Post on 21-Jan-2023
Bird Species Richness on the Wae Wuul Nature ReserveFeri Irawan
145
Bird Species Richness on the Wae Wuul Nature Reserve :Using Simple Method in Helping the Official Authority do Long-Term
Monitoring1
Feri Irawan2
ABSTRACT
Wae Wuul Nature Reserve (WWNR) is one of the Important Bird Areas (IBA) in the northern part ofNusa Tenggara. This area represents the natural grassland ecosystem on the island of Flores.However, the data and information related to bird species diversity is still limited. The objectives ofthis study were to determine the bird species richness rapidly and introduce a simple survey methodto the official staff for further monitoring. The birds inhabiting the Wae Wuul area were surveyedbetween July, 31 and August, 4 2012 using random walk approach and 10 birds species list whichdeveloped from MacKinnon list method. A total of 1281 individual birds belonging to 36 families and61 species was recorded, including 10 restricted-bird species and one endangered species. Asignificant proportion of species in the Wae Wuul area were shrub and woodland specialists. Thespecies discovery curve shows the number of species in this area is possible rise up to 80 species.The results demonstrate that the method is good enough to determine the bird species richness andthe relative frequency of a particular bird species. In addition, this method is easy to use by anyoneand suitable for monitoring bird diversity further.
Keywords: Important Birds Area (IBA), bird richness, monitoring, methods
I. INTRODUCTION
Wae Wuul Nature Reserve (WWNR) is proposed to protect the dry grassland ecosystem which isa typical habitat of ancient reptile, the Komodo dragon ( ). In addition, thisregion is also home to one globally threatened species, Flores Crow ( ) and fourrestricted-range bird species (Trainor ., 2000). The existence of those birds makes the areaidentified as one of the Important Bird Areas (IBA) in Northern Nusa Tenggara according to BirdLifeInternational criteria (Sujatnika 1995, Rombang , 2000). Unfortunately, most of them arepoorly known to be entered on such records.
Since Wae Wuul area is proposed to be a conservation area by the FAO / UNDP 1982, theavifaunal survey are generally lacking. The existing data is a list of bird species recorded in 1998 by
1
Institute cooperated with Sam Ratulangi University, Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency, GlobalEnvironment Facility (GEF), Burung Indonesia, Government of North Sulawesi Province and SEAMEO BIOTROP.Manado 5 July 2013.
2 Burung Indonesia Mbeliling Program, c/o Jalan Dadali No 32 Bogor, West Java 16161Corresponding Author: f.irawan@burung.org
146 International Conference on Forest and Biodiversity, 5 July 2013
Trainor and Lesmana (2000) based on their one day visit. At least 37 species of birds were recorded.And the recent studies conducted in 2008 by Purwandana (2008) by involving official staff frommanagement. During ten days observation, they have collected 45 species of birds. Surprisinglyenough, although there are significant differences in effort but the number of species recorded is notmuch different. However, the information from both studies can be used as a reference for furtherresearch, especially related to bird species richness.
Species richness is simply a count of species present in a sample, community, or taxonomygroup (Mc Ginley & Duffy, 2010). It is also widely used as a criterion when assessing therelative conservation values of habitats or landscapes (Brook 2006).
Currently, the management of the area conducted by the Balai Besar Konservasi Sumber DayaAlam, Nusa Tenggara Timur based on Forestry Ministerial Decree Number 427/Kpts-II/1996 datedAugust 9, 1996 with an area of 1484.84 ha and under status as a nature reserves. The manager hasan important role in ensuring the critical value of the area is maintained in the future. Therefore, it isnecessary to assess and monitor biodiversity as part of the management aspects. However, theseneeds are still constrained by capacity issues and budget allocation. Thus, there is an urgent need todevelop a simple and inexpensive method to assess and monitor the condition of biodiversity in thelong term.
The objectives of the study were to conduct a rapid assessment on bird richness in WWNR andsurrounding areas. This study also try to shared knowledge to the official staff about a simplemethod that would be useful for monitoring in the future and it called listing methods.
II. STUDY AREA
Wae Wuul Nature Reserve (WWNR) is administratively located in two rural areas, Warloka andMacang Tanggar, Komodo district, West Manggarai regency. It is about 15 km to the south of thecity Labuanbajo. The location is accessible by dirt road during dry season or sea routes by motorboats from Labuanbajo to Warloka, the nearest villagest on the coast. The altitude of the areas from0m to 300m above sea level.
The annual rainfall less than 800 mm. The small river in the area will dry up during dry seasons.However, there some fairly large rivers in the north and eastern areas are still flowing. The monsoonforest vegetation is usually found along that river, e.g kesambi ( ), kelumpang( ), kapok ( ), asam ( ), dan Ara ( sp.).
WWNR has a diverse range of habitat. Almost the areas covering by natural grassland and insome places also found palm family inside, e.g gebang ( ) and lontar (
). WWNR also has limited area with characterize as deciduous forest, shrubland and inlandwater (swamp, riverine, lake). The landscape is also directly adjacent to the settlement andcultivation areas in eastern and northern part regions.
Bird Species Richness on the Wae Wuul Nature ReserveFeri Irawan
147
CAMP
Titik Pengamatan
Figure 1. Map of Wae Wuul Nature Reserves
148 International Conference on Forest and Biodiversity, 5 July 2013
III. METHODS
This paper is based on rapid bird survey that targeted closed-canopy forest. However largeexpanses of savanna and cultivation in this area were also given priority. Another site, Dolat wetland,was visited briefly in the last day and the results are quite significant for overall effort. This surveywas carried out in Wae Wuul Nature Reserves (WWNR), West Manggarai regency, East NusaTenggara, in three days observation, July 31st to August 2nd 2012.
The observations were made in the morning (from 06:00) and afternoon (from 15:00) by twoteams working who make observations on the path and walking the opposite direction at random.Observers are advised to walk slowly, exploring the areas and record all bird species identified in thelist. Each team consisting two person and lead by an experienced observer to avoid misidentification.Birds identification was refer to Coates and Bishop 1997.
Birds were recorded opportunistically. The relative abundance was assessed from 46 ten-species lists, which adapted from the 20-species lists described in MacKinnon . 2010. The ten-species lists were used to compensate for the relatively low number of species present at the fieldsites. Each lists only includes the first ten bird species observed in a sample area, but same speciesmay also be recorded on a different list. The bird species richness estimated using a speciesdiscovery curve (Bibby 2000). The curve drawn by replacing unit of survey effort with thenumber of lists and plotting this against the cumulative total number of species.
IV. RESULT
A total of 1,281 identifications of 61 bird species were recorded during this survey, yielding 46ten-species Mackinnon lists. These result includes ten resticted-birds species such as Flores Crow( ) which is one of endemic bird in Flores, Brown-capped Fantail ( ),Yellow-spectacled White-eye ( ), White-rumped Kingfisher ( ),Flame-breasted Sunbird ( -owl ( ), Flores minivet( ), Thick-billed White-eye ( ), Black-fronted Flowerpecker( ), and Golden-rumped Flowerpecker ( ). Detail information aboutthese records can be found in appendix 1. Summary of the study are shown in Table 1.
The relative abundance of each species was calculated, and found eleven birds species with thehighest value as shown in Table 2. The higher values of those birds gives a clear picture that theeleven species are fairly easy to find than other species during field observation. All those speciesare often found in open areas (eg cultivated areas, forest edges), and there are only a few speciesare also found in the forest area such as Common Whistler ( ) and WallaceanDrongo ( ).
Bird Species Richness on the Wae Wuul Nature ReserveFeri Irawan
149
Table 1. Summary of three days observations in Wae Wuul Nature Reserve and surroundingareas.
Distribution & Conservation status Number of species
Total of birds species 61
Total of individual birds 1281
Endemic to Northern Nusa Tenggara 10
Endemic to island of Flores 1
IUCN RedList Category (2011)
1. Least Concern
2. Near-threatened
3. Vulnerable
4. Endangered
61
1
-
1
Appendix CITES Category (2011)
1. Appendix II
2. Not evaluated
8
55
National Law Protection (PP no. 7 & 8 1999)
1. Protected
2. Not yet protected
17
46
The results above show clearly that the WWNR are important sites for bird conservation bothlocal, regional and global levels. New record for the five restricted-range birds species in this area
Wallacea region is getting stronger.
The relationship between the species and its habitat are also evaluated briefly. Based on theobservation, about 56 percent of the bird species that were observed live in a open-canopy system(see fig. 2). Bird species that live in the open areas more easy detected than areas with closed-canopy. The open canopy system involved savanna, cultivated area, shurb and forest edges. Theother classes of habitat was closed canopy system that typically as deciduous forest, and the last isinland water (eg. small river, swamp, ponds).
150 International Conference on Forest and Biodiversity, 5 July 2013
The species discovery curve in Figure 3 shows that the curve is likely to rise. This is due to 14new birds recorded in brief visit in wetland area on the last day observation. This suggests that themore varied habitats visited, the opportunities new species observed more increase.
Table 2. List of birds species with the highest relative abundance values.
No. Species List repeatedRelative
abundanceCategory
1 30 0.75 abundant
2 25 0.63 Common
3 24 0.60 Common
4 24 0.60 Frequent
5 24 0.60 Frequent
6 23 0.58 Frequent
7 22 0.55 Frequent
8 21 0.53 Frequent
9 21 0.53 Frequent
10 20 0.50 Frequent
11 19 0.48 Frequent
Finally, by using a logarithmic regression based on the curve, the estimated number of speciesthat can be found in WWNR and surrounding areas are 80 species of birds. Its meant about 76percent of the total birds in this area have been covered in this study. The equation was chosen
Closed area31%
Open area56%
inland water13%
Figure 2. preference.
Bird Species Richness on the Wae Wuul Nature ReserveFeri Irawan
151
because (i) the lack of information about the avifauna in the WWNR, (ii) the study area is quitespacious which is currently not possible to be done thoroughly and (iii) a heterogeneous habitattypes (Bibby 2000).
Figure 3. Species curves from rapid birds survey in Wae Wuul Nature Reserve and surroundingareas during three days observation.
V. DISCUSSION
This study found higher species richness of bird than the previous studies. A total of 61 birds specieswere recorded in the present study including 59 considered resident, and two migrant species suchas Sacred Kingfisher ( ), then Rainbow Bee-eater ( ). The fiverestricted-range bird species also recorded in this study as previously reported. And now, the total toten species because of the new record for the five other restricted-range in the region.
This rapid assessment on bird richness that was carried out in the major groups of habitat in WWNRserve as a valuable measure for determine changes in species richness in long-term bird monitoring.By using listing methods, less skilled observers can still produce lists of species as long as they want.They provide a simple measure of relative abundance as shown in Table 2. Common species willoccur on many lists, and the rare species on only a few.
As shown in Figure 3, the number of bird species will increase when the studies conducted in diversehabitat with sufficient duration of time. It is also important to remember that the detectionprobability of an individual species will be different depend on the habitat types. In an open area,the opportunity to detect the presence of a bird is better than area with dense canopy. In generally,the birds in the forest or closed-canopy system is a cryptic species so that why they are quite difficultto observe.
Although the species curve on Figure 3 shows that the curve is likely to rise, most of the bird speciesthat were common in the WWNR during the time survey had been recorded. It can be seen from thepercentage of the number of species recorded with an estimated value of species richness.
y = 12,329ln(x) + 5,4969R² = 0,9292
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46Number of lists
152 International Conference on Forest and Biodiversity, 5 July 2013
The results presented in this paper provide enough information that the method list is quite easilyapplied by anyone. In addition, The methods is low cost, simple and can provide useful informationfor conservation planning that easy to understand and explain to audiens. However, this approachhas the considerabel weakness to answer certain needs, such as population estimation.
VI. CONCLUSION
The present study gives signigicant results about bird species richness that can be found in theWWNR and surrounding areas. During three days observation using ten-species list, sixty-onespecies was recorded. It includes ten restricted-range birds species for the Northern Nusa Tenggara.Five of them are new records for this site such as White-rumped Kingfisher ( ),Flores minivet ( ), Thick-billed White-eye (Scops-owl ( ) and Flame-breasted Sunbird ( ). The observations of thosebird are valuable information to the ongoing IBA monitoring project as well as managementplanning.
A species richness approach using listing methods can be applied by anyone even for peoplewho have not been able to recognize any bird species well. The methods is low cost, simple and canprovide useful information for conservation planning. The resutl also can be displayed in variousforms of graphs or curves that are easy to understand and explain to others. They are not onlysuitable for rapid assessments of poorly known areas but also can be used in population for long-term monitoring.
ACKNOWNLEDGEMENT
I would like to thanks, Mr. Ora Yohanes, the Head of Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam
Wae Wuul NR. I am also greatful to my teammates; Nur Sita Hamzati (undergraduate student ofSepuluh November Technology Institute) and Faizal Abdul Aziz (undergraduate student of BogorAgricultural University), who assisted in data collection. The study was funded by the Ministry ofForeign Affairs of Denmarks DANIDA through joint program between Dansk Ornithologist Forening(DOF), based in Denmark and BirdLife Indonesian Association (Burung Indonesia).
REFERENCES
Bashari, H. dan K. Nurdin. 2009. Studi Keanekaragaman Hayati di Kawasan Taman NasionalAketajawe Lolobata, Halmahera Maluku Utara. Laporan Teknis No. 05 ProgramKemiteraan untuk Pengelolaan Konservasi di Kawasan TN Aketajawe Lolobata. BurungIndonesia. Bogor.
Bibby, C., M. Jones, S. Marsdens. 2000. Teknik-Teknik Ekspedisi Lapangan Survei Burung.BirdLife International - Indonesia Programme. Bogor.
Burung Indonesia. 2012a. Laporan Kajian Desa Partisipatif (Participatory Rural Apraisal): DesaMacang Tanggar, Kecamatan Komodo Kabupaten Manggarai Barat. Program Pengelolaan
Bird Species Richness on the Wae Wuul Nature ReserveFeri Irawan
153
Bentang Alam Mbeliling yang Produktif dan Berkelanjutan.[internal report]. Labuan Bajo,Flores.
---------------------. 2012b. Laporan Kajian Desa Partisipatif (Participatory Rural Apraisal): DesaWarloka, Kecamatan Komodo Kabupaten Manggarai Barat. Program PengelolaanBentang Alam Mbeliling yang Produktif dan Berkelanjutan.[Internal report]. Labuan Bajo,Flores.
Brook, T.M, R.A. Mittermeier, G.A.B da Fonseca, J. Gerlach, M. Hoffmann, J.F. Lamoreux, C.G.Mittermeier, J.D. Pilgrim & A.S.L. Rodrigues. 2006. Global Biodiveristy ConservationPriorities. Science 313 (5783), 58 61.
Coates, B.J. dan K.D. Bishop. 1997. A guide to the Birds of Wallacea. Dove Publications.Queensland: Australia.
FAO/UNDP. 1982. National Conservation Plan for Indonesia.Volume IV: Nusa Tenggara. FieldReport of UNDP/FAO National Parks Development Project. FAO. Bogor.
Gould, W. 2000. Remote Sensing of Vegetation, Plant Species Richness and Regional BiodiversityHotspot. Ecological Application 10, 1861 1870.
Mackinnon, J., K. Phillipps, dan B. van Balen. 2010. Burung-Burung di Sumatera, Jawa, Bali danKalimantan. Burung Indonesia. Bogor.
Magurran, A. E. 1988. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. Princeton University Press.Princeton, New Jersey.
McGinley, M. & J. E. Duffy. 2010. Species Richness. In Cutler J. (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Earth.(Washington, D.C. Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science andthe Environment). Accessed on June, 10 2013. Retrieved from:http://www.eoearth.org/article/Species_richness.
Mees, G. F. 2006. The Avifauna of Flores (Lesser Sunda Islands). Zool. Med. Leiden 80-3,25.viii:1-261. ISSN 0024-0672.
Monk, K.A., Y. de Fretes, and G. Lilley. 1997. The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku.Periplus: Singapore.
Mukwashi, K. 2011. Rapid Assessment of Bird Richness and Habitat Condition in Tourist Areas inChizarira National Park, Zimbabwe. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa. Vol.13.No.2. Clarion University. Pennsylvania.
Pilgrim, J.P, J.D. Leadley, dan Saifuddin. 2000. Bird Surveys and Conservation Status of FourForest on Flores, Indonesia. CSB Conservation Publications: Cambridge, U.K.
Purwandana, D., Suprihatna, A.A. Husen, K. Suwandi. 2008. Survei Keanekaragaman Hayati diCagar Alam Wae Wuul. Laporan Kegiatan. Balai Besar Konservasi Sumber Daya AlamNusa Tenggara Timur/Komodo Survival Program. Labuan Bajo, Flores.
Reeve, A. 2011. Community Dominance by Range-restricted Bird Species in the Primary Forest ofFlores, Indonesia. unpublished report.
154 International Conference on Forest and Biodiversity, 5 July 2013
Rombang, W.M., C. Trainor, dan D. Lesmana. 2002. Daerah Penting bagi Burung: NusaTenggara. PHKA/BirdLife Indonesia. Bogor.
Statterfield, A.J.,M.J. Crosby, A.J. Long, D.C. Wege. 1998. Endemic Bird Areas of the World:Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation. Birdlife International: Cambridge, U.K.
Sujatnika, P. Jepson, T.R. Harsono, M.J. Crosby, dan A. Mardiastuti. 1995. MelestarikanKeanekaragaman Hayati Indonesia: Pendekatan Daerah Burung Endemik [ConservingIndonesian Biodiversity: the Endemic Bird Area Approach]. PHPA/BirdLife International -Indonesia Programme. Jakarta.
Trainor, C., dan D. Lesmana. 2000. Gunung berapi, Burung-burung Khas, Tikus Raksasa, danTenun Ikat yang Menawan: Identifikasi Kawasan-kawasan yang Memiliki Arti Pentingbagi Keanekaragaman Hayati Global di Flores, Nusa Tenggara. Laporan No. 11.PKA/BirdLife /WWF. Bogor.
Trainor, C., W. Prayitno, D. Lesmana, dan A. Gatur. 2000. Mbeliling: Arti Penting Hutan Mbelilingbagi Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati Flores. Laporan No. 10. PKA/BirdLifeInternational/ WWF. Bogor.
Verhoeye, J. dan D.A. Holmes. 1998. The Birds of the Island of Flores - a review. Kukila 10. 3-59.
Wallace, A.R. 2009. Kepulauan Nusantara: Sebuah Kisah Perjalanan, Kajian Manusia dan Alam[terjemahan]. Komunitas Bambu: Jakarta.
White, C.M.N. dan M.D. Bruce. 1986. The Birds of Wallacea (Sulawesi, The Moluccas & LesserSunda Islands): an Annotated Check-list. British Ornithologist Union: London.
Bird Species Richness on the Wae Wuul Nature ReserveFeri Irawan
155
Appendix 1. List of bird species that found in the Nature Reserve and surrounding Wuul Wae.
Bird list based on studiesConservation
status
No. Family SpeciesInggris
Name
Indonesia
Name
1
Megapo
diidae
Orange-
footed
Megapode
Gosong kaki-
merah x
x x
LC Y
2
Phasiani
dae
Green
Junglefowl
Ayam-hutan
hijau x x LC
3 Anatidae
Pacific
Black Duck Itik gunung xx x
LC
4 Anatidae Sunda Teal Itik benjut x LC
5 Anatidae
Lesser
Whistling-
duck Belibis batu x x LC
6 Anatidae
Wandering
Whistling-
duck
Belibis
kembang x LC
7 Anatidae
Green
Pygmy-
goose
Angsa-kerdil
hijau
x
x LC
8
Ciconiida
e
Wooly-
necked
Stork
Bangau
sandang-lawe x LC Y
9 Ardeidae
Cattle
Egret Kuntul kerbau x LC Y
10 Ardeidae
Javan
Pond-
heron Blekok sawah x LC
11 Ardeidae Great- Cangak laut x x x LC
156 International Conference on Forest and Biodiversity, 5 July 2013
Appendix 1. List of bird species that found in the Nature Reserve and surrounding Wuul Wae.
Bird list based on studiesConservation
status
No. Family SpeciesInggris
Name
Indonesia
Name
billed
heron
12 Ardeidae
Pacific
Reef-egret Kuntul karangx x
LC Y
13
Falconid
ae
Spotted
Kestrel Alap-alap sapi x x LC II Y
14
Accipitri
dae
Brahminy
Kite Elang bondol x LC II Y
15
Accipitri
dae
Brown
Goshawk
Elang-alap
coklat xx
LC II Y
16
Accipitri
dae
Short-toed
Snake-
eagle
Elang-ular
jari-pendek x LC II Y
17
Accipitri
dae
White-
bellied
Sea-eagle
Elang-laut
perut-putih x x LC II Y
18
Accipitri
dae
Grey
Goshawk
Elang-alap
kelabu x LC II Y
19
Accipitri
dae
Black-
winged
Kite Elang tikus x
x
LC II Y
20
Accipitri
dae
Oriental
Honey-
buzzard
Sikep-madu
asia
x
x LC II Y
21
Accipitri
dae
Spotted
Harrier
Elang-rawa
totol x LC II Y
22 Rallidae
Common
Moorhen Mandar batu x x LC
Bird Species Richness on the Wae Wuul Nature ReserveFeri Irawan
157
Appendix 1. List of bird species that found in the Nature Reserve and surrounding Wuul Wae.
Bird list based on studiesConservation
status
No. Family SpeciesInggris
Name
Indonesia
Name
23 Rallidae
Purple
Swamphen Mandar besarx
LC
24 Rallidae
White-
breasted
Waterhen Kareo padi x x LC
25
Turnicid
ae
Barred
Buttonquai
l Gemak loreng x x LC
158 International Conference on Forest and Biodiversity, 5 July 2013
Appendix 1. Continues
No. Family Species InggrisName
IndonesiaName
Bird List based on studies Conservationstatus
26
Scolopacid
ae
Common
Sandpiper Trinil pantaix x
L
C
27 Laridae
Black-
naped Tern
Dara-laut
tengkuk-
hitam
x x L
C
28 Laridae
Great
Crested
Tern
Dara-laut
jambul
x x L
C
29
Columbida
e
Spotted
Dove
Tekukur
biasa x xx x
L
C
30
Columbida
e
Emerald
Dove
Delimukan
Zamrud x x
L
C
31
Columbida
e
Green
Imperial-
pigeon Pergam hijau x x
L
C
32
Columbida
e
Island
Collared-
dove
Dederuk
jawa x x
x x L
C
33
Columbida
e
Barred
Dove
Perkutut
loreng x xx x
L
C
34
Columbida
e Zebra Dove
Perkutut
jawa x
L
C
35
Psittacida
e
Red-
cheeked
Parrot
Nuri pipi-
merah x
L
C II
36 Cuculidae
Rusty-
breasted
Cuckoo
Wiwik
uncuing x
L
C
Bird Species Richness on the Wae WuulFeri Irawan
159
No. Family Species InggrisName
IndonesiaName
Bird List based on studies Conservationstatus
37 Cuculidae
Himalayan
Cuckoo
Kangkok
ranting x
L
C
38 Cuculidae
Lesser
Coucal
Bubut alang-
alang x xx x
L
C
39 Cuculidae Asian Koel Tuwur asiax x
L
C
40 Strigidae
Wallace's
Scops-owl
Celepuk
wallacea x
L
C II
41 Apodidae
Glossy
Swiftlet Walet sapi x
L
C
42 Apodidae
House
Swiftlet
Kapinis
rumah x
L
C
43 Coraciidae
Asian
Dollarbird
Tiong-lampu
biasax x
L
C
44
Alcedinida
e
Scared
Kingfisher Cekakak sucix
x
L
C Y
45
Alcedinida
e
Collared
Kingfisher
Cekakak
sungai x xx x
L
C Y
46
Alcedinid
ae
White-
rumped
Kingfisher
Cekakak
tunggir-
putih x
L
C Y
47
Alcedinida
e
Blue-eared
Kingfisher
Raja-udang
meninting x
L
C Y
48 Meropidae
Rainbow
Bee-eater
Kirik-kirik
australiax
xx x
L
C
49 Meropidae
Blue-tailed
Bee-eater
Kirik-kirik
lautx
x
L
C
50 Picidae
Sunda
Woodpecke
r Caladi tilik x x
x x L
C
51 Pittidae
Elegant
Pitta Paok la'us x
L
C Y
160 International Conference on Forest and Biodiversity, 5 July 2013
Appendix 1. Continues
No. Family Species Inggris Name IndonesiaName
Bird List based on studies Conservationstatus
52Meliphagida
e
Helmeted
Friarbird
Cikukua
tandukx x LC Ya
53Acanthizida
e
Golden-bellied
GerygoneRemetuk laut x x x LC
54 ArtamidaeWhite-breasted
WoodswallowKekep Babi x LC
55Campepha
gidaeFlores minivet
Sepah
kerdilx LC
56Campephagi
dae
Black-faced
Cuckooshrike
Kepudang-
sungu besarx x x x LC
57Pachycephal
idaeGolden Whistler
Kancilan
emasx x x x LC
58 OriolidaeBlack-naped
Oriole
Kepudang
kuduk-hitamx LC
59 DicrurudaeWallacean
Drongo
Srigunting
wallaceax x x x LC
60Rhipidurid
ae
Brown-capped
Fantail
Kipasan
floresx x x x LC
61Rhipidurida
eRufous Fantail
Kipasan
dada-hitamx LC
62Monarchida
e
Asian Paradise-
flycatcher
Seriwang
asiax x LC
63Monarchida
e
Black-naped
Monarch
Kehicap
rantingx x x x LC
64 Corvidae Flores CrowGagak
floresx x EN
65 Paridae Great TitGelatik-batu
kelabux x x x LC
66 Hirundinida Striated Swallow Layang- x x LC
Bird Species Richness on the Wae WuulFeri Irawan
161
No. Family Species Inggris Name IndonesiaName
Bird List based on studies Conservationstatus
e layang
loreng
67 AlaudidaeAustralasian
Lark
Branjangan
jawax LC
68 Cisticolidae Zitting Cisticola Cici padi x x x x LC
69 CisticolidaeGolden-headed
CisticolaCici merah x x LC
70Zosteropid
ae
Yellow-
spectacled
White-eye
Kacamata
walaceax x x LC
71Zosteropida
e
Oriental White-
eye
Kacamata
biasax LC
72Zosteropid
ae
Thick-billed
White-eye
Opior
paruh-tebalx LC
73Muscicapida
ePied Bushchat Decu belang x x x x LC
74Muscicapida
e
Rufous-chested
Flycatcher
Sikatan
dada-merahx NT
75 DicaeidaeBlack-fronted
Flowerpecker
Cabai dahi-
hitamx x x x LC
76 Dicaeidae
Golden-
rumped
Flowerpecker
Cabai emas x x x LC
77 DicaeidaeRed-chested
FlowerpeckerCabai lombok x LC
162 International Conference on Forest and Biodiversity, 5 July 2013
Appendix 1. Continues
No. Family Species InggrisName
IndonesiaName
Bird List based on studies Conservationstatus
78 NectariniidaeOlive-backed
Sunbird
Burung-madu
srigantix x x x LC Y
79 Nectariniidae
Flame-
breasted
Sunbird
Burung-madu
matarix x LC Y
80 Nectariniidae
Plain-
throated
Sunbird
Burung-madu
kelapax LC Y
81 EstrildidaeBlack-faced
MuniaBondol taruk x x x x LC
82 Estrildidae Zebra Finch Pipit zebra x x x x LC
83 Estrildidae
Scaly-
breasted
Munia
Bondol
pekingx LC
84 Estrildidae
Five-
coloured
Munia
Bondol
pancawarnax LC
85 MotacilidaeAustralasian
PipitApung tanah x x LC
Total jenis 76
345 31 37
*) Bird species names in bold are restricted range species of birds-the spreading area of less than 50,000 km2.Notes
Species : Refer to BirdLife International (2008)Indonesia Name : Refer to Coates & Bishop (1997)Family/Suku : Refer to Birdlife International (2008)Migratory bird : Refer to Coates&Bishop (1997)Restricted-range species : Refer to Sujatnika dkk (1995)IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature Resources) version 2011
Bird Species Richness on the Wae WuulFeri Irawan
163
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) :The species that includes in the list of attachments (Appendices) of CITES (2011)PP No.7 RI : species protected by the Indonesian government under Government Regulation No.7 of1999 on the Preservation of Fauna and Flora