Post on 06-Feb-2023
THE INFLUENCE OF EXTRACT SEAGEGRASS ROOT
(Imperata cylindrica) AS ALLELOPATHY TO THE GROWTH
OF GREEN GABBAGE (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis
L)
Submitted for Biology Research
By :
XII IPA 2
Rahma Atikah Okdiza Putri
Shinta Nurlitasari
Syahid Muhammad Ridho
Tandry Syawaluddin
Tengku Fatwa
Yayu Maria Ulfah
DINAS PENDIDIKAN PROVINSI BANTEN
BALAI PELAYANAN PENDIDIKAN KHUSUS PROVINSI BANTEN
SMAN CAHAYA MADANI BANTEN BOARDING SCHOOL
Jalan Raya Labuan KM. 3 Kuranten Pandeglang Banten
Tlp. (0253)5210114/5210110 201
A. Background
Indonesia is an archipelago which is the confluence
of two great oceans (the Pacific Ocean and
SamudraHindia) and flanked by broad land (the
continent of Asia and Australia). It affects the
natural conditions, so a lot of leverage sea winds
bring in a lot of rain but that Indonesia has a summer
climate that is climate influenced by monsoon winds
that are blowing once in every 6 months changing
direction. This causes the dry season and rainy season
in Indonesia. This situation caused many plants
flourish in this country, and led to many wild plants
found along the ground. One of the wild plants that
grow is Seagerass.
Seagerass (Imperata cylindrical) is a kind of sharp-
leaved grasses, which often become weeds in
agriculture. Scientific name is Imperata cylindrica, and
placed in the child's tribe Panicoideae. Known in
English as bladygrass, cogongrass, speargrass,
seagegrass, silver-spike or satintail generally
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called, refers to the flower panicles of white hair
smooth.
Chronic with long grass shoots and scaly, creeping
underground. End (top) shoots that emerge in the land
of sharp pointy, like mine thorns. Short rods, looming
up on the ground and bloom, most often (red) in
purple, often with a bouquet of hair below the book.
Height 0.2 to 1.5 m, in other places may be more.
Leaf blade-shaped line (long ribbons) pointed
lancet, the base narrowed and gutter-shaped, 12-80 cm
long, very rough and jagged edged sharp, long-haired
at base, with large bones and pale leaves in the
middle. Bouquet of flowers in panicles, 6-28 cm long,
with long-haired boy grains (white) lk. 1 cm, As a
floating grain fruit when ripe.
In general, the reeds are used to protect open lands
are easily eroded. Speed of growth, braided reed
rhizomes under the ground, and the leaves cover the
meeting, giving it the benefit of protection required.
Rhizome and roots of the weeds is often used as
traditional medicine, to shed the urine (diuretics),
treatment of fever and others.
Reed can reproduce rapidly, with the seeds quickly
spread with the wind, or through the rhizome which
quickly penetrate the loose soil. Contrary to popular
belief, the weeds do not like to grow in poor soils,
arid or rocky. This grass is pleased with the land was2
fertile, many sunny to slightly shady, damp or dry
conditions. In wet soils or submerged, or are always
shaded, reed did not want to grow. Weed control is
immediately damaged former forest land and open, the
former fields, dry fields, roadsides and others. In
such places the weeds can grow dominant and cover
large areas. The development very fast, because the
production power – either through generative also
vegetatif – very efficient.
B. Problem Statement
How the influence of allelopathy substance at
extract of seagegrass’s root to the growth of green
cabbage.
C. Research Purpose
1. Knowing the effect of giving a solution of extract
of roots of the seagegrass on plant growth green
cabbage.
2. Knowing the difference in green cabbage plant growth
with the effect of differences in volume seagegrass
extracts are given.
D. Research Benefit
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1. To determine the effect of giving a solution of
seagegrass root extract on the growth of green
cabbage.
2. Can tell the difference with the effect of plant
growth green cabbage volume differences seagegrass
extract given.
E. Theory
1.Green CabbageGreen cabbage (Brassica few convar. Parachinensis;
interest-sawian mustard or Brassicaceae) is a type of
vegetable is quite popular. Also known as caisim,
caisin, or mustard meatballs, vegetables are easily
grown and can be eaten fresh (usually withered by hot
water) or processed into sauerkraut (less common).
These vegetables are easy to grow in lowland and
highland. When grown at cool temperatures will rapidly
flowering plants. Because the typically harvested
throughout the body (except the root), is less
desirable properties. Mustard breeding aimed at one of
them to reduce the sensitivity to these temperatures.
Herbaceous annuals are easy to grow.
Perkecambahannya epigeal. When the young grow weak,
but after the third leaf and so will form a half
rosette with stems thick enough, but not woody. Leaves
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elliptical, with the tip usually blunt. Fresh green
color, usually not hairy.
Towards the flowering nature rosetnya somewhat
disappeared, exposing the trunk. The flowers are
small, rocky compound composed. Crown of yellow
flowers, numbered 4 (typical Brassicaceae). Stamens 6,
surrounds the pistil. The fruit resembles a pod but it
has two leaves and the fruit is called siliqua.
Because it is easy to grow and responsive to the
changing environment, green cabbage often used as an
experimental plant for fertilization, crop fertility,
disturbance from inadequate nutrient, and
bioremediation.
Benefits of green mustard, known to contain lots of
fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin B2, vitamin B6,
vitamin C, potassium, phosphorus, copper, magnesium,
iron, and protein. With abortion, the green cabbage
efficacious for preventing cancer, hypertension, and
heart disease, help the health of the digestive
system, prevent and treat disease pellagra, and
prevent pregnant women from anemia.
Green cabbage has a different name in every country.
In Indonesia it called mustard greens, mustard
meatballs, caisim, caisin. In United Kingdom called
false pakchoi, mock pakchoi. In Thailand it called
phakkat kheo Kwangtung. In china it called cai xin.
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Scientific Classification of Green Cabbage
Kingdom : Plantae (Plants)
Subkingdom : Tracheobionta (vascular plants)
Super Division : Spermatophyta (seed Produce)
Division : Magnoliophyta (flowering plants)
Class : Magnoliopsida (dashed two / dikotil)
Sub Class : Dilleniidae
Order : Capparales
Family : Brassicaceae (cabbage-tribe sawian)
Genus : Brassica
Species : Brassica few var. parachinensis L.
2.SeagegrassPlant grass or weeds more we know as plant pests or
weeds. These plants like rice but do not have seeds.
This one turned out to plant a lot of benefits, so you
know how to process them.
During this uncomfortable with people who burn crops
and weeds is usually another grove, or cuted out. But
if the roots are still strongly embedded in the
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ground, this effort is actually wasted. It will grow
again and rising, scattered and fulfil entire land.
a. Chemical content of the reeds
Results of research on this plant mentioned that
seagegrass root (Imperata cylindrica) has nutrition likes
protein 1,54 %, energy 3728 kkal/kg, SK 0,24 %, fat
0,29 %, Ca 0,16 % and P 0,28%. metabolit that found in
seagegrass root has consisted of arundin, ferfenol,
flavonoid, kampesterol, stigmasterol, ß-sitosterol,
katekol, sour oksalat, cittrate, potassium (0,75% from
BK), a large amount of calcium and 5-
hidroksitriptamin. From watchfulness result other
towards root and leaf is found 5 descendant kinds
flavonoid that is descendant 3’ ,4’ ,7-trihidroksi
flavon, 2’ ,3’ -dihidroksi kalkon and 6-hidroksi
flavanol. A descendant flavonoid possibility belongs
group flavon, flavonol substitusion in 3-OH, flavanon
or isoflavon found in extract faction that dissolve in
etilasetat seagegrass root (Imperata cylindrica). In
extract faction that dissolve in seagegrass root water
(Imperata cylindrica) found compound group flavon without
cluster OH free, flavon, flavonol substitusi in 3-OH,
flavanon, or isoflavon (Anonymous, 2003). seagegrass
root (Imperata cylindrica) also aqueous (81,00714%),
carbohydrate (6,3072%), fiber (5,8580%), ash
(1,1301%), monitol, K compound, sacarosa glucose,7
malic acid, citric acid, arundoin, cyllindrin,
fernenol, simiarenol and anemonin (Mursito, 2000).
With those contents, the reeds are antipyretic
(reduces temperature), diuretics (urine shed),
hemostatic (stops bleeding), and eliminating water.
b. Savor the reeds
Parts used for medical drugs are the roots. In fact,
its roots can be used to lowering the temperature,
launched urine, stop bleeding, and as a remedy for
bleeding at the nose, spitting blood, gonorrhea
(gonorrhea), hepatitis, kidney infections.
c. How to cultivate the weeds
Tree roots are boiled grass with enough water and
drink the remaining half after the cooking water and
allowed to cool. If necessary, be mixed with a little
brown sugar (Sugar) or with a little honey.
According to Professor Hembing, traditional medicine
and acupuncture, reed of seagerass efficacious as a
remedy for various health problems, such as kidney
stones, kidney infections, bladder stones, gall
stones, urinating is not smooth or continuous, the
urine contains blood, prostate, leucorrhoea, whooping
cough, coughing blood, nosebleeds, bleeding in women,
fever, measles, hepatitis, hepatitis, high blood8
pressure, nervous weakness, asthma, pneumonia,
coronary heart disease, indigestion, diarrhea, etc.
Scientific Classification of Seagegrass (Alang-alang)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Liliopsida
Order : Poales
Family : Poaceae
Genus : Imperata
Species : Imperata cylindrical
3.AllelopathyAllelopathy is the interaction between populations,
when the population is one generates substances that
can inhibit the growth of other populations. For
example, around the walnut tree (juglans) are rarely
covered in other plants because these plants produce
substances that are toxic. In microorganisms known as
anabiosa allelopathy term or antibiotisme. Example,
the fungus Penicillium sp. can produce antibiotics
that can inhibit the growth of certain bacteria.
a. Mechanism of Allelopathy
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Allelopathy phenomena include all types of chemical
interactions between plants, between microorganism, or
between plants and microorganisms (Einhellig, 1995a).
According to Rice (1984) The interaction include
inhibition and pacing directly or indirectly, a
chemical compound formed by an organism (plants,
animals or microbes) on the growth and development of
other organisms. Chemical compound that plays a role
in the mechanism is called allelochemical.
Allelochemical influence is selective, the effect on
certain types of organisms but not against other
organisms (Weston, 1996).
Allelochemical in plants established in various
organs, possibly in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers
and or seeds. Forming organs and species-specific
allelochemical on each species. In general
allelochemical are secondary metabolites which are
grouped into 14 categories, namely water-soluble
organic acids, lactones, long-chain fatty acids,
quinone, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, cinnamic
acid and its derivatives, benzoic acid and its
derivatives, coumarins, phenols and phenolic acids,
nonprotein amino acids, sulfides, and nucleosides.
Alelochemical release generally occurs at a certain
developmental stage, and the levels are influenced by
biotic and abiotic stress (Einhellig, 1995b).
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Allelochemical in plants released into the
environment and achieve the target organism through
evaporation, root exudation, leaching, or
decomposition. Any type of removable alelochemical
specific mechanism depends on its constituent organs
and form or chemical nature. Mechanism allelochemical
influence (especially that block) on the growth and
development of organisms (especially plants) target
through a series of fairly complex process, but
according to Einhellig (1995b) The process begins at
the plasma membrane with the chaos structure, membrane
channel modification, or loss of enzyme function ATP-
ase. This will affect the absorption and concentration
of ions and water which then affects the opening of
the stomata and the photosynthetic process. The next
obstacle may occur in the process of protein
synthesis, pigment and other carbon compounds, as well
as the activity of some plant growth substance. Some
or all of these obstacles and lead to the disruption
of cell division and enlargement which eventually
inhibit plant growth and development targets.
Allelopathy certainly beneficial for species that
produce it, however detrimental to the target plant.
Therefore, plants that produce alelochemical generally
dominate certain areas, so the general residential
population is the population of plants producing
alelochemical. Given this interaction process, the11
absorption of nutrients and water in plants producing
terkonsenterasi alelochemical and certain plants
tolerant to this compound.
Allelopathy compound formation process is really a
process of interaction between species or
antarpopulasi that show an ability of organisms to
maintain survival by competing with other organisms,
both in terms of diet, habitat, or in other cases.
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F. Research Methodology
a. Materials
1. 9 Polly bags
2. Soil
3. Scissors
4. Paper and pen
5. Seed of green cabbage
6. Extract of seagrass’s root
7. Blender
8. Water
9. Compost
b. Methods
1. Prepare all materials and tools that we need for
this experiment
2. Hunting for the seagegrass then divide the root
from the body of plant
3. Cut the root of seagegrass until the size is
little so that easier is to blend
4. Blend the root with water then divide the
extract
5. Prepare 12 polybags that filled by soil
6. Plant the seed at the soil then give the compost
on the soil with the same dosage in all polybags
7. Watering the seed in polybag A with 5ml of
water(control), polybag B with 5ml of water and
5ml of extract seagegrass’s seed, polybag C with
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5ml of water and 10ml of extract seagegrass’s
seed, and polybag D with 5ml of water and 15ml
of extract seagegrass’s seed the extract
8. Do the watering of extract seagegrass’s seed
every day then observe the growth of green
gabbage seed.
G. Research Design
In this research used the technique of
observation and experiment, where does author do
experiment from seagegrass extract influence
towards growth cesin. Then also use observation
technique, where does author watch closely growth
every the day with measures long increase from
every plants that given treatment differ in every
our treatment uses each 3 plants.
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Informati
Collecting
H. Schedule
Table 1. The Schedule of Planting and Observing
Activity
Time Activity EffectAugust 5, 2012 Collecting
Materials
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Experiments using different growing
ControlWater
Water 5ml + extract seagegrass
Water 5ml + extract seagegrass
Water 5ml + extract seagegrass
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
C1
C2
C3
D1
D2
D3
Preparation of
reports
Observation
August 6, 2012 Planting
process and
wateringAugust 7-12,
2012
Watering All plants have
the same level
in heightAugust 13, 2012 Giving
treatment
All plants have
the same level
in heightAugust 14, 2012 Watering and
giving
treatment
Imbibition of
seed
August 15, 2012 Watering and
giving
treatment
Germination of
seed
August 16-18 Watering and
giving
treatment
Growth process
August 19, 2012 Measuring
process
Each plants have
difference level
in height
I. Data Analyze
The result calculation of watchfulness is done by
using this following formula.
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JKT=∑i=1
k❑∑
j=1
nxij2−
T2
nk
JKT=∑i=1
k Ti2n
− T2nk
JKT=JKT−JKK
Explanation:
JKT : Jumlah Kuadrat Total
X2ij : Pengamatan ke-j populasi ke-i
T2 : Total semua pengamatan
JKK : Jumlah kuadrat kolom
JKG : Jumlah kuadrat galat
nk : Banyaknya anggota secara keseluruhan
T2i : Total semua pengamatan dalam contoh dari
populasi ke-i
n : Banyaknya pengamatan / anggota baris
Table 2. The Kind Analyze in one way
classification with the same data
Sumber
Keragaman
Jumlah
Kuadrat
Deraja
t
Bebas
Kuadrat
Tengah
F Hitung
Nilai
Tengah
JKK k-1 S21=JKK /
(k-1)S2
1 / S22Galat JKG K(n-1) S2
1=JKK /
(k(n-1)
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Total JKT nk-1Table 3. The Influence of seagegrass Towards
Plant Heigh (cm)
No
.
Days A
water
5ml
(cm)
B water 5ml
+ extract
seagegrass
5ml (cm)
C water 5ml
+ extract
seagegrass
10ml (cm)
D water
5ml +
extract
seagegra
ss 15ml
(cm)1 1 4 4 4 42 2 4.5 4 4 43 3 5 4.5 4 44 4 5.2 4.8 4.2 4.15 5 5.5 5 4.4 4.26 6 6 5.3 4.5 4.3
Table 3. The Summary of Plants Growth
Observation
Groups Count Sum Average VarianceGroup A 6 27.6 4.6 0.284Group B 6 25.1 4.183333 0.049667Group C 6 24.6 4.1 0.016Group D 6 30.2 5.033333 0.506667
Table 4. The Result Calculation of Green
Cabbage (Brassica rapa) Using Anova Single Factor
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Source
of
Variat
ion
SS d
f
MS F P-
value
F crit
Betwee
n
Groups
3.3179
173
1.1059
72
5.1660
83
0.008
323.098391
Within
g
Groups
4.2816
67
2
0
0.2140
83
Total 7.5995
83
J. Discussion
The research that we do aim to determine whether a
substance may inhibit alelopati vegetables or crops or
not, researchers in this study used a sample of green
cabbage. Of the results obtained, it is true that the
extract of the roots of seagegrass that contain
allelopathy can inhibit the growth of green cabbage in
a period of 6 days. It proved after we give treatment
in the form of watering allelopathy extract every day
for 6 days as the 5ml for sample B1, B2, B3, as the
10ml for sample C1, C2, C3, and as much as 15ml for
sample D1, D2, D3, and none extract for sample A1, A2,
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A3 as controll.
The result shown that the sample D1, D2, D3 which
researchers gave root extract 15 ml of seagegrass
root’s extract grow shorter than the other samples.
Whereas sample A1, A2, A3 as controll grow taller
because we do not provide treatment. Each plant in a
group show almost have the same height on each plant,
therefore researchers claim that in every group of
plants grow well with the soil conditions and the
granting of equal treatment on all three, so that the
three plants in one group grows to the same level of
height.
K. Summary
According to the report Eussen (1978) that compounds
that are found in allelopaty of seagegrass root’s
extract consist primarily of phenolic compounds such
as vanilat acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, p-kumarik and
ferulik acid. Then, Wattimena (1988) states that these
phenolic acids may inhibit seed germination, stem
extension and root and shoot formation. From the
results of the study, the researchers did conclude and
observed green cabbage that we give different
treatment experienced difference growth in each sample
that we tested. It means, the allelopathy of the
seagegrass’s root (Imperata cylindrica) is inhibits the
growth of green cabbage (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L).20
L. Study Literature
Ardi; K. Ohsawa and G. Ismail, 1995. Response of
several annual broadleaf weeds to allelopathy of
alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L) Beauv) Jurnal
Stigma 3 (1): 85-89.
Dove,M.R dan Sugeng M. 1987. Manusia dan Alang-Alang di
Indonesia. Yogyakarta : Gajahmada University Press.
Eussen, J. H. H. 1978. Studies on the tropical weed
Imperata cylindrica (L) Beauv var. major Ph. D.
Thesis. Utrecht University. The netherland.
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