e4- anOi
507. ö5flQao
509.
544.
568.
61-1 r, 6.
E6 rir
czar C.,0
151G 4.
ei$66)
,ert:il T 6-en
6:T rr orrgb.
576. 1-7 La] liar) ETD
635.
646. LJ
657. LIO 4.
710. urr 6.
733. L4 hF1 IL.1 Lb
770.
923. cu rr a-20r
ooy desist; become
gavanam attention, care
gavanil notice; observe
kaNTupiTi see; find out
gonam quality
kumpiTu worship
geeli joke
caNTe quarrel
cove, ruci taste, flavor
taakam thirst
taanku- bear, endure; sustain
teriyum know (ho
tooNu- seem, appear
naTavaTikke conduct, behavior
neeru straight; upright, honest
paci hunger
paTu suffer; feel
paaru= see, try
puriyum understand
pookku practice; behavior; trend
vaacane smell, odor
124
139
V. Physical _Sciences
1. YllYses (see also: Weather (03))
63. aslLd di)
122. jflJ
401.
832.
'247.
171.
243.
631. 0
725.
viMaanam
='ara
science, field of knowledge
nature; -ology
aakaayam sky
suuriyan sun
cantiran moon
naccattram star
viTi- dawn _s day), rise (of sun
cakti
rrçrLu karaNTTu
veLiccam
ruupam
cattam
ULI neruppu, tii
poke
2. Measurement
61. 01617r(CLI
272. ebt:
347. &60-1)r-r
367.
535.
538.
617.
6.
power, energy
electricity
light
image; reflection
sound, noise
fire
smoke
aLavu measure, limit
kaTTi lump, clump, mass
kiloo kilog am
kpre-/ 2) be lacking; 6) reduce, cut o
tuNTu pieee, bit, slice; towel
. tuLi (a) drop; a very little
nere- become full, overflow
125
140
Movement Verbs of Motion
120. Ld Eb ES
82.
145. g)
179. afEE fr?
232. 0.J
236. 6T fp
258. ffi
274. EE./.1
292. Ebni
eyakkam movement
2./6. ace-/
aaTu-
eranku-
uuttu-
ecru-
3. eettu-
7 kaTa
kaTTu-
kala
3.
7.
304. LQ 3. kaRa
408. (TIT canti
454. G) EP. (LI paNNu-, ceyyi-
485. 6. taTu
486. 3. taTTu-
move, shake
move (rhythmically), dance
descend, get down/out of
pour
ascend, climb up enter
raise
pass, cross, go beyond
bind; build
mix
take off, remove
meet
do, make
hinder
tap, clap, pat
521. if3i-H-i 3. tiruppu- turn (tr.)
522. 6 1:"1 3. tirump- turn, return intr.)
525. T 7. tera open
540. gir Eb 3. tuukku- lift up; weigh
2. toTaru- continue, follow, pursue
2.16. nakaru-F
557. cAprilj,
574 I-5E0
616.5633.
ni uttu-
626. 2. /6. noRe-rz
769. dij TT irr. (3. ) poo
861. muuTu-
126
1
2) move aside; 6) move, ''shift"
stop; erect
2) enter; 6) poke, make enter
go
cover, close
920. Jrf Irr. vaa come
936.- 051G 4. viTu leave; release; let
955 2. viRu- fall
963. 00j fLG 3 lieTTu- cut, chop
Basic Abstract Nouns_ see also: Adverbs- (F2) and Abstract Quail_ F4))
For other abstract nouns see the relevant section.
28. 44unrui DO
37. 000 1_13 El Li
49. 04 al 1-10
67. ,9,1 E,Li Li 611 Lb
89. ,9,b LJ
96. .0.,b D-L:Duia
163. 6-15)
235. 9- ,--;? rr
257. 6LL327.
368.
493. ,EpLH.4
505. ep crirr bo
529. i51çrü o
589. 6:15) LAO
612.
681. LI 71-0LJ6107
851.
949. eTrT
apaayam danger
ameppu structure; organization
avaciyam necessity, urgency
anuPavath experience; enjoyment
aapattu adve--ity
aarampam beginning
otavi help
tayaar arrangement, preparati
kaSTam difficulty, trouble
4(aaraNam cause, reason
kuttam fault; guilt
tappu mistake, error
goNam quality, condition
tiiviram intensity
laapam benefit
nele situation
parampare tradition, generation
muyarcci attempt, effort
virootam enmity
127
142
X. Basic -Verbs
977.
see also section E, Verbs with S ecial Uses
Op imp. veeNum wan should, 'need (+ dat.)
teriyum know, kne- how to (-* dat.)
imp, muTiyum can, be able (+ instr.)
imp. piTikkum .like dat.)
be enough (-1- dat.)
imp. puriyum understand (.1- dat.)
544. Gap tf) 64 Lb
842. at4t440)
717. 649_ &pg
775. 4irrgi
733.
imp. pootum
10. 01 4 6 aTi strike, beat
58. of 1. aRu weep, cry
68. 4,..g0 Lq 3. anuppu- send
76. 40 Irr. (3) aa(ku) be (so and s become; happen
82. 4(8 3. aaTu= move, dance
127.C:s
7. iru be; stay, wait, remain
145. a rprai 3. vranku= descend, get down/out of
159. aL a5rT y 2. ukkaaru- sit
160. 2. oNaru- feel, realize, recognise
185. cr(3 6. eTU1 take, remove
186. GrL 3. eTTu- reach, reach for
188. Trtritcr .eNNu- count, number;[think, ponder]
215. 0-rg 2. eRuntiru get up; awake, emerge
216. qr9A4 3. eRutu- write
219. OTT/f-)) 2. eri- thro-- throw at
222. GraTT 5. in
232. g(50 3. eeru-
253. 0 3. ooTu-
292. Eb6-0 7. kale
1
128
say, tell, quotative
ascend, climb, get into
run
mix, mingle
308.
317. ff,r-t- LLGA
363.
371. Ern- G
374. Ern_
375. er-n-
383. EiSoT 5.
390. 61E6rraGdi-IrrIrr.
391.- avroivr0 6111r
394. Qrrr 1.
408. 6.
416. cYgo W 6.
424. rT-L 4;
454. GIT6L1 I.
469.
522.
525.
540.
541.
549.
556.
558.
568.
574.
575.
584.
615.
6
01)
rrG
7.
3.
7.
kaRuvu- wash
kaalTu- show, point out
kuLi7z bathe
kuuTu- gather, assemblethinite, join]
kuuTTu= add, bring together; _sweep
kuuppiTU call, shout
keelm hear, listen; ask
koNTupoo take away, take along
koNTaa bring
-(k)koo ram. rker; have, posses
cantil . meet
came: cook
caappiTu eat, have a meal
paNNu-, ceyyi- do, make
collu- say, tell, inform, request
tirumpu- turn; return, go back
tera open
tuukku- lift up, raise; weigh
bxunku- sleep
teeTu- seek, search
aaramp begin, start
toTu touch
tooNu- seem, appear
naTa walk; behave; happen
naTattu- direct; manage conduct, arrange
nampu- believe, trust, rely on
nillu
129
144
stand; stay; cease'
616. jfi.. 5.1 3.
619. 6.
626.jI
LI 2. /6.
653. Li 6.
657. LJ
703. L17(3
710. LI Fr cr
716. i5l 4 6.
720. S ffi 2./6.
721. 3 rp =
7.
753. g 4.
754. 611 ET 3.
769. ei-HT irr. (
772. dd Fro 4.
803. W 7.
839. i9. 2./6=
861. 3.
919. al o-Tr cr. 2. /6.
920. Cll ur Irr.
921. 0-117
niruttu-
nene= think, remember, consider
noRe- - enter; poke, make enter
paTi= read; study
4. paTu suffer; feel, experience
paaTu- sing
paaru= see, watch; try (to)
piTi= catch, take, grab
piri-/ depart; separate, divide
pera be born
peru give birth to
peecu- speak, talk
poo go
pooTu put, place; thro away)
mara forget
muTi-/: finish
muuTu- cover, close
vaLaru-/= grow; raise
vaa come
vaankn- buy, get, receive
4. viTu leave; release; permit
5. vittiTu sell
2. viRu- fall
veLeyeaTu- play game
6. vayyi= put, place, set aside; keep;serve (food
stop; erect; support
936.
950.
955.
958.
983.
130
145
APPENDIX II. High Frequency High Literary Words Not Included in the Core
Vocabulary
984.
985.
986.
987.
it is not
et cetera
therefore
this sort of
988. there is there are
989. EGH rrr existing, being, present in
990. giri- il crowd; society
991. ,Err-15-610-;) on behalf of (post. + obl.)
992. 1-51(p other, different, foreign
993. OLVTG&f time, occasion; sun
994. bp err orr our king
995 La 76) Li@ fl) very large
996. very great, much
146131