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RECORDS OF THE PAST.

VOL. VI.

EGYPTIAN TEXTS.

Every Text here given is either now translated for the first

time, or has been specially revised by the Translator to the

date of this publication.

RECORDS OF THE PAST

ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS

OF THE

ASSYRIAN AND EGYPTIAN MONUMENTS.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE SANCTION

THE SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGY.

VOL. VI.

EGYPTIAN TEXTS.

LONDON:

SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS,IS, PATERNOSTER ROW.

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2017 with funding from

Princeton Theological Seminary Library

https://archive.org/details/recordsofpastbei06unse

CONTENTS.

Preface ... ... ... ... ... ... i

Sepulchral Inscription of Ameni ... ... ... i

By S. Birch, LL.D.

Inscription of Aahmes, son of Abana ... ... 5By P. i.e Pace Renouf.

Letter of Panbesa ... ... ... ... ... 1

By C. W. Goodwin, M.A.

Annals of Rameses III. :

The Conquests in Asia ... ... ... 17

tBy S. Birch, LL.D.

The Great Harris Papyrus, Part I. ... ... 21

By Prof. Eiseni.ohr and S. Birch, LL.D.

StHe of the Coronation ... ... ... ... 71By G. Maspero.

The Inscription of the Governor Nes-hor ... ... 79By Paui. Pierret.

Stele of King Horsiatef ... ... ... ... 85By G. Maspero.

Hymns to Amen ... ... ... ... ... 97By C. W. Goodwin, M.A.

Inscription of the Destruction of Mankind by Ra 103By Edouard Naville.

11 CONTENTS.

Egyptian Magical Text ... ... ... ... 113By S. Birch, LL.D.

The Song of the Harper ... ... ... ... 127By Ludwig Stern.

The Story of Saneha ... ... ... ... 131By C. W. Goodwin, M.A.

The Tale of the Garden of Flowers ... ... 151

By Francois Chabas.

List of Further Texts ... ... ... ... 157

PREFACE.

This sixth volume of the “ Records of the Past ”

contains a series of Egyptian translations of historical

and other texts. Among those relating to history

will be found the first half of the great Harris Papyrus,

the largest and most important of its class of all

hitherto discovered, and throwing great light upon the

condition of Egypt in the reign of Rameses III.

Besides the historical texts several mythological ones

of great interest will be found in the volume, such as

the Hymns to the god Amen, the Destruction of

Mankind by the gods, and a curious Magical Text,

embodying singular mythological ideas, and of some

interest in connection with the study of ancient magic,

which played a very prominent part in Egyptian

science and ethics, and can scarcely be separated at

the present day from its mythology. Besides the

Magical Text poetiy is represented by the Song of

the Harper, and fiction by the Story of Saneha, and

the Tale of the Garden of Flowers. The interest

taken in this publication is shown by the authors of

such pieces. which originally appeared in French or

11 PREFACE,

German having kindly prepared or revised the English

translations, so that they appear in their last and most

correct form. The publication itself has called forth

the commendations of all interested in the study,

especially those who have paid attention to Egyptian

philology and history. It is in fact only by the

perusal of these translations of original documents in

their integrity that the mind of ancient Egypt can be

appreciated and understood. Without such aids the

dissertations or works on Egypt are after all compila-

tions more or less imperfect, without the freshness and

strange originality offered by perusal of the words of

the original authors, scribes of thirty centuries and

more ago, the first men of letters in the ancient world,

who wrote these remarkable compositions in the valley

of the Nile. The flourishing period of literature ap-

pears to have been the XIXth Dynasty, a golden age

of history, poetry, and fiction, although these branches

of literature flourished as early as the Xllth Dynasty,

and ethical philosophy began about the period of the

Vth Dynasty. Gradually developing, literature culmi-

nated under the native monarchs, but rapidly declined

with the fall of the Ramessides. Specimens of the best

period of writing will be found in the present volume,

which completes the first half of the series proposed

to be issued in this form.

3rd February,1876.

S. BIRCH.

SEPULCHRAL

INSCRIPTION OF AMENI.

Xlth DYNASTY.

TRANSLATED BY

S. BIRCH, LL.D.

^JpHIS inscription is engraved on a calcareous stone

tablet of the period of the Xlth dynasty. It has

a mention of the Star Sirius or Dog Star, and it

is published by Sharpe, Egyptian Inscriptions, p. 17,

British Museum, No. 162. At the time of the Xllth

dynasty the festival of the manifestation of Sothis,

apparently to mark the fixed year and the Sothic

cycle, often appears, but it probably came into use

shortly before, as this tablet is either of the XlthVOL. vi. 2

2 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

dynasty, at its close, or just at the commencement

of the Xllth, the name of the person for whom

it was made having been derived from one of the

kings or rulers of the Xlth dynasty who was called

by the same appellation.

INSCRIPTION OF AMENI.

1 Act of homage to Osiris who dwells in the West.

Lord of Abutu, 1

in all good and pure

2 places he gives sepulchral meals of bread and beer, of

cattle and fowl, of all things

3 good to the devoted to the great god, the Superintend-

ent of archers, the chief person Ameni, son of Bakujustified

4 hands are given to him out of the barge in the distant

places of the West, he receives the offerings on

5 the great table in all the festivals of the Karneter’“ Come in peace ” is said to him by the Chiefs of

Abutu, 1

in the Uaka festival 3

6 in the festival of Thoth, in the festival of Sekar,4 in

the festival of the appearance of Khem

7 in the festival of the rising of Sothis, in the yearly

festival, in all the great festivals made8 to Osiris who dwells in the West, the great god, for the

sake of the Superintendent of the archers, the Chief,

Ameni.

9 His wife beloved, doing his will daily, the prophetess of

Athor, Mat-hu born of Ameni, justified

io his eldest granddaughter Khentiichrati

i i his son truly loving him in his heart, doing his will daily,

the Chancellor Athorsi a devoted person, justified

1 2 the barber Khentikhrati

1 Abydos. 2 Hades.

3 Meaning uncertain, a moveable feast. 4 Socharis.

13 the slave Gefahapi 1

14 the lady’s maid Khui

15 the Steward Ameni16 the Steward Sautit.

1 Or, Hapi the slave bearing bread.

INSCRIPTION OF AAHMES,

SON OF ABANA.

TRANSLATED BY

P. LE PAGE RENOUF.

''JpHE following inscription occurs in a tomb of the

period of the XVIIIth dynasty, at Elkab or Eilei-

thyia, and has been published by Lepsius, Dcnkrnaeler

Abth. III., Bl. ii, and Champollion, Notice descriptive,

fo., Paris, 1870, p. 655. It has been translated in part

by M. the late Vte. Emmanuel de Rougd, Memoire sur

I'iuscription du Tombeau d’Ahmbs chef des nautoniers

in the Memoires de Vlnstitut de France, Prem. serie,

Tom. III., 4to. Paris 1851, but not entirely, and partly

by Professor Brugsch-Bey in his Histoire d'Egypte, 4to.

Paris, 1859, p. 80, 81, 86, 90, although not together,

nor in continuous order. The present is the first

continuous and complete translation of the whole

inscription, the only remaining part of the text being

the statement of the amount of land presented to

Aahmes, amounting to 60 sta, and the list by name of

the slaves obtained by Aahmes in the course of the

campaigns. It is one of the most important of the

historical inscriptions as it gives the account of the

campaign against the Hykshos at the commencement

of the XVIIIth dynasty, and the siege of their strong-

hold, Avaris. Born in the days of Sekenen-Ra the

Egyptian monarch, contemporary with the later

Shepherd kings, Aahmes served under Aahmes or

Amasis I, Amenophis I, and Thothmes I. These

monarchs, it will be seen from the inscriptions, had

persortally entered the field, and Aahmes was witness

of their prowess in some of the actions in which they

had been engaged. Like all the great Egyptian

officers he had seen active service both on the

Northern and Southern frontiers of Egypt. It was

one of the most critical periods in the history of

Egypt, and this inscription together with the 1st Sallier

Papyrus throws great light on the comparatively

obscure events of the time of the Shepherd kings.

The names of some of the places are obscure especially

those of the localities in the neighbourhood of Avaris.

The name Teta-an that of the chief of the Hykshos is

not elsewhere found;

it appears after the siege of

Avaris and final expulsion of the Shepherds.

INSCRIPTION OF AAHMES.

The Captain-general of Marines, Aahmes, son of Abana,

the justified,

1 He saith : I speak to you, all men, in order that I mayinform you of the honours which have fallen to my lot.

I have been presented with gold seven times in the face

2 of the whole land;and with slaves both male and female.

I have acquired very many landed possessions. Thewarlike name which he hath made shall not perish

3 ever in this land. He saith : I came into existence in

the city of Eilethyia;my father was an officer of King

Sekenen Ra;Baba

4 son of Re-ant was his name. I performed the duties of

an officer in his place on board the ship called the Calf

in the days of King Neb-pehti-Ra,

the justified.

5 I was (then) too young to have a wife, and I was clad in

the uniform of the Shennud But as soon as I had a

house I betook myself

6 to the ship called the North, for the purpose of taking

part in the war. And it was my duty to follow the

Sovereign on foot when he went out on his chariot.

7 We laid siege to the city of Avaris and I had to fight on

foot in presence of His Majesty. I was promoted

8 to the ship called Cha-em-Mennefer. 3 We fought upon

the canal of Patetku of Avaris. Here I obtained

prizes

9 I carried off a hand, mention of which was made to the

Reporter Royal, and there was given to me the golden

1 Aahmes I.

2 “ Je couchais dans le lit Reserve Chabas.3 Literally, “Crowned in Memphis.”

(collar) of valour. I fought a second time at this place

and a second time I took prizes

10 there. I carried off a hand and there was given to mea second time the gold of valour. There was fighting at

Takamit, at the south of this city

1 1 and I carried away prisoner a live man. I plunged

into the water far in bringing him off; in order to avoid

the road to the

12 town, I crossed over with him through the water.

Mention of this was made to the Reporter Royal and I

was presented with gold once more. We13 took Avaris, and I carried off as captives from thence

one man and three women, in all four heads; and His

Majesty gave them to me for slaves. We14 laid siege to Sharhana in the year 5, and His Majesty

took it. I carried off from thence captives, two womenand one hand. And there

15 was given me the gold of valour. Likewise there were

given me the captives for slaves. But as soon as His

Majesty had slaughtered the Asiatic barbarians

16 he returned to Chent-hen-nefer for the purpose of de-

stroying the Anti of Nubia, and His Majesty made a

great slaughter of them.

17 I carried away captives, two live men and three hands,

and I was presented once more with the gold and

likewise the two slaves were given to me. Then came

18 His Majesty down the river, his heart dilated with valour

and victory;he had conquered the people of the South

and of the North. Then came the Pestilence1 of the South

19 introducing its devastation, and profaning the gods of

the South in its grasp. It was found by His Majesty at

Tent-ta-qabu 3 and His Majesty carried off

Identified by M. Chabas with the “Shepherds.”3 A place determined by water.

INSCRIPTION OF AAHMES. 9

20 all his men as living captives. And I brought off two

officers whom I had seized on the ship of the Pestilence.

And there were

given to me five heads for my share and five sta of land

in my own city. It was done to all the company of the

marines in like manner. Then that enemy22 named Teta-an came, and rebels joined him. But

His Majesty slaughtered him and his slaves even to

extinction. And then were

23 given to me three heads and five sta of land in my owncity.

It was my lot to convey King Sor-ka-ra 1 on his

journey up to Kush for the purpose of extending

24 the frontiers of Egypt. His Majesty smote that Anti 2

of Nubia in the midst of his troops;

taken by assault

they escaped not ....25 .... so as not to exist. Behold I was at the head of

our soldiers, and I fought as it behoved me. His

Majesty was witness of my valour as I carried off two

hands and brought

26 them to His Majesty. We pursued his people and his

cattle. I took a living prisoner and brought him to His

Majesty. In two days I brought His Majesty back to

27 from the Upper source. And I was presented with the

gold, received two female slaves besides those which I

had brought

28 to His Majesty, and was raised to the dignity of

“ Warrior of the King.”

It was my lot to convey King Aa-cheper-ka-ra 3 on

his journey up to Chent-hen-nefer

1 Amenophis I.

Name of hostile tribes on the southern boundaries of Egypt.3 Thothmes I.

IO RECORDS OF THE PAST.

29 for the purpose of chastising the guilty among the tribes

and of exterminating the I fought upon the

river ....30 the ships at the stranding; and I was raised to the

dignity of Captain-general of the marines. His Majesty

[Another portion of the inscription proceeds as follows :]

1 His Majesty became more furious than a panther, and

he shot his first arrow, which stuck in the knee of that

wretch fainting before the asp. Then was

2 made of them in an instant their people were

carried off as live captives. His Majesty returned downthe river, all the regions being in his grasp. That

3 vile Anti of Nubia was kept with his head down on the

royal ship when he landed at the Apet.1

4 After this he went to the Rutennu 3for the purpose of

taking satisfaction upon the countries. His Majesty

arrived at Naharina, 3 where he encountered that enemy,

and organised an attack. His Majesty made a great

5 slaughter of them;an immense number of live captives

was carried off by His Majesty. Behold I was at the

head of our soldiers, and His Majesty saw my valour

6 as I seized upon a chariot, its horses and those who

were on it as living captives whom I took to His

Majesty. I was once more presented with the gold.

7 I have grown up and have reached old age;my honours

are like (I shall rest in the tomb) which I have

myself made.

1 A well-known part of the city of Thebes: the modern Karnak.2Syria. 3 Mesopotamia.

LETTER OF PANBESA,

CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE CITY OF RAMESES,

XIXth DYNASTY.

TRANSLATED BY

C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.

JN theA nastasi Papyms III., Plate I, line u, is pre-

served the following letter containing a description

of the town of Rameses, near to the fortress of Aa-

nechtu, built by Rameses II, on the confines of

Egypt and Canaan.

This town has been recently supposed to be Zoan

or Tanis and the point of departure of the Exodus.

The letter has been partly translated by the Rev. I.

Dunbar Heath, Exodus Papyri, 8vo., Lond., 1855, p. 73.

This letter is of great interest, giving in poetic strain

the account of the city, and the sentences as is usual

in poems, have red dots placed above them to show

the lines. Many of the names of fruit and fish are

obscure, although the document throws great light on

their nature, whether of the aquatic kind of plants or

else from trees in the arboreta or Egyptian orchards.

As there is a considerable demand for explanatory

.notes a few have been added to assist the reader

about the obscurer words, phrases and places which

are mentioned in it. Many of the things were brought

from distant places as far as the Euphrates and other

foreign lands and it would seem to have been one of

the most flourishing cities of Egypt at the time. The

document is unfortunately much mutilated and the

only parts untranslated are those which have suffered

from worms or from being torn.

LETTER OF PANBESA.

1 The Clerk Panbesa salutes his Lord,

2 the Clerk Amenemapt. Long live the King !

3 This is sent for the information of My Lord.

4 Again I salute My Lord.

5 I proceeded to Pa-Ramessu Meiamen 1

6 I found it flourishing in2 good things without a rival,

7 like the foundations of Thebes 3

8 the abode of felicity.

9 Its meadows are filled with all good things,

10 it is well-provisioned daily.

1 1 Its pools (are filled) with fish, its ponds with fowl

12 its fields are verdant with grass,

13 the Ates-ft.ower

is in its;

14 the Tenraka-plant 3 whose taste is like honey

15 is in the fields of the tubs.6

Its threshing-floors are full

1 6 of barley and wheat

.... 3 towards the sky;

1 7 bunches of leeks in the beds;

1 8 gourds in the arbour;

an/iamaa-imiX.,1

1 City named “ House of Ramessu-Meiamen.” 2 Abounding in.

3 Lacuna.

4 Unknown plant. S.B.

5 Edible plant, perhaps cucumber or melon kind. S.B.

6 Watering-machines.

7 Sometimes written Anruhama or Aluhama

supposed grapes or

raisins. S.B.

19 TeJ)hu4iu\l, called1

20 Teb-imiV from the arboretum;

21 sweet wine of the produce of Egypt

22 which is superior to honey.

23 Red Utu-fish from the river of 3lilies;

24 Baran-fish from the river Haruma

25 Barai-fish mixed with Baka-fish3 fish

26 from the river Puharta 4

A fa-fish . . . /from the river;

27 Hanata-{\A\ from . . . ,3 of Aa-nechtu. 5

28 The pool of Horus furnishes salt,

29 the Pahura lake furnishes nitre;6

30 its . . . .3 for the going and coming. 7

31 There is a supply of provisions there daily.8

32 Gladness dwells within it,

33 none speaks scorn of it.

34 The little ones in it are like the great ones

35 (They say) Come let us celebrate its heavenly festivals

36 and the season feasts.

3 7 The papyrus-marsh is adorned with Menhu-flower 9

38 the pool of Horus with the Asi-tlower;

39 there are Sahara-^owers from the arboretum,

40 festoons from the vineyards 3

41 fowls in flocks, to adorn 3

* Perhaps tet, olives. S.B.

5 Supposed to be figs or dates. S.B. 3 Lacuna.

4 Euphrates. 5 The frontier fortress.

6 One of the natron or bitter lakes near the Isthmus of Suez.

7 Of boats. 8 Market.

9 A flower of red and violet colour. S.B.

10 Apparently another kind of water plant. S.B.

LETTER OF PANBESA. 1

42 The sea abounds with Baka-fish

and Aiu-fish.

43 It their boundaries.

44 The virgins of Aa-nechtu are well apparelled every

45 sweet oil is on their heads, with new curls.

46 They stand at their doors,

47 their hands adorned with nosegays,

48 with bouquets of Pa-Hathor,

49 garlands of the lake Pahura,

50 on the day of the arrival of

51 Ra-user-ma Sotep-en-ra,

52 the war-god 4 of the world,

53 the morning of the feast of Ka-ha-ka;

54 all assemble one with another

55 to recite their petitions.

56 There are sweet drinks in Aa-nechtu;

57 its liquors are like sugar,

58 its syrups like the taste of

59 caroobs 5 surpassing honey.

60 Beer of Kati comes from the port

61 wine from the vineyards;

62 sweet refreshments from the lake

63 Sakabaima;

garlands from the arbours.

64 The sweet singers of Aa-nechtu

65 are of the school of Memphis;’

1 The locust tree of the desert, Ceratonia siliqua.

2 Lacuna. 3 The prenomen of Ramses II.

4 Mentu or Mentu Ra, the Egyptian war-god. S.B.

5 The fishes and plants here named have not as yet been certainly

identified.

6 Unknown locality. S.B.

7 The Memfhitides j>uellce of the Latin authors. S.B.

i6 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

66 joy remains there prolonged, unceasing.

67 Ra-user-ma Sotep-en-ra,

68 the war-god of the world,

69 Ramessu Meiamen, is its god.

ANNALS OF RAMESES III.

XIXth DYNASTY.

THE CONQUESTS IN ASIA.

TRANSLATED BY

S. BIRCH, LL.D.

'J'HE following inscription is at Thebes before the

Treasury of the Temple of Chonsu at Medinat Habu,

founded by Rameses III. of the XXth dynasty, and

is published by Duemichen, Historische lnschriften alt-

cegyptischer Dcnkmaeler, fo., Leipzig, 1867, Taf. xi., xii.

It accompanies a picture representing the god Amen-

Ra wearing the hawk plumes and the teier or cap of the

lower country, and tunic round the loins, armlets and

bracelets round the arms advancing to the left. In

the right hand he holds the scimitar xePs >surmounted

by a disked ram, and in his left hand the end of a

VOL. vi. 3

cord which passes round the neck of the fifth prisoner

to the ninth. The goddess of the West, or the Western

Thebaid, with a bow and mace in her hand, holds

a cord passing round the necks of the four first

prisoners. Of three of these only the upper parts of

the name remain. They are thirty-nine in number,

and amongst them are the Pelasgi, Turseni or

Etruscans, Chalybes, Matennu or Greek isles, and

Carchemish.

THE CONQUESTS IN ASIA.

1 Says Amen Ra, Lord of the thrones of the two

countries, to my beloved son of my loins, Lord of the

Upper and Lower country Ra-user-ma 1 beloved of Amen,

rich in years like Ptah-Tanen, overthrow-

2 ing his opponents, I have smitten for thee every land,

thou hastenest, leading thy frontiers in thy grasp

3 thou hast taken every land in its extent,

3 and fortresses

4 (thou hast taken it) on its north. Thy spirit 3

5 is great, it has encircled every land the fear

6 of thee, it has dragged the lands captive. Thou art

like Har 4 over the two countries

7 The Sun of the Bow-bearing barbarians. 5 I have magni-

fied (thy victories, I have overeased) thy powers, I give

the terror of thee in the hearts of the countries of the

Huanebu 6

8 great is thy cutting of their members, Thy Majesty

drags them in chains;

9 thy hands swoop over the heads of thy enemies.

10 I have been placed over their heads, the Herusha 7

(came) submissive to thy name,

12 thy countenance 8prevails over them, thy mace is in thy

right, and thy war axe in thy left hand then, thou hewest

the hearts

13 of cowards, Chiefs have come to thee bearing tribute on

their backs, all the good products of their

1 Prenomen of Rameses III. ’ Xent is the division or section.

5 Bau appears to mean an inward consciousness or thoughts of the kingas well as, or even rather than, the protecting demons.

4 Horus.5 Or the Nine bows, probably a Libyan confederation of nine tribes or

cities.

6 The supposed Haunen, Javen or Iones. The name of the Greeks, bysome connected with the Aryan Yavan, and the Latin juvenes.

7 Eastern foreigners, nomad or Bedouin tribes. 8 Xu, or “ diadem.”

14 lands, the lands of the North I have given thee

Egypt as thine inheritance,

the Nine-bow barbarians as

vassals of thy palace the South have come in terror

prostrate to thy spirits. I have opehed to thee the

roads of Punt a

15 with perfume and incense to thy crown. Passed has

my valour in thy limbs to destroy the invaded countries.

I place Amen, and Barui,

3 with thee, and Khonsu,

Horus in thy limbs, 4 each god prevails following in thy

service to the perverse lands of the savages. 5

16 I let Thy Majesty tread on them as I do. A jackal pas-

turing6off the bodies of the North,7 I give thee power of

Horus and Set, Lord of diadems, the dominions and

things of their divisions.

Prisoners :

I Ma . . . .

82 Pu-lu(sata) 9

3 PUTER ....

4 Gaga-ma 5 Tur-shakha106 Kharubu

7 Ka-tina 8 Ai-mar 9 Sa-ri

10 Ta-taru 1111 Ta-kanasa 12 Tarui Shabu

1 3 Ba-ga-ru 14 A(ru)si i 5 Amana16 Arukan 17 Perikara 18 . UBAI

1 9 Karuna 20 Kairuga 21 Aburt22 Kabusiu 23 Aimaru 24 U . . NI-UHA

2 5 Kushpata 26 Kannu 27 Ru-a-nis

28 A-pa-kha 29 Shabi 30 Ga-auru

3 1 Kini-sen . . EN 32 MoURUNASA 33 Garnai

34 Ta-sukha 35 Mat(b)uri 3 6 Ta-baru

37 Matenau 38 Karukamasha 1 *

1 Bu nefer,“ good place.” 3 The Regio Barbaria.

3 Baal. 4 Em sa, “behind ” or “ to protect.”

s A'em, “the ignorant,” or xem rut>

“ ignorant men,” “savages.”6 Mena, here determined by a gryphon, perhaps “a gryphon.”

8 Perhaps the Mast, Masuasa or Maxyes.9 The Pulusata or Pelasgi. 10 Tur, Chalybes.

“ Or, The pool of Tatu. 12 Carchemish.

Professor EISENLOHR and S. BIRCH, LL.D.

'J'HE following document is found on the papyrus

generally known as the Great Harris Papyrus,

one of the finest, best written, and best preserved that

have been discovered in Egypt. It measures 133 feet

long by 1 6| in. broad and was found with several

others in a tomb behind Medinat Habu. Purchased

soon after by the late A. C. Harris of Alexandria it

was subsequently unrolled and divided into 79 leaves

and laid down on cardboard. With the exception of

some small portions which are wanting in the first,

the rest of the text is complete throughout. After the

decease of Mr. Harris, his collection of papyri was

brought to England by his daughter, Miss Harris, and

sold to the British Museum through the mediation of

Professor Eisenlohr, who was then in England.

The historical portion of the papyrus was trans-

lated with a comment, by Professor Eisenlohr and

published in his work Dcr grosse papyrus Harris,ein

wichtiger Beitrag zur cegyptischen Geshichte,12mo.,

Leipzig, 1872, and in a paper printed in the Trans-

actions of the Society of Biblical Archceology,Vol. I.,

Pt. II., p. 355-384. Dr. Birch published a translation

of the first 23 pages in the Zcitschrift fur cegyptische

Sprache, 4to., Berlin, 1872, p. 1 19 ; 1873, pp, 9, 34,

65,97, r 5 2 - Another translation of the whole papyrus

except the lists of objects given to the temples wasgiven by Professor Eisenlohr in the same Zeitschrift,

1873, pp. 15 and foil., 49, 98, and 154; 1874, pp.

23-25. A translation of the historical portion com-prised in pages 75-79, was given by M. Chabas in his

work Recherches pour servir a I'histoire de la XIXthdynastie, Chalon, 1873. The object of the papyrus is

the address after death of the king Rameses III,

recounting the benefits he had conferred upon Egyptby his administration and delivery of the country

from foreign subjection and also the immense gifts

which he had conferred on the temples of Egypt,

of Ammon at Thebes, Turn at Heliopolis, and Ptah

at Memphis, etc. The last part is addressed to the

officers of the army consisting partly of Sardinian

and Libyan mercenaries, and to the people of Egyptin the 32nd year of his reign and is a kind of

posthumous, panegyrical discourse or political will

like that of Augustus discovered at Ancyra. Thepapyrus itself consists of the following divisions, three

of which are preceeded by large coloured plates or

vignettes : PI. I., Introduction;

PI. II.-XXIII., Dona-

tions to the Theban deities; PI. XXIV.-XLII.,

Donations to the gods of Heliopolis; PI. XLIII.-

LVI., Donations to the gods of Memphis;

PI. LVII.-

LXVI;Donations to the gods of the North and

South;PI. LXVII.-LXXIV., Summary of donations

PI. LXXV.-LXXIX., Historical speech and con-

clusion. Throughout the monarch speaks in the first

person, the list excepted.

PLATE i.1

1 The year 32, the 6th of the month Epiphi of the reign

of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Ra-user-ma

beloved of Amen, the living2the Son of the Sun Rameses

Ruler of An, 3 beloved of all gods and goddesses

2 The King crowned in the white crown like Osiris, the

luminous ruler of Akar,4 like Tum over the great house

in Taser 5 who comes for ever and ever King of the

Abyss, King of Upper and Lower Egypt Ra-user-ma

beloved of Amen, the living, the Son of the Sun,

Rameses ruler of An, 3 living, the great god

3 who says worshipping the adoration, the thanksgivings,

and numerous and mighty actions which he did as King a

Ruler on earth at the house of his noble father Amen RaKing of the gods

4 Mut, Xonsu 6 Lords of Uas,’ the house of his noble

father Tum, Lord of the two lands of An, 3 Ra Harem-akhu 8 Iusaas Nebhetep all the gods of An for the

house of his noble father, Ptah, Chief of the Southern

5 Lord vivifying the two lands, Sechet the greatly be-

loved of Ptah, Nefer-tum protecting the two lands and

the gods of the temple of Ptah-ka,

9 for the house of his

noble fathers all the gods and goddesses of the South

1 The plates refer to the forthcoming' publication of the British Museum,and the divisions into which the papyrus was cut and laid down by the

late Mr. A. C. Harris.2 Anx uta snab, “ life, established and sound.” 3 Heliopolis.4 Name of Hades. 5 Another name of the entrance of Hades.

6 Khons, son of Mut and Amen.7 The Thebaid. 8 Harmachis title of Ra. 9 Memphis.

6 and North by the good glorious works (which he per-

formed to) the men of the land of Egypt and of every

land assembled altogether at one time, to inform

7 the fathers, the gods and goddesses of the South and

North, (men) mortals, intelligences, mankind of the nu-

merous glorious actions which he did on earth while great

Ruler of Egypt.

PLATE 2.

Picture of King before Amen Ra, the goddess Mutand Chonsu.

DONATIONS TO THE GODS OF THEBES.

PLATE 3.

1 Celebrate, and return thanks for the glorious actions

which he did for the house of his noble father Amen-Ra,

King of the gods, Mut, Khonsu and all the gods of

2 Says the King the Ra-user-ma beloved of Amen the

living2

the Son of the Sun, Rameses Ruler of An the

great god adoring his father that noble god Amen-RaKing of the gods the substance which was at first,

3 the god of gods who produced himself, lifting his hand,

raising the crown, maker of existences, creator of beings,

himself a mystery to men and gods, give to me thy ears

Oh Lord of the gods,

4 listen to my adorations which I make thee, let me come

to thee at Uas 1 thy reserved city, be deified in the cycle

of thy gods, thou art at peace at thy strong place in

Neban\

5 at the noble face of thy propylaea. Let me be united to

the gods Lords of the Empyreal gate, like my father

Thebes. 2 An\ uta snab, “life, established and sound.'

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 2 5

Osiris Lord of Taser,1 may my soul be like the soul

of the company of the gods who are at rest where thou art

6 in the horizon for ever and ever. Give breath to mynostril, water to my soul, to eat the substance and the

food of thy divine offerings, may my noble form remain

before thee

7 like the great gods Lords of Akar, may I go in and

depart from thee like they do, thou hast ordered myspirits like theirs against my accusers. Establish mypeace offerings brought to my

8 person 2continually 3 for ever and ever, I am King on

earth, Ruler of the living, thou hast set the crown on myhead when thou madest the passage in peace to the noble

temple,

9 thou sittest on thy seat dear to thy wish, I amestablished in place of my father as thou madest to

Horus in the place of Osiris. I neither excluded 4 nor

deprived 5

10 another of his place. I have not infringed what thou

hast ordered being before me. Thou gavest peace and

joy to my people;every land is adoring before (thee). I

look at the pious works

11 I did as King. I redouble for thee the mighty and

glorious numerous actions, I made for thee a noble

house of millions of years placed on the hill of Nebankh 6

facing thee,

PLATE 4.

i built with carved stone, sandstone and black stone, with

lintels’ of gold 8 and brass making its tower of stone

visibly elevated above1

Tie?-, Hades. * Ka, “person.”3 Ameni, “continually,” or “ day by day.”

4 Aashak. 5 Huru, or “ drew” out of his place.6 Lord of the living’ world. 7 Columns (Br.)

8 Uasm, “ electrum,” or “ copper.”

2 carving engraved with the chisel in the great name of

Thy Majesty. I built a wall around it fabricating, favoured

indeed, having a door and passages of carved stone.

3 I dug a lake in front of it full of water from heaven,

planted with groves in its meadows like the land of the

North, filling its treasury with the products of the land

of Egypt, 1

4 gold silver and all precious stones for hundreds of

thousands, its granaries had their heaps 2 of corn and

barley, its fields and herds multiplied like the sands of

the shore. I made tribute to it

5 the lands of the South as those of the North, the land

of Khent, and Taha to it bringing their work, filled with

captives which thou gavest to me of the Pat, 3 the youths

were ten thousands.

6 I carved thy statue reposing within it Amen Num Heh s

was its noble name, embellished with real stones like the

horizons, at its progress there is rejoicing to see it.

7 I made for it vases6for the tables of good gold and

others of silver and brass without number. I made

numerous divine offerings presented before thee, with

bread, wine and beer, fat geese

8 numerous oxen calves 7 and cattle, antelopes and goats

offered on his altar. I dragged as hills great statues8of

alabaster and engraved stone, 9

9 giving them life in making (them) repose at the right

1 Kami, “ Black land.”1 Mas mas, “ measured,” “ full.”

3 Nine-bow barbarians.

4 Able bodied lamu of my foundation.

5 Name of the image “ Amen uniting Eternity.”

6 Or “ drinking vessels.

7 Renen, “ virgin,” or “ young cattle.”

s Mennu, “ statues,” or “monuments.”

9 Husi, “carved,” perhaps applies to alabaster, “carved alabaster.”

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 27

and left of its gate cut in the great name of Thy Majesty

for ever, other statues of mau

stone, sandstone,

10 figures of black stone placed in it, I sculptured Ptah

Sekar, Nefer Tum in the company of all the gods of

heaven and earth in its shrine made of pure gold

11 and silver, making 2 (them) of jewels, and real stones,

rich indeed : I made to thee a noble palace of the King

in it like the house of Tum above, the columns

12 the hinges and gates of gold, 3 the great cornice 4 crowned

of pure gold. 5 I made for it transports loaded with corn

and barley to tow them to

PLATE 5.

1 its granary without cessation I made for it a store

house, great boats on the river laden with numerous

things for its noble treasury

2 It is surrounded with orchards, and seats and bowers

loaded bearing fruit and flowers to Thy Majesty. I built

their summer houses having

3 places for light. I dug a tank before them, the ponds

laid out with lillies

4 I made for thee a secret horizon in thy city of Las 6

facing thy propylsea, Lord of the gods, the house of

Rameses-hek-An the living in the house of Amen,placed in heaven having the disk 7

5 I built its walls of carved stone having great columns of

good gold, I filled its treasury with the things my arms

fetched to offer

6 before thee in the course of the day 8I made festive to

1 Maau, or mafu, a kind of stone, perhaps Red Syenite.3 Or, ornamenting them with meh, “jewels.”

3 Uasrn metal, by some conjectured to be “copper” or “electrum.”

4 The show balcony. 5 Good or best gold. 6 Thebes.7 Amen men em pet kar Aten, its name. 8 Em kart hru, “ daily.”

thee Southern Thebes with the great monuments I

builded for thee a temple in it like the seat of the

Universal Lord,

the divine temple of “ Rameses Ruler

of An the living

7 embracing delight in Thebes.” 1 A second time I madethy monuments in Uas, the strong, where reposes thy

heart near thy face—the house Ra-user-ma beloved of

Amen the living in the house of Amen.

8 I made to thee a secret shrine at one time 3 of good stone

of granite, the doors in its face 4 are of brass, made and

cut in thy divine name

9 like the shrine of the Universal Lord, built of stone like

a miracle, enriching it with eternal gifts;

the columns in

front of mafu stone, the doors

10 and lintels of gold. I furnished it with servants, 5 and

endowed it with treasures by hundreds of thousands.

1 1 Thy image was placed at rest in it like the Sun in the

two horizons, it was set up in its place for ever and ever

in thy very noble court

12 I made thee a great table of silver wrought, covered

with good gold studded with jewels having figures of the

living Lord of wrought gold and stands 6 having thy

divine offerings placed before thee.

PLATE 6.

i I made thee a great sanctuary 7 for thy propylon

plated with good gold with jewels, stone; its vases of

gold holding wine and beer to be served up before

thee every morning.

Neberter, or “ Entire Lord,” the recomposed Osiris.

2 Amen num resau, the name of the temple.

3 En sep ua, “at once.” 4 Her herf, “in front of it.”

5 Tamau. 6 Ab, stands.

7 Xenti, “an inner place,” it is determined by wood.

2 I made for thee store places for the show 1

festivals with

slaves male and female I supplied them with bread and

beer, oxen, fowl, wine, incense, fruit, fodder, vegetable

pure offering before thee in the course of the day 2in

continual addition to what was (stored) before.

3 I made thee noble pectoral plates 3 of gold with jewels,

great collars filled with perfect jewels 4 to tie on at thy

festivals, and at each of thy celebrations in thy great

strong place in Apt-asu. 5

4 I made for thee an image of the Lord of wrought gold

deposited in its place in thy noble shrine.

5 I made for thee great inscriptions6 of beaten gold, cut

in the great name of Thy Majesty having my adorations. 7

6 I made for thee other inscriptions of beaten silver in

the name of Thy Majesty on the tablet8 of the temple.

7 I made for thee great plates 9 of beaten silver cut in the

name of Thy Majesty engraved with the chisel having

the tablets and registers of the temples which I made in

Ta-mera io

8 during my reign on earth to perpetuate thy name for

ever and ever and ever, thou art their guide “ in respond-

ing face to face.

9 I made for thee other plates of beaten brass,12 they

were six sided of the colour of gold, cut and engraved by

1 Un her heb, “ show face festivals,” i.e., when there was an appearance,

or exhibition of the god.

4 Or “daily,” the word ameni continually increasing.

3 Uta, “ pectoral plates” were so called, also “amulets.”

4 Katmer, or kamer ken, this last word perhaps a variant of seben,“ mixed,” “ various.”

5 Thebes. 6 Or “ scrolls.” 7 Or “ with my prayers.”

8 Or “ the rule of the temple.” 9 Or “ tablets,” annu.

10 The name of Northern Egypt. 11 Or “ prophet.”

12 Or “ bronze.”

3 ° RECORDS OF THE PAST.

the chisel in the great name of Thy Majesty with lists of

the sanctuaries and of the temples also

io the numerous praises, and adorations I made to thy

name, thou wast pleased to hear them Oh Lord of the

gods !

nl made thee a great crater of pure silver, its lip was of

gold cut in thy name, the cover upon it was beaten out

of pure silver, a great vase of gold having covers and

12 I worked for thee (images of honour) 1 of the goddess

Mut and the god Khonsu the work was made anew in

the place 3 of the gold, made of good gold plated all

round with jewels and precious stones, engraved collars

before and behind

13 prepared 3 with their clasps their hearts are delighted on

account of the glorious deeds I did for them.

PLATE 7.

1 I made for thee great tablets at thy treasury plated with

good gold with coverings of precious stones 4 the great

board hinge of silver having coverings 5 of gold touching

the floor.

2 I gave thee ten of tens of thousands of bushels of corn

to supply thy divine offerings continually for transporting

to Thebes 6 every year to fill thy granaries with corn and

barley.

3 I brought thee captives of the Nine bows and prisoners

of the countries of the foreigners for thy court I made

the road to Thebes like a foot leading to thy presence

having numerous offerings.

4 I added to thee festivals in the yearly festivals to offer

before thee at each of thy celebrations. They were pre-

1 Or “ fans.”1 Or “house.”

3 Or “ furnished.” 4 Or “ studded with gems.” 5 “Frames.”

6 Uas, Western Thebes.

pared with bread, beer, cattle, geese, wine, incense, fruit

innumerable. They were contributed anew of the Chiefs

and workmen and in addition to all the honours I gave

thy form.

5 I constructed for thee thy grand barge Userha of 130

cubits on the river, (made) of great cedar trees and rivets

of brass plated with gold moving through the water like

the boat of the Sun going to the land of Bakh giving life to

all who have sight at

6 its appearance, its great cabin within of good gold

(adorned) with settings of all kinds of precious stones, like

the place of “ The God whose face is terrible,” of good

gold from front to back having a cornice of ui'ozi bearing

the atf crown.

7 I lead to thee Punt' with its fragrance to go round

thy divine abode in the morning, I planted incense trees

in thy front court never seen again since former times.

8 I made for thee gallies transports, and ships of war

with soldiers equipped with their arms on the Great

Sea or Mediterranean. I gave them Captains of the

bowmen, and Captains of gallies provided with numerous

crews without number to bring the things of the land of

Taha 1 and the hinder parts of the earth to thy great

treasuries in Uas 3

9 I gave thee flocks of the South and North having

cattle, geese and beasts in hundreds of thousands, having

superintendents, herdsmen, keepers, officers, workmen and

numerous keepers behind carrying fodder for the cattle to

sacrifice Oh Lord of the gods ! to thy image in all thy

festivals. Thy heart is at peace through them.

I gave thee numberless gardens 4 of wine in Southern

Ut and Northern Ut, 5 likewise others in the South in

1 Arabia or the Regio Barbaria. 2 Northern Palestine.3 Western Thebes.

4 Gardens of wine, i.e.,“ vineyards.” 5 The Mareotis.

3 2 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

their numerous reckoning, in the land of the North as it

were hundreds of thousands. I provided them with

numerous gardeners from the captives of all lands having

a pond for my watering

n prepared having lotuses having spirits and wine, bring-

ing water to lay before thy face in powerful Thebes.

12 I planted thy city of Uas 1

with groves, and meadows,

asi flowers,2 and scented flowers for thy nostril.

13 I built a house for thy son Khonsu in Thebes of good

hewn stone of sandstone and black basalt, I plated its

folding doors of the gate with gold, and overlaid it with

electrum like the horizon of heaven.

PLATE 8.

1 I ornamented thy images in the place of the gold hall

with all noble precious stones which my hands brought.

2 I made to thee a noble quarter in the city on the

North, established as thy place of service for ever and

ever, the house of “ Rameses-hek-An, living greatest of

the powerful” 3

it belongs to him for ever and ever !

3 I assigned to it the lands of Egypt, having their tributes

the men of every country, to assemble within it, provided

with great gardens, and places 4 planted with all fruit trees

loaded

4 with their fruit, and a divine pathway covered with

flowers of every land, with asi2 and tufi

i plants and

seeds like sands.

5 I made for thee the support of Egypt overflowing by

the lands of every country, great olive trees having olives

enveloped by walls, all round like parasangs6planted in

1 Western Thebes. 2 A kind of lilly or water plant.

3 The name of the palace. 4 Or “walks.”

5 The reed or papyrus. 6 Or stadia, a great length.

6 groves in all the numerous paths, the oil from them

like the sand of the shore to be brought for thy support

to the powerful Thebes, jars of wine likewise innumerable

I offered to thy face continually.

7 I built for thee thy divine abode in the midst of its

area, fabricating1 and making the construction of square

stone, its doors and its lintels were of gold, nailed together

by brass, I inlaid2

it with precious stones like the bolts

of heaven.

8 I carved in it thy noble figure crowned like the Sun whoilluminates the world with rays, “Amen of Rameses-

hek-An the living,” was its great noble name, I filled its

house with male and female slaves, I brought from the

lands of the East;

9 the horoscopers of the divine abode, who were taken by

selecting the children of the Chiefs, I caused its treasury

to overflow all with things, with things of every land were

its granaries heaped up on high, its herds in the stalls,

were multiplied like the sand

io its cattle was sacrificed to its honour, divine offerings

continually full and pure were before thee. Its barns 3

had fatted geese, its poultry yards had fowls of heaven. 4

i r The gardens had vines bearing fruit, plants and flowers.

12 I made thee a grand house in the land of Khent; 5

I inscribed in it thy noble name, like the heaven above, the

“ house of Rameses-hek-An the greatest of the powerful,”

fixed and with thy name for ever

PLATE 9.

1 I built for thee a sacred abode in the land of Taha 6

like the horizon of heaven which is above, the temple

1 Or “ benevolent indeed.” 2 “ Ornamented.”3 Or “poultry yards.”

4 Such as doves and pigeons. 5 Situation unknown.6 Northern Palestine.

VOL. VI. 4

of Rameses-hek-An, the living, in the land of Kanana 1

2 in the quarter 5 of thy name, I carved thy image reposing 3

in it, the house of Amen of Rameses-hek-An the living.

The nations of the Rutennu 4 came to it

3 bringing their tribute before it to its gods, I brought the

entire land to thee, having their products to bring them

to Thebes, thy holy city,

4 I made to come to thee the hearts of the nomes of

Egypt, they were inclined to thee, the company of the gods

were for thee, making that land well, 5 I built for them

temples, gardens having trees,

5 fields, cattle, herds. Numerous slaves were thine for ever,

thy eye was upon them, thou art their guide for ever !

6 I produced 6 thy very great images which are in the

nomes of the land of Egypt, I made to be sculptured

thy temples

7 which were in ruins. I doubled the appointed offerings

for their eminence 7 besides the continual increase of those

which were before them.

8 Lo such was the collection of all (things) which I madebefore thee, noble divine father, Lord of the gods, menand gods see my glorious actions which I did for thee,

and my energy while upon earth.

PLATE xo.

1 The collection of things, cattle, gardens, fields, gallies,

repositories, cities, which the living King gave to the

house of his noble father

2 Amen Ra, King of the gods, Mut, Khonsu and the

gods of Western Thebes, as property for ever

3 The house 8 of the King Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen

1 Canaan. 2 Thebaid.

3 Or “laid,” “ placed.”

5 Or “ protecting’.”

Syrians, or Mesopotamians.

7 Ka, “ service,” “ dignity,” or “ person.’

6 Bak, “ served.”

8 Or “ temple.”

the living, in the house of Amen, at the South and North

side, under the Chiefs of that temple, provided with all its

things : heads, 62,626.

4 The house of Ra-user-ma, beloved ofAmen, the living, in

the house of Amen, at the South and North side, under

the Chiefs, equipped with all things, 970.

5 The house of Rameses, the Ruler of An, the living, in the

house of Amen, at the South and North side, under the

Chiefs equipped with all its things, 2623.

6 The house 1 of “Rameses the Ruler of An the living

connecting joys ” in the house of Amen, under the High

Priest, equipped with all its things, 49.

7 The cattle herds of Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the

living, in the house of Amen, which are belonging to the

Sun abounding in truth/ beloved of Amen, the living,

captured from the rebels on the great river, 113.

8 The herds of the Sun, abounding in truth, beloved of

Amen, the living, taken 3 from the Mashauasha on “ The

water of the Sun ” under Piai the Superintendent of the

House, of the Mashuasha, 971.

9 The herds of Rameses, the Ruler of An, the living, in

the house of Amen, on the great river, 1867.

10 The herds of Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the living,

in the house of Amen, given by the men of the great

river, under the Governor of the South side, 34.

1 1 The herds of Rameses, Ruler of An, in the house of

Amen, under Kai the Superintendent of oxen, 279.

12 The house of “Rameses Ruler of An, the living, the most

powerful” the cities which His Majesty gave thee in the

South and North, in the district of the house of Amen-Ra,King of the gods called “ the victory,” which thou hast

made. It is established for ever, 7872.

1 Or “temple.” 2 The prenomen of Rameses III.

3 Xef “stripped” “ plundered,” or “caught.”

13 The house of Rameses the Ruler of An, the living, in

the house of Khonsu, 294.

14 The men which he gave to the house of Khonsu in Uas,

Neferhetp, Horus, Nebkhenthat,

pieces2

15 The Kharu and Nahsi which His Majesty captured and

gave to the house of Amen Ra, King of the gods, to

the house of Mut, to the house of Khonsu;pieces, 2607.

16 The bows of the Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the

living, gracious to his temple, in the house of Amen, the

men taken whom he gave to that house, 770.

PLATE n.1 The images, processional statues, the hearts which (are

taken care of by the Chiefs) 3 feather bearers, the Officers

and men of the land

2 which His Majesty gave to the district of the temple of

Amen Ra, King of the gods, for the victories (and) to

answer about them for ever and ever !

3 Gods, 2556, making head, people, 5044.

4 Total of herds, 86,486.

5 Herds and cattle, 421,362.

6 Orchards and gardens, 433.

7 Fields, arouras, 868,168^.

8 Barges, gallies, 83.

9 Chambers 4 of cedar and acacia, 46.

10 Towns of Egypt, 56.

11 Towns of Kharu, 9. Total, 65.

PLATE 12a.

1 The useful things for the service of the men, and all

the persons of the abode of the King of Upper and

1 “ Lord of the extent of heart.”

2Sep, literally, “ turns,” or “ pieces.”

3 A doubtful and difficult sentence, “ are held in office.”

4 Or magazines of cedar and acacia wood.

Lower Egypt, Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen-Ra, the

living, in the house of Amen,

2 on the South and North, who are under the Chiefs of

the house of the Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the living,

in the house of Amen, in the district of the house of

Rameses, Ruler of An, in the house of Amen,

3 the temple of Rameses the Ruler of An, “uniter of

joys” of the Apt, the house of Rameses, the Ruler of An,

in the house of Khonsu, the five herds of cattle

4 made for that house, which the King of Upper and

Lower Egypt, Ra-user-ma, the living, the great god, gave

to their treasury, the store house and the granary with

their annual increase.

5 Fine gold, ten,‘ 217, kat 2

6 Gold of the land of Kabti, ten, 61, kat, 3.

7 Gold of Kush, ten, 290, hat, 8

8 Fine gold of the land, ten

569, kat, 6 *4 .

9 Silver, ten, 10,964, kat, 9.

10 Total gold and silver, ten, 11,546, kat, 8.

11 Brass, ten, 26,320.

12 Royal linen, fine byssus, coloured cloths, 3,722.

13 Linen, ten, 3,795.

14 Incense, wax, oil, perfumes, 31,049.

PLATE 12b.

1 Spirits and wine, aan, 25,405.

2 Silver in things, of the work of the men given for divine,

offerings, ten

3,606, kat, 1.

3 Sacks of corn prepared by the labourers, 309,950.

4 Bundles of fodder, 24,650.

1Ten, the highest Egyptian Troy weight, equal to go grammes or

1400 grains Troy.2 Kat, the drachm or ounce, equal to 9 grammes or 140 grains Troy.

3 Or “liquors.”

5 Flax, nekht,

T64,000.

6 Waterfowl taken by the fowlers, 289,530.

7 Oxen, heifers, steers, calves, cattle of Kat, 2cattle of Ru,

cattle of Egypt, 849.

8 Oxen, heifers, steers, calves of the produce of the herds

of Khari 3 17. Total, 866.

9 Valuable geese, 544.

10 Cedar boat, heads 11.

1 1 Acacia boat of the port of the shore, boats for the

conveyance of cattle, gallies, and transports, 31.

12 Total of cedar and acacia boats, 82.

13 The things of Ut 4 in many numbers for divine offerings.

PLATE 13a.

1 Gold, silver, real lapis lazuli, real stones, bronze,

s byssus

linen, (other) cloth.6

2 Finest byssus, coloured linen, 7 liquors,8

- waterfowl, all

the things which the King of the Upper and Lower

country, Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the living, the

great god gave

3 as offerings of the living Lord for supplies (to) the house

of his noble father, Amen-Ra, King of the gods, Mut,

(and) Khonsu, from

4 the first year to the thirty-first year,9 making thirty-one

years.

5 Good gold signets, 42, making ten,21.

6 Good gold settings of rings for the finger, 22, making ten

3, kat, 3.

1 “Cuttings,” or cut.2 Kat, the same as the drachm, probably cattle of weight.3 Northern Syria, or Palestine.4 Supposed to be the lake Mareotis.5 Baa, copper, or metal in general.6 Called maku, a mixed material.

8 Onti, or “ scents.”

7 Or, linen for scribes.

9 Of his reign.

7 Good gold with gems, rings for the finger, 9, making

ten, 1, kat, 3^.8 Good gold, settings of gems, and all real precious stones,

pendants of the pillar of Amen, i, ten, 22, kat, 5.

9 Good gold beaten into a sheet 1, making ten, 9, kat, 5^-10 Total of wrought good gold, ten, 57, kat, 5.

x 1 Gold of second (quality)1

setting gems in finger rings, 42,

making ten, 2, kat, 5^.1 2 Gold of second (quality) beakers, 30, making ten, 2, kat, 5.

13 Total of gold of second quality, ten, 35, kat, y2 .

14 White gold 3rings for the finger, 310, making ten, 16,

kat, 3^.

PLATE 13b.

x White gold name rings, 264, making ten, 48, kat, 4.

2 White gold made into rings for the fingers of the god,

108, making ten, 717, kat, 8.

3 White gold coverings of pectoral plates, 155, making

ten, 6, kat, 2.

4 Total of white gold ten, 90, kat, 7^.

5 Total of good gold, of second (quality) gold, of white

gold, ten, 183, kat, 5.

6 A silver crater the lip of gold on a stand, making ten, 1 12,

kat, 5.

7 A silver cover of a crater, making ten, 12, kat, 3.

8 The silver ladle of a crater, making ten, 27, kat, 7.

9 Silver craters, 4, making ten, 57, kat, 4^.10 Silver amshoirs 3 having covers, 31, making ten, 105,

kat, 4.

11 Silver squares having covers, 31, making ten, 74, kat, 4.

1 Either bitter, or sefi snab “ twice,” i.e., “ twice refined,” or else inferior

second class, being- mentioned after best nefer, or good gold.

’ A distinction is drawn between mil hut, “ gold white,” and hut nub,

“ white gold,” silver; the first is reckoned with gold and may be electrum.

3 Or “censers.”

12 Silver arku ,'

6, making ten

30, hat, 3.

13 Silver beaten plates, 1, making ten

19, kat

3^.14 Silver beaten tablets, 2, making ten, 287, kat, y2 .

1 5 Silver beaten,’ ten, 1 00.

16 Total of silver and beaten vases, ten, 827, kat, 1 y.

PLATE 14a.

1 Total of gold and silver in beaten or wrought vases,

ten, 1,010, kat, 6%.2 Stones of real lapis lazuli, 2, making ten, 14, kat, y2 .

3 Bronze 3 beaten tablets, 4, making ten, 822.

4 Incense, ten, 5140.

5 Incense, measures, 43.

6 Incense, hannu,

7 Incense, wood of, 15.

8 Cakes of incense, in ephas, 100.

9 Royal linen dresses, 37.

10 Royal linen overcoats, 94.

11 Royal linen garments, 55.

1 2 Royal linen caps, 1 1

13 Royal linen sheets of Horus, 2.

14 Royal linen utu, 1.

15 Royal linen ear flaps,6690.

16 Royal linen straps, 489.

1 7 Royal linen clothes of the statue of Amen, 4.

PLATE 14b.

1 Total of royal linen of different kinds, 1383.

2 Mixed’ linen cases, 1.

1 The word arku has the determinative of basket and measure, and is

probably a vessel.

* Kankan, possibly “ various,” rather than “ beaten ” silver in various

articles.

3 Or, “ copper,” I-aa.

4 Same as corn measure. 5 Or “ hins.” 6 Ateks.

7 Maku, “ mixed material.”

3 Mixed linen caps, 1.

4 Mixed linen ties,1clothes of the (statue)

3 of the god

Amen, i.

5 Mixed linen clothes, various, 3.

6 Good South linen coverlids, 2.

7 Good South linen utttt, 4.

8 Good South linen overcoats, 5.

9 Good South linen ear flaps, 31.

10 South linen straps, 29.

1 1 Good South linen tunics, 4.

12 Total of various good South linen clothes, 75.

13 Embroidered 3 caps, 876.

14 Embroidered girdles, 6779.

15 Total of coloured 4 cloths, various, 7125.

16 Total of royal, mixed, fine and coloured, various, 8586.

PLATE 15a.

1 White 5 incense, jars, 2159.

2 White incense, jars, 12.

3 Honey, jars, 1065.

4 Oil of Kami,6jars, 2743.

5 Oil of Kharu, 7 masa jars, 53.

6 Oil of Kharu, jars, 1757.

7 White 8fat, jars, 91 1.

8 Goose fat, jars, 385.

9 Paint, jars, 20.

10 Total of cosmetics, tensemen,weight, 9125.

11 Spirits of wine, coloured jars, 1377.

12 Spirits of wine, jugs, 9 mi.13 Wine, jars, 20,078.

1 Katata. 3Pa-^a-neter, “ noble wood.”

3 Either painted, or else “ scribe’s caps.”4 Or, “ scribe’s clothes.”

5 Either hut, “white,” or uat, “green,” “fresh.”

7 The Syrian Coast. 8 Or, “fresh.”

6 Egypt-

9 Kabu.

14 Total of spirits and wine, jars and jugs, 22,556.

15 Cornelian 1

pectoral plates, 185.

16 Lapis lazuli pectoral plates, 217.

PLATE 15b.

x Jasper scarabs, 62.

2 Turquoise scarabs, 224.

3 Natron, and salt scarabs, 224.

4 Lapis lazuli scarabs, 62.

5 Various stone scarabs and pectoral plates, 165.

6 Various stone signets with bezels, 3 62.

7 Crystal signets, 1,550.

8 Crystal beads, 155,000.

9 Crystal pieces of vases, 155.

Wood for ship building, 31.

x An alabaster slab, 1

1 2 Cedar harps, 6.

13 A cedar rule, 1.

14 Palm trees 3, weighing ten, 610.

15 A mulberry tree 1, weighing ten, 800.

16 Bundles of straw, 19.

PLATE 1 6a.

1 The plant ta s'heps, sacks, 246.

2 The plant ta s'heps, bundles, 82.

3 Fruit, sacks, 52.

4 Nakapetha fruit, sacks, 125.

5 Aufta 4 fruit, sacks, xoi.

6 Dates from Mahau, sacks, 26.

7 Beans, bushels 5of, 46.

8 Grapes, quantities,61809.

9 Grapes, bunches, 1869.

' Hers, a stone of two different colours.

3 Or, “ settings.” 4 Or, Futa.

6 Bushels.

2 Nu, “ glass.”

5 Or, “ measure.”

10 Fruit of the doum palm, bunches, 375.

11 Dates, ephas, 1668.

12 Cattle, various, 299.

13 Water-fowl,' 2490.

14 Geese of another kind, 5200.

15 Geese, living/ 126,300.

PLATE 1 6b.

1 Fat geese, flocks, 20.

2 Natron, bricks, 44,000.

3 Salt, bricks, 44,000.

4 Onions, ropes, 180.

5 Onions, loads, 50.

6 Onions, senthata, 77.

7 Onions, liana,

8 Sebkh 3 plants, 60.

9 Pesht flowers, bekhens, 1150.

10 Atenakcif 60.

11 Onions, sacks, 50.

12 Pure and selected, 250..

13 Corn for the divine offerings of the festivals of the

heaven, and the annual festivals which the King Ra-

user-ma, beloved of Amen, the living, the great god

14 has given continually in addition to his father Amen-Rathe King of the gods, Mut, Chonsu, and all the gods of

the Thebaid, the divine offerings, made double for 5

15 those which were before from his first year to his 31st

year making 31 years, 2,981,674 measures.

PLATE 17a.

1 The offerings of the festivals augmented by the King,

the Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the living, the great

god, for his father Amen1 Or, “ living geese,” or “ geese pairs.”

2 Or, “pairs.” 3 Unknown plant or fruit.

4 Unknown plant or fruit. 5 Kab, or “ increase.”

2 Ra, the King of the gods, Mut, Chonsu, and all the

gods of the Thebaid for the twenty days’ offerings of the

festivals,

3 the Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the living, the

festivals of the Thebaid to Amen, from the 26th of the

month Pachons, to the 15th of the month Payni,

4 making twenty days, from the 22nd to the 32nd year,

making eleven years, with the offerings of

5 the festivals of Southern Apt, from the nineteenth of

of Mechir to the 15th of Phamenoth, making 27 days,

6 the first to the 31st year, making 31 years.

7 Good bread, for offerings, 1,057.

8 Good bread, great tails, 1,277.

9 Good bread, large phalli, 1,277.’

10 Good bread, like enclosures, 440.

11 Good bread, for offering, great rolls, 43,620.

1 2 Papyrus slips or roots for the place of incense, 685.

13 Beer for the cellar, bottles, 4,401, making ....14 Good bread, flesh, flour for the show place, hoteps

15 Good bread, flesh, flower, great baskets of gold, 3485.

PLATE 17b.

1 Good bread, flesh, flour for eating, hoteps,11,220.

2 Good bread, flesh, flour for eating, 9845.

3 Good bread, flesh, flour, plates for the Chief (of the

temple), 3720.

4 Good bread for divine offerings, baskets of gold full, 375.

5 Good bread for divine offerings, baats, 62,540.

6 Good bread for divine offerings,/^, 106,792.

1 For ta en hanuu, bread in shape of a phallus, see Brugsch, IVorterbucli

>534 -

2 A quantity, perhaps “basket.”3 Or baskets; the character being either tna “basket,” or nub, “gold,”

the hoteps may be also baskets.

7 Good bread of white flour for divine offerings, pyramids,

13,020.

8 Good bread, great loaves for food, 6200.

9 Good bread, ornamental pastry, 24,800.

10 Good bread, biscuits, 16,665.

11 Good bread, great loaves, 992,750.

12 Good wheaten bread, loaves, 13,340.

13 Good bread, white pyramidal loaves for offering, 572,000.

14 Good bread, pyramidal loaves, 46,500.

15 Good bread, buns kolusta ,' 441,800.

PLATE 1 8a.

1 Good bread for offering, 127,400.

2 Kiki,white pyramidal loaves, 116,400.

3 Good bread, cakes, 262,000.

4 Total of good bread, different loaves, 2,844,357.

5 Fine flour, sacks temtem, 444.

6 Flour, ephas apt, 48,420.

7 Fine flour, ephas apt

28,200.

8 Meal, jars, tut? 3,130.

9 Spirit, amphora,2,210.

10 Spirit, earthen jugs, 310.

11 Wine, amphora, 39,510.

12 Total spirits and wine, amphora, 42,030.

13 Beer, various hins, 219,215.

14 Sweet balsam, 3 amphora, 93.

15 Sweet balsam, or oil hins, hannu, 1,100.

PLATE 1 8b.

1 White incense, amphora, 62.

2 Incense ephas, apt various, 308,093, amounting to 4

1 Kelushta of the Egyptians, the Greek kallisteus, a painted cake or

kind of bread. See Pollux, Onomasticon, Lauth, Zeitsch. f agypt. Spr.

1868, p. 91, (1. 5).

3 Tut either a Kalalhos or jar. 3 Bika, or “palm wine.”

4 Some weight omitted.

3 Incense for burning, 1 amphora

4 Red balsam, 2 amphora, 31.

5 Oil, nekh, amphora, 93.

6 Oil, bins, 110,000.

7 Horrey, a??iphora, 310.

8 White fat, amphora, 93.

9 Olive oil, amphora, 62.

Southern linen, ribbons, 155.

xi Southern linen, sashes, 31.

12 Linen coloured, covers or cushions, 31.

13 Coloured straps, 44. Total, 261.

14 Wax, ten, 3100.

15 All good fruit, sacks, 620.

16 All kinds of good fruits, pints, 620.

PLATE 19a.

1 An fruit, hoteps, 559,500.

2 Fruit, baskets, 98,550.

3 Figs for work people, ephas, 310.

4 Figs for work people, weighed, 1410.

5 Figs, bunches, 55.

6 Figs in ephas, 15,500.

7 Figs, pints, 310.

8 Flax, hanks, 3100.

9 Taas, or ta s’heps, plants, hoteps, 220.

10 Taas, or ta s'heps, fruit, bunches, 155.

11 Sesamum, hoteps, 1550.

12 Shamaten, com, bushels, 620.

13 Khiguna, bushels, 310.

14 Khiguna, grapes, 6200.

15 Grapes, mesta,

3 117.

16 Grapes, pints, 1550.

1 Sika “to light,” “to burn.”

2 Or, “ palm wine.” 3 “Bunch.”

PLATE 19b.

1 Southern per com, bushels, 8985.

2 Grapes, sacks, 620.

3 Papyrus sandals, 15,210.

4 Salt, measures, 1515.

5 Salt, bricks, 69,200.

6 Natron, bricks, 75,400.

7 Dresses, pieces, 150.

8 Flax, sebyt 265.

9 Water reeds, bundles, 3270.

10 Writing reeds, bundles, 4200.

11 Leather sandals, pairs, 3720.

12 Doum dates in ephas, 449,500.

13 Aluhamaa in ephas, apt, 15,500.

14 Aluhamaa, perira, 1240.

15 Olives, pints, 310.

16 Earthen jars of water, 9610.

PLATE 20a.

1 Papyrus seeds in ephas, apts, 3782.

2 Dates in ephas, 930.

3 Cows, 419.

4 Heifers, 290.

5 Bulls, 18.

6 Steers, 281.

7 Young bulls, 3.3

8 Calves, 740.

9 Buffaloes, 19.4

10 Cattle, 1 1 12.

11 Total of all sorts of cattle, 2892.

12 Deer of the antelope leucoryx, 1.

13 Antelopes, 54.

1 “ Broken.”"

Supposed to be dried grapes, raisins.

4Tefiu so called from their blowing.

3 Tersa, taurus.

14 Ibex goats, 1.

15 Dorcas goats, 81.

16 Total, 137.

17 Total of all sorts of cattle, 3029.

PLATE 20b.

1 Geese, 1

living, 6820.

2 Geese, \na,

2(living), 1410.

3 Geese, living, 1534.

4 Cranes, 3 living,4 150.

5 Ducklings, living, 4060.

6 Water-fowl, living, 25,020.

7 Turtle doves, living, 57,810.

8 Birds, living, 5 21,700.

9 Geese, living, 1240.

10 Pigeons,6living, 65 10.

11 Total, various fowl, 126,250.

1 2 Earthen jars,7 of water having wooden wells8filled with

fish, 440.

13 Fresh fish, 2200.

14 Sliced fish, 15,500.

15 Salted ukas 9 fish, 15,500.

PLATE 21a.

1 Prepared fish, 441,000.

2 Plants worked as flowers in screens, 124.

3 Tall nosegays of plants, 3100.

4 Plants worked in fragrant flowers in baskets, 15,500.

5 Waterflowers 10in ephas, 124,351.

1 Some read “ fat.”1 The Chen or Chenalopex, of the Greeks.

3 Tau the Grushcinerea. 4 Or pairs throughout.5 Pat.

6 The bird or nestling of heaven.7 Karhu are the modern gooleh of the Arabs.

3 Kar she xnun, having wood or tree.

9 Ukas, liiure anointing oil. See Champollion, Mon. Eg. Text. Descr., p.479.IO The Asi was a marsh flower, or kind of lotus-

6 Flower crowns, 60,450.

7 Flower buds, 1

8 Blue flower, chains, 12,400.

9 Flowers, handfuls, 46,500.

10 Flowers, tetmers,no.

11 Lotus, handfuls, 144,720.

12 Lotus nosegays, 3410.

14 Papyrus tufi, nosegays, 68,200.

15 Papyrus titfi, handfuls, 349,000.

PLATE 21b.

1 Great nosegays, ab,made of flowers, 19,150.

2 Palm branches,’ 65,480.

3 Palm cuttings, 3 3100.

4 Fodder, tetmer,2170.

5 Fodder trusses, 770,200.

6 Waterflowers, handfuls, 128,650.

7 Corn, nosegays, 11,000.

8 Straw, handfuls, 31,000.

9 Vegetable, nosegays, 1,975,800.

10 Vegetables, hoteps, 1,975,800.

11 The addition to it of the 2756 statues and hearts

besides those which were before.

12 Good gold, silver, ten, 18,252, hat, 1

13 Real stones and other stones, ten, 18,214, hat, 3.

14 Black metal,4 and white metal, lead and (tin), 5 112,132.

15 Cedar ash wood, various trees, 328.

16 Persea wood, various trees, 4415.

1 Karu huta. 2 Matau. 3 Hank.

4 Baa or “ bronze,” the Egyptians had no brass ; the metal baa is said

to be “ black,” “white,” and the “colour” of gold.

s Tehi, an unknown metal, often mentioned with these mixed metals.

VOL. VI. 5

5 ° RECORDS OF THE PAST.

PLATE 2 2.

1 Rejoice on what that god has assented to thee Amen the

bull of his mother, the Ruler of the Thebaid,

wilt let me approach, save thou me, conducted in peace

2 that I may be reposing in Ta-ser like the gods, be

associated to the perfect spirits of Manu 9 who are be-

holding thy beams at the morning.

3 Hear my prayer my Father, my Lord, may I be one of

the company of the gods who is with thee. Crown mySon as King in the place of Atum, make him

4 a powerful hero, living Lord of the Lands, King of

Upper and Lower Egypt Lord of the two Lands, Ra-

user-ma approved of Amen, the living, Son of the Sun,

Lord of diadems, Rameses the true Ruler, beloved of

3 the living, the substance

5 proceeding from thy limbs. Thou art leading him to

be King. He is a boy, appoint him for living Ruler, over

the country, and over mortals, and let him reign for

millions of years,

6 and all his time appointed with health and power, s place

thy crown on his head, seated on thy throne, the two

ursei on his brow, may his divinity make

7 him beyond

all Kings, his greatness like thy Chieftain-

ship as Lord of the Nine bows,’ make his limbs grow as a

boy daily8 thou art a buckler behind 9 him

1Uas, the district of Thebes, especially VV. Thebes or Medinet Habu.

"Region of the sea or ocean.

3 Names and titles of Rameses IV.4 Essence, mai the sperme, semen.5 Or, “ perfect in welfare and health.”6 Or, “ greater than all kings.”7 Western Barbarians, a kind of Enneapolis or confederation of nine

tribes.

8 “ Make his limbs youthful as a child continually.”

9 Ha tep, an ambiguous expression; bucklers are generally held" before,” though they were sometimes worn by Egyptians on their backs.

8 daily, make his sword and his mace'powerful over the

Eastern foreigners, fallen at the fear of him as to Baal.2

He may enlarge his frontiers at his wish.

9 Terrified (are) all lands and countries at his approach.

Make Tameri 3 rejoiced. Defeat all the evil, enemies

and all assaulters :

10 grant him to be established in heart, resolute in heart,

music, song, and dance before his beautiful face, give

the love of him in the heart of the gods and goddesses,

the delight and the reverence of him

1 1 in the hearts of men. Fulfil the good things which

thou toldest 4 me on earth for my son who is upon mythrone. Allow him it to transmit 5 his

12 kingdom to the son of his son, be thou to them for

defence answering for them. They are to thee as servants

are, their eyes are upon thee making the glories6

PLATE 23.

1 of thy person for ever and ever. Conduct them, makethem continually religious. Thy words they are stable as

brass.

2 Assignest 7 thou to me a rule of 200 years make them for

my son who is on earth;prolong

3 his duration of life beyond all Kings in return for the

merits6 which I have done to thy person. What the

King does through thy order

4 thou crownestit; 8 do not undo 9 what thou hast done.

O Lord of the gods make the Nile overflow10

in his

days to1 Or “club,” it is however a wooden weapon.

2 Baal and Astarte are the chief gods of the Phoenicians.3 Northern Egypt. 4 Or, “promised.”5 Literally, “let” or “be it that he may connect or tie his kingdom.”

6 Xu, or “ glorious actions.”7 A change of person as in Sallier Papyrus. 8 “ Let it succeed.”

9 Or, “ may it not retrocede ” or “ be brought back.”10 “ A great powerful inundation.”

5 supply his kingdoms with plenty of food. Let the Chiefs

the molesters of Egypt laden

6 on their backs come to his noble palace, the King, the

Lord of the two worlds, the Ra-user-ma, approved of

Amen, the living, Son of the Sun, Lord of Diadems,

Rameses the true Ruler, beloved of Amen, the living.1

PART II.—HELIOPOLIS.

PLATE 24.

Coloured plate representing the king standing in adoration

before the gods of Heliopolis, Haremakhu, Turn, Nausaas,

and Athor Nebhetep.

PLATE 25.

1 The adorations, glorifications, prostrations commending

the Inerits3 which the King, the Sun abounding in truth,

beloved of Amen, the living, the great god, made2 to his father Tum, Lord of the two countries of An, to

Ra-Harmak.hu, to Nausaas, to Nebthetp, and all the

gods of An. Said the King, abounding in truth, beloved

of Amen, the great god

3 adoring his father that noble god, Tum Lord of the two

lands of Annu, Ra-Harmakhu. Glory to thee, Oh Ra,

Tum universal Lord, creator of those who are, rising

4 in the heaven, illuminating this world with his rays, the

hidden, and those in the West turn their face to thee,

they rejoice at the sight of thy beauty, all persons are

delighted at

5 thy appearance, thou hast made heaven and earth, thou

hast made me King on the two lands the living Ruler

on thy great throne thou hast handed over to me the

whole lands to

Rameses IV.* “ Glorious actions.”

6 the circle of the Sun’s orb;they are afraid falling pros-

trate at my name as they are at thy name, approaching

to offer numerous mighty presents

7 to thy house. I have caused to be carved thy enceinte

in the house of Ra, filling thy treasury with the things of

the lands of Kami 1 loading its granaries with grain and

barley,

8 they were going to stand still since these are Kings. I

formed a statue of thy known form, I placed it in the

shrine which is in thy divine house, I made directions for

9 priests who are in the house of Ra, I gave the divine

allowances of food more than were before,

io I made An to be pure to the circle of its gods. I built

its temples which were gone to decay. I sculptured their

gods in their secret shapes, of gold silver and all

precious stones, an eternal work,

nl made thee a grand house, within thy temple, firm as

heaven, having the orb of the Sun before thee, founded

with sandstone laid on granite, carved munificently5

PLATE 26.

1 in good work, remaining on thy name. It is a great

secret horizon, of Harmachis, the great seat of gold, the

bolts of katmer, thy mother reposing

2 in it. She is rejoiced, satisfied with its view. I provided

it with recruits of my foundation, utensils, fields, cattle

without number.

3 I made to thee great statues in Pa-Ra of granite stone,

figures of Tum, they are in great images, benevolent in

(their,) conveyance,

4 reposing on their seat for the eternity in thy great,

1 Egypt.5 S-menx, “ doing it liberally ” or “ generously,” menx em art,

“ perfect

work,” as in the inscriptions of the Hatasu obelisk.

splendid, favoured court, engraved with thy divine name,

like the heaven.

5 I made to thee splendid ornaments of good gold with

meh, with real lapis lazuli, real turquoises. I let thy

body be set up in the great house, glorifying thy dignity

6 in thy strong seat. My noble limbs protect by yearly

gifts thy great beloved image.

7 I made to thee a secret chapel of ma-stone, Tum,

Tefnut reposing in it, the bolts on it of brass covered

8 with gold, engraved with the great name of ThyMajesty for the eternity.

9 I made to thee great scrolls for the use of thy temple

remaining in the library of the land Mera 1 making the

stands to hold (them) graved with the chisel, remaining

to thee for the eterm'ty without diminution.

10 I made to thee a splendid balance of electrum, it was

not made anything like it since the time of the god,

Thoth sitting above it as the master of balance

1 1 as a great splendid baboon of gold in skilful work,

weighing in it before thy face, supplying thee with gold,

silver as hundred thousands, conveyed as tributes

PLATE 27.

1 before thee in their trunks given to thy splendid

treasury in Pa-Tum. I added to it offerings continually

to provide its altars every morning.

2 I made to thee apartments for opening on festivals

building (them) on holy ground in the land of An, of

divine work. I filled them with good slaves of selection,

corn to ten thousands to provide them.

3 I made to thee a holy apartment with offerings increasing

those which were before so long as Kings are. I supplied

them with all things without deficiency to provide the

circle of thy gods on the morning.

1 Northern Egfypt.

4 I made to thee an apartment of sacrifices in thy theatre

full of offerings, numerous gifts with great sacrifices on

gold and silver to present them to thy form Oh Lord of

gods. I furnished them,

5 I completed them with corn and barley the spoil which

I brought from the Nine bows. They are to thy form,

Oh unique god who made heaven and earth. Multiplied

are the yearly festivals before thee.

6 I made to thee stables containing young oxen, apart-

ments to bring up fowls anew with geese and ducks.

7 I let be purified the divine lakes of thy house. I removed

all evil which was on them. They increased after their

plan since the time of the creation of earth. Thy gods

are satisfied and rejoiced with them.

8 I gave shethu and vines to be conveyed to the land of

An thy strong secret seat, orchards, meadows, nurseries

anew, the Lords of the land of life live upon them.

9 I made to thee large gardens provided with their trees,

with shethu,vines in the house of Tum. The circle of

gods of Hek-kes, 1

enjoys the festivals to satisfy thy

beauty daily.

io I made to thee lands of olives in thy town An. I pro-

vided them with gardeners, numerous people for making

pure first-rate oil of Egypt to burn the lamps in thy

splendid abode.

nl made to thee alleys and woods with acacias and dates,

lakes provided with lotusses, papyrus, asi flowers, flowers

of every land, tetmer,

aas, khant,

odoriferous for thy

fine face.

1 2 I made to thee new grounds with pure sherat I multi-

plied their fields which were diminished to multiply the

sacrifices with all things for thy great, splendid and

beloved name.1 Name of Heliopolis.

2 Corn or barley.

PLATE 28.

1 I made to you numerous fields on the islands a new in

the Southern and Northern district as ten thousands,

made for them tablets inscribed with thy name. Thouremainest in the scrolls to the eternity.

2 I let be filled the cage with birds. I let be brought an

aviary1

to thy town An for offering them to thy form, father

Ra. Convey to the circle of thy gods who is in thy company.

3 I made to thee a treasury guard bringing their yearly

works to thy splendid treasury.

4 I made to thee a hunting guard to bring antelopes to

offer them to thy form on all festivals.

5 I gave to thee boatmen and carters of people of myfoundation to load the product of the lands, the income

to bring them in ship to the treasury in Pa Ra to multiply

thy offerings for millions of times.

6 I gave slaves for the service of thy harbour to serve the

harbour on thy strong seat.

7 I made watchmen from slaves provided with men to

serve and protect thy theatre.

8 I made slaves of the service for the use of thy harbour,

the service of thy holy grain for thee in the same manner.

9 I made to thee granaries full of corn, what was gone

backwards, became to millions.

I made to thee statues of fabricated gold reaching the

earth before thee with offerings. I made others in the

same manner of pure silver to satisfy thy eminence in

every time.

ixl made a great inner hall on thy theatre with vessels of

gold and silver for shethu,

2 provided with offerings in

numerous things to present them to thy form, Oh great

prince.

1 Not exactly an aviary, but a vivarium for birds and other animals.

’ Spirits.

12 I made to thee vessels for water without number of

silver and gold with meh ’ inscribed on thy name, per-

fuming-pans, jars, large baskets, jugs, cans, numerous

pots to convey them to

13 thy face with water and wine. The circle of thy gods is

satisfied and joyed at them.

PLATE 29.

1 I made to thee ships of burthen equipped with crews to

bring the things of Taneter 2to thy treasury and thy store

house.

2 I made for thee, and built the house of Horus in front

of the temples, building its precincts which were ruined.

3 I let be planted for thee, the noble wood which is

within it, placing meadows and papyrus within the fields.

It was going to rest since before.

4 I gave thee to plant, the pure wood of thy divine abode,

I put it in its proper place, which was bare, I provided

it with gardeners to plant it, to water the shcthu in the

place which is known.

5 I gave to thee great festivals of thy front court more

than what was before since there were kings, prepared with

young cattle, goats of the hill, oil, frankincense, and honey,

6 fermented liquors, wine, gold, silver, royal linen, numerous

clothes, vegetables, and all flowers for thy handsome face 5

7 I made thee great festivals in the temple of Hapi

the company of the gods strives to appear in the festival.

8 I made thee a grand house on the North of An, con-

structed of eternal work, engraved in thy name, the house 5

of millions of years of Rameses, Ruler of An, the living,

in the house of Ra, in the North of An, 6I provided it

1 Gems. 2 Northern Arabia.3 This epithet is contrasted with “terrible face” of Chnum.

4 The Nile. 5 Or “ temple.”6 Tel-el-Yahoudeh, the remains of this temple existed till very lately.

with men and things to be led to thy house, and gardens

having flowers for thy front court.

9 I made for thee herds of cattle making it glorious,

prepared with numerous cattle without number, given as

an offering1

to thy form in all thy festivals, I doubled

their progeny which were to thy name,

io I gave to thee herds for thy noble house to supply thy

divine abode with numerous supplies, “ the herds of

Rameses, the Ruler of An, the living, multiplied and

placed in the house of Ra,” filling them with beasts, and

keepers also, never to fail for thy person,

nl gave to thee masons, builders and carvers to carve

thy noble house, to restore thy abode.

12 I made for thee “the house of Rameses, the Ruler of

An, the living, in the house of Ra ” provided with men and

things like the sand.

PLATE 30.

1 I made for thee the great Western abode, and lake of

thy mother Nausaas the Ruler of An.

2 I let thee have sacred possession of numerous families,

bringing their sons to thy house, transporting others.2

3 I made to be raised for thee black cattle, and great

bulls, pure without blemish in the fields.

4 I made large boats for thy great daughters Nausaas,

Nebhetp the choice in An

5 of cedar, of nara, the head of khentesh wood, they were

plated with gold, like a boat of millions of years.

6 Lo their registers, 3 before thee, Oh My Father Lord, to

let the circle of thy gods see my merits. 4

1 Or “ to offer them.”

3 Or “ the prey of foreigners.”

3 Sehuu, “assembly,” or “ review.” 4 Or “glorious deeds.”

PLATE 31.

1 The register of the things, of the cattle, gardens,

orchards, fields, boats, store houses, cities which the King,

beloved of Amen, the living, the great god, gave

2 his noble father Tum, Lord of the two lands of An, Ra,

Harmakhu, as possessions for ever and ever :

3 The house of Rameses, Ruler of An, the living, in the

house of Ra under the authority,1

of Urma 2 Chiefs with

all things, heads 1485.

4 The men he gave to the house of Tum, Lord of the

two lands of An, Ra Harmakhu, who are in the

dominion of the temple under his authority 4583.

5 Those of the temple of Rameses, Ruler of An, the

living and well, in the house of Ra on the North of An,

under the authority of the Scribe and Chief Constructor

Pa-ra-fiotep prepared with all its things 2177.

6“ The new place of the pialace of life and health” 3 which

is in that place under the authority of the Scribe, the

Chief Constructor, Tetimes, Chiefs 1779.

7 The new place 4 of Rameses the Ruler of An, the living,

and well 5 the life of the two lands which is under the

authority of the Scribe, the Chief of the Constructors,

Har-ai 247.

8 The officers, children, chief Mariuni b Aperui 7 and

established men who are in that place 2093. Total

heads 12,963.

PLATE 32a.

1 The different cattle, 45,544.

2 Gardens and orchards, 64.

1Literally “ the stick.”

3 Compare the word Ulema.3 The Pharaoh.

4 Or “shore.” 5 Some read “may he live for ever.”

6 Title of Syrian chiefs or people.

7 The word supposed to be Hebrews.

6o RECORDS OF THE PAST.

3 The fields, acres,1

160,084 Yz Y-4 The store places of cedar and acacia wood, 5 y.

5 Transport vessels, boats, 3.

6 Towns of Kami, 2103.

7 The required property of the work people of the house

of Rameses, Ruler of An, the living, in the house of Ra,

8 those of the house of Rameses, Ruler of An, the living,

in the house of Ra on the North of An, the temples and

herds of that house

9 under the power of the Chiefs, in their yearly tribute

the silver, ten, 586, kat, 3^ y.

PLATE 32b.

1 Bronze, ten, 1260.

2 The royal linen, the common linen,4 the better Southern

linen, the good Southern linen, the Southern Scribe 5

cloths, various, 1019.

3 The divine incense, honey, oil, various jars, 482.

4 Spirits of wine and wine, various jars, 2385.

5 Silver in things for the use6 of the men for divine

offerings, ten, 456, kat, 3 *4.

6 Corn of the produce of the husbandmen, bushels, 77,100.

7 Green herbs, bundles, 4800.

8 Hemp, trusses, 4000.

9 Fowl, the produce of the fowlers, and netters, 37,465.

10 Oxen, heifers, various calves, cattle of kat,'' number of

herds, 98.

1 1 Ducks, by purchase, 547.

12 Cedar barks, 1.

13 Acacia boats of burthen and transport, 7.

Or “ cubits square.”

Egypt. 3 Heliopolis.

5 Or “ coloured.”

4 Maku.

6 Or, “ the work, already used.” 7 Or, “ weight.”

14 The property of Ut

in numerous reckonings for the

sacred support.

PLATE 33a.

1 The gold, silver, real lapis lazuli, real turquoise, precious

gems, black brass, and royal linen, mixed linen, Southern

linen, Southern Scribeacloth,

2 perfumes, all the property which the

3 King, the Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the living, the

great god, gave as tribute to the living Lord, Tum, Lord of

the lands of An, Ra, and Harmakhu,

4 from the first to the 31st year: 31 years.

5 Good gold of his land, gold of the balance, ten, 1278,

kat, 9 y-i

6 the pure gold, choice gold, white gold 3 in vases andornaments, ten

, 198, kat, y/2.

7 Total of gold, ten, 1479, 3.

8 Silver of its land of the balance, silver vases, ten, 1891,

kat, y2 .

9 Silver beaten plates 1, making ten, 394.

10 Total of silver ten, 2255, kat, yz .

11 Total of gold and silver, ten, 3 734, kat, y/2 .

12 Real lapis stones, 1, making ten, 1, kat, 1.

13 Lapis and turquoise scarabs of large size, 36.

14 Black bronze of the balance, ten, 67, kat, 3.

15 Bronze beaten plates, 2, making ten, 400, kat, 3.

PLATE 33b.

1 Bronze vases, ten, 1416, kat, 1.

2 Total of bronze ten

1819, kat, 1.

3 Royal linen, mixed 4 linen, good South linen, South

linen coloured cloths, various, 18,793.

1 Supposed to have been the lake Mareotis.

2 Or “ coloured.” 3 Electrum. 4 Maku.

4 Perfumes, ten, 1787.

5 Perfumes, bushels, 2.

6 Incense, or gum trees, 10.

7 Balls' of incense, or gum in ephas 100.

8 Frankincense, oil, honey, cosmetics, various, 3740.

9 Spirits, wine, various jars, 103,550.

10 Frankincense preparations,’ 530.

11 Frankincense, great ephas, 62.

1 2 Best manna of Punt, 3 ten,300.

13 Steatite signets tipped with gold, n.

14 Alabaster, ten, 50.

PLATE 34a.

1 Green felspar, ten, 50.

2 Jasper, ten,200.

3 Stone of iron haematite, table, 41

4 Steatite signets, 200.

5 Crystal, and gem pieces, various, ten, 2195.

6 Crystal carved, hin, 10.

7 Crystal beads, 22,450.

8 (Figs) and tasheps,bunches, 17.

9 Fig tree, ten,2000.

10 Barley of Khara, 5 bushels, 5.

1 1 Linum 6seed, bushels, 5.

1 2 Tree or wood for making a galley, 3 1

13 A mulberry 7 and ebony wand, 1.

14 Wood for making the beam of a balance, 1.

Acacia wood bram,

8 of 4 cubits, 1 .

* Or, “seed,” “fruit.”

3 Karutuka, Coptic sjnrs. 3 S.W. Arabia.

4 Aners en kai t.

5 Syria, or the Syrian coast.

7 Mera, or sycamore.

6 Or “flax.”

8 Ssiiatem wood.

PLATE 34b.

1 Stripped Pa-sea wood, of 2 cubits, 1.

2 The mulberry chair of a balance, of 3 ells, 4 palms, 1.

3 Wooden root of the akana of a bin, 1.

4 Land of olives laid out 1, making 53^ acres.

5 Vineyards of all trees proper, 2.

6 Corn for the sacred supplies of the festivals of the

heaven, and the annual festival which added

7 the King Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the living, the

great god, to his noble father Tum, Lord of the land of

An, Ra Harmakhu,8 in addition the stores continually increasing which the

living Lord doubled those which were before

9 from the first year to the 31st year making 31 years,

measures, 97,624,

the offerings to the sacrifices which were added by the

King, Ra-usf,r-ma, beloved of Amen, the living, the great

god, to that house

r 1 in addition to the sacrifices which were at first, year by

year, commencing in his 9th year continuing to his 31st

year making 23 years.

1 2 Good bread offered to the great house of gold 460.

13 Good bread in shape of a phallus, sacks, 460.

PLATE 35a.

1 Good bread for offerings, great loaves,1

23,000.

2 Good bread, bushels of offerings, 80,500.

3 Good bread, cakes of the baker, 920.

4 Good bread, great cakes, 460,000.

5 Good bread, white pyramids for offering, 80,500.

6 Good bread, white pyramids high, 920,000.

7 Good bread, white pyramids, caps, 103,500.

8 Good bread, kales'ta, 34,500.

1 Sacks.

64 RECORDS OF THE PAST.9

Good bread, offering loaves, 80,500.

10 Bread select, white pyramids, 80,500.

11 Total good bread, loaves, various, 1,760,420.

12 Rations of food of bulls, 69,000.

13 Rations of barley, 11,500.

PLATE 35b.

1 Rations of food, flour, tapurata, 2875.

2 Food, flour small sacks, 46.

3 Beer, pints, 198,260.

4 Spirits, amphorae,painted, 1380.

5 Spirits, caabs, 2990.

6 Wine, amphora,16,100.

7 Total of spirits wine, amphorae and caabs, 20,470.

8 Cows, 966.

9 Heifers, 1886.

10 Bulls, 703.

11 Steers, 1242.

12 Calves, 1242.

13 Cattle, 5911.

14 Total of cattle, various, 11,960.

1 5 Cows of the leucoryx, 230.

PLATE 36.

1 Living geese, 1150.

2 Living goslings, 2300.

3 Living waterfowl, 13,800.

4 Total of (living) waterfowl, 17,250.

5 Honey, pints, 92.

6 Bright 1

frankincense, pots, 9200.

7 Frankincense, vases of cakes, 4500.

8 Frankincense white, pyramid, 450.

9 Frankincense, hoteps, 34,500.

1 Kaherka, same word as “beaker,” but with the determinative of“ festival ” and “ light.”

10 Frankincense baskets, 126,500.

11 Frankincense vases, 26,500.

1 2 Papyrus slips made for frankincense various cups ephas7

34 , 5 °°-

13 Fruits, tctmers,690.

14 Fruits, pints, 23,000.

15 Fruit, hoteps at first, 34,500.

PLATE 36b.

1 Fruit, hoteps,various, 1,150,000.

2 Fruit, taisara, 4600.

3 Fruit, baskets, 23,000.

4 Papyrus slips in ephas, various, 23,000.

5 Doum dates, hoteps,4600.

6 Dates, pyramids, 4600.

7 Corn 1

kagas, flower kagas, bushels, 23,000.

9 Asi, various ephas, 483,000.

10 Asi, handfuls, 231,500.

1 1 Flower crowns, 46,000.

12 Papyrus, nosegays, 483,000.

PLATE 37a.

1 Papyrus, great pools, 6900.

2 Reeds, bushels, 92,000.

3 Asi, titis? 69,000.

4 Wax in cups, apt, 26,500.

5 Dates, mata, 241,500.

6 Milk, pints, 8600.

7 Curds of milk, handfuls, 92,000.

8 Flower nosegays, 1,150,000.

9 Flowers, hoteps, 1,150,000.

10 Herbs, hoteps, 4600.

11 Leaves of atenruka,

3 92,0001 Pro, or “fruit of.”

3 An unknown measure.3 Melons or cucumbers.

VOL. VI. 6

12 Firewood, trees, 11,500.

13 Charcoal, meser 2300.

PLATE 37b.

1 Offerings for the books of the god Nile, which he added

anew in the house of the Nile the father of the gods

2 together with the registers of the Nile which are

appointed in the pool 2of Kabh, in the temple of Ra and

Harmakhu,

3 the books of the Nile which are appointed in the temple

of Anup, Lord of Sapt, in Nerau, besides the things which

were before

4 from year to year from the first year to the 31st year

makes 31 years.

5 The books of the Nile which the King Ra-user-ma,

beloved of Amen, the living, the great god, augmented

8 years, making 31 years.

6 The books of the Nile 272, making

7 Good bread for divine offerings, various cakes, 470,000.

8 Good bread for divine offerings, biscuits, pyramids, rings,

879,224.

9 Food various, ephas,106,9x0.

10 Corn heaps, offerings of bread, 46,568.

11 Beer, kins various, 49,432.

12 Corn, bushels, 61,17214.

13 Cows, 291.

14 Heifers, 17.

PLATE 38a.

1 Calves, 51.

2 Bulls, 2564. Total, 2923.

3 Goats, 1089.

4 Geese, 192.

5 Living geese, and stubble geese, khen, 3938.

1 Bundles. 3 Or the well of the Nilometer at Elephantine.

6 Goslings, 364.

7 Waterfowl, 2653.

8 Doves, 68.

9 Various birds, 19,928.

10 Total of various fowl, 27,143.

11 Spirits, caabs, 209.

12 Wine, amphora, 7154.

13 Fresh fat, gills, 3513, each of kin, making hins, 624^.14 Onions, gills, 12.712.

PLATE 38b.

1 Grapes, gills, 12,712.

2 Natron, pots, 12,712.

3 Dry dates, pots, 11,872.

4 Gums, pots, 11,872.

5 Green paint, pots, 11,872.

6 Stibium,pots, 11,872.

7 Frankincense, censers, 848.

8 Frankincense, -syterr, 4 2 4 -

9 Frankincense, pots 87,344, making dry frankincense,

ten, 23,008.

10 Incense, baskets, 6420.

11 Incense, pots, 2568.

12 Incense, pots, 1304.

13 Fresh incense, hins, 85.

14 Oil, hins, 85.

15 Flower or fruit, jars, 254,240.

PLATE 39.

1 Fruit, baskets, 2572.

2 Fruit, jars, 154,672.

3 Grapes, jars, 11,872.

4 Grapes, twigs, 11,872.

5 Heads of fruit, pints, 9600.

6 Honey, puka measures, 20,800 jars, each a hin, making5200 hins.

7 Honey, jars 1040, each 1 kin jars, making kins, 1040.

8 Honey for food, kins 7050, ?na 25.

9 Fresh fat for food, kins 1419, ma 25.

10 Tas wood, logs, 3036.

11 Ointments, pots 848, each of hin

making kins 424.

12 Ointment, jars 3036, ad y^, making kins 758.

13 (Shelled beans), pots, 11,998.

PLATE 40a.

1 Sgep, jars, 11,872.

2 Sgep in bushels, 106,000.

3 Tenruka in bushels, 106,000.

4 Fodder, trusses, 159,000.

5 Fodder, loads, 11,872.

6 Pints of water, 71,200.

7 Shni flowers, bunches, 43,900.

8 Fresh flour, pints, 4240.

9 Fresh sweet scented flowers, 106,000.

10 Milk and dates, dishes, 11,872.

11 Paint, jars, 12,040.

12 Milk, jars, 12,040.

13 Milk in kins, 198.

14 Ankamaa 1

in apts, 99,000.

1 3 Teph fruit, karaknta measures, 848.

PLATE 40b.

1 Asi flowers, tetmers,848.

2 Asi flowers, handfuls, 8480.

3 Flower crowns, 43,640.

4 Vine twigs, handfuls, 74,000.

5 Plants, processional nosegays, 114,804.

6 Plants, koteps, 114,804.

7 Gold figures of the Nile, nusa,

26784.

8 Silver figures of the Nile, nusa, 6784.1

Raisins.3 This word is a variant of Nusa in the statistical tablet of Karnak

signifying a weight for metals, 2 tens.

Real lapis lazuli figures of the Nile, nusa, 13,568.

10 Real turquoise figures of the Nile, mesa, 13,568.

11 Iron figures of the Nile, mesa, 6784.

12 Bronze standing figures of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

13 Lead figures of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

14 Tin figures of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

15 White mena stone figures of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

PLATE 41a.

1 Manu statues of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

2 Alabaster (gesmet)statues of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

3 Green filspar statues of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

4 Alabaster (gesi) statues of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

5 Jasper statues of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

6 Carnelian stone statues of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

7 Kenem statues of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

8 Stibium statues of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

9 Sahur statues of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

10 Tur stone statues of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

11 Bronze statues of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

12 Different gems, nusa, 13,568.

13 Crystal signets, 10,196.

14 Crystal necklaces, 10,196.

15 Crystal shas/ia fragments, 10,196.

PLATE 41b.

1 Sycamore statues of the Nile, 5096.

2 Sycamore figures of the goddess Repa, the wife of the

Nile, 5098.

3 Linen tunics, 10,196.

4 Stone ornaments, 31,650.

5 Logs of wood for burning, 510.

6 Charcoal, masers,

PLATE 42.

1 Complete to me the valour which I gave thee oh father,

1 An unknown measure.

7° RECORDS OF THE PAST.

I penetrate the great quarter like Osiris, may I receive

the repose,1

I coming forth before thee, I smell

2 the frankincense and the gums like the assembly of the

gods, may thy rays anoint my head daily, my soul lives, it

is seen at the head of the morning making

3 the wish of the heart of the noble father like I glorified

thy form, as I was on earth, listen to my vows that I maydo what I say, announce to the gods like the

4 men, favour my son as King, as Lord of the lands, mayhe rule the two countries, like you as living Chief in the

land of Egypt 3

5 Ra-user-ma approved of Amen, the living, thou hast

chosen to thee as heir, to magnify thy name, placing the

white crown and the divine Sekhcmt crown on his head

as thou art crowned

6 on earth, as Horus, the Lord of Diadems, keep all his

limbs sound, let grow his time, his eye be strong to

regard millions of renewed love. May his time

7 on earth be like the meshei,

3 arranged as the powerful

bull, leading the Upper and Lower country, give him the

Nine bow barbarians quite under his feet, they salute

8 his name, his sword over them. Thou thou hast begotten

him. He is a youth, thou hast nominated him for the Heir

apparent for the double throne ofSeb saying heshallbeKing

9 on the throne of him who begat him, increase them

being firm and favoured, give him great kingdoms, elevate

very great festivals like (Ptah) Tatunanio the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, the Lord of the

Upper and Lower country, Ra-user-ma, approved of

Amen, living Son of the Sun, Lord of Diadems Rameses

true Ruler, beloved of Amen, the living.

1 Or “ thy food.”1 Ta Mera.

3 The North-pole.

(To be Continued iii Vol. VIII.)

STELE OF THE CORONATION.

TRANSLATED BY

G. MASPERO.

^pHIS stele was found at Gebel-Barkal and brought

to Egypt by order of the Khedive: the inscription

was first analysed by Mariette-Bey in the Revue

Archeologique, 1865, T. III., then translated and com-

mented upon by myself in the Revue Archeologique,

1873, T. I. The engraved text in Mariette’s Monu-ments Divers, T. I, pi. 9, contains some slight omissions

and errors which have been corrected by means of a

paper impression in the Mtisde du Louvre.

This tablet rather unexpectedly confirms somestatements of Diodorus, Lib. Ill, 5, about the Egyptian

kingdom of Ethiopia;

it records at length the cere-

monial used at the election and coronation of an

Ethiopian king. The cartouches in it have been

purposely destroyed;

but the rest of the protocol

exists, and proves the king to have been RamerkaAspalut, the son of Queen Nensau. In the upper

part of the tablet, King Aspalut is represented as

kneeling before Amen-Ra. Behind the god, the

goddess“ Mux, Lady of heaven,”

is represented as saying to the king

“ I give thee all life and power, all health, all joy for

In front of the monarch, Queen Nensau is shaking

two sistra, and

1 Says the Royal Sister, Royal Mother, Queen of Kush(Nensau): “I came to thee Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats

of both lands, great god

2 (residing) in his shrine, the destroyer, the one whogiveth strength unto him who is obedient unto him, that

thou mayest establish firmly thy son whom thou lovest,

3 (Aspalut) ever-living, upon tire supreme seat of Ra, so

that he may be greater upon it,

4 than all (the gods) and all the goddesses;multiply thou

his years of life upon (earth) like unto Aten 1

in heaven,

5 give thou unto him life and power all from thyself,

health all from thyself, all joy from thyself, and the rising

upon Hor’s seat for ever.”

To which prayer Amen-Ra answers :

1 Says Amen of Napata: 3 “ My son beloved,

2 (Aspalut) ! I give thee the rising

3 of Ra, his sovereignty upon his seat

4 I set the two crowns firmly upon thy head,

5 even as heaven is firm upon (its) four pillars

6 fie living, be prospering, keep renewing thyself and

turning young again like Ra,

7 for ever ! May all lands, and all strange countries be

collected under

8 thy two sandals !

1 The god of the Solar Disk made into an heretical divinity in the time

of the XVlIIth dynasty, by Amenhotep IV., who took the name of Khuenaten.3 The Capital of the Ethiopian dynasty.

3 This is a commonly represented subject on the mummy cases of the

Egyptian monarchs and officers of state.

STELE OF THE CORONATION.

1 The first year, the second month of Pert, the fifteenth,

under the Majesty of the Horus, splendour of the rising

(sun), Lord of Southern and Northern countries, splendour

of the rising (sun), the strong-hearted one, King of both

lands, Lord of both worlds (Ramerica), Son of the Sun,

Lord of diadems, (Aspalut), beloved by Amen-Ra,

Lord of the seats of both worlds, in Du-ab : Lo ! there

2 the whole host of His Majesty in the town called Dfi-ab,

—the god who dwells in it, Dudun Khenti-nowert 1

the god of Kush,—after the Hawk 3 had been laid to his

3 place

3 and, lo ! there were officers after the heart of

His Majesty’s host, six men;and there were officers after

the heart of the Chancellor, six men;and lo ! there were

4 wise men 4 after the heart (of the Plead Wise-man), six

men;and, lo ! there were Magistrates and Chiefs of the

Signet-bearers of the Royal House, six men;and they

said unto the whole host :“ Let us go, that we may raise

5 a Lord for us who be like unto a young bull whom no

men dare to withstand !” So this host mourned very

much, very much, saying :“ There is a Lord standing

amongst us, without our knowing him ! O6 may we know him ! may we go under him !

5 may we

serve unto him, even like both lands served unto Horus,

Son of Isis, after he sat upon the seat of his father

Osiris ! may we worship the two uraei

1 Dudunen or Dudun residing' in the land Nowert, viz., in Middle Nubia.1 The Hawk of Horus, the Emblem of the deity and therefore of

sovereignty.3 After the late king had been buried.4 Mer ti-l-u, Literally, “superintendents of books,” the royal magi.5 Literally, “ enter under him.”

7 of his crown !” Then said each of them unto his mate :

“ There is nobody knows him but Ra himself, may he

keep all evil from him in whatever spot he is in !

” Then

8 each of them unto his mate :

“ But Ra is down in the

land Ankhet,’ and his diadem is in the midst of us.” Thensaid each of them unto his mate :

“ It is true ! since the

9 heaven was, since the royal crown was, Ra decreed 3to

give it unto his son whom he loves, so that the King be

an image of Ra amongst the living

3 and has not Raput himself in this land, that this land may be in peace ?

Then said

10 each of them unto his mate :

“ But Ra has he not gone

away to heaven, and is not his seat empty without a King,

together with all the beneficent exertions of his hands,

which he uses to give unto his son whom he loves,

because Ra knows, to wit, that (with their aid) the King

makes good laws upon his throne !

1 1 So this whole host mourned, saying :

“ There is a Lord

standing amongst us without our knowing him !

”Said

the host of His Majesty, exclaiming all with one mouth :

“ Why ! there is this god, Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats of

both worlds, in Du-uab, who is the god of Kush. Let

12 us go to him ! Let us not tell a word in ignorance of him,

for it is not good the word told in ignorance of him ! Let

us put the case to the god who is the god of the kingdom

of Kush since the time of Ra, that he may lead us! For

13 the kingdom of Kush is (a gift) of his hands, which he

1 Ankhet, “The country of life,” the West. The phrase signifies only

that the king, identified with Ra, is dead and the throne is vacant.

1 Literally, “ A decree of Ra it is, since heaven was, since the royal

crown was, to give it, etc.

3 Literally, “ So that he be an image of Ra the king amongst the living.”

STELE OF THE CORONATION. 75

giveth unto his son whom he loveth. Let us make

adorations to his face, throw ourselves upon our bellies,

and say to his face : We come to thee, Amen, give us our

Lord to vivify us, to build temples for the gods and

goddesses all of the Southern and Northern lands, to

14 offerings to them. We tell not a word in ignorance of

thee;but thou art our lead, and may not a word be told

in ignorance of thee!” Then said this host, the whole of

it: “A good word it is, in faith!” a million of times.

When the Generals of His Majesty,

15 together with the Friends ofthe Royal House, 1 reached the

temple of Amen, they found the Prophets and High-

Priests standing at the door of the temple. They said

unto them : “ (We) come to the god Amen-Ra in Du-uab,

that he may give us our Lord to vivify us, to build

temples

1 6 for the gods and goddesses all of Southern and Northern

lands, to make offerings to them. We tell not a word in

ignorance of this god, for he is our leader.” When the

Prophets and High-Priests entered the temple they did

all what was required to purify it, they poured libations

of water, wine and perfumes unto it. When the Generals

of His Majesty entered the temple

17 together with the officers of the Royal House, they

threw themselves upon their bellies before this god

saying :“ We come to thee, Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats

of both worlds, in Du-uab, that thou mayest give us a

Lord to vivify us, to build temples for the gods of

Southern and Northern lands, to make offerings, and all

the munificent

18 exertions of thy hands, which thou givest unto thy son

1 Semerti-u nu pa-suten. The “friends of the Royal House” are pro-

bably the tou /ScuriAe'ws of which Diodorus speaks (Lib. III., c. 7).

whom thou lovest !” Then they put the Royal Brothers

before this god, without his selecting one of them, but

when they put a second time the Royal Brother, son of

Amen, accepted as an infant by Mut, Lady of Heaven,

the son of Ra (Aspalut), ever-living, then, said this god

19 Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats of both worlds : “He is

the King your Lord, to vivify you. He is the builder of

all temples in Southern and Northern lands ! He is the

maker of offerings for them ! His father was the Son of

deceased, his mother, the Royal Sister,

Royal Mother, Queen of Kush,

20 Daughter of Ra (Nensau) ever-living, whose mother

was the Royal Sister, Divine Star of Amen-Ra, King of

the gods of Thebes, ,

deceased, whose

mother was the Royal Sister1

deceased,

whose mother was the Royal Sister1

deceased, whose mother was the Royal Sister1

deceased, whose mother was the Royal Sister '

21 deceased, whose mother was the Royal Sister, Queen of

Kush, 1 deceased.5 He is your Lord.” Then

the Generals of His Majesty, together with the officers of

the Royal House, threw themselves upon their bellies

before this god, and smelt the earth 3 very much, very

much, and made acclamations to this god for

22 the power he gave unto his son whom he loves, the

King of Upper and Lower countries, (Aspalut) ever-

living. When His Majesty went in to appear before his

August father, Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats of both

worlds, he found all the crowns of the Kings of Kush

1 Lacuna.

!All the names have been erased.

3 To smell the earth, sen-to, is an Egyptian idiom signifying “to makeobeisance to,” “to respect,” “to congratulate.” (Birch, Dictionary of

Hieroglyphics, p. 497, h.)

STELE OF THE CORONATION. 77

with all their sceptres put before this god. Said His

Majesty before this god :

23“ Come to me, Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats of both

worlds in Du-uab;give me all the beneficent virtues which

are not in my heart, that I may love thee. Give me the

crown that I may love thee, together with the sceptre.”

Said the god :“ There is for thee the crown of the

Royal Brother, Lord of Upper and Lower countries . .

1 deceased.

24 His diadem stands upon thy head as firmly as

stands upon thy head, and his sceptre is in thy grasp

overthrowing all thy foes.” Then His Majesty rose

(before Amen, put his crown upon his head), seized the

sceptre with his fist;His Majesty threw himself upon his

belly before this god,

25 and smelt the earth very much, very much, saying :*

“ Come to me, Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats of both

worlds, in Du-uab 1 “ Grant me life, stability and

power all, health and joy all, even like unto Ra, for ever

a good old age,

26 may he give it unto me

[The end of the royal speech is lost. The king asked to bevictorious over all his foes :]

“ (Grant me) that they (may come to me) bowing. Grant

that I may be loved throughout the land of Kush.”

[To which prayer the god answered :]

27 “(I give thee) all the strange lands, the whole of them.

Thou shalt even not have to say: £0 ! that I may get

that! ’ for ever and ever.”

28 When (His Majesty) went out (of) the temple to his

1 Lacuna.3 The common form of emphatic comparison in hieroglyphic writing.

host, like a (destroyer), his whole host rejoiced very

much, very much, shouting (and exulting, lor) their heart

(was) happy for his sake, and they worshipped him,

saying :

29“ Come and put all strange countries (before us).

[To commemorate his coronation, king Aspalut founded

annual feasts, the description of which filled the last two lines.

After various items of loaves and offerings, he granted Amenor his priests]

“ one hundred and forty barrels of beer.”

THE INSCRIPTION OF

THE GOVERNOR NES-HOR,

IN THE LOUVRE.

SAITE DYNASTY.

PAUL PIERRET,Conservateur-Adjoint.

J\^FINE statue in the Museum of the Louvre 1

repre-

sents a functionary of Apries, named Ncs-Hor, who

was governor of the southern provinces of Egypt.

He is kneeling and holds the effigy of the Triad which

was adored at the Cataracts. The pillar against which

his back leans, bears the following Inscription, from

1 No. A 90, of the Catalogue.

8o RECORDS OF THE PAST.

which it is proved that this statue, now unfortunately

denaturalized by a modern restoration, came from

the more ancient of the two temples of Elephantine,

now destroyed. The text of it has been faithfully

reproduced in Clarac, Royal Museum of the Louvre,

No. 367.

INSCRIPTION OF NES-HOR.

His Majesty hath placed him in a most high

dignity,

dignity of his eldest son, (as) Governor

of the regions of the South,"

5 to repulse from thence the rebellious communities.

He hath established his fear amongst the people of the

and hath driven them towards their mountains

He hath sought the graces of his master,

o the King Apries 3 whose favour was for (him) Nes-Hor,

surnamed (Psametik-Menkh,) son of (Aufrer,) 4

born of the lady (Ta-tent-hor), truthful.

H e says : “ O Lord of the creating-ardor,

maker of gods and men, Khnum, Lord of Nubia,

5 Sati and Anouke, Ladies of Elephantine !

1 Half of the first column is blank.

" The title of “ Prince of Ethiopia” is, in fact, usually given to the heir

to the crown. ,,

3 Apries, Hophra, or Uahprahet as he is called in the hieroglyphic

inscriptions, was one of the petty kings of the Dodecarchy in the Saite

dynasty. He was the son of Psametik II by his aunt and mother the

Princess Neitaker. He conquered Cyprus and Phenicia taking the city of

Sidon by assault, and invited by Zedekiah king of Judah, came to his help

against Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. His assistance was, however,

useless and only provoked an Assyrian invasion of the Delta of Egypt.

Uahprahet reigned twenty-five years, when he was dethroned by an insur-

rection among his subjects, strangled, and buried at Sais. His name has

been supposed to mean, “ the Sun enlarges his heart.”

4 The same name, though not the same person, as the Hophra of

Hebrew Scriptures.

VOL. VI. 7

I am gladdened by your persons;

I adore your beauties

I am incapable of weariness in the act of loving your

persons

my heart is full of your persons . . .

20 I call to your mind what I have done for your dwellings.

I have rendered your temple splendid by silver vases,

oxen, geese sar, and geese apt,in great numbers,

of which I have constituted the feeding in their park,

as well as that of their Keepers, for ever and eternally

25I have built their house in this locality.

I have made a gift of excellent wine

of the country of Aoun' and of the South, of wheat and of

I have had your storehouse constructed anew,

3° in the great name of His Majesty.

I have given oil of the tree Tcshern,

for the burning of the lamps of your temple.

I have given weavers, servants, tailors for the august

habiliment

35 ol the great god and the gods of his cycle,

for whom I have built chapels in his temple;

(these chapels) I have founded them for eternity

by order of the good god Apries, life-eternal.

Remember that I have made embellishments in your

40 dwelling,

in its centre. Let Nes-Hor perpetuate himself

in the mouth of the citizen, in recompense of that !

Let my name be placed in your dwelling,

that my person may be remembered after my existence.

1It was wine of Syria. The inscription of Amenemheb tells us that

Aoun was at the west of Halep or Aleppo.

1 Otherwise called “The Red Tree,” from teshr, “red.” The species

has not yet been identified.

INSCRIPTION OF NES-HOR. 83

45 Let my statue be erected to perpetuate my name

and that it may not perish as if I were put

in a dwelling afflicted with the ark of the Amu, 1

of the people of the North, of the Asiatics and the

profane . ..*

50 I have had a march made against the Shasu 3 of the upper

country,

in the midst of them. The terror of His Majesty

was against the wicked act they executed

after having strengthened their heart in their design. •

55 I have not let them advance quite into Nubia,

I have let them approach the place where was His

Majesty

who hath made a great carnage amongst them.”

The Governor of the South, Nes-Hor says: “O Prophets

60 and Priests

of this temple of Khnum, Lord of Nubia, of Sati and of

Anouke 4. . .

you shall be favoured by your gods, your body will prosper

1 Aamu, “ People,” an Egyptian word which was applied indiscrimi-

nately to the yellow race, or any of the Semitic nations or tribes with whomthey were at war. It was derived from the Semitic noun am, which

means “ people ” also.

2 Lacuna.

3 The Shashous, or Schasu, was a generic term applied to the Arab or

Bedouin tribes who inhabited the desert between Syria and the North-

eastern frontier of Egypt; they were a great source of annoyance to the

Egyptian Lings, and were conquered but only for a short time, both by

Amenhotep 1 of the XVIIlth, and Seti I of the XIXth, Dynasties.

4 Anouke, an Egyptian warlike goddess, possibly of Syrian origin. Shewas represented as a woman with a spear in her hand, and with a peculiar

crown formed of high feathers curving outwardly from a white bonnet

upon her head. She was the third member of the great Nubian Triad,

and her worship dates to the period of Osirtesen III. of the Xllth Dynasty.

Her festival took place on the 2Sth day of Paophi and the 30th of Athyr.

by means of divine food, you will transmit your dignities

65 to your children according as you shall say :

Proscynema to Khnum, Sati, Anouke, and to the divine

cycle of Elephantine . . d

1 Lacuna.

STELE OF KING HORSIATEF.

XXVIth DYNASTY.

TRANSLATED BY

G. MASPERO.

^pHE text of this tablet is published in Mariette’s

Monuments Divers,T. I, pi. u, 12, 13. In the first

picture, the

“ King of Upper and Lower Countries Si-Amen MEr(amoun), Son of the Sun Horsiatef.”

accompanied by the

“ Royal Mother, Royal Sister, Queen of Kush, Tes-

MANOFER,”

presents two collars of different kind to

“ Amen Ra, Lord (of the seats of both worlds),

residing in Du-uab, the giver of life, stability, power.”

who saith :

“ I give thee life and power all, all stability, all health,

all joy; I give thee the years of time and eternity.”

In the second scene, the king accompanied by

“ The Royal Sister, first wife Behtalis

presents the collars to

“ Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats of both worlds, residing

in Thebes, the giver of life.”

King Horsiatef lived about the time of Amasis II.

OBVERSE OF THE TABLET.

1 In the thirty-third year, in the second month of the

season of Pert, the twenty-third, under His Holiness the

mighty Bull, the risen in Napata, Lord of diadems,

2 Supporter of the Gods, who chastiseth all foreign lands,

King of Upper and Lower Countries, Si-amen Mei-

(amoun), Son of Ra, Lord of the two regions, Lord of

diadems,

3 all powerful Lord,’ Son of Ra, of his loins (and) loving

him, Hor-si-atef, ever-living, beloved of Amen-Ra, Lord

of the seats of the two worlds on the sacred (hill,)3 “ unto

whom we give

4 life, stability, power all, strength all, all joy even like

unto Ra for evermore.” To begin with, they prompted

5 Amen-Napata, my gracious Father, to give me the

Nahasi-land;

3 when first, they made me6 put on my royal crown,4 when first his gracious eyes saw

7 they spoke unto me, saying :“ Go to the temple of

Amen-Napata, within the Hall

8 of the Northern-Land.” I feared, I entreated an ancient

man very much, saying :“ Lo! adoration (unto God !)”

9 (and) he spoke unto me, saying :“ Seek thou for thy

two hands : he who raises

io my statue 5is safe.” They bade me go before Amen-

Napata, my

1Literally, “ Lord of doing- the things.” 3 Du, omitted in the text.

3 The “ Nahasi land,” is the land of the Negroes.

4 Sha-mtu a ar mer-apeta pa seh. Mer is here cingere, not amare.

5 Shepti-a, literally, he who “builds” my statue.

gracious Father to tell :“ Give me the crown of the

Nahasi-land.” Sayeth

12 Amen-Napata unto me :“ I give thee the crown of the

Nahasi-land;

I give

1 3 thee the four quarters of the whole Earth;

I give thee

the water which is good ;I give thee

14 the water which is wanting in goodness

I give thee all

thy foes under thy sandals.

t 5 Whatever tribe3 comes to thy hands, 3

it shall not be

successful;whatever tribe

16 thou comest to with thy hands, its thigh shall not

prosper

17 (nor) its feet (either).” So having seen him, I poured

a great (libation) for that which gave me Amen, myt 8 Gracious Father, while I stood within the shrine of

Amen-Napata,

19 in the middle of his sanctuary. And after these things,

(I) went to honour Amen-20 Ra, Lord of Qemten 4 (and) I said, saying: “Amen-Napata

;” (I) went to honour Amen-Ra, Lord

21 in Panoubs, 5 (and) I said, saying: “Amen-Napata;”I went to honour Bast

22 of Tar, 6(and) I said, saying : “Amen-Napata.” Then

they spoke unto me saying :“ Let him go

23 to the temple of Amen of Taro . . res; 7 people say

they have not yet done building (it).”

Either the Red Sea, or the marshes of the Upper Nile.

JShah-t., cfr. Ethiop., homo.

3 Adi-ui-k. The meaning of this word is doubtful.

4 An unknown town between Dongolah and Pnoubs.

5 The Pnoups, Xlrovp of Ptolemy near Ouady-Halfah.

6 An unknown town perhaps Derr.

7 An unknown town of Nubia, perhaps in the vicinity of Napata.

STELE OF KING HORSIATEF. 89

24 And again, I built, I painted and finished it for five

months;

(then) seeing

25 the temple in Apet of Amen-Napata, that there was a

want of gold about it, I gave

26 the temple in Apet, to wit, forty ten1 of gold, and five

thousand one hundred and twenty pegas of gold-nuggets.

27 They spoke unto me saying :“ The house of the brother-

hood, it is destitute of gold.”

28 (So) I caused the acacia-wood to be conveyed to

Rekaro;

3 (and) I was gracious (unto them)

29 (and) I made it to be conveyed even unto Napata. I put

gold on the two fronts of that temple, gold (to the value)

30 of forty ten, (and) I put in its treasure twenty ten of gold,

and one hundred gold nuggets

LEFT SIDE OF THE TABLET.

x O Amen of Napata, I give

2 thee beads for (thy) neck

of four ten;

3 one image

4 of the local Amen, wrought

5 in gold;with one triad of gods

6 wrought in gold;

7 with one Ra wrought (in gold)

8 with three gold mirrors;with

9 two collars of gold;with

xo beads of gold, one hundred and thirty-

1 1 four;with ten of silver one hundred

4 with vi-

12 al of silver, one;with haro-vial

1 About 3,654 gr., 8.3 An unknown town of Nubia.

3 About 365 gr., 48. 49,137 gr.

9° RECORDS OF THE PAST.

1 3 of silver, one;with bottles

1 4 of silver, five;with cup of silver,

1 5 one;with mahen-cup of silver, one

1 6 drinking-horn of silver, one;with

1 7 chiselled ducks, nine;with ka-

ro-vases of copper, four;with Maga-mi

1 9 vases of copper, one;with ha-hi-ma vases of copper,

20 two;with incense-burners of copper, two; with

tlMdkh-va.se of copper, one;with sekaro-cups of copper

2 2 fifteen;with Padennu-vases of copper, five

23 two great caldrons, making in all thirty-two;with

24 two hundred ten of dry perfumes

1 with frank-incense,

25 three great jars;with honey, five great jars.

26 And again another time, when began

27 the House of the thousand years 2to go (to pieces), I

caused

28 (it) to be built (again) for thee;

I set for thee

29 its roof;

I built

30 for thee a stable for oxen, of cubits

3 1 one hundred and fifty-four. I consecrated one venerable

little temple.

32 (So) when I came (to make) my prayer,

33 saying: “ Lo ! adoration (to God!)” I said,

34 saying :“ Verily, as befits a King of Egypt, I have

35 for thee ! I gave thee perpetual offerings! And again,

36 I gave thee oxen, five hundred;

I gave

37 thee two ?nahen of milk, daily;

38 I gave thee adorers,ten

;I gave thee,

39 captives, men, fifty, women, fifty, making in all

40 one hundred. O, Amen of Napata, nothing was grudged

* 18,274 gr.

2 Pa-pe kha renpet. Probably the name of a temple in Napata.

41 thee!1

I am (the man) 2 who gave thee, all that was

convenient !

42 And in the second year, the third month of Pert, the

23 rd, they made

43 him go against the foe : he cut

REVERSE OF THE TABLET.

1 the Rehrehsa; 3 and

2 Amen severed this people’s thighs which were

3 stretched against me. I struck a blow amongst them,

4 (I) made a great slaughter. Also, in the third year, the

second month of Pert, the fourth, I struck a great blow

5 amongst the foes in Maddi,4 I made a slaughter amongst

6 That is what thou didst for me. 5 In the fifth year, the

second month of Shemu, the twelfth, (in the reign of)the

Son of Ra,

7 Horsiatef, L.h.s.6for ever, I sent my bowmen, and my

8 horsemen against the foes in Maddi;and they made

near the town of Aneroua-

9 -r onslaught against them, they made a great slaughter

amongst them,

1Literally, “ There was no counting (of things

) for thee.”

2 The paper impression in the Louvre seems to give here the remains of

the word sa, individual.

3 An unknown people of Ethiopia, perhaps the Rhausi.

4 The Matdia of the Grecian inscriptions in Axum, Mathice of Pliny

vi., xxxv., perhaps the Mastitoe, MaorTtrat, of Ptolemy iv. 7, one of the

-Betf/a-tribes.

5 The printed text has Au hi khen mtuk a ari-ni, instead of which the

paper impression in the Louvre g'ives : m ma sep(sen) mtuk a ari-ni.

6 L.h.s., an abbreviation of the words “life,” “health,” “strength,” in

Egyptian ankh, uza, senb. The formula ankh, uzu, senb is usually written,

after the name of a king, or a title of royalty.

io they took their Lord, and made a great slaughter

amongst the people of Chief Aroga . . . .-1

xi ta. The sixth year, the second month of Shemu, the

fourth, (in the reign of) the Son of Ra, Horsiatef, ever

living, I collected

1 2 the multitude (of my soldiers) against Maddi, I struck a

great blow amongst (its)

13 towns, I made slaughter, great slaughter amongst them

in the town Hebsi. I took

14 its bulls, its cows, its asses, its rams, its goats, its

15 male slaves, its female slaves, its :

3 thy good

influence it is, thyself it is who didst (all these things) for

me, (O Amen) !

1 6 The Chief of Maddi sent to me saying :

“ Thou art mygod ! I am thy

1 7 slave ! I am (but) a woman !” When he came to me,

he caused the 3 to be brought by

18 a Messenger. I went to do (honour) to Amen of

Napata my gracious Father :

1 9 I gave thee a great many oxen. The eleventh year, the

first month of Pert, the fourth, I sent my20 bowmen to Taqana, 4 under the (command) of my

servant Gasau,

21 (for) the so-called Barga and Samensa 5 had reached

the town of Soun. 6 He struck a great

22 blow amongst them, and killed Barga with Samensa

23 their Chiefs. Thy good influence (O Amen), thyself it

is who didst (all those things) for me. The sixteenth

year, the first month of Sha, the 15 th,

1 Lacuna.2 A word omitted in the tablet.

3 Adennu, a word of unknown meaning’.4 Or Maqana, an unknown town in Nubia.5 Aps ran-u. Literally, “ count of their names, Barga and Samensa.”* Soun, an unknown town near Taqana.

24 I sent my bowmen together with my horsemen against

the foes in Makheti.

25 They struck a great blow amongst (them); my bowmenmade a great slaughter

;they took

26 their finest cattle. In the eighteenth year, the first

month of Pert, the first, (in the reign of)

the Son of Ra,

Horsiatef, ever living, came

27 the foes of Rehrehsa, the name of their Chief,

(Kheruaa), in Beroua,' I stopped him : thy good

influence, thy

28 two valiant thighs (O Amen), struck a blow amongst his

(people);

I made slaughter amongst them,

29 a great slaughter amongst them, I beat him back, and

thyself it is (O Amen) who didst it for me, that the

foreigners

30 arose in the middle of the night and fled. The twenty-

third year, the third month

31 of Shemu, the 18th, (in the reign of) the Son of Ra,

Horsiatef, ever living, came the Chief of the land

Rehrehsa,

32 Arua, together with his vassals, 3 in Beruh. I struck

33 a blow amongst (his people), I made a great slaughter

amongst them, I beat him back, he rose

34 (to flee). I made slaughter amongst the people of

Shaikara, 4 who came (to his aid), having made

35 an alliance with him. Thy good fear, thy two thighs

struck the Chief

5 (he fled before) my bowmen and my horse-

men. The year

1 An unknown people. ’ Meroe.

3 The printed text has Kti, the paper impression in Louvre gives.

Neb sefi(sen).

4 An unknown people. 5 Lacuna.

37 thirty-three, the first month of Per, the 15 th, (in the

reign of) the Son of Ra, Horsiatef, everliving, I sent to

him, Amen38 of Napata, my gracious Father, to say :

“ Must I send

39 bowmen against the land Makheti?” He sent to me,

Amen of Napata, saying :

40 “ Let him send !” I sent spies

41 to the number of fifty, with horsemen. The (men of the)

four lands of Makheti that were (collected)

42 in Takat, my people smote them. No one remained

from amongst them ! No one escaped

43 from amongst them ! No one from amongst them took

his feet away ! No one from amongst them

44 proceeded further ! . . ..* My men took their Chiefs.

RIGHT SIDE OF THE TABLET.

1 They began by telling me2 saying :

“ Goes to the ruin the Temple of the third

month of Pert,

3 (at which time) there is the feast of Ptah.” I built it

for thee (again).

4 I built thee a golden temple,

5 One house of life in gold, six houses in wood,

6 four pillars of stone. And again, they

7 began telling me, saying :

8 “ The Royal House goes to

9 ruin (so much) that people can enter in (it).” I

1 Lacuna.

= The rendering of this passage is very doubtful.

10 built a Royal House, four

11 houses in Napata, and fifty houses which I caused

12 to be surrounded by their walls. And a-

13 gain I built a

14 each side of which had fifty cubits,

15 making for the four sides two hundred cubits (in all).

16 And again, I caused to be planted for thee,

17 six orchards with one vine

18 (in each), making six in Napa-

19 ta. I gave thee the thrice excellent orchards,

20 which are in Berua, making six (in all).

21 I caused offerings to be done, every

22 twelfth night, (to the value of) one hundred and

fifteen measures of corn, thirty-eight measures of barley,

23 making (in all) for corn and barley one hundred and

fifty-three measures.

24 And they caused, some towns

25 being in ruins, that I did not

26 make any exception (in repairing them) from

27 the ruin1 And

28 they caused me to give a feast to Osiris

29 in '-tai. I gave a feast

30 to Osiris residing in Berua. I gave three feasts

31 to Osiris and Isis in Merta.

32 I gave four feasts to Osiris and Isis

33 in Garr. I gave a feast to

34 Osiris, Isis and Hor in Sehrosa.

35 I gave a feast to Osiri and Amen-a-

36 abdi 3in Sakalogh.

37 I gave a feast to Hor in Karta. I

38 gave a feast to Ra in Mahit. 3 I gave

1 Lacuna.

3 Amen in the East. 3 Or Masha.

39 a feast to Anhour 1

in Arotanai.

40 I gave a feast to Osiris in Napata.

41 I gave two feasts of Osiris in NehanL

42 I gave a feast to Osiris and Isis in Pa-qem.

43 I gave three feasts of Osiris in Pnoubs, for ever.

1 Anhour, 'Ovovp^ of the Greeks, one of the solar gods, was the local

divinity of Abydos. His name appears to signify “ He who leads (an) the

high of heaven (hour)."

HYMNS TO AMEN.

TRANSLATED BY

C. W. GOODWIN, M. A.

^pHESE beautiful poems are contained in the

Anastasi Papyri in the collection at the British

Museum. They have been mostly translated in

French by M. F. Chabas, from whose interpretation

I have occasionally found reason to differ.

The Papyrus itself is considerably mutilated, and

bears no date, but from the character of the script

VOL. VI. 3

there can be little doubt that it is of the period of

the XIXth Dynasty.

These Hymns have been published by myself

with exegetical notes in the Transactions of the

Society of Biblical Archaeology, Vol. II, Part 2, 1873,

p. 353; and, as before mentioned, in French by M.

Chabas in the MJlanges Egyptologiques, 1870, p. 117.

HYMN TO AMEN. 1

1 “ Oh ! Amen, lend thine ear to him

2 who is alone before the tribunal,

3 he is poor (he is not) rich.

4 The court oppresses him;

5 silver and gold for the clerks of the book,

6 garments for the servants. There is no other Amen,

acting as a judge,

7 to deliver (one) from his misery;

8 when the poor man is before the tribunal,

9 (making) the poor to go forth rich.”

HYMN TO AMEN. 2

1 “ I cry, the beginning of wisdom is the way of Amen,

2 the rudder of (truth).

3 Thou art he that giveth bread to him who has none,

4 that sustaineth the servant of his house.

5 Let no Prince be my defender in all my troubles.

6 Let not my memorial be placed under the power

7 of any man who is in the house .... My Lord is (my)

defender

8 I know his power, to wit, (he is) a strong defender,

9 there is none mighty except him alone,

io Strong is Amen, knowing how to answer,

12 Anastasi, page 8, line 5, to page 9, line 1.

22 Anastasi, page 9, line 2, to page 10, line 1.

3 The Phrase which I have translated “the way of Amen” is literally

“ the water of Amen.” In Egypt the river Nile was the great road or

highway, hence by an easy metaphor, the water was used to signify “ the

way ” that is the will, command or rule.

IOO RECORDS OF THE PAST.

1 1 fulfilling the desire of him who cries to him;

1 2 the Sun the true King of gods,

13 the Strong Bull, the mighty lover (of power)”

HYMN TO AMEN. 1

1 “ Come to me, O ! thou Sun;

2 Horus of the horizon give me (help)

3 Thou art he that giveth (help);

4 there is no help without thee,

5 excepting thou (givest it).

6 Come to me Tum, 3 hear me thou great god.

7 My heart goeth forth towards An 3

8 Let my desires be fulfilled,

9 let my heart be joyful, my inmost heart in gladness.

10 Hear my vows, my humble supplications every day,

1 1 my adorations by night

12 my (cries of) terror .... prevailing in my mouth,

13 which come from my (mouth) one by one.

14 Oh ! Horus of the horizon there is no other besides

like him,

1 5 protector of millions, deliverer of hundreds of thousands,

16 the defender of him that calls to him, the Lord of An. 3

17 Reproach me not 4 with my many sins.

18 I am a youth, weak of body. 5

19 I am a man without heart.

20 Anxiety comes upon me 6as an ox upon grass.

‘2 Anastasi, page 10, line 1.

2 Turn or Atum, the setting sun. Lord of Heliopolis.

3 Heliopolis the city of Turn.

4 Or, “ do not censure me.”

5 Literally, “ without his body.” It seems to mean weakness, mutilation,

or disability.

6 Literally, “ upon my mouth.”

HYMNS TO AMEN. IOI

21 If I pass the night in . . ..' and I find refreshment,

22 anxiety returns to me in the time of lying down.”

[The previous compositions are addressed to the SupremeBeing, under the names of Amen, Horus, and Turn, all identical

with the Sun. But for the old Egyptians the ruling Pharaohof the day was the living image and vice-gerent of the Sun, andthey saw no profanity in addressing the king in terms precisely

similar to those with which they worshipped their god. Thefollowing address or petition, which also is found in the Anastasi

Papyri is a remarkable instance of this.]

HYMN OR ODE TO PHARAOH.

1 “ Long live the King !

2 This comes to inform the King

3 to the Royal Hall of the lover of truth,

4 the great heaven wherein the Sun is.

5 (Give) thy attention to me, thou Sun that risest

6 to enlighten the earth with this (his) goodness.

7 The solar orb of men chasing the darkness from Egypt.

8 Thou art as it were the image of thy father the Sun,

9 who rises in heaven. Thy beams penetrate the cavern.

10 No place is without thy goodness.

1 1 Thy sayings are the law of every land.

12 when thou reposest in thy palace,

1 3 thou hearest the words of all the lands.

14 Thou hast millions of ears.

1 5 Bright is thy eye above the stars of heaven,

16 able to gaze at the solar orb.

17 If anything be spoken by the mouth in the cavern,

1 Lacuna. 32 Anastasi, page 5, line 6.

3 Literally, “ in health, life and strength but the king being the

subject of the wish I have ventured to Anglicise the phrase as above.

1 8 it ascends into thy ears.

19 Whatsoever is done in secret, thy eye seeth it,

20 O ! Baenra Meriamen,

1 merciful Lord, creator of

breath.”

[This is not the language of a courtier. It seems to be a

genuine expression of the belief that the king was the living

representative of Deity, and from this point of view is muchmore interesting and remarkable, than if treated as a mereoutpouring of empty flattery.]

1 The king Meneptah son of Rameses II., and his immediate successor.

INSCRIPTION

THE DESTRUCTION OF MANKIND.

TRANSLATED BY

EDOUARD NAVILLE.

'J'HIS inscription is engraved on the four walls

of a small chamber called that of the cow in

the tomb of Seti I.;

the text has been published

for the first time in the first part of the fourth

volume of the Transactions of the Society of

Biblical Archaeology,

Pt. I., Vol. IV., p. I and foil.,

and accompanied by a translation. The present

translation does not comprise the whole of the

inscription, lines 44-45 which give the description

of the celestial cow have been omitted, as well as

the end from line 84 which contains a hymn to

the gods of the East. A revision of my French

translation has led me to adopt some slight changes

and to make a few additions which will be found in

the English version.

Unfortunately the bad state of the walls of the

tomb has produced great gaps in one of the most

important parts of the inscription;but there is reason

to think that in the tomb of one of the later

monarchs named Rameses there is a reproduction of

the same inscription, which may perhaps enable us to

restore the original text at a future period.

DESTRUCTION OF MANKIND.

PLATE A. 1

the god being by himself, after he has been

established as King of men and the gods together, there

His Majesty, living and well, in his old age.

His limbs are of silver, his flesh of gold, his articulations

of genuine lapis lazuli, there was

mankind. Said by His Majesty, living and

well, to his followers : I call before my face Su,2

4 Tefnut, Seb, Nut,3 and the fathers and mothers whowere with me when I was still in Nun,4 and I prescribe to

Nun who brings his companions

5 with him : bring a small number of them, that the menmay not see them, and that their heart be not afraid.

Thou shalt go with them into the sanctuary, if they agree

with it

6 until I shall go with Nun to the place were I stand,

When those gods came those gods in his

place;they bowed down

7 before His Majesty himself, who spake in the presence

of his father, of the elder gods, of the creators of menand of wise beings, and they spake in his presence,

1 These plates are those of the Transactions of the Society of Biblical

Archaeology.

1 A solar god, brother of Tefnut. 3 Wife of Seb or Saturn.

4 Deity of the heavenly water.

8 (saying) Speak to us that we may hear it. Said by Ra‘

to Nun : Thou firstborn of the gods whose issue I am,

and you ancient gods, behold the men

9 who are born of myself;they utter words against me

speak to me what you will do in this occurrence;behold,

I have waited, and I have not destroyed them, until I

shall have heard

10 what you have to say. Said by the Majesty of Nun:My son Ra, thou god greater than he who is his father,

and who created him;

I remain (full of

1 1 great fear before thee;

let thyself consider in thy heart

(what we have to do). Said by the Majesty of Ra :

Behold, they are running away over the whole land, and

their hearts are afraid

12 Said by the gods in the presence of His Majesty : Maythy face allow us to go, and we shall smite those who

plot evil things, thy enemies, and let none (remain

among them)

13 go as Hathor. 2 The goddess started, and she smote

the men over the whole land. Said by the Majesty of

the god : Come in peace, Hathor, thou hast done (what

I had prescribed).

14 Said by the goddess : I am living, that I have prevailed

over men, and my heart is pleased. Said by the Majesty :

I shall prevail over them, (and I shall complete)

15 their ruin. And during several nights there was Sechet*

trampling the blood under her feet as far as Heracleopolis.

Said by (the Majesty of Ra)

16 I call before me my Messengers; let them hasten, and

1 The “Sun ” or Helios.

7 The Egyptian Aphrodite or Venus.

3 Wife of Ptah, allied with Bast or Bubastis.

THE DESTRUCTION OF MANKIND. 107

run, and hurry to the utmost of their strength, and the

Messengers (came)

17 immediately. Said by the Majesty of the god : Let

them begin with Elephantine, and bring to me fruits in

quantity. And when the fruits had been brought, they

were given

18 the Sekti of Heliopolis was grinding the fruits while the

priestesses poured the juice into vases;and those fruits

were put in vessels (with the)

19 blood of men;and there were made seven thousand

pitchers of drink. And there came the Majesty of the

King of Upper and Lower Egypt, with the gods to see

the drink after he had ordered

20 to the goddess to destroy the men, in three days of

navigation. Said by the Majesty of Ra : It is well done,

all this. I shall now protect

2 1 men on account of this. Said by Ra : I raise now myhand that I shall not destroy men. The Majesty of the

King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Ra, ordered

PLATE B.

22 in the midst of the night to pour out the water of the

vessels, and the fields were entirely covered with water

through the will of the Majesty of the god; and there

23 the goddess at the morning, and she found tRe fields

covered with water and she was pleased with it and she

drank to her satisfaction, and she went away satisfied, and

she saw no

24 men. Said by the Majesty of Ra to this goddess

Come in peace, thou gracious goddess, and there arose

the young Priestess of Amu. 1 Said by the Majesty of Ra:

25 to the goddess : I order that libations be made to her at

every festival of the new year, under the direction of myPriestesses. Hence comes that libations are made under

the direction of Priestesses at the festival of Hathor,

26 through all men since the days of old.

Said by the Majesty of Ra to the goddess : There is a

burning disease which torments me. What is it that gives

27 me pain ? Said by the Majesty of Ra : I am living that

my heart is weary to be with them (the men);

I have not

at all destroyed them;

it is not a

28 destruction which I have done myself. Said by the gods

who followed him : Away with thy weariness; thou hast

obtained all thou desirest. Said by the Majesty

29 of the god to the Majesty of Nun : My limbs are

suffering long ago. I cannot walk, until I reach another

(to support me). Said by the Majesty of Nun : My son

Su, thou shalt do

30 thy father in his creations. My daughter

Nut, put Said by Nut : As it seems to myfather Nun

there was Nut the Majesty

of Ra on her back there were the men.

and they saw him on the back of

(cow;) said to him by the

33 men : let us smite the enemies, the rebels

34 His Majesty arrived in the sanctuary the cow

with them;the earth was in darkness

he gave light to the earth in the morning, the men

35 were going forth, bearing their bows shoot

Name of a place or town.

THE DESTRUCTION OF MANKIND. IO9

their arrows against my enemies. Said by the Majesty of

the god:

your sins are behind you, destruction of

enemies

36 removes destruction to destruction. Said by

the Majesty of the god, I have resolved to be lifted up;

37 who is it whom Nut will trust with it ? and there arose

Said by the Majesty of the god : Remove mefrom them, carry me that I may see

38 and there arose and the Majesty of the god

saw the inner part (of the sanctuary) and he said : I

assemble and give the possession

39 of these multitudes of men, and there arose

Said by the Majesty of the god : Let a field of rest

extend itself, and there arose a field of rest. Let the

plants grow

40 there, and there arose the field Aalu. 1

I establish as

inhabitants all the beings which are suspended in the sky,

the stars, and Nut began

41 to tremble very strongly. Said by the Majesty of Ra :

I assemble there the multitudes that they may celebrate

thee, and there arose the multitudes. Said by the

Majesty of Ra :

42 My son Su, take with thee my daughter Nut, and be

the guardian of the multitudes which live in the nocturnal

43 put them on thy head, and be their fosterer;hence

comes that

this chapter is said to the cow which is called

the multitude of beings.

[The description of the cow is omitted.]

56 Said by the Majesty of the god to Thoth : Call before

1 Name of the Egyptian Elysium.

no RECORDS OF THE PAST.

me the Majesty of Seb, saying : Hasten, come im-

mediately. When the Majesty of Seb arrived, the

Majesty of the god said : Be the guardian

57 of thy serpents which are in thee, let them fear me such

as I am, thou shalt know their wisdom, and afterwards

thou shalt go to the place in which is my father Nun, and

thou shalt tell him :

58 Be the guardian of the reptiles of land and water, and

afterwards thou shalt write in all the abodes in which are

thy serpents, saying : Beware to take hold of anything

let them know that for a long time

59 I have been giving them light, and all that concerns

them belongs to their father and thou art their father in

this land eternally. Beware afterwards of those en-

chanters

60 whose mouth is subtle, through whom I am enchanted

myself, if I I cannot preserve myself, because

of the long time which

61 has been before (because of my old age); I send them

to thy son Osiris. Be the guardian of their children;for

the hearts of their elders are perverted through their

intelligence, they do what

62 they like, on the whole earth, through the charms which

they have in their bodies. Said by the Majesty of the

god : I call before me Thoth, and Thoth came im-

mediately. Said

PLATE C.

63 by the Majesty of the god to Thoth : Come let us leave

the sky

64 and my abode, because I wish

65 to make a luminary

66 in the inferior sky and in the deep region

THE DESTRUCTION OF MANKIND. Ill

67 where thou inscribest the inhabitants, and thou art the

guardian of

68 those who do

69 evil

70 the followers whom my heart hates.

71 But thou art my abode, the god of my abode;behold,

thou wilt be called Thoth, the abode of Ra. I shall

give thee to send and there arose the ibis of

Thoth. I shall

72 give thee to raise thy hand in the presence of the gods,

greater than the and there arose the two wings

of the ibis of Thoth;

I shall give thee to embrace

73 the two parts of the sky, with thy beauty and with thy

rays, and there arose the moon-crescent of Thoth. I

shall give thee to turn thyself towards the Northern

nations; and there arose the cynocephalus 1 of Thothwhich is

74 in his escort. Thou art under my dominion. All eyes

are open on thee, and all men worship thee as a god.

He who says those words himself

75 is anointed with balsam and oil;a censer is in his hand,

and incense

76 behind both his ears;his lips are purified with bet, and

he is clothed with two new

77 tissues; he is washed with pure water and has put on

sandals

78 of wood;the sign of Ma!

is on his tongue in fresh colour

roi of the scribes. When Thoth intends

79 to read this Book to Ra, he purifies himself during nine

days. The prophets and the men must do

1 Sacred ape of the god Thoth or Chons.a The goddess of truth.

80 the same;he who reads it, and makes all the cere-

monies which are prescribed in this book

8 1 his life time is multiplied . . . added; he has his eyes,

82 he has all his limbs, his steps are not hindered

the men. He is like

83 Ra himself on the day of his birth;his property is not

lessened, and his monument is not destroyed. 1

1 A kind of rubric.

EGYPTIAN MAGICAL TEXT,

FROM A PAPYRUS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

TRANSLATED BY

S. BIRCH, LL.D.

'JpHE Papyrus of which the following is a transla-

tion, is in the British Museum, and came from the

collection of Mr. Salt (No. 825). It is very fragile, and

of a very dark brown colour, of a softer texture than

the material usually employed. Unfortunately the

beginning is not complete, so that it is not possible

to know the number of pages that are wanting. It

still contains twenty pages of hieratic writing of nine-

lines to the page, and the careful and distinct hand in

which it is written shows it to have been part of a

book. The text is as yet unpublished, greater

interest attaching to the class of historical papyri,

VOL. vi. 9

I 14 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

but it resembles in its contents the papyri of Leyden

and the Louvre, especially those recently published

by M. Maspero, Memoire sur quelques papyrus du

Louvre,4to., Paris, 1875. Besides the hieratic text

the papyrus contains some vignettes and hieroglyphic

inscriptions in the secret or later hieroglyphs, which

appear in use as early as the XIXth Dynasty, but the

present papyrus appears to have been written between

the period of the XXIst and XXVIth Dynasties. It

is divided into sections, or chapters, like the Ritual,

and appears to be one of a magical class. Its chief

interest is the esoterical explanations it affords of the

growth of plants.

MAGICAL TEXTS.

PAGE i.

r It is said by night not by day, which would bring evil

2 on earth. The gods put their hands on their heads the

earth is shaken.

3 When he goes forth the morn remains, the sky . . .' in

4 the earth is broken to pieces, the waters are in confusion

and are no longer navigable.

5 The . .' (gods) listen : mankind complains, the souls weep.

6 The goddesses, men, souls, the dead, animals

7 complain much,

8 . . .* the heart . . they bring . ..‘

1 causes strength to be doubled, and flame renewed. It is

the liquid spirit the Sun gave to his son. When Horus2 weeps, the water that falls from his eyes grows into

plants producing a sweet perfume. When Baba2lets fall

3 blood from his nose, it grows into plants changing to

cedars, and produce turpentine instead of the water.

4 When Shu and Tefnut 3 weep much, and water falls from

their eyes, it changes into plants that produce incense.

5 When the Sun weeps a second time, and lets fall water

from his eyes, it is changed into working bees;they work

6 in the flowers of each kind, and honey and wax are

produced instead of the water.

7 When the Sun becomes weak, he lets fall the perspiration

of his members, and this changes to a liquid.

8 . . . linen, it has become . .

1 Lacunae. 2 Typhon, the Greek Babys or Bebon.

3 Twin children of the Sun, male and female.

RECORDS OF THE PAST.1 16

1 much, he bleeds, and the blood changes to salt . ..'

chooses them for remedies, the Sun coming from

2 which they give to the divine members. When the Sun is

weak he perspires, water falls from his mouth to the earth,

and changes to the plants

3 of the papyrus. When Nephthys 2is very weak, her per-

spiration flows and is changed to the plant Tas.

4 The region of Benben and Ai, when the Sun sits there,

he perspires

5 there. The region of Tami, when Ptah sits there, he

perspires. Regions Tatta and Ha-

6 tefa, when Osiris sits there, his perspiration falls there.

The two gorges of Elephantine . . d

7 perspires there. Shu and Tefnut give it to the divine

members, they produce them in ... d

8 he opens his mouth divine in this day

9 by his orders. The gods Shu

1 and Tefnut, Seb, Nu, Horus, Isis, Nephthys, Thoth,

vivify him daily, Shu and Tefnut

2 are full of solicitude for the substance of the heart, they

weep much, they place a book

3 on him, it is the hair of a scorpion, the great one of the

Sun, called the devouring throat

4 which swallows the . . d he is on earth and is the

strangler.

5 He has been called the . . . .' he who leads the over-

thrown, who swallows the wicked ones.

6 Shu and Tefnut place their son Horus son of Isis,

on the . . . d

1 Lacuna. 2 Sister of Osiris and Isis.

MAGICAL TEXTS. 117

7 throne of his father, they upset Set,' they drag (him)

to the secret place of punishment in the East.

8 Horus kills him in his name, the god strangles

9 the wicked enemies that are there, the gods and

goddesses protect this god in his divine being,

1 each day upsetting the wicked ones for ever in the land

of Uasbuasb, of Ab, of Sesu,

2 of Testes, of Khnem. Set’s blood falls in the cities;

this is the Eastern palm tree. For the wax . . .’all

made for the wicked ones

4 to destroy the bad race, and to prevent his soul from

escaping punishment.

5 Do not sit down yourself there, enter not there, for it

is the great region of the benefactor who

6 protects the King in his palace;they therefore bring

them and place them under

7 Sekhet, vomiting flames against the wicked ones to

suffocate them. As to the palm tree of the West,

8 it belongs to Osiris. Oh ! fatal words keeping the

heart of the Magic Book.

9 The 20th Thoth is the day to receive the Book of

Orders. Life

r o and death proceed from it:*the Magic Book was in-

corporated in that day. This hidden book triumphs

1 over enchantments, connects ligatures, prepares ties,

destroys the lock. Life and death proceed from it.

Come not beneath its influence.

2 If any one falls in its power, he dies (as if killed by

blows) forthwith. Go not very far, for life and death are

in it; the Scribe of . ..’ has made it in his name for the

Treasury.1 Typhon, enemy and brother of Osiris. ’ Lacuna.

Il8 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

3 The oar of the lake is Horus who overthrows

4 his accusers, he draws them from the region of Eastern

Hut. The lake-oar is the tamarisk tree, having seven

ells, and two spithams,' it makes the third.

5 A club has been brought from the Eastern region by the

Sun, and he overthrows his enemies therewith. It is

four spithams high. There are four mansions of life

6 at Abydos, (each) is built four stories high and is in-

ternally wainscoated with palm wood. There are four

mansions of life

7 Osiris is master thereof. The four houses are Isis,

Nephthys, Seb and Nu. Isis is placed in one, Nephthys

8 in another, Horus in one, Tahuti in another, at the

four angles: Seb is above, Nu

9 is below. The four outer walls are of stone. It has

two stories, its foundation is sand

ro its exterior is jasper, one is placed to the South, another

to the North, another to the West, another to the East.

1 It is very hidden, unknown, invisible, nothing save

the Solar disk

2 sees it. It escapes men that go there. The Sun’s

Librarians, the Treasure Scribes are within. Shu . . .

3 he who causes to retrograde, is Horus who strikes the

enemies of his father Osiris. The writer of his divine

books is Thoth

4 who vivifies it each day, its excellency is neither seen

nor heard. The body of water is hidden going

5 to plunge the Amu who do not go there : though near,

he does not see it. This book

6 is that which is therein. The souls of the Sun are

around;this great god approaches them to kill his enemies.

Those that dwell there are1 The Egyptian span.

MAGICAL TEXTS. 119

7 the Sun’s Librarians. The Sun’s servants protect his son

Osiris daily. Shu and Tefnut make charms

8 to fascinate these wicked conspirators. Tefnut changes

her shape into a club of four Sfiithams (long) inside of

9 this place, facing the room wherein the god dwells, she

makes a crown of divine flowers round the neck of this god,

she decorates her own neck, she is like fire against the

wicked ones, like the North wind to the nostrils of her

son Osiris.

1 Shu takes the shape of an eagle’s wing; he makes a lock

or tress of sheep’s wool to go round this god’s neck;

2 placed on the throat of (Osiris). Shu gives breath to the

nostrils of his son Osiris to repel his enemies, they are

repulsed

3 from his members. He makes this body protected, he

watches over the King in his palace.

4 Shu says : O thou shut in the Solar disk, hidden in thy

house ! O you enemies who retain the breath far from him

5 your faces. A lock of hair has been made to suffocate

your souls. I am Shu who destroys your bodies. Tefnutsays

6 O thou;

hidden by the roof;

hidden by the dooi

lock, the cowards are upset by thy blows ! I am

7 Tefnut, thundering against those who are kept on the

earth, who are annihilated for ever. Seb says

[Here follow some secret hieroglyphs.]

8 Nu says : the god Nu is hidden in the divine mystery.

Seb is hiddenPAGE 9.

1 in his shape, Isis protects him, Nephthys watches over

him, as protectors of the lock of the fiery lake of the

sea proceeding in its course.

2 The accusers live and die!your souls are annihilated,

your bodies are not preserved, your souls are annihilated,

you are no longer on this earth.

3 . . . d drags their enemies before the King. Retrograde

ye damned, the son of Tefnut resists, he prevails against

the wicked ones

4 by the hair of a cow, passing yesterday, carrying to day

the blood of the mystic eye, the skin of the head of a

urans serpent, the eye

5 of a dwarf, “ Lord of the waters, rejoicing, raising

and lowering the gate of heaven soul of souls, creation of

creation, only one created” 2in the South and in the

North, very hidden

6 in his members, hidden in his greatness, thou the type

who lives by thy life.

7 O ye wicked ones, the flames of Amen-Ra are in his

members, they cannot be extinguished at all,

8 ever devouring your bones. His shape is hidden, his

type is hidden

9 his name is unknown, he repels the children emanating

from him he gives the flame

io to you, ye are consumed.

[Then are depicted four regions or amulets.]

1 A circle of a green herb, a drop of well-water. The

following objects must be placed therein : the heart of a

jackal, the nostril of a pig, the urine of an ape. This is

followed by

2 a plate of beaten gold wherein an eagle’s wing is to befigured.

3 An heart-formed object; opposite which is written

hieratically : “Thou triumphest over thy enemies.” In the

interior are secret hieroglyphics or unintelligible anaglyphs.

4 A crocodile carrying a feather on its head, sitting on a

1 Lacuna.2 The words between inverted commas are in the secret writing'.

MAGICAL TEXTS. I 2 I

particular shaped wheel;

inside the wheel is an urtzus

serpent;

a legend relative to a crocodile calls it :

“The turner of destruction crocodile, that which

nurtured by impurity, the great truth, burning its enemies

by the entire revolution of the hole.” 1 The Urczus legend

calls it “ The great mother, mistress of the burning hole,

burning with its figure, mistress of shade, nurtured with

blood, mistress of the unfaithful she, nourished by him.”

It is said of the region “ this region is detestable, it sees

the . . . of a father by his son, it cannot be seen or

heard.”

PAGE n.1 The burning brasier 3

2 The great fire-basin

3 prepared by him who affrights

4 the overthrown : he that is headless

5 the place of death, the place

6 of life : the great rock

7 throwing fire against Set and his companions.

PAGE i2.

1 The fire coming from the mouth against the wicked

ones (name of first ape).4

2 The Mistress of flame burning the accusers (name of

second ape). Living off the

3 blood of the overthrown (name of third ape) Mistress of

death who lives

4 by seizing (name of fourth ape). The one is made for the

throat band

5 of him who hides his name;the other is made

6 for the throat band of the Sun, another

7 is made for the throat band of Ptah.

1 Karrt, “hole” or “lock,” it is applied to the abodes of the damned in

Hades.2 Lacuna. 3 “ brasier ” or “ censer.”

4 Perhaps the names of the apes and braziers, cap. cxxvi. of the Ritual.

8 another is made for the throat band of Osiris,

[Below in a square is painted an Asiatic man, bearded, kneel-

ing' and tied at the elbows to the god Nub, with an animal’s

head and ears cut off;these two images are back to back. On

the side of Nub are read :]

The accusers have failed, the vile Set with his companions.

[On the Asiatic’s side are read :]

The vile hardened hearts.

[Below this scene are four adoring apes to which the aforesaid

legends refer.]

1 Mistress of place of punishment, or mistress of fire, by

which she prevails (name of first serpent).

2 Very terrible in battle (name of second serpent). Mistress

of tears

3 who lives off them (name of third serpent). She whose

sparks subdue (name of fourth serpent). They are

4 the words of the books or chapters, to overthrow

enemies.

5 The Book to place Enemies in the Fire, the one to Drive

away the Foe :

6 That to Destroy Enemies.

[Below a vignette with four nrai serpents.]

1 The four brasiers are

2 The mistress of theft living by it

3 she whose figure is red against the profane :

4 the groaning figure :

5 living off the living.

6 These are the titles of the four books : the Old

7 Book;the Book to Destroy

8 Men;the Great Book

the Book to be as God.9

MAGJCAL TEXTS. 123

[The vignette of this page represents the house of Osiris whereof

the preceding pages speak in detail. The house is square, the

god stands in the interior on a pedestal cubit-shaped emblemof Truth. Below is an oval bearing the name of the goddess,

Neith and the Nine Bows, emblems of foreign nations. Before

the house is hieratically written :]

O thou daily hidden one

[The house has a door at each cardinal point;in an interior

angle is the emblem of life. At the exterior angles are the

names of Horus, Thoth, Isis, and Nephthys. In the middle of

the sides is written :]

Very hidden, very reserved.

1 Chapter to Open the Gate of this House :“ I have

opened heaven I have opened earth I enter. O ye

Western and Eastern doors

2 let me enter;

I am the wind passing by you.

3 Chapter to Open the Place of the Chapel of Seat of

Neith. I am the seat of Neith, hidden

• 4 in the hidden, concealed in the concealed, shut up in

the shut up, unknown I am knowledge.

5 I am the lion of the ape, I am the hidden in flame,

which never ceases, heaven

6 is closed, the waters are shut up;where waters are

terrible flame is quiet. Seb the goddess of Nu and the

god Nu come to-

7 gether, they are detained. The disk is wanting above.

Your protection . . ..' the dwelling of Neith

8 is the (gorge)1 of Enhur, 3 god of Tennu 4 the mystical.

He is hidden in the way of the (gorge);1

9 it is the mystery of magic, and the salvation of some

one. The words of Shu, when he made his son triumph,

and placed his enemies

under him : he placed the talisman at the throat and1 Lacuna. 1 Throat. 3 Onouris or Mars. 4 Tennu, Silsilis.

saved him (from his enemy). He made him safe thereby.

Shu wept

1 1 when he was beaten by him. He gives life to Kami 1

moment, by the breath of his mouth giving motion to

Osiris. The words of

12 Shu after placing the talisman to his throat, I am the

daily hidden genius who hides himself beneath life, burning

1 in his hole, protected by the talisman

2 which masters every foreigner, country South, North,

West, East, who oppose

3 dead or living ones subject to this god. The palm tree

4 becomes like Osiris in Niti.

5 Thoth took it to bind Osiris to the great crown.

6 The palm . d by order of the seventeenth and nineteenth,

twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth days of the month Thoth[The amulet is against the Pet-ma, Brugsch, Geographic, 1 . 49,

Nos. 282-5, at the end of the 7th line after the master of Silsilis is

with Ta or At s’ta feka, mystic passage of “The Eradicator.”

Now come in secret characters the ingredients to be mingled for

magical results.]

[1st line shows a marine monster like a dolphin with four

feet and a tail ending in a serpent’s head. San-mi Hut-ur,“ Plunger of the Sea,” followed by the Nile god.]

1 The plunger of the Sea. 3

2 A jar of sand.

3 Divine incense.

4 Incense of Shu and Tefnut.

5 A jar of wine for Amen-Ra.

6 Nile water mixed with a jar of wine.

7 Take a jar of oil, foam of the liquid called shot? and wine,

wash it making thereof a nefer

1 Egypt.4 Lacuna.

3 A dolphin. 4 “ Spirits of Wine,” or “ Effervescing Wine.”5 “A compound,” or “good compound.”

MAGICAL TEXTS. I2 5

First Formula: In the place where one makes the image of

Osiris, who dwells in the West, flowers of the sea water

4 jars; 4J4 jars of sand or sea weed

;2*4 jars of essence

of cedar oil; 2*/2 jars of liquid shot, put in a mystic pot

of earthenware firm in his hands, and io urcei serpents

shaped like the white crown on the head. Do not con-,

sider the work unknown. One grain of incense, one

smoke or fumigation, 2 jars of bitumen, 2 wax candles,

2*4 jars of foam of(tas).

Thou hast done all he has done, he will make the

breath return, he embalms the work, he is unknown.

Second Formula: 2 grains of incense, 2 fumigations, 2

jars of cedar oil, 2 jars of tas, 2 jars of wine, 2 jars of

liquid shot. At the place of thy heart, they embalm

strongly. Thou art protected (against accidents) of life

thou art protected against a violent death;thou art pro-

tected against fire, thou escapest in heaven, and thou art

not ruined on earth. He has been saved from (death) and

has not been consumed by the gods.

1 If one proceeds under it, one dies in that time, the

mystery is very great.

2 The Sun is Osiris. Make him . ..' with thy own hand

and with thy smallest finger.

3 He is placed as a mummy of the tree amain and sycamore

2 cubits 1 digit high

4 his side being in a sheep, and the hind part

5 being of reed. Behind is a sanctuary of fine gold of

6 8 cubits 2 digits high, the ... d of the sanctuary of

cedars 1 o cubits 2 digits high

7 his lower part made dent* wood of Sesou 3 cubits

broad the

Lacuna. ! Acacia, or sont wood.

RECORDS OF THE PAST.126

8 . . . of reeds in the interior. Put this behind the

[Vignette containing Osiris standing at the right, holding asceptre with his two hands

;behind the god is the figure of the

goddess Pasht, with this inscription :]

Thy mother Tefnut vivified thee.

[Before Osiris is a standing lioness carrying the crown atf,

and vomiting fire. Behind Tefnut is Nephthys and behindPasht is Isis. After this scene, one sees a square surmountedby a lioness, crowned with the atf; one side the square

is a sheepskin stretched, in the behind of which is Osiris

standing, turning to the right. This object has analogous

legends with the names of the gods Amen-Ra and Ptah, the

title of Osiris;“ He who Dwells in the West,” and the following

explanations :]

Shu is thy father, he vivifies thee;thy father is Set

thy mother is Nu, they vivify thee.

[On the right one sees a lioness couchant carrying the crown

atf; her mouth exhales fire;she is called “ Menti,” name of a

lion-headed goddess :]

Who breathes fire at night.

[Below this lioness are four urai serpents each wearing a

head ornament in symbol. The first wears the hut or white

crown, probably represents Sati, the Egyptian f21110. The second

wears the red crown teshr of Neith, the Egyptian Minerva,the

third wears a solar disk and represents a goddess attached to the

Sun-god’s pure disk. The fourth wears the lunar disk, ordinarily

only worn by the ibis, cynocephali, and the emblem of the Moon’smasculine type

;but as Thoth has a feminine type, so may

the Moon have one too. The two ends of the vignette are ter-

minated by two gods each wearing four feathers. Their heads

are in shape a rolled object, ending behind with a feather or

something analogous. “ He gives the North wind to thy nostrils.”

The other legend is solely the word “ wind.” Seem to be the types

of Shu.]

Lacuna.

THE SONG OF THE HARPER.

TRANSLATED BY

LUDWIG STERN.

'J'HE text of the following song, found in the tomb

of Neferhetep at Abd-cl-Gurnah, is a good speci-

men of Egyptian poetry of the XVIIIth Dynasty. It

was first copied by Mr. Diimichen (Historischc In-

schriften II. 40,) and subsequently by myself. In

addition to a translation in the Zeitschrift fur

dgyptische Sprache 1873, p. 58, I gave some critical

observations in the same journal of 1875. Professor

Lauth of Munich translated it in an appendix to his

essay on the music of the ancient Egyptians.

The song is very remarkable for the form of old

Egyptian poetry, which like that of the Hebrews

delights in a sublimer language, in parallelisms and

antitheses, and in the ornament of a burden;no

doubt it was sung, and it seems to be even rythmic,

forming verses of equal length.

Ured urui pit, maPa shati nefer kheper

Khetu her sebt ter rck RdJaindu her at r ast-sen.

Though part of the text is unhappily much muti-

lated, we yet may gather the general ideas of the

poem from the disjecta membra which remain.

It is a funeral song, supposed to be sung by the

harper at a feast or anniversary in remembrance of

the deceased patriarch Neferhetep, who is represented

sitting with his sister and wife Rennu-m-ast-neh, his

son Ptahmes and his daughter Ta-Khat standing by

their side, whilst the harper before them is chanting.

The poet addresses his speech as well to the dead as

to the living, assuming in his fiction the former to be

yet alive. The room of the tomb, on the walls of

which such texts were inscribed, may be thought a

kind of chapel appointed for the solemn rites to be

performed by the survivors. The song which bears a

great resemblance to the Song of the House of King

Antef, lately translated by the eminent Mr. Goodwin,

affords a striking coincidence with the words which

Herodotus (II. 78)' asserts to have been repeated on

such occasions, whilst a wooden image of the deceased,

probably the figure called usheb,was circulating among

the guests. “ Look upon this !” they said, “ then drink

and rejoice, for thou shalt be as this is.”

1 See Records of the Past, Vol. IV., p. 117.

THE SONG OF THE HARPER.

[Chanted by the singer to the harp who is in the chapel of the

Osirian, the Patriarch of Amen, the blessed Neferhotep.]

He says :

The great one is truly at rest,

the good charge is fulfilled.

Men pass away since the time of Ra,

and the youths come in their stead.

Like as Ra reappears every morning,

and TujvT sets in the horizon,

men are begetting,

and women are conceiving.

Every nostril inhaleth once the breezes of dawn,

but all born of women go down to their places.

Make a good day, O holy father !

Let odours and oils stand before thy nostril.

Wreaths of lotus are on the arms and the bosom of thy

sister,

dwelling in thy heart, sitting beside thee.

Let song and music be before thy face,

and leave behind thee all evil cares !

Mind thee of joy, till cometh the day of pilgrimage,

when we draw near the land which loveth silence.

Not . . . .3 peace of heart . . . .

3 his loving son.

Make a good day, O blessed Neferhotep,thou Patriarch perfect and pure of hands !

He finished his existence ..(the common fate of men).

Their abodes pass away,

and their place is not

they are as they had never been bornsince the time of Ra.

(They in the shades) are sitting on the bank of the river,

thy soul is among them, drinking its sacred water,

1 The Sun.2 A form of the Sun god of the West, the chief god of Heliopolis.

3 Lacuna.

VOL. VI. 10

following thy heart, at peace 1

Give bread to him whose field is barren,

thy name will be glorious in posterity for evermore;

they will look upon thee 1

(The Priest clad in the skin)

2 of a panther will pour to

the ground,

and bread will be given as offerings;

the singing women . . ..'

Their forms are standing before Ra,their persons are protected . . .

Rannu 3 will come at her hour,

and Shu will calculate his day,

thou shalt awake 1 (woe to the bad one !)

He shall sit miserable in the heat of infernal fires.

Make a good day, O holy father,

Neferhotep, pure of hands !

No works of buildings in Egypt could avail,

his resting place is all his wealth . . ..'

Let me return to know what remaineth of him !

Not the least moment could be added to his life,

(when he went to) the realm of eternity.

Those who have magazines full of bread to spend,

even they shall encounter the hour of a last end.

The moment of that day will diminish the valour of the

Mind thee of the day, when thou too shalt start for the land,

to which one goeth to return not thence.

Good for thee then will have been (an honest life,)

therefore be just and hate transgressions,

for he who loveth justice (will be blessed).

The coward and the bold, neither can fly, (the grave)

the friendless and proud are alike ....Then let thy bounty give abundantly, as is fit,

(love) truth, and Isis shall bless the good,

(and thou shalt attain a happy) old age.

1 Lacuna.2 The panther’s skin was the special characteristic of the dress of the

priest of Khem the vivifier.1 Rannu, an Egyptian goddess who presided over the harvest.

STORY OF SANEHA,AN

EGYPTIAN TALE OF THE Xllth DYNASTY.

TRANSLATED RY

C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.

'P'HE following Egyptian narrative of an auto-

biographical kind may serve to vivify two very

ancient kings, already well known to us by monu-

ments, Amenemha I. and Osirtesen I., the first two

sovereigns of the twelfth dynasty. The papyrus

from which this narrative is taken is preserved in

the Museum of Berlin, having been purchased by

Dr. Lepsius for that collection in London many years

ago. A fac-simile of this manuscript and of three

others in the same handwriting was first published in

i860, in the concluding volume of that gigantic work

Denkmdler sEgyptc?is, Abth. vi., Bl. 104 and foil. All

four papyri remained undeciphered, notwithstanding

i3 2 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

their tempting appearance, until 1863, when the task

was undertaken simultaneously by M. Chabas and the

writer of the present version, but without concert or

communication. M. Chabas produced the result of his

researches in November, 1863, in a work entitled Lcs

Papyrus Hieratiques de Berlin, recits d'il y a quatre

mille ans. The present writer read his translation to

the Society of Antiquaries, in the month following,

after having seen the work of M. Chabas, but without

having occasion to make any material alteration in

consequence. The two translations in fact, if not

precisely identical, agreed in all essential points.

The four Berlin papyri appear to be the work of

the same hand, yet the writing varies very much in

different parts. The best written parts are those

where the lines are vertical;when the scribe had got

tired of this arrangement, or, perhaps, when he was

afraid of wanting room, he lapsed into the ordinary

horizontal arrangement of lines, and his writing

becomes careless and bad.

No. I, the subject of this translation, wants the

commencement;but there remain three hundred and

eleven lines or columns. In some parts the divisions

of sections are distinguished by headings in red ink.

Nos. 2 and 4 contain portions of an extremely

curious legend of a rustic, who is robbed of his asses

by a tyrannical officer, and brings his complaint to

the governor of the province. The governor, at the

STORY OF SANEHA. 133

suggestion of King Nebkara, the last monarch it

seems of the Illrd Dynasty, affects to despise the

appeal, for the purpose of testing the veracity or the

perseverance of the rustic, who utters a series of

eloquent harangues, all of which are taken down in

writing to be reported to the king. This primaeval

law case unluckily wants the final decision, which we

may be satisfied, however, was in the rustic’s favour.

The two papyri in which this story is contained are

not parts of the same copy. The text of No. 2

coincides towards the end with the beginning of that

of No. 4, so that they must be parts of two different

copies. A small part of a third copy which supplies

the beginning of the story exists in the British

Museum.

The Berlin papyrus No. 3 contains the concluding

part of a sort of poetical effusion, not very easy to

characterize.

Nothing has been recorded as to the finding of

these papyri;we know not whether they came from

a Theban or a Memphite tomb, or whether from

some other kind of repository;for it seems strange

that works of this kind should be buried with the

dead. If they came from a tomb they may have

been pieces copied by the occupant with his own

hand, and which he delighted to peruse when alive.

From the style of the handwriting, and from various

peculiarities in the language, they may be unhesi-

*34 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

tatingly assigned to the Xllth or XHIth Dynasties,

that is to the old Egyptian empire, previous to the

invasion of the Hykshos. When the dominion of

Egypt was restored, and the Asiatic invaders ex-

pelled, a certain change had taken place in the

Egyptian language and writing, so that monuments

of this later period are easily distinguishable from

those which belong to the ancient kingdom.

The papyrus No. I, with which we are now princi-

pally concerned, purports to have been composed in

the Xllth Dynasty, and relates, as we have said, to

events in the reigns of its first two kings. The copy

at Berlin is not the composer’s autograph, as it closes

with the scribe’s note that it had been copied from

beginning to end, as found in the original. In all

probability then the actual text dates from the reign

of one of the later kings of the Dynasty. It belongs

to one of the most remarkable periods of Egyptian

history, about which we happen to be very well

informed by the monuments. With the exception of

the book of the Proverbs of Ptahhotcp, preserved in

the Bibliotheque Nationale, and the Ritual ofthe Dead,

the works contained in these Berlin papyri are the

most ancient compositions which have been yet

published. A few other papyri of as old, or it may

be an older date, are known to exist.

THE STORY OF SANEHA.

1 . . . .' one of them, to make me obey

2 the words which he had spoken.

3 When I was on the point of setting out,

4 my heart was troubled;my hands shook,

5 numbness fell on all my limbs.

6 I staggered, yea, I was in perplexity

7 to find myself a place of repose.

8 I simulated a herbseller in order to travel

9 two journeys made I, and returned back.

10 I desired not to approach this mansion. 2

1 1 I longed to become free.

x 2 I said there is no life besides that.

13 I quitted .... the house of the sycamore.

14 I lay down at the station of Snefru,

1 5 I passed the night watch in a corner of the garden.

1 6 I rose up when it was day,

17 and found one preparing for a journey.

18 When he perceived me he was afraid.

19 When the hour of supper was come,

20 I arrived at the town of ... .

2 1 I embarked in a barge without a rudder ....22 I came to Abu .... I made the journey on foot

23 until I came to the fortress which the King

24 had made to keep ofif the Sakti. 3

2 5 An aged man, a herbseller, received me;

26 (I was) in alarm seeing the watchers upon the wall,

27 in daily rotation.

28 But when the time of darkness was passed,

29 and the dawn came,

30 I proceeded on from place to place,

1 The text begins in the middle of a sentence. 2 The palace.3 Eastern Foreigners, enemies of Egypt. S.B.

31 and arrived at the station of Kamur. 1

32 Thirst overtook me in my journey,

33 my throat was parched

34 I said this is the taste of death.

35 I lifted up my heart, I braced my limbs,

36 I heard the pleasant voice of cattle.

37 I beheld a Saktid

38 He demanded of me whither I journeyed (saying),

39 “ O thou that art from Egypt.”

40 Then he gave me water,

41 he poured out milk for me.

42 I went with him to his people.

43 They brought me on from place to place,

44 I came to ... I arrived at Atima.

45 (While) I was there Ammu-anshi 3

46 the King of Upper Tennu 4 sent for me.

47 He said to me, “ Remain with me;

48 thou mayest hear the language of Egypt.”

49 I told him of these affairs

50 (so that) he understood my condition,

5 1 he listened to my disgrace.

52 Certain men of Egypt who were among his guests

53 questioned me. Then he said to me,

54 “To what end hast thou performed these things . . . .

55 Is it true that the wealth of the house of

56 King Amenemha reaches to heaven ?

57 That the wealth of it is incredible?”

58 I said, “It is certain.” I came from the land of theTamahu, 5

59 I rebuked my heart, I tamed my courage.

60 I was unwearied in (travelling),

61 I stopped not in the ways of the renegade,1 A town in Lower Egypt of the 13th or Heliopolite nome, Brugsch,

Geog. I., 150, 260. S.B.2 Eastern Foreigner. S.B. 3 Local king not otherwise known.

4 Uncertain site, perhaps Silsilis. S.B. 5 Libya.

STORY OF SANEHA. 13 7

62 I was not an idler, not ....63 no listener to counsels of sloth,

64 my name was not heard in the place of reproof,

65 I relaxed not. When I was brought

66 to this land,1

it was as though a god was in it;

67 a land such as one which a beneficent god presides over,

68 one whose terror extends to the lands like Secret 2

69 in the season of pestilence. He spoke to me,

70 and I answered him, (saying) “ Save us !”

71 His son comes home, bringing prosperity

72 to the affairs of his father.

73 He also is a god, without fears,

74 none such was ever before him,

75 he is most skilful in affairs,

76 beneficent in mandates, going out and coming in.

77 When he bids, he makes the regions flourish.

78 His father is in his palace,

79 he announces to him how much he has profited.

80 Moreover he is a valiant man,

81 doing deeds of strength with his sword,

82 there is not his equal. Behold him goingup against the Petti,3

83 he suppresses violence, he chastens pride,

84 abasing regions, his enemies rise not up again ....85 that which is before him stands not,

86 but bows the knee

87 He is joyful when he sees multitudes,

88 he lets not his heart remain behind.

89 He is cheerful when he sees contest,

90 he rejoices when he goes up against the Petti. He takes

his shield ....91 he redoubles his blows, he smites,

1 Egypt-2 Or Pasht, the goddesses Sechet, Bast or Bubasis, Ptah, of which one

was the wife, formed with their son Nefer-Atum the Memphite triad.

3 Western Foreigners, “ Bows.” S.B.

92 and none escape his javelin,

93 not a warrior of the Petti can bend his bow

94 his limbs are like (those of)

95 the greyhound of the great goddess,

96 his javelin is named Chemet 1

. . . .

97 His country loves him above itself,

98 rejoicing in him above a god

99 Men and women run to call upon his name, (saying),

100 “ He is like a King, a conqueror from the egg.”

ror His countenance ever since he was born,

102 has multiplied births, and each one is from God.

103 This land rejoices in his rule, he widens his boundaries.

104 He subdues the lands of the south,

105 he covets not the lands of the north.

106 He has become a master over the Sakti,

107 repelling the Nemma-sha. 2

xo8 When he marches forth

109 he knows how to clear the way before him.

no He ceases not to do good to the land

in of those who are of his race. ,

1 12 He 3 said to me,

1 13 “Yea, Egypt is safe; it is good . . .

1 14 Behold as long as thou art with me,

11 5 I will do thee good.”

1 16 He placed me over his children,

1 17 he married me to his eldest daughter,

1 18 he endowed me with a part of his land

1 19 of the choicest which belonged to him,

120 from one extremity to the other.

1 21 It was a good land, Aam 4 was its name;

122 there was the fruit tabh in it, and the fruit aru.

123 It abounded in wines more than in water . . .

1 “ Desire.”2 People whose situation is unknown.

3 The King of the Tennu. 4 A Southern tribe.

124 Its honey was plentiful, and its palms,

125 all its trees were fruit-bearing.

126 There was barley in it, and wheat,

127 there was no limit to its cattle.

128 Moreover, licence was conferred upon me

129 of going wherever I chose.

130 He made me a master of servants

13 1 of the choicest of his land.

132 There was given me bread of Mailt

133 wine daily, of flesh a dish, of fowl in a plate,

134 besides the game of the field,

135 which was prepared for me,

136 and was brought to me,

r 3 7 besides that which was supplied for my dogs.

138 There was given me abundance of milk in every pail.

139 I passed many years;children were born to me.

140 They became strong, each one;

141 a valiant ruler over his servants ....142 All men respected me.

143 I gave water to the thirsty,

1 44 I set the wanderer in the way.

145 I took away the oppressor of the Sakti,

146 putting a stop to violence

147 the rulers of lands, I caused them to come.

148 The King of Tennu permitted me149 to pass many years amongst his people.

150 Every land which I visited I caused it to contribute

15 1 of the forage of its pastures, I divided its cattle,

152 I took away its slave population,

153 I delivered .... I smote the men.

154 It fell to my sword and to my bow,

155 at my feet, in my many exploits ....156 He 3 was satisfied, he loved me,

1 According to M. Chabas, mant is a drink. ! The King.

157 perceiving my prowess;

158 he made me chief of his children,

159 beholding the valour of my arm.

160 There came a strong man of Tennu1 6 1 to challenge me in my dwelling

162 he was a distinguished man, he had no rivals,

163 he had driven them all away.

164 He said that he would fight with me;

165 he hoped to conquer me;

166 he desired to divide my cattle

167 amongst the troop of his followers.

168 The King consulted about him with me.

169 I said,“I know him not,

170 I have never been his guest,

1 7 1 I am far from his dwelling,

172 I have never opened his door,

1 73 or passed over his hedges.

1 74 He is jealous at seeing me in the performance ofhis duties,

1 75 (hewishes)to take from me cats and dogs besides also cows.

176 He exacts oxen, goats, bulls, to seize them to him.

177 Is there not .... besides me;178 is there no Petti to smite ....179 Behold If his desire is to fight,

180 let him tell his business.

1 81 Doth God forget . . . like those who are dead?”

182 I bent my bow, I drew forth my arrows

183 my dagger was blunt, I sharpened it.

184 I accoutred myself.

185 When it was dawn, Tennu came,

186 she gathered together all her servants,

187 she marshalled the districts which belonged to her,

188 she longed for this fight.

189 Every heart turned towards me.

190 Women and men shouted.

1 9 1 Every heart was sorry for me.

192 They said, “Is there another champion

1 93 able to fight with him ?”

194 Then (he took) his shield,

195 his javelin, his bundle of darts.

196 But when I appeared, armed (to meet) him,

197 I turned aside his arrows to the earth,

198 so that not one lay by another.

199 He exhausted his arrows upon me.

200 My javelin struck in his neck,

201 he cried out (for mercy) he fell upon his face,

202 I threw to him his sword,

203 I put my chain upon his back.

204 Every Amu was glad.

205 I devoted his concubines to Mentu. 1

206 The King Ammu-anshi discharged him,

207 and put me in his office.

208 Then I took his goods, I divided his cattle,

209 that which he desired to do to me I did unto him.

210 I took possession of the things

2 1 1 which were in his home. I stripped his chamber,

2x2 I got great treasure and wealth, I got much cattle.

213 But let God be gracious to him whom he hath raised up,

214 whom he drove into another land;

2x5 let him be like the Sun, his heart mild.

216 Fleeing I fled from before him,

217 I was received into a house.

2 r 8 Wandering I wandered and was hungry

219 bread was set before me

220 I fled from his land naked

221 there was given to me fine linen.

222 One .... there were sent to me many concubines.

223 My mansion was spacious, my place was famous,

1 Mentu an Egyptian war-god, a form of the sun.

224 like a house of all the gods,

225 until I fled from this country.

226 Grant me (to return) home.

227 Permit me to show myself.

228 Have I not suffered anxiety?

229 What more is there to boast?

230 (Let me) be buried in the land where I was born.

231 Let there be a fortunate lot hereafter;

232 grant me pardon.

233 He acts like a beneficent being ....234 his heart pities him who beseeches him

235 that he may live in the land.

236 He is to him like the Sun.

237 He is gracious, he listens to the prayer ofone at a distance.

238 He stretches out his arm to smite the earth with it,

239 (and him) who does not bring him oblations.

240 My name (saith he) is King of Egypt;

241 he who lives in his domains,

242 serving the Queen of the Earth in his house.

243 I hear the complaints of her children.

244 “ O let his streams refresh my limbs.

245 Old age descends, infirmity overtakes me,

246 my eyes are heavy, my hands paralyzed, my legs stagger.

247 When numbness of heart comes, bring me forth

248 let them carry me to the eternal home,

249 the servant of the Lord of all

250 yea let them say, ‘ Happy (new) birth

251 and eternal transmigrations ’ to me.”

252 Behold then, spoke His Majesty

253 King Cheperkara,

the Blessed,

254 to the superintendent of ... .

255 His Majesty sent him to me with kingly gifts;

256 yea, he accorded to me, like a ruler of all the lands,

1 Osertesen I. of the 12th dynasty of which this is the prenomen.

STORY OF SANEHA. H3

257 that the King’s children who were in his house,

258 should cause their complaints to be heard.

259 Copy of the mandate brought to me ... .

260 “Amenemha, 1

living for ever and to eternity.

261 A royal mandate to the servant Saneha.

262 Behold there is brought unto thee

263 this mandate from the King to inform thee.

264 Thou hast traversed the countries,

265 proceeding from Atima 2

to Tennu,

266 going from country to country as thy heart bid thee.

267 Behold that which thou hast done thou hast done.

268 Thou shalt not be called to account

269 for what thou hast said, or hast not said,

270 in the assembly of the young men,

271 (nor) on account of thy having devised this business.

272 Thy heart accomplished it.

273 Thy heart was not faint.

274 Thou didst aspire to a name which should be

275 in the palace, durable, flourishing, like the sun,

276 exalting its head among the kingdoms of the earth,

277 its offspring in the palace ....278 Thou hast amassed treasures

279 they shall be and abide with thee in their fulness . . .

280 If thou comest to Egypt,

281 thou shalt see a house prepared for thee.

282 If thou dost homage to the Great House

283 thou shalt be numbered amongst the Counsellors.

284 That is certain.

285 Lo ! thou hast arrived at middle age,

286 thou hast passed the flower (of youth).

287 Think upon the day of burial,

288 of the passage to Amend.1 Amenemha I. predecessor and co-regent with Osertesen I.

2 Name like Atuma or Edom. S.B.

289 There shall be given thee jars of cedar oil,

290 wrappages by the hands of . . . .,'

291 service shall be done to thee in carrying forth,

292 in the day of burial. An image of gold, the head of

lapis-lazuli,

293 a canopy above thee made of meska 2

294 beasts for thy hunting, players on instruments before thee.

295 The poor shall make their moan

296 at the door of thy tomb.

297 Prayers shall be addressed to thee ....298 Strong shall be thy limbs, thy nerves sound,

299 like a Lord in white amongst the King’s children.

300 There shall be none before thee in the land,

301 no Amu shall surpass (thee).

302 Thou shalt not be treated like the fleece of a sheep,

303 it shall be done according to thy wish.

304 The great ones of the land shall vie in doing honour

to thee.”

305 When this mandate reached me,

306 I was standing in the midst of my people.

307 When it was presented to me I laid myself on my belly.

308 I touched the soil.

309 I gave it to be read out before my chosen men,

310 yea, I caused my household to assemble

31 1 to fulfil these things, I being myself like one mad,

312 for the regions of ....,yea,

313 the good deliverer inclines his heart to deliver me . . .

314 Thy Majesty permits me to proceed in person home.

315 Copy of the answer to the mandate

316 which I made without (delay), saying,

317 “By most gracious favour,

318 concerning this flight of mine which I made

319 to him that knows it not.

1 Some goddess whose name is lost.2 Some wood.

STORY OF SANEHA. *45

320 Thy Majesty is the good god,

321 Lord of both lands, loving Ra,

322 paying homage to Mentu . . ..*

323 Lord of the scimitar in both lands,

324 Son of Horus-Ra, image of Athom 2

325 and his society of gods . . . d

326 the great Prince of Abydus,

327 the crown Ara 3 adorns thy head,

328 the Chief regents of the waters of the great sea

329 in the midst of the lands, the great Queen of Punt, 4

330 Netpe 5 the elder, Ra,

331 and all the gods of the land of Egypt,

332 and the islands of the great sea.

333 May they bring thee life and strength,

334 let them bring their presents,

335 granting their durations without bounds,

336 eternity without limits.

337 Let thy fear increase in the lands and regions.

338 Mayest thou chastise the waters 1

339 The message . . . .' from the King’s Majesty

340 unto me, it is a terror to say it,

34 r it is too great to be repeated.

342 The great god, the equal of the Sun god,

343 is mocking me. He himself grants me

344 to be near him to give counsel to him,

345 to be intrusted with his affairs.

346 Thy Majesty is like Horus,

347 the power of thy arm extends over all lands.

348 The mandate, moreover, which Thy Majesty

349 caused to be brought by another hand from Atima, 6

350 unto Anush, even unto Kashu, 7

1 Lacuna. 2 Or Turn, setting sun and demiurgos. S.B. 3 Uraeus.4 Arabia. 5 Or Nut, goddess of the ether. S.B.

6 According to M. Chabas, the land of Edom. S.B.7 Unknown sites. S.B.

VOL. VI. 11

351 to the Mennus 1in the lands . . d the princes of . . .

352 May it please Your Majesty,

353 let not Tennu be called to account before thee,

354 as it were thy dogs.

355 Behold this flight which I made,

356 it sought it not, it was not of my counsel,

357 it suggested it not to me, it distinguished not

358 between me and any other person.

359 It was like a dream as it appeared.

360 I journeyed from Abu 3. . . .

3 from the land Unnui,4

361 without fear, without any one coming after me.

362 I listened not to the counsels of sloth,

363 my name was not heard in the voice of doubt,

364 except for a little while, my limbs were rigid,

365 my feet stumbled 2 God provided me366 (a guide) in this flight, to lead me.

367 Behold, I am not as one afraid,

368 (I am as) one knowing the land.

369 The Sun god hath put thy fear throughout the land,

370 thy dread is in the region.

371 Before I was set as lord over this place,

372 behold thou hadst clothed this dwelling,

373 shining like the Sun.

374 Dost thou desire water from the river?

375 it furnishes drink;

376 dost thou desire rain from heaven?

377 it gives nourishment.

378 Thou speakest, and behold I bequeath my goods

379 to the children which I have begotten in this place.

380 When I have finished doing this,

381 let Thy Majesty do as it pleases thee.

382 I live from the breath which thou givest,

1 Supposed Shepherd race. S.B.3 Lacuna.

3 Elephantine. 4 Unknown sites on the Eastern frontiers. S.B.

383 loving the Sun Horus

384 the image of thy noble countenance,

385 loving what is agreeable to the lord of Thebes.

386 May he live for ever.”

387 I passed a day in Aam,

388 in distributing my goods to my children.

389 My eldest son was over my servants.

390 My servants, yea, all my goods,

391 were in his hand, my men and all my cattle,

392 my fruit-bearing trees, and all my woods of dates.

393 When I had finished.

394 I appointed over the regions a director,

395 who was over the workmen,

396 to send word home to give an account.

397 His Majesty sent his chief steward,

398 controller of the royal house.

399 There were loaded boats with him,

400 bearing royal presents of all sorts.

401 The Sakti came to (see) my setting off.

402 I chose out one of them all,

403 in the name of all the officers, for the office of . .

404 Upon my return to visit the town again

405 on the morrow morning,

406 they came shouting to me their farewells.

407 Their farewells came for a good journey,

408 to bring me to the palace.

409 When I reached the land

410 I was received by the King’s children,

41 1 standing on the walls to conduct me;

412 the counsellors guided me to the palace,

413 to bring me on the way to the court.

414 I found His Majesty in the Old Place,

415 in the pavilion of pure gold.

1 The name of the office is unfortunately lost.

416 When I was near him I fell on my belly,

417 amazed before him.

418 The god addressed me mildly,

419 I was as one brought out of the dark

420 my tongue was dumb, my limbs failed me,

42 1 my heart was no longer in my body,

422 to know whether I was alive or dead.

423 His Majesty said to one of the counsellors,

424 “ Lift him up, that I may speak to him.”

425 His Majesty said,

426 “Behold thou wentest beating the lands, as a run-away.

427 Age has come upon thee.

428 Old age has overtaken thee.

429 It is no small boast thou hast.

430 Not a Petti surpasses thee.

431 Be not silent and without words; famous is thy name.”

432 I was afraid to answer.

433 I answered in terror :

434 “ Behold,” I said, “ oh, my Lord,

435 how can I answer these things?

436 Behold, is not the hand of God upon me ?

437 It is terrible.

438 It remains within me as something causing (pain).

439 Behold I am before thee.

440 Thou art powerful. Let Thy Majesty

441 do as it pleases thee.”

442 When the King’s children had been admitted,

443 His Majesty said to the Queen,

444 “ Behold Saneha. He went as an Amu,'

445 he has been made into a Sakti.”

446 Then arose a very great shout

447 from the King’s children, with one voice.

448 They said to His Majesty,

1Asiatic.

449 “ He is not in the right,

450 oh ! my Lord the King !”

451 His Majesty said,“ He is in the right.”

452 Then he caused them to bring their treasures,

453 their chains of . . He converted them . . .

454 to the use of the King.

455 “ By the javelins of the Queen of Heaven . ..'

456 in whose nostrils is life, the Lord of the Stars is reconciled. .

457 from the mouth of Thy Majesty.

458 Thou hast been merciful

459 as the born Lord of the land.

460 Hail to thee, Lord of all.

461 Strong is thy house, overthrowing thy enemies.

462 Grant the breath which is in men,

463 grant to us that our affairs may prosper in this way.

464 A son of Mehi,’ a Petti,

465 born in the land of Egypt, fled in fear of thee.

466 He escaped from the land through dread of thee.

467 being ashamed to behold thy face.

468 Doth not the eye fear to look at thee?”

469 His Majesty said, “Let him not fear,

470 let him cease to be in dread.

471 He shall be a counsellor among the officers,

472 he shall be set among the chosen ones.

473 When ye go forth to the palace

474 precedence shall be given to him.

475 When he goes out of the palace

476 the King’s children shall attend him.

477 proceeding even unto the great gates.”

478 I was installed in the house of a Prince,

479 there were treasures in it, there was a fountain in it,

480 the dews of heaven watered it.

481 From the treasury (were sent) garments of kingly attire.

2 I.acuna. 2 The north.

! 5° RECORDS OF THE PAST.

482 spices of the finest, such as the King’s Nobles love

483 in every chamber. There were all sorts of liquors

484 for my limbs . . . .’ for my hair.

485 They were brought from the . . . .

486 country of clothes by the Nemma-sha.

487 I was clothed with fine linen.

488 I was anointed with the finest oil,

489 I lay down upon a couch, there was given to me490 oil of . . . .' wood to anoint myself with it.

491 There was given me a house of . ..' befitting a counsellor.

492 There were many labourers employed to build it,

493 all its timbers were new.

494 There was brought refreshment from the palace

495 three or four times a day,

496 besides what the King’s sons gave.

497 No sooner was it finished

498 than I built myself a tomb of stone

499 amongst the tombs of the chief officers.

500 His Majesty chose its site.

501 The chief painter designed it, the sculptors carved it,

502 the chief purveyor who was over the upper country,

503 brought earth to it

504 all the decorations were made of hewn stone.

505 When it was ready I was made

506 superior lord of the field in which it was,

507 near the town, as was done to the chief counsellor.

508 My image was engraved upon its portal,

509 of pure gold. His Majesty caused it to be done.

510 No other was made like unto it.

5 1 1 I was in favour of the King until the day of his death came.

512 It is finished (from) its beginning to its end

513 as it was found in the copy.

1 Lacuna.

THE TALE

THE GARDEN OF FLOWERS.

A STORY OF EGYPTIAN SOCIAL LIFE

IN THE XIXth DYNASTY.

TRANSLATED BY

M. FRANCOIS CHABAS.7

''pHIS singular and graphic story, which like many

other Egyptian MSS. is unfortunately only a frag-

ment, is contained in one of the hieratic papyri

belonging to the Museum at Turin. The original

was published by MM. Pleyte and de Rossi, in

Le Papyrus de Turin,

PI. 79, 80, 81, 82. It con-

sists of several separate fragments which have been

put in order by myself. My translation was first

read before the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-

Lettres at Paris, 17th April 1874, and published in

Les Comptes renduz, 4e. serie, Tom. II, p. 117. It is

substantially the same as that which is now presented

in an English version. As illustrating the character

of Egyptian social life, and as a parallel to the de-

! 5 2 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

scription of “ The woman that flattereth with her

lips ” in the Book of Proverbs, this episode, short as

it is, has a peculiar value.

Another tale of the same purport occurs among the

papyri collected for the Museum at Boulaq by His

Excellency Mariette-Bey, but it unfortunately is still

in a far worse condition than the Episode of the Garden

of Flowers. Of the original papyrus, which like the

former belongs to the time of the Ramses, nearly

cotemporary with the Exodus of the Jews, there

remain only seventeen fragments, which are so short

and imperfect that their sequence will always be a

puzzle. What can be decyphered relates to an

Egyptian who fell, like the hero of the tale of the

flower garden, in a love net, and was entrapped by

some Messenger of love. He followed the charmer

to a place where he perceived several youths

who were crowned with flowers and lying upon

couches. Mention occurs of garments taken away,

as in the story of Joseph. Colloquies abound and

generally run on the subject of sweet or bitter re-

collections of the past, oaths, bliss never to be realized

love-declarations and reproaches, intermingled with

narratives of robberies and bastinadoes. There

remains enough to awaken regret for the loss of a

document which when entire, contained the most

eventful romance yet found amongst the few remnants

already known. of the Egyptian literature.

THE TALE OF THE GARDEN OF FLOWERS.

1 She led me, hand in hand, and we went into her garden

to converse together.

2 There she made me taste (of) excellent honey.

3 The rushes (of the garden) were verdant and (all) its

bushes flourishing.

4 There were currant (trees) and cherries redder than

the ruby.1

5 The ripe peaches 2(of the garden) resembled bronze,

6 and the groves had the lustre of the stone nashei?>

7 The menni 4 unshelled like cocoa nuts they brought

to us,

8 its shade was fresh and airy, and soft for the repose of

g When she met me, the daughter of the Chief (high)

Superintendent of the orchards

ro had sent her as the messenger of love,

1 1 “ Come to me,” she called unto me,

1 2 “ and enjoy thyself a day in the room of a young girl whobelongs to me,

13 the garden is to-day in its glory 5

14 there is a terrace and a parlour” 6

[Here there is a lacuna of about one line. The messenger nowaddresses herself to the seductive Phryne who has sent her.]

r 5“ When noble men behold thee, they are joyful, and thy

sight ravishes them,

16 let them come to thy habitation,

1 Fruits termed kaiou and tipau, which probably had nothing- in

common with cherries and currants except their colour.2 The Persea fruit, a species of sacred almond.

3 Green felspar or (Amazon stone, Leps. Todt. c. 159).4 An unknown fruit.

5 Literally, “in its day glory.” 6 In the French text rendered boudoir.

*54 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

17 and bring their precious jewels with them,

18 that they may be intoxicated by thy embraces, without

having been drunk.

1 9 Hear me, they come with their riches,

20 and they bring the liquor hak 1

2 1 for all thy young maidens, (they bring)

22 all kinds of bread for repast,

23 cakes of yesterday, and fresh of to-day,

24 and all the delicious fruits for parties of pleasure.

25 Come, and make this a happy day.”

26 From the first to the third day she was 'seated in the

27 her Khenmh 3 was at her right hand, and her servant 3

28 carried out all her orders.

29 A cask of beer was placed upside down

30 that she might drink thereof at her pleasure, and her

brother 4 also.

31 Her servant was a sister in her rendezvous,

32 .....[Here ends the second page, the commencement of the third

is wanting as is also the first words of all the remaining lines;

from them we gather that the young lover, who is described as a

prince, entered into the enjoyment of the voluptuous pleasures

prepared for him by the lady, the messenger 5 then comesto him to profit by his liberality while his good humour remains,

and urges him to—

33“ Bestow on her (the lady) a necklace of lapis lazuli, or

of lilies6 and tulips,

1 A kind of beer imported from Syria.3 The khenmh or Master, was the so called Lena ; possibly the same as

the “keeper” in Canticles.3 A favourite maiden.

4 The word brother seems here to be used in the same sense, as the

term frater sometimes is in Latin poetry.

5 L’entremetteuse, in the French translation.

6 Probably a collar of gold lotus blossoms inlaid with precious stones

or enamelled en cloisonne.

TALE OF THE GARDEN OF FLOWERS. 155

34 give enough for all her maidens,

35 and let this be a day of joyfulness.”

[The Prince now speaks.]

36 “ I came forth from the shady bower, from the secret

place,

37 and the maidens perceived me and said,

38 ‘ Behold him, he is really going away,

39 come let us caress him, and make him fulfil his day;

40 let us use all our arts to retain him.’

41 She had in her mouth a sycomore fruit.

42 Her gardener came and said unto her,

43 ‘Attention, (listen) it is the brother of the Queen

44 thou art then comparable to this august lady.3

45 If there is no servant, I myself will be the waiter,

46 who will serve thee when those whom thy love captivates,

(upon this)

47 she suffered him to place her in her pavillion in the

grove,

48 She offered me no coarse (common) beverage to drink.

49 I did not fill my stomach with river water.

50 We amused ourselves by jesting and saying : ‘All drinking

is forbidden here’ 3

51 By my life my well beloved one, bring me close to thee.

52 The sycomore fig

[Here ends the lower part of page three. From the fragmentsthat remain the following sentences may be restored.]

53 Give me the sycomore fig that thy lips have tasted

54 and let me eat of it.

55 I do not kiss with my lips only.”s

1 Gen. xxix. 37.’ The gardener addresses the Prince ; this frequent and interrupting

change of person is common in Egyptian composition.3 Ironically as if it were a sacred place, wine being forbidden to be

drunk in the temples, see Herod. Euterpe, 63, Plutarch, de Isid, 6, andGoodwin Hierati Writing, 1S58.

4 Lacuna.5 The original is too anomalous for translation even in a Latin dress.

! 5 6 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

56 • ’ • •

57 such were my pleasures in the Pavillion of the grove.

58 There I rested all the while;

59 she was with me as a sister with her brother.

60 Then came there other lovers (to her bower),

61 they were intoxicated with micstum

62 they made themselves drunk with palm wine,

63 and the perfumed drink of Kemi?

64 All desire to depart forsook me,

65 and I stayed in that garden twelve months.

66 (Then I perceived at last that they deceived me.)

67 Then I threw away the tulip,

68 the one that I had placed the evening before in mychamber. 3

69 (I reproached myself.)

70 I who am a great military Chief! 4

71 They look upon me as an inferior Captain.

72 if they recommence this (rude) behaviour

73 I will not be silent to them about it4

74 (At the next interview)

75 The crime is discovered (and)

76 I undergo the punishment of thy love

77 That Tum 5 ” 4

[These are the last words of the text which are now visible. Theprince seems to charge (some deity) to avenge him. The Tale

implies a longer termination which may be however considered

as irretrievably lost.]

1In French mout.

2 A composite liquor like Metheglin.

3 The tulip was probably more particularly mentioned in that portion

of the story which is missing, it may have been a love token.

4 Lacunae.

5 Tum, or Atum, the god of the setting sun, perhaps the deity whoshould avenge the Prince on the courtesans.

LISTS OF FURTHER TEXTS FOR TRANSLATION.

ASSYRIAN.ARRANGED BY

GEORGE SMITH.

Works oil History and Chronology.

Eponym Canon (Cun. Ins., Vol. Ill, p. x).

Historical Canon (Cun. Ins., Vol. II, p. 52).

Synchronous History (Cun. Ins., Vol. II., p. 65).

Historical.

Legends of Izdubar (texts unpublished). (Deluge Tablets.)

Inscriptions of Urukh king of Babylonia (Cun. Ins., Vol. I,

p. 1).

Inscriptions of Dungi son of Urukh (Cun. Ins., Vol. I, p. 2).

Early Babylonian Dated Tablets (texts unpublished).

Brick of Samsi-vul I, ruler of Assyria (Cun. Ins., Vol. 1, p. 6).

Inscription of Agu and other early kings.

Inscriptions of Burna-buriyas king of Babylon (Cun. Ins.,

Vol. I, p. 4, etc.).

Inscriptions of Kuri-galzu king of Babylon (Cun. Ins.,

Vol. I, p. 4, etc.).

Inscriptions of Pudil king of Assyria (Revue Ar., Nov., 1869).

Monolith of Maruduk-bal-idina I, king of Babylonia (text

unpublished).

Tablet of Vul-nirari I, king of Assyria (text unpublished).

Small Inscriptions of Vul-nirari (various).

Inscriptions of Shalmaneser I, king of Assyria (vai'ious).

RECORDS OF THE PAST.158

Inscriptions of Tugulti-ninip, king of Assyria (various un-

published; one Cun. Ins., Vol. Ill, p. 4).

Inscriptions of Assur-risilim, king of Assyria (Cun. Ins.,

Vol. Ill, p. 3).

Brick and Cone Inscriptions of Vul-bal-idina, king of Babylon

(various).

Inscriptions of Nebuchadnezzar I, king of Babylonia (un-

published).

Cylinder of Tiglath-Pileser I, king of Assyria (Cun. Ins.,

Vol. I, pp. 9-16).

Other fragments of Tiglath-Pileser (various).

Contracts dated in the reign of Maruduk-nadin-ahi, king of

Babylon (various).

Inscriptions of Assur-bel-kala, king of Assyria (Cun. Ins.,

Vol. I, p. 6).

Inscriptions of Samsivul IV, king of Assyria (Cun. Ins.,

Vol. Ill, p. 3).

Contract dated in the reign of Simma-sihu king of Babylon

(Layard’s Ins., p. 53).

Inscriptions of Assur-nazir-pal (various).

Bull Inscription of Shalmaneser II (Layard’s Ins., p. 12, etc.).

Inscriptions of Vul-nirari III, king of Assyria (Cun. Ins.,

Vol. I. p. 35).

Fragments of Annals of Tiglath-Pileser II, king of Assyria

(various).

Fragments of Inscriptions Shalmaneser IV, king of Assyria

(various).

Inscription of the Second Year of Sargon (unpublished).

Nimrud Inscription of Sargon (Layard’s Ins., p. 33).

Cylinder (Barrel) of Sargon (Cun. Ins., Vol. I, p. 36).

Prism of Sargon (unpublished).

Fasti of Sargon (Botta).

Annals of Sargon (Botta).

Other Inscriptions of Sargon (various).

LISTS OF FURTHER TEXTS. x 59

Tablet of Kalah Shergat.

Nebbi Yunas Tablet (Cun. Ins., Vol. I, pp. 43, 44).

Bull Inscriptions of Sennacherib (Cun. Ins., Vol. Ill, pp. 12

and 13).

Other Inscriptions of Sennacherib (various).

Cylinder of Esarhaddon king of Assyria (Cun. Ins., Vol. I,

PP- 45-47 )-

Various other Inscriptions of Esarhaddon (Cun. Ins.,

Vol. I, etc.).

Egyptian Campaign of Esarhaddon (S. 2027).

Portions of Cylinders B, C, D, and E, of Assurbanipal

(Smith’s Assurbanipal).

Various Historical Tablets of Assurbanipal (Smith’s Assur-

banipal).

Hunting Texts of Assurbanipal (Cun. Ins., Vol. I, p. 7).

Inscriptions of Assur-ebel-ili king of Assyria (Cun. Ins., Vols.

I and III).

Cylinder of Bel-zakir-iskun king of Assyria (Cun. Ins. Vol. I,

p. 8).

Inscription of Nabopalassarkingof Babylonia (unpublished).

Senkereh Cylinder of Nebuchadnezzar (Cun. Ins., Vol. I,

P- 5 i)-

Borsippa Cylinder of Nebuchadnezzar (Cun. Ins., Vol. I,

P- 5 i)-

Various other texts of Nebuchadnezzar.

Tablet dated in the reign of Evil Merodach, king of Babylon.

Cylinder of Nergal-shar-ezer king of Babylon (Cun. Ins.,

Vol. I, p. 67).

Cylinders of Nabonidas king of Babylon (Cun. Ins., Vol. I,

pp. 68, 69).

Other texts of Nabonidas (various).

Brick of Cyrus, king of Babylon (Trans. Soc. Bib. Ar., Vol. II,

pt. I).

Inscription on Tomb of Cyrus.

i6o RECORDS OF THE PAST.

Dated Tablets in reign of Cambyses (various).

Inscriptions of Darius.

Inscriptions of Xerxes, king of Persia.

Inscriptions of Artaxerxes, king of Persia.

Later Inscriptions of Persian, Greek, and Parthian periods.

Mythology and Religion (mostly unpublished ).

The Lubara Legends.

History of the Evil Spirits.

Hymn to the Moon God.

Hymns to Ninip.

The War of the Gods.

Names and Titles of Ishtar.

Incantations for removing Curses.

Prayers of Amil-urgal.

Prayer against Eclipses.

Various other Prayers.

Various Mythological Stories and Invocations.

Tablets against Witchcraft.

Fable (unpublished ).

The Horse and the Ox.

Government (mostly unpublished).

Tablet with Advice and Cautions to Kings.

Various Reports and Despatches.

Various Tablets with Laws and Reports of Law Cases.

Private Life.

Further Deeds of Sale and Barter.

Further Loan Tablets.

Private Letters.

Lists of Property.

Science, etc. (partly unpublished).

Geographical Lists.

Lists of Animals and Birds (Delitzsch).

LISTS OF FURTHER TEXTS. 161

Lists of Minerals and their uses.

Lists of Wooden Objects.

Grammatical Tablets (a selection from).

Mathematical Tablets.

Astrology and Astronomy.

Further Selections from the great Chaldean Work on As-

trology.

Further Selections from Astronomical and Astrological

Reports.

A Selection of Omens from Terrestrial Objects and Events.1

PHOENICIAN.Sarcophagus of Ashmunazer (Due de Luynes, Memoire

1856).

Marseilles Inscription (Judas, 1857).

The Moabite Stone (Ginsburg, 1871).

Selected Mortuary Inscriptions.

KYPRIOTE.The Tablet of Dali.

Selected Kypriote Inscriptions.

1 Selections of these only printed in Vol. I.

VOL. VI. 12

EGYPTIAN.( Tentative List only.)

ARRANGED BY

P. LE PAGE RENOUF, F.R.S.L.

Historical Documents.

Ancient Empire :

Inscription of Cheops (Boulaq).

Inscription of Tomb of Ameni (Benihassan I).

„ Tomb of Nahre-si Chnum-hotep (Beni-

hassan II).

Xlth Dynasty :

Sepulchral Inscription of Ameni (Birch).

XVIIIth Dynasty

Inscription of Aahmes son of Abna(Denk. Ill, pi. 12).

„ Aahmes, formerly called Pensouvan

(Louvre C, 49).

„ Thothmes I, at Kamak (Denk. Ill, 18).

,, Hat-a-su (Duemichen, Hist. Ins., 19, 20).

Other Monuments of Thothmes III (Birch and DeRouge).

Inscription of Amen-em-heb at Abd-el-Gurnah (Ebers).

Inscription of Haremhebi.

Inscriptions of Amenophis III (Denk. Ill, 65 and

following).

Monuments of the Disk Worshippers.

XIXth Dynasty

Triumphal Inscription of Seti I at Kamak (Denk. Ill,

Inscription of Seti I, at Radesieh.

Sarcophagus of Seti I (Bonomi).

LISTS OF FURTHER TEXTS. 1 63

Dedicatory Inscription of Rameses II, at Abydos

(Maspero).

Triumphal Inscriptions (Denk. Ill, 165, etc.).

Historical Inscription at Abusimbel (187).

Great Tablet at Abusimbel (194).

Inscription of Bek-en-chonsu (Deveria).

List of Kings

Turin Papyrus.

Tablet of Abydos.

Tablet of Sakkarah.

XXth Dynasty

Inscription of Seti II (Duemichen, Hist. Ins., 1-5).

,, Rameses III (Rosellini, Burton, Greene,

and Duemichen, ubi supra 13 to 15).

The Great Harris Papyrus of Rameses II. : remaining

two sections.

XXIst Dynasty :

Tablet 4th year of Rameses IV.

Tablet of Temple of Chonsu at Karnak.

Ethiopic period

Inscription ofQueen Madsenenl

Inscription ofKing Nastosenen >Mariette’s Monuments.

“Stele de l’inthronisation.” JPersian and Ptolemaic :

Inscription of Darius (El Khargeh).

Tablet of Aahmes (Pierret).

Statuette Naophore du Vatican.

Tablet of Tafnecht at Naples.

Inscription of Ptolemy son of Lagos.

Inscription of Alexander Aegos (Zeitschrift).

Tablet of Canopus.“ Bauurkunde der Tempelanlagen von Edfu” (Due-

michen).

Two Ptolemaic Tablets (Birch).

Selection of Obelisk Inscriptions.

„ Apis Tablets.

Religions or Magical Texts.

Ancient Forms of Sepulchral Offerings, etc. (Tablets of

Ancient Empire).

The Ritual of the Dead.

Spells in Lepsius (“ Aelteste Texte”).

Harris Magical Papyrus.

Magical Papyrus (Louvre).

“ Horus on Crocodiles” (various texts, Leyden and elsewhere).

Spells in Tomb of Bek-en-ren-ef.“ Metternich Tablet.”

Legend of Horus (Naville).

The Rhind Papyri.

Sarcophagus of Aroeri (Bonomi).

,,Necht-en-heb.

„ T’at-hra (Louvre).

„ British Museum, 32.

Litanies of the Sun (Denk. Ill, 203).

Apis Stelse (a very large number).

Selection of Hymns, such as the following :

To Ammon (Denk. Ill, 237).

Other Hymns to Ammon (Goodwin).

Ap-heru-mes (Berlin, in Brugsch Monumens, pi. III).

Meri( „ „ „ pi. IV).

Fragments of the Hymns of the Disk Worshippers.

Several in British Museum.

„ Duemichen’s publications.

Great Psalm to Ammon (Leyden I, 350).

Calendar of Lucky and Unlucky days (Sallier, Chabas).

Calendars of Festivals from as Early Date as possible to

Roman Period.

LISTS OF FURTHER TEXTS. i6 5

Literature,Philosophy

,Science, Economy.

Proverbs, Prisse Papyrus (Chabas).

Moral Precepts (Louvre).

“ Rules of Life” (Papyrus at Boulaq, lately published by

Mariette).

Song of the Oxen (Denk. Ill, io).

Three Amatory Songs (Goodwin).

Medical Papyrus (Berlin).

,, „ (British Museum).

„ „ (Ebers Papyrus).

Geometrical Papyrus (British Museum).

Calendar of Astronomical Observations in Tombs of XXthDynasty (Renouf).

Letters on all varieties of subjects in the Sallier, Anastasi,

Leyden, and Bologna Papyri.

Registers, etc., (Rollin and other Papyri).

Accounts (Louvre).

Receipts for making Kyphi, etc.

Catalogues of the Temple Library at Edfu. •

Law and Police.

Abbott Papyrus (Spoliation of Tombs).

“Pap. Judiciaire de Turin” (Deveria).

“Pap. Judiciaire Amhurst” (Chabas).

Report on Capture of Fugitive Slaves (Leyden I, 368,

Chabas).

Complaint against Paneba (British Museum Papyrus, Salt,

Chabas).

Petition to king Amenophis (Chabas).

Complaint against Thefts committed by certain Workmen(Chabas).

LIST OF ARTICLES

Which have appeared in Records of the Past”

up to this date, Feb. j, 1876.

EGYPTIAN TEXTS.

Inscription of Una.

Annals of Thothmes III.

Statistical Tablet.

Tablet of Thothmes III.

Battle of Megiddo.

Inscription of Amen-em-heb.

Inscription of Anebni.

Inscription of Aahmes.

Obelisk of the Lateran.

Tablet of 400 Years.

Invasion of Egypt by the Greeks in the reign of

Meneptah.

Dirge of Menephtah I.

The Possessed Princess.

Rosetta Stone.

Sepulchral Inscription of Ameni.

Annals of Rameses III.

The Conquests in Asia.

Egyptian Magical Text.

By S. BIRCH, LL.D.

LIST OF TRANSLATIONS. 167

The Great Harris Papyrus. Part I.

Messrs. Eisenlohr and Birch.

Hymn to Amen-Ra.

Tale of the Doomed Prince.

Treaty of Peace Between Rameses II. and the Hittites.

Neapolitan Stble.

Festal Dirge of the Egyptians.

Letter of Panbesa.

Hymns to Amen.

The Story of Saneha.

By C. W. Goodwin, M.A.

Instructions of Amenemhat I.

Ethiopian Annals.

Stele of the Dream.

Sthle of the Excommunication.

Stble of the Coronation.

Sthle of King Horsiatef.

By G. Maspero.

War of Rameses II with the Khita.

By Prof. E. L. Lushington.

Inscription of Pianchi Mer-Amon.

Hymn to the Nile.

By Rev. F. C. Cook, M.A.

Tablet of Nefer-Hotep.

The Tablet of Ahmes.

Inscription of Queen Madsenen.

The Inscription of the Governor Nes-hor.

By Paul Pierret.

Travels of an Egyptian.

Obelisk of Rameses II.

Hymn to Osiris.

The Tale of the Garden of Flowers.

By Franjois Chabas.

Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys.

The Book of the Respirations.

By P. J. de Horrack.

Tale of the Two Brothers.

Tale of Setnau.

Inscription of Aahmes son of Abana.

By P. le Page Renouf.

The Destruction of Mankind.

By Edouard Naville.

The Song of the Harper.

By Ludwig Stern.

Egyptian Calendar.

Table of Dynasties.

Measures and Weights.

ASSYRIAN TEXTS.

Inscription of Rimmon-Nirari.

Monolith Inscription of Samas-Rimmon.

Babylonian Exorcisms.

Private Will of Sennacherib.

LIST OF TRANSLATIONS. 169

Assyrian Private Contract Tablets.

Assyrian Astronomical Tablets.

Assyrian Calendar.

Tables of Assyrian Weights and Measures.

Synchronous History of Assyria and Babylonia.

Tablet of Ancient Accadian Laws.

Kurkh Inscription of Shalmaneser.

Table of Assyrian Laws.

Accadian Liturgy.

Babylonian Charms.

Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser II.

Accadian Hymn to Istar.

Tables of Omens.

By Rev. A. H. Sayce, M.A.

Inscription of Khammurabi.

Bellino’s Cylinder of Sennacherib.

Taylor’s Cylinder of Sennacherib.

Legend of the Descent of Ishtar.

Inscription of Esarhaddon.

Second Inscription of Esarhaddon.

Sacred Assyrian Poetry.

Sargina I. Infancy text.

Inscription of Nabonidus.

Darius Inscription Nakshi-Rustam.

War of Seven Evil Spirits.

By H. Fox Talbot, F.R.S.

Annals of Assurbanipal.

Early History of Babylonia. Part I.

„ „ Part II.

By George Smith.

Behistun Inscription of Darius.

Inscription of Tiglath Pileser I.

By Sir H. Rawlinson, K.C.B., D.C.L.

Annals of Assur-nasir-pal.

Inscription of Nebuchadnezzar.

Inscription of Tiglath Pileser II.

Inscription of Neriglissar.

By Rev. J. M. Rodwell.

RECORDS OF THE PAST.VOL. I.

ASSYRIAN TEXTS.

CONTENTS:INSCRIPTION OF R I M M O N - N I R A R I

By REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

INSCRIPTION OF KHAMMURABI.By H. FOX TALBOT, F.R.S.

MONOLITH INSCRIPTION OF S A M A S-R I M M O N.By REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

BELLINO’S CYLINDER OF SENNACHERIB.By H. FOX TALBOT, F.R.S.

TAYLOR’S CYLINDER OF SENNACHERIB.By H. FOX TALBOT, F.R.S.

ANNALS OF ASSURBANIPAL (CYLINDER A).

By GEORGE SMITH.

BEHISTUN INSCRIPTION OF DARIUS.By SIR H. RAWLINSON, K.C.B., D.C.L.

BABYLONIAN EXORCISMS.By REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

PRIVATE WILL OF SENNACHERIB.By REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

ASSYRIAN PRIVATE CONTRACT TABLETS.By REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

LEGEND OF THE DESCENT O ' ISHTAR.By H. FOX TALBOT, F.R.S.

ASSYRIAN ASTRONOMICAL TABLETS.By REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

ASSYRIAN CALENDAR.By REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

TABLES OF ASSYRIAN WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.By REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

LISTS OF FURTHER TEXTS, ASSYRIAN ANDEGYPTIAN.

Selected by GEORGE SMITH, and P. LE PAGE RENOUF.

RECORDS OF THE PAST.VOL. II.

EGYPTIAN TEXTS.

CONTENTS

INSCRIPTION OF UNA.By S. BIRCH, LL.D.

INSTRUCTIONS OF AMENEMHAT I.

By G. MASPERO.

ANNALS OF THOTHMES III.

Statistical Tablet. Tablet of Thothmes III. Battle of Megiddo.Inscription of Amen-em-heb.

By S. BIRCH, LL.D.

THE WARS OF RAMESES II WITH THE KHITA.By PROF. E. L. LUSHINGTON.

INSCRIPTION OF PIANCHI MER-AMON.By REV. F. C. COOK, M.A., Canon of Exeter.

TABLET OF NEWER-HOTEP.By PAUL PIERRET.

TRAVELS OF AN EGYPTIAN.By FRANCOIS CHABAS.

THE LAMENTATIONS OF ISIS AND NEPHTHYS.By P. J. DE HORRACK.

HYMN TO AMEN-RA.By C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.

THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS.By P. LE PAGE RENOUF.

THE TALE OF THE DOOMED PRINCE.By C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.

EGYPTIAN CALENDAR. TABLE OF DYNASTIES.

EGYPTIAN MEASURES AND WEIGHTS.

LISTS OF FURTHER TEXTS, ASSYRIAN ANDEGYPTIAN.

Selected by GEORGE SMITH and P. LE PAGE RENOUF.

RECORDS OF THE PASTVOL. III.

ASSYRIAN TEXTS.

CONTENTS:EARLY HISTORY OF BABYLONIA.

BY GEORGE SMITH.

TABLET OF ANCIENT ACC A D I A N LAWS.

SYNCHRONOUS HISTORY OF ASSYRIA ANDBABYLONIA.

BY REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

ANNALS OF A S S U R-N A S I R- P A L

BY REV. J. M. RODWELL, M.A.

KURKH INSCRIPTION OF SHALMANESER.BY REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

INSCRIPTION OF ESARHADDON.SECOND INSCRIPTION OF ESARHADDON.

BY H. F. TALBOT, F.R.S.

AN ACCADIAN LITURGY.BY REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

SACRED ASSYRIAN POETRY.BY H. F. TALBOT, F.R.S.

BABYLONIAN CHARMS.BY REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

LIST OF FURTHER TEXTS.

RECORDS OF THE PAST.VOL. IV.

EGYPTIAN TEXTS.

CONTENTS:HISTORICAL TEXTS:—

ANNALS OF THOTHMES III.:—Inscription of Anebni. Inscription of Aahmes. Obelisk of the

Lateran.BY S. BIRCH, LL.D.

OBELISK OF RAMESES II.

BY FRANCOIS CHABAS.

TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN RAMESES II. ANDTHE HITTITES.

BY C. W. GOODWIN. M. A.

TABLET OF 400 YEARS.INVASION OF EGYPT BY THE GREEKS IN

THE REIGN OF MENEPHTAH.DIRGE OF MENEPHTAH. POSSESSED PRINCESS.

BY S. BIRCH, LL.D.

TABLET OF AHMES.BY PAUL PIERRET.

NEAPOLITAN STELE.BY C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.

ROSETTA STONE.BY S. BIRCH, LL.D.

ETHIOPIAN ANNALS:—STELE OF THE DREAM.

BY G. MASPERO.

INSCRIPTION OF QUEEN MADSENEN.BY PAUL~PIERRET.

STELE OF THE EXCOMMUNICATION.BY G. MASPERO.

MYTHOLOGICAL AND ROMANTIC TEXTS:—HYMN TO OSIRIS.BY FRANCOIS CHABAS.

HYMN TO THE NILE.BY REV. F. C. COOK.

FESTAL DIRGE OF THE EGYPTIANSBY C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.

BOOK OF RESPIRATIONS.BY P. J. DF. HORRACK.

TALE OF SETNAU.BY P. LE PAGE RENOUF.

VOL. V.

ASSYRIAN TEXTS.

HISTORICAL TEXTS:LEGEND OF THE INFANCY OF SARGINA I.

BY H. F. TALBOT, F.R.S.

INSCRIPTION OF T I G L AT H - P I L E S E R I.

BY SIR HENRY RAWLINSON, K.C.B., D.C.L., ETC.

BLACK OBELISK INSCRIPTION OF SHALMANESER II.

BY REV. A. H. SAYCE, M. A.

INSCRIPTION OF TIGLATH-PILESER II.

BY REV. J. M. RODWELL, M.A.

EARLY HISTORY OF BABYLONIA, PART II.

BY GEORGE SMITH.

INSCRIPTION OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR.BY REV. J. M. RODWELL, M.A.

INSCRIPTION OF NERIGLISSAR.BY REV. J. M. RODWELL, M.A.

INSCRIPTION OF NABONIDUS.BY H. F. TALBOT, F.R.S.

INSCRIPTION OF DARIUS AT N AKS H I-RUSTAM.BY H. F. TALBOT, F.R.S.

MYTHICAL TEXTS:ACCADIAN HYMN TO ISTAR.

BY REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

WAR OF THE SEVEN EVIL SPIRITS AGAINST HEAVEN.BY H. F. TALBOT, F.R.S.

TABLES OF OMENS.BY REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

ASSYRIAN AND EGYPTIAN CLASSES.

SECOND SESSION.

These Classes recommenced under the sanction of the

Society of Biblical Archaeology on 7th February, 1876.

The Egyptian Class is held on the Saturdays in

February, March, and April, at Eight p.m. and it is

conducted by Dr. Birch, and Mr. P. Le Page Renouf.

The Assyrian Class is held on the Monday after-

noons during the same months at Five p.m. and it is

conducted by the Rev. A. H. Sayce.

The Admission to these Classes is free, by tickets, to be

obtained on application to the Secretary, Mr. W. R. Cooper,

9, Conduit Street, W.

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