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ISSN 0202-2400
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1. Faber]. S. Map of the north-western part oflngria between Narva and Koporie [1666?] // Bagrow L., Kohlin H. Maps of the Neva river and adjacent areas in Swedish archives. Malmo, 1953.
2. Baccattoep II. Denna Land Carta ofwer nagra Pogoster [1699] // Arnac oO)J;HCKO. CToKrOJibM, 1841.
3. KupuJZ08 H.K. KapTa 11HrepMaHJiaH)J;HH. cn6., 1727 UeJib craTbH 3aKJIIO'IaeTCR B TOM, 'IT06b1 Ha MaTepnane 3THX KapT
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6JIH3HTeJibHO 1666 r (Faber 1666). 3Ta KapTa, KaK H HeKOTOpbie ,n:pyrne
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1 Riksarkivet, Stockholm. Kammararkivet, Kartor o. ritningar nr. 175 b. bl. I. (m. form) .
2 ITepeso;i; asTopa CTaThH.
274
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JiaH,D;Hefl: no CBOeMy ycMOTpeHHIO, T. e. MOfJIH, ITOMHMO Bcero npoqero,
pas,D;aBaTb 3eMJIH BO BJia,D;eHHe H co6CTBeHHOCTb lllBe,D;CKHM, HeMeU:KHM
11 pyccKHM ,D;Bop11HaM. TaK, HanpHMep, B 1620 r tteKTO EorycnaB PoseH,
HeMeU:KHH Kyneu: H ,ll;BOp11HHH, nonyqHJI B apeH,D;Y Ha 4 ro,D;a 51MCKOH,
KonopcKHH 11 11BaHropo,D;CKHH yes,D;bI. Hepe,D;KO MO)f(HO 6hrno BCTpe
THTb Ha KapTaX ye3,D;OB H norocTOB nepeqHJ{ cpeO,D;aJibHbIX 3eMJieBJia-
276
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
.n;eJibQeB. AttaJIHsHpyeMaH HaMH Kaprn YI. C. <l>a6epa no.n;TBep)Kp;aeT 3TOT
TesHc. B 3THX nepe'IHHX HMeH (KaK pas TaKOH nepe'leHb Mb! BH,D;HM B
IlOBeCTBOBaTeJibHOM TeKCTe aHaJIJf3HpyeMOH KapTbl, KOTOpb!H npe.n;
CTaBJieH B Ta6JIHQe 1) IlO,D;aBJimorn;ee 60JibllIHHCTBO HMeH IIIBe,D;CKHe H
HeMeQKHe. 3To TaKHe IIIBe,D;CKHe JfMeHa, KaK 6apoH JleBeHIIIeJib,D;, rpa
cpbl 0KceHIIIepHa (!), reHepan fecpne, noJIKOBHHK TpeJIJIHHr, Onocp
fa.n;.n;, fycraB Coon, XpHcrepH fopH, }J;anb6epr, lliepHcrpoJib, l<JIHHrc
nop, Ile.n;ep JiapcceH H .n;p. Cpe.n;H HeMeQKHX HMeH 6bIJIH TaKHe HMeHa,
KaK BpattreJib, THseHrayseH, IlHCTOJibKopc, Tay6e, IlaneH, KHoppHHr,
A.n;epKac, PoseH H .n;p. Ila HMemlM BJiap;eJibQeB BH,D;HO, 'ITO B 20-50-e
ro.n;bI XVIII B. seMJIH 11HrepMattJiaHp;HH pas.n;aBaJIHCb npaBHTeJibCTBOM
,ll;BOpHHaM - IIIBep;aM H npH6aJITHHCKHM HeMQaM, CJIY)KHBIIIHM B
IIIBe,D;CKOM BOHCKe H a.n;MHHHCTpaTHBHOM annapaTe B Ca.MOH llIBeQHH,
IlpH6aJITHKe H 11ttrepMattJiatt.n;HH (EecnaTbIX, IUacKOJibCKHH 1989). IlepeH:p;eM Tenepb K OilHCaHHIO
OHKOHHMOB Ha KapTe ft c. <l>a6epa. Ta6Jlitl1a 2 1666ro.a; 2002ro.a; PaccMoTpHM Ta6JIHQY 2. Cpasy oro
BOpHM, 'ITO Mbl 6y.n;eM onepHpOBaTb
,D;BYMH TepMHHaMH: TepMHHOM «OH
KOHHM» npHMeHHTeJibHO K HCCJie
.n;yeMbIM KapTaM H TepMHHOM «.n;e
peBHH» npHMeHHTeJibHO K HCTOpHH H
3THorpacpHH ,ll;aHHOH TeppHTOpHH.
HanpHMep, Kor.n;a MbI roBopHM «OH
KOHHM Komllbl», HMeeTCH B BH,D;Y
nyttKT Kom11bl Ha KapTe. A Kor.n;a MbI
roBopHM «.n;epeBHH KoTJibI», Mb!
no.n;pasYMeBaeM .n;epeBHIO c 6apcKOH
ycap;b60H H ,D;BopaMH, KOTopaa HMeeT
HHTepecHyro HCTOpHIO H 3THorpa
cpHIO. 0HKOHHMbl Mb! 6y.n;eM BbI,D;e
JIHTb KypCHBOM.
CpaBHHM B rn6JIJ.f'IHOH cpopMe
OHKOHHMbl Ha KapTe YI. c. <l>a6epa c
COBpeMeHHbIMH OHKOHHMaMH, B3H
Tb!MH H3 aTJiaca 2002 r «BOJIOCOB
CKHH, KHHrHcenncKHH, JloMoHocoB
cKHH H CJiaHQeBCKHH paHOHbI JieHHttrpa.n;cKOH o6JiaCTH» B MaCIIITa6e
Kattila Hoff Pamalitza
Ranula Rudiala Gozoi Mens Rudiala
Wairsola Undua
Ras ii
Wirtina Korsut
MattikUlla Sawaka Osero
Wilkin a Wellikulla Udissala Tiditz Letka Pillo la
Munkoa
Kornb1 TI_y_MaJIH~bl
PaHHOllOBO
DOil. l:lMHllOBO MaJI. IQ'._MHJIOBO
Bo:HttocolloBo YHAOBO
MaJI. Paccm1 DOil. Paccm1
Bc:£..AHJI KoJ>B"'.f>_HHo
MaTTHJI CaBHKHHO
Da6HHO BellHKHHO BellbKOTa
Y.a;ocolloBo TIOTH~bl
JlHllKOBH~bl
TIHllllOBO Ce:f!qac HeT
3TOH Ac:£..eBHH
277
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
1:50000 (Aanee OHKOHHMbl, CHHMaeMbie e KapT, Mbl 6yAeM epaBHJfBaTb e
3THM arnaeoM) (Arnae 2002). KaK MhI BHAHM, Ha KapTe JIL C. <l>a6epa rrpeACTaBJieHhI He Bee o:K
KOHHMhI, KOTOpbie Hae HHTepeeyroT; HeKOTOpbie H3 HHX OTeyrcrByroT:
MamoBKa, KopoBaeBo, HapJCOOBo, PJCmme11b, Kpynutto, HennoBo. TiepBbie '!eTb1pe oHKOHHMa H OHKOHHM HennoBo yrroMHHaIOTeH
eru;e B HoBropOAeKHX IIHeQOBbIX KHHrax 1500 r (HTIK 1868). ,[(epeBHH
KpyrrHHO KaK HeMeQKaH eJIOOOAa IIOHBHJiaeb rrpH6JIH3HTeJihHO B KOHQe
XVIII B., KOrAa EKaTepHHa II rrepeeeJIHJia Ha TeppHTOpHIO CaHKT
TieTep6ypreKOH ry6epHHH 3Ha'rnTeJibHOe KOJIH'!eeTBO HeMQeB H3 Tio
MepaHHH H IlcpaJibQa. 0HKOHHM Kpynutto cpHKCHpyeTeH }')Ke Ha Torro
rpacpH'!eeKoH KapTe <l>.<l>.IIIy6epTa 1834 r. (IIIy6epT 1834). TaKHe Ae
peBHH, KaK Kpynutto, B03HHKJIH BO BTopo:K rronoBHHe XVIII B. B 6oJib
IIIOM KOJIH'leeTBe Ha TeppHTOpHH l1HrepMaH1IaHAHH.
BMecro AepeBHH MfKKOBO (Ha KapTe YLC.<Da6epa - OHKOHHM
Munkoa) eeH'lae ypo'IHru;e, ApyrHMH eJIOBaMH, - rrycroIIIh. 3Ta AepeB
HH 6brna em101<eHa HeMQaMH BO BpeMH BeJIHKOH OTe'!eeTBeHHOH BOH-
Hbl.
O:KKOHHM Rasil 3acpHKCHpoBaH :VI. C. <Da6epoM KaK OAHH, 6e3 AeJie
HIDI Ha Manyro H BoJibIIIyro PaeeHH. 3To pasAeJieHHe rrpoH30IIIJIO, rro
BHAHMoMy, B KOHQe XVII B., 'ITO MO)f(HO BHAeTb Ha 6onee II03AHHX
IIIBeAeKHX KapTax 1680-1690-x fOAOB.
tfro KaeaeTCH AepeBHH Ba6HHO (Ha KapTe :YI. C. <Da6epa - OHKO
HHM Osero), TO ee HeTOpHH BeebMa HHTepeeHa. Ecrb HCTO'IHHKH, B KO
TOpbIX roBopHTeH, 'ITO 3Ta AepeBHH }')Ke B XVII B. Ha3hIBaJiaeb Akkala,
'ITO B rrepeBOAe e BOAeKoro H3bIKa 03Ha'!aeT «6a6bH AepeBHH» (OT
BOAeK. «akka» - «)f(eHru;HHa», «6a6a») (YerreHeKHH 1845). DhITh Mo
)f(eT, rro3TOMY ee:Kqae oHa Ha3bIBaeTCH Ba6HHO. Ho fl. C. <l>a6ep cpHKeH
pyeT Apyro:K OHKOHHM - Osero. 3TO HeBepHoe Ha3BaHHe, rroeKOJihKY
HeT AOKYAfeHTaJibHbIX IIOATBep)f(AeHHH, 'ITO KTO-TO KOfAa-TO TaK Ha3bl
BaJI 3TY AepeBHIO, xorn AepeBHH paerronaraeTeH Ha 6epery Ba6HHeKoro
03epa. A Ha KapTax XIX B. MhI o6Hap}')KHBaeM, 'ITO Ea6utto - 3TO He
OAHH OHKOHHM, a QeJibIX TpH: Eo11bwoe Ea6utto, Cpeottee Ea6utto H Ma-11oe Ea6utto. 3TH OHKOHHMhI cpHKeHpyroTrn Ha rnrrorpacpWieeKoH KapTe
<I>. <I>. IIIy6epTa 1834 r (IIIy6epT 1834). 06paTHMeH eHOBa K IIOBeCTBOBaTeJibHOMY TeKcry, a HMeHHO, K TOH
ero qaeTH, B KOTOpOH fOBOpHTCH 0 QHcppax, OTHOCHill;HXCH K OHKOHH
MaM. TiepeHAeM K paeeMOTpeHHIO Ta6JI. 3.
278
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
KaK MbI }')Ke CKa3aJIH, B noBeCTBOBa
TeJibHOM TeKCTe HanpOTHB Ka)l(AOfO HMeHH
noMemHKa AaHa Qmppa. 3TH )l(e QHcppbI
npocTaBJieHbl J{ OKOJIO OHKOHHMOB KapTbl,
XOTf! J{ He Mf! Bcex OHKOHHMOB. HanpHMep,
OKOJIO OHKOHHMOB CTeTpocpcKoro norocra
J1BaHropOACKOro JieHa H 51MCKoro JieHa QHcpp
HeT. CTaJIO 6hITb, Ill. C. <l>a6ep HMeJI QeJibIO
IlOKa3aTb 3eMeJibHbie BJiaAeHHf! IlOMemHKOB
TOJibKO B KonopcKoM JieHe. KpoMe QHcpp Ha
KapTe OKOJIO OHKOHHMOB HaHeceHbl 6yi<Bbl.
KaK BHAHO H3 Ta6JIHQbl 3, OKOJIO OHKO
HHMOB Kattila Hoff, Pamalitza, Ranula, Wairsola CTOHT 6yi<Ba B. 3rn 6yi<Ba oTcyrcT
ByeT B IlOBeCTBOBaTeJibHOM TeKcTe (Notor),
HO HaM AYMaeTcfl, 'ITO OHKOHHMbI c AaHHOH
6yi<BOH - 3TO JIH'!Hble BJiaAeHHf! rpacpa
EeHrTa 0KcemnepHa (Ha'IaJibHaf! 6yi<Ba HMe
HH IlOMemHKa), T. e. IlO)l(aJIOBaHHbie eMy
HMeHHf! lllBeACKOH KOpOHOH B JIH'IHOe IlOJib-
30BaHHe. 3TH OHKOHHMbl Aa)l(e IlOA'IepKHyrbl
)l(HpHo:H: JIHHHe:H:. 0Kono o:H:KoHHMa Undua Mbl HaxOAHM QHcppy 5, XOTf! B IlOBeCTBOBa
HasBaHHe TOUOHHMa Kattila Hoff Pamalitza
Ranula Rudiala Gozoi Mens Rudiala
Wairsola Undua
Rasil
Wirtina Korsut
Mattikiilla Sawaka Osero
Wilkin a Wellikiilla Udissala Tiditz Letka Pillola
Munkoa
I..J;mf>pa/ ~a
B. B. B. 20 20
B.,20 5
13
14
---14 14 ? ?
18 18 20 14
TeJibHOM TeKcre 3Ta QHcppa oTcyrcTByeT. KpoMe Toro, AJif! TaKHX OHKO
HHMOB, KaK Korsut, Mattikulla H Sawaka, Iii. C. <l>a6ep He npocTaBHJI
QHcppbI. 3HaKH Bonpoca HanpoTHB OHKOHHMOB Wellikulla J{ Udissala 03Ha'IaIOT, 'ITO HaM He YAaJIOCb pacno3HaTb QHcppbI pRAOM c HHMH H3-
3a IlJIOXOro Ka'!eCTBa 6YMarH.
CTOHT eme 3aMeTHTb, 'ITO Pf!AOM c OHKOHHMOM Kattila Hoff Ha
KapTe pacnonaraeTrn ycnoBHbIH 3HaK - KHpxa. B Kornax B XVII B.
AeHcTBHTeJibHO 6hrna nocrpoeHa JIIOTepattcKaf! KHpxa. Eme B 1625 r
6hrn yqpe)l(AeH JIIOTepaHCKHH npHXOA KaTTHJia. KornbI CTaJIH QeHTpoM
3Toro npHXOAa, a norOCTbl, KOTOpbie npH pyccKOM KHf!3e (Qape) HrpaJIH
BcerAa poJib QepKOBHO-npHXOACKHX eAHHHQ, npH IllBeACKOM Kopone
yrpaTHJIH 3TO 3Ha'!eHHe H CTaJIH HrpaTb pOJib BOJIOCTeH.
EcJIH COBMeCTHTb nepBYJO Ta6JIHQY 1 c Ta6JIHQeH 3, TO, HCXOAfl H3
pacrnHcppOBaHHbIX HaMH HMeH IlOMemHKOB J{ QHcpp, MO)l(HO npeAilO
JIO)l(HTb, 'ITO B 1666 r. HHTepecYJOmHe Hae AepeBHH B KonopcKoM JieHe
npHHaAJie)l(aJIH cJieAYJOmHM noMemHKaM: BO BJiaAeHHH rpacpa EeHITa
279
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
0KceHIIIepHa HaxOAIDIHCb AepeBHH Kattila Hoff (Kornbr), Pamalitza
(IT}'Mamni;hr), Raniila (PaHHOJIOBO), Wairsola (BoifHoconoBo); BO BJia
AeHHH Kpy3eHa - Wairsola (BoifHocoJioBo), Rudiala Gozoi (ooJibIIIoe
PyMIDIOBo), Mens Rudiala (Manoe PJMIDIOBo) H Pillola (ITHJIJIOBo); BO
BJiaAeHHH foHeMaHa - Tiditz (TIOTHQbI) H Letka (Jht:nKOBHQbr); BO
BJiaAeHHH TH3eHray3eHa - Wirtina (BepAHfl), Osero (Ba6HHo), Wilkina
(BeJIHKHHo), Munkoa (MJKKOBo); BO BJiaAeHHH <l>pami;a KHoppHHra -
Rasil (PacCHf!). no IlOBOAY AepeBHH Undua (YHAOBO) Mbl HH'Iero CKa-
3aTb He MO)l(eM, IlOCKOJibKy, KaK f)l(e ynoMHHaJIOCb, B IlOBeCTBOBaTeJib
HOM TeKCTe QHcppbl 5 HeT
IToABOAfl He6oJibIIIOH HTor JIHHrBHCTH'IecKoMy aHaJIH3Y KapTbr 11. c. <l>a6epa, MO)l(HO CKa3aTb, 'ITO, c OAHOH cropOHbI, Halli aHaJIH3 3a
TPYAHf!JI TOT cpaKT, 'ITO aAMHHHCTpaTHBHO-TeppHTOpHanbHoe AeJieHHe
Ha KapTe npeAcTaBJieHo npH6JIH3HTeJibHO. Ha KapTe OTCYTCTByroT, KaK Mbl f)l(e CKa3aJIH, rpaHHQbI Me)l(AY OCHOBHbIMH aAMHHHCTpaTHBHO
TeppHTOpHaJibHbIMH eAHHHQaMH AaHHOH TeppHTOpHH. KaK cJieACTBHe 3TOro, Mbl He CMOrJIH pacnpeAeJIHTb HaIIIH·TOilOHHMbl no 3THM eAHHHQaM, a aAMHHHCTpaTHBHO-TeppHTOpHaJibHaf! npHBf!3Ka (paBHO KaK H
reorpacpH'IeCKaf!) HrpaeT ~eCTBeHHYIO pOJib B JII060M TOilOHHMH'IeCKOM HCCJieAOBaHHH.
C Apyroif cropOHbI, B AaHHOM aHaJIH3e HaM O'IeHb noMorna pa3-
BepHYTaf! 3THOrpacpH'IeCKaf! HHcpOpMaQHf! 0 TOilOHHMax, KOTopyro
KapTorpacp AaeT B IlOBeCTBOBaTeJibHOM TeKCTe. 3THOrpacpH'IeCKaf! HH
cpopMaQHf! 0 TOilOHHMax BcerAa Ba)l(Ha, TaK KaK Bblf!BJifleT HX HCTOpH
'IeCKHH KOHTeKCT H IlOMoraeT npH peKOHCTPJKQHH HCTOpHKO
KYJibTYPHbIX MOAeJieif.
ITepexoAHM KO BTopoMy HCTO'IHHKY - K IIIBeACKOH KapTe ITaynH
BacCaHAepa «Denna Land Carta ofwer nagra Pogoster» 1699 r., KOTOpafl
xpaHHTCf! B BAH B cocraBe TaK Ha3bIBaeMoro «ATnaca DOAHCKO» (Bac
CaHAep 1699). KaK H3BeCTHO, no'ITH Bee IIIBeACKHe KapTbI IifHrepMaHJiaHAHH B
Ha'Iane XVIII B. B xoAe CeBepHOH BOHHbI nocreneHHO 6bIJIH BbIBe3eHbI
B HapBy, a noCJie B CToKroJihM. Ho B 1825 r. MHOrHe H3 HHX 6bIJIH ne
peAaHbI PoccHH. 3TH HCTO'IHHKH C.B.fop6aTeHKo Ha3bIBaeT «CToK
roJihMCKHM KOMilJieKCOM» (fop6aTeHKO 1997). 3TOT «KOMilJieKC» B
1825 r. nonan B BoeHHo-rnnorpacpH<IecKoe ,D;eno K <l>.<1>.llly6epTy, H3-
BeCTHOMY B TO BpeMf! acrpoHOMY H reoAe3Hcry.
B cepeAHHe XIX B. B PoccHIO 6hrno AOCTaBJieHo eni;e HecKOJibKO Bo
eHHhrx KapT IifHrepMaHJiaHAHH KOHQa XVII B. 3TH MaTepHanbr 6bIJIH
280
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
Haft:):(eHbI HeKHM noJIKOBHHKOM Eo,11,HcKo H BKJIIoqeHbI B aTJiac, cocraB
JieHHbIH HM B 1841 r. B CToKrOJibMe (fop6aTeHKO 1997). I1Haqe 3TOT
aTJiaC Ha3bIBaeTCJI e~e «Co6paHHe rnaBHeHIUHX IllBe,11,CKHX 6aTaJIHH» -
HMeHHO no):\ TaKHM Ha3BaHHeM OH xpaHHTCJI B BAH PAH. TpeTbe Ha-
3BaHHe 3TOro c6opHHKa KapT - «Arnac J1HrepMaHJiaH,11,HH». KapTa
Il.BaCCaH,11,epa 1699 r. 6oJiee CTa JieT XpaHHJiaCb B lliBeQHH H TOJibKO B
cepe,11,HHe XIX B. nonana B Poccmo. B «ATnace Eo,11,HcKo» npe,11,cTaBJieH
ee Il0,11,JIHHHHK.
PaccMaTpHBaeMaJI KapTa npe,11,craBJIJieT co6ofi npHMoyroJibHbIH
JIHCT KapToHa, pa3MepoM npHMepHo 2Qx3Q CM. KapTa QBeTHaJI. Kaqecr
BO H306pa)l(eHHJI xopolllee, IlOCKOJibKY npoqHTbIBalOTCJI Bee
reorpaqmqecKHe Ha3BaHHJI, H CaMa KapTa BbIIlOJIHeHa c ,11,0CTaToqHoH
ToqHOCTblO H TonorpacplfqeCKOH aKKypaTHOCTblO.
Ha KapTe noKa3aHbI 3ana,11,Hhre norocTbI I1HrepMaHJiaH,11,HH Me)l(.n.y
HapBofi H HHeHoM: Ha ceBepe - lO)l(HOe no6epe)l(be Cl>HHCKoro 3aJIHBa
OT KypronoBcKoro nonyocrpoBa ,11,0 KpenocTH HHeH, Ha 10re - Cl>ecr
po6HHCKOH norocr JIMcKoro JieHa H OpJIHHcKofi norocT KonopcKoro
JieHa, Ha 3ana,11,e - IleTpocpcKHfi norocT I1BaHropo,11,cKoro JieHa, Ha
BOCTOKe - )J;y,11,eprocpcKHH norocT HoTe6oprCKoro JieHa H CBH,11,HCKOH
norocT KonopcKoro JieHa.
Ha KapTe B BepXHeM JieBOM yrny ,11,aHo Ha3BaHHe - «Denna Land Carta ofwer nagra Pogoster» H ro,11, - 1699. I1MJI Kaprnrpacpa Ha KapTe
OTCYTCTByeT. ToT cpaKT, qTo KapTa COCTaBJieHa HMeHHO n. BaccaH,11,e
poM, MbI Haxo,11,HM y C.E.fop6aTeHKO (fop6aTeHKO 1997). KpoMe rnro,
no,11, CaMHM Ha3BaHHeM KapTbI MbI BH,11,HM IlOBeCTBOBaTeJibHbIH TeKCT, B
KOTOpOM peqb H,11,eT 0 TOM, qTo ,11,aHHaJI KapTa npe,11,cTaBm1eT co6ofi pe
HOBaQHIO reHepanbHOH KapTbI 1679 r. (y Hae HeT HHcpopMaQHH no no
Bo,11,y nocne,11,Hefi) (fop6aTeHKO 1997). (K CJIOBY CKa3aTb, cpe,l:\H IllBe,11,
CKHX KapTorpacpHqecKHX MaTepHaJIOB pa3JIJfqa10T «KOHQeilTbI» - HC
X0,11,Hbie cneQHaJibHO CHJITbie KapTbI H «peHOBaQHH» - KapTbI, C03,11,aH
Hbie Ha OCHOBe o6HOBJieHHbIX «KOHQeilTOB».) EanTHHCKOe Mope Ha Kap
Te o6o3HaqeHo KaK Oster Si66n (BocToqHoe Mope). B HH)l(HeM JieBOM
yrny KapTbI YKa3aH MaCillTa6 B IllBe,l:\CKHX MHJIJIX, KOTOpbIH HaM He y,11,a
JIOCb H):\eHTHcpHQHpOBaTb.
foBopJI 06 a,11,MHHHCTpaTHBHO-TeppHTOpHaJibHOM ,11,eJieHHH, CTOHT
3aMeTHTb, qTo n. BacCaH,11,ep HaHec qeTKHe rpaHHQbI Me)l(.n.y JieHaMH H
norocraMH. TaK, ecJIH Ha KapTe YI. C. Cl>a6epa rpaHHQbI Me)l(,11,y Ton,11,0)1(
CKHM, KapranbCKHM 3ana,11,HhIM H Pa~HHCKHM norocTaMH OTCYTCTByroT,
TO Ha KapTe n. BaccaH,11,epa OHH ,11,aHbI. KaK H Ha KapTe YI. c. Cl>a6epa, Ha
281
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
KapTe rr. BaccaH,a;epa Bee TpH norocra npHHa,!VIe)l(aT KonopCKOMy netty. Ha KapTe 1699 r. OT'leTnHBO IlOKa3aHbI OCHOBHbie perHOHanbHbie
,a;oporn H rocy,a;apcrneHHbre TpaKTbI. EcnH Kaprn YI. C. <Da6epa BeCbMa npH6nH3HTenbHO OTo6pa)l(aeT TeppHTOpHIO Ha 1666 r., TO KapTa rr. BaccaH,a;epa 'leTKO IlOKa3bIBaeT BCIO Tonorpa<i>H'leCKYIO H reorpa<t>H'leCKYIO CHTY~HIO Ha 1699 r. ,D;eno B TOM, 'ITO KapTa rr. BacCaH,a;epa -3TO He npocro Kaprn, 3TO paaBe,a;bIBaTenhHbIH nnaH. B KoHu;e 1690-x roJJ:OB urnep;br Ha'lanH noHHMaTb, 'ITO pycCKHe c HOBbIM u;apeM fleTpoM I fOTOBJITCJI K cepbe3HOH BOHHe (y llIBe)J;OB 6brn Y*e O)J;Ha)l()J;bl ne'lanbHbIH onbIT B 1656 r., Kor,a;a pyccKHe BOHCKa HananH Ha HHeHIIIaHQ H pa3pyIIIHnH ero). fI03TOMY <t>opTH<i>HK~HOHHbIM o<t>Hu;epaM K.-M.CT10apry, f.3peHIIIaHQY H fl.BacCaH)J;epy npHIIInOCb B OCHOBHOM 3aHHMaTbCJI COCTaBneHHeM paaBe)J;bIBaTenbHbIX KapT, KOTOpbre B 1700 r. HCilOnb30BanHCb B BOeHHbIX noxo,a;ax Kapna XII (3peHcBep,a; 1998).
Ta61111l{a 4
1666roA 1699 rOA 2002rOA Kattila Hoff Kattila Hof K0Tnb1 Pamalitza Pumala ~ManH~bl
Ranula Ranno la PaHHonoao Rudiala Gozoi Rudilii Eon. P_y_A1J;Hnoao
Mens Rudiala Rudiala Man. PyAAHJioBo
Her COOTBerCTBHJI IDittila PllITeJib Undua Ondova YHAOBO
Wairsola Woinosala Bofrnoconoao
Rasil Raskamensoi Man. PaccHJI Raskabolsoi Eon. Paccm1
Wirtina Werden B~AHll
Korsut Karven~a K~Bc:£..HHO
MattikUl!a Matte~a MaTTHJI Sawaka Sawi~a CaBHKHHO Osero Jiirvi~a Ea6HHO
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Letka L'!.E_kova JlHITKOBH~bl
Pillola Pillola f1HJinOBO Munkoa Munkoa ceft:qac HeT 3TOH Ac:£..CBHH
282
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
CpaBHHM OHKOHHMbI Ha KapTe rr. BaccaH,n;epa c OHKOHHMaMH Ha KapTe M. C. <I>a6epa H B «Arnace» 2002 r
KaK BH,ll;HO H3 Ta6JI. 4, crpyK1ypa OHKOHHMOB Ha KapTe rr. BacCaH,n;epa HecKOJibKO HHaJI, 11eM Ha KapTe M. C. <I>a6epa.
Ha KapTe rr. BaccaH,n;epa IlORBJIReTC.11 OHKOHHM Riittila (PRTTeJib), a OHKOHHM BellbKoma OTC}'TCTB}'eT. KpoMe Toro, MbI BH,ll;HM, 'ITO KapTorpacp 3acpHKCHpOBaJI ,n;Ba HOBbIX OHKOHHMa, KOTOpbIX y M. c. <I>a6epa He 6brJio: Raskamensoi (ManaR PacrnR) H Raskabolsoi (EoJibI.UaR PaccHR). Boo6~e ,n;epeBHR PaccHR 011eHb crnpaR. 0Ha yrroMHHaeTcR rro,n; HMeHeM PacbJC e~e B Hosropo,n;cKHX rrHcQOBbIX KHHrax, HO p;eJieHHR Ha MaJI}'IO H Eonhrnyro TaM HeT (HITK 1868). J1Ha'le 3TH ,n;epeBHH Ha3bIBaIOTC.ll e~e TaK: EoJihI.UaJI PaccHR - qyxoHcKaR PaccHR, ManaR PaccHR -PyccKaR PacrnR. I1o,n; 3THMH Ha3BaHHRMH OHH cpHrypHpyroT Ha KapTax CaHKT-I1eTep6yprcKoH ry6epHHH XIX B. Bo3MO)f(HO, ::irn pa3,n;eJieHHe ,n;epeBHH PacrnR Ha ,n;se - EoJihI.U}'IO (qyxoHcKyro) H MaJI}'IO (PyccKyro) - rrpoH30I.UJio B XVII B., Kor,n;a I.UBe,D;bI rrepeceJIHJIH B 11HrepMaHJiaH,n;Hro 3Ha'IHTeJibHOe KOJIH'!ecrso cpHHHOB H3 rrpHXo,n;os Caso H 3ypRITRR. Tor,n;a H B03HHKJIH 'IHCTO cpHHcKHe ,n;epeBHH, xorn 6oJihI.UHHcrso ,n;epeseHb ocranocb co cMeI.UaHHbIM HaceneHHeM. HarrpHMep, ,n;epeBHR KoTJibI B 1780-x ro,n;ax pa3,n;eJIHJiacb Ha ,n;se: EoJihI.UOH KoHeQ H ManbIH KoHeQ. B EoJihI.UOM KoHQe rrpo)f(HBaJia BO,ll;b, B ManoM KoHQe -pyccKHe. CeH'lac cpaKTH'leCKH 3THX ,n;epeseHb HeT, HO )f(HTeJIH ,n;o CHX rrop rosopRT: «JI H3 EoJibI.Uoro KoHQa Kornos» HJIH «JI H3 Manora KoHQa KoTJIOB». Ha KapTbI H aTJiaCbI 3TH ,n;epeBHH 6oJibI.Ue He HaHOCRTCR.
Ha KapTe rr. Baccatt,n;epa OHKOHHM Ea6UHO HMeeT }')Ke ,n;pyroJ{ BH,ll; - Jarvikyla. B rrepeso,n;e c cpHHCKoro R3bIKa 3TO 03Ha'!aeT «rrpH-03epHaR ,n;epeBHR» (OT cpHHCK. «jarvi» - «03epo», «kyla» - «,n;epeBHR»), ,n;epeBHR ,n;eHCTBHTeJihHO Haxo,n;HTC.11 Ha 6epery 03epa. 3To Ha3BaHHe 6JIH)f(e K HCTHHe, TOtIHee, K so,n;cKOM}' R3bIK}', 11eM Ha3BaHHe M. C. <l>a-6epa ( Osero) .
B OTJIH'!He OT KapTbI M. c. <I>a6epa, Ha KapTe rr. Baccatt,n;epa, KaK Mbl }')Ke CKa3aJIH, '!eTKO rrpe,n;craBJieHO ap;MHHHCTpaTHBHO-TeppHTOpHaJibHOe ,n;eneHHe. Terrepb MbI MO)f(eM pacrrpe,n;eJIHTb HaI.UH OHKOHHMbI no cnep;yro~HM a,D;MHHHCTpaTHBHO-TeppHTOpHaJibHbIM ep;HHHQaM:
283
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
E'AHHJU~a a,a;MHHHcrpans:uuo-TeppKropHaJibHOro JJ;eJieHIDI ua KapTe II. BaccaHJJ;epa «Denna Land Carta ofwer nagra Pogoster» 1699 r.
Capurie liihn Toldoschoi Pogost Waster Kargals Pogost
Udensala Rattin Pogost
Tyditza Lapkova
Woinosala Kattila Hof Raskarnensoi Pumala Raskabolsoi Ranno la
Werden Rudila Karvenkyla Rudiala Mattekyla Rattila Sawikyla Ondova Jarvikyla Pillo la
Woiha Munkoa
MbI 3aBeprnaeM Harn o63op KapTbI II. BaccaHAepa. Ha 3TOH KapTe
MhI o6Hap)')KIDIH TO, 'ITO oTcyrcrnoBano Ha KapTe YI. C. <l>a6epa: ¢nK
cnpoBaHHe HOBbIX TOilOHHMOB H '!eTKO CTp)'KTypHpOBaHHOe aAMHHH
CTpaTHBHO-TeppHTOPHaJibHOe AeJieHHe. KapTa 1699 r AJIH Hae Ha cero
AH.llllIHHH AeHb rrpeACTaBJI.lleT 66Jiblll)'lO u;eHHOCTh, 'ieM KapTa YI. C. <l>a-
6epa, XOT.11 6hI IlOTOM)', '!TO KapTa 1699 r 3TO IlOAJIHHHHK, a pa6oTa c
ITOAJIHHHHKOM 3TO BCerAa Apyroe BHAeHHe rrpo6JieMbI.
IlepeH:AeM Terrepb K pacCMOTpeHHIO «KapTbI 11HrepMaHJiaHAHH»
11. K. KnpHJIOBa 172 7 r. (KHpHJIOB 172 7). KapTa rrpeACTaBJI.lleT co6oH: rrp.11Moyronh
HhIH JIHCT 6yMarH, pa3MepoM rrpH6JIH3HTeJibHO
60x40 CM. KapTa OAHOD;BeTHa.11. CneBa BBepxy
AaHo H3o6pa)l(eHHe CaHKT-IleTep6ypra, HaA
HHM rropTpeT IleTpa II. CrrpaBa, B He6onh
rnoH: BHHbeTKe BHA Ilinroccenh6ypra. CneBa, B
HH)l(HeM yrny IlOKa3aH rep6 11HrepMaHJiaHAHH,
KOTOpbIH BrrepBbie IlO.llBJIR.eTC.11 Ha KapTax 11H
repMaHaHAHH. 3AeCb CJieAYeT CKa3aTb, '!TO IlOCJie
3aBOeBaHH.ll 11BaHropoAa B 1583 r. eMY AaJIH rnBeACKHH rep6 (cM. pnc.). KaK Terrepb AOKa3a
HO, 3TOT rep6 HaH6onee ApeBHHH Ha TeppH
TOpHH JleHHHrpaACKOH o6JiaCTH: Ha rep6oBOM lll;HTe 6bIJI H3o6pa)l(eH
pe'!HOH IlOTOK, no o6eHM CTOpOHaM KOTOporo cepe6p.11Hbie KperrocT
Hbie CTeHbI, a B BepXHeM yrny 30JIOTOH KpecT, KOTOpbIH o6o3Ha'iaJI
xpHCTHaHCKyIO Bepy. IlepBOHa'iaJibHO 3TOT rep6 6bIJI rrpeAHa3Ha'ieH AJIH 3arraAHOH 11HrpHH, a I103AHee OH «OXBaTHJI» BCIO ee TeppHTOpHIO.
284
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
Ho KaK MhI IIOMHHM, Ha nrneACKHX KapTax rep6 HHrepMaIUiaHAHH He
H306pa)f(aJICR, a BrrepBbie IIOHBJUH~TCJI TOJibKO Ha «KapTe HHrepMaH
JiaHAHH» M. K. KHpHJioBa. 0AHaKO rrocne apecTa H ccbIJIKH B CH6Hpb
rpacpa MHHHXa (c 1728 110 1742 r OH 6hm ry6epHarnpoM HttrepMatt
JiaHAHH, <l>HHJIHHAHH H KapeJIHH) rep6 HHrepMaHJiaHAHH rroJIHOCThlO
HC'Ie3aeT H3 pyccKHX HCTO'IHHKOB (B TOM 'IHCJie, H3 KapT), rrpo Hero
3a6b1Ba10T BIIJIOTb AO Ha'IaJia xx B.
I1oA rep6oM HttrepMaHJiaHAHH AaHhI ABa Macnna6a: OAHH YKa3att B rnBeACKHX MHJIHX, Apyro:ii: - B pyccKHX sepcTax. KaK rrHrneT
M.f.HoBJIHHCKaH, MacruTa6 KapTbl OKOJIO 9 B. B 1 AM (1:380 000) (HoB
JIJIHCKaH 1958). B HH)f(HeM rrpasoM yrny, TaK)f(e B BHHheTKe, rroKasaH BHA KpoH
llIJIOTa H rep6 PoccH:ii:cKo:ii: HMrrepHH. I1oA rep6oM pa3MelllaeTcH rrose
CTBOBaTeJihHhIH TeKCT, B KOTOpOM YKa3aHO Ha3BaHHe, fOA H3AaHHH, MeCTO H3AaHHH KapThI H HMH KapTorpacpa. KapTa rrocBHllleHa I1eTpy II, 1103TOMY 3TOT IIOBeCTBOBaTeJibHbIH TeKCT HrpaeT pOJib IIOCBHllleHHH,
AapcrBeHHOH HaAIIHCH. y M. r HOBJIJIHCKOH OH rrpHBeAeH B TaKOH cpopMe H opcporpacpHH: «Bcerrpecsern-k:ii:rniH Aep)f(aBHimrniH H se
JIHKiH rcAph I1eTp'b AlleKce-kBH'I IMrrepaTop icaMOAep)f(eQ scepociHcKiH BarneMy iMrrepaTopcKOMY BeJIH'IeCTBY BceMHJIOCTHB-kHrneMy r CAplO.
Ci10 HOBYIO H AOCTOB-kpHyro sce:ii: IHrepMOJiattAiH JiaHT'b KapTy 06-Aep)f(alllyro sce6-k fopOAhI Kp-krrocTH CJI060AhI 3aBOAhI MhI3hI AepeBHH MeJIHHQhI p-kKH 03epa i'IaCTh 3aJiiBa cpiHcKaro io3epa JlaA~CKaro TaKO)f(Ae JlaAO)f(CKOH H iHhrn KaHaJibl irrpecrreKTiBhlJI AOporn irrpOT'IaH,
JI)f(e see co6paHo oceJieHiHX'b AOporax'b iKaHaJiax'b rroHOBOMY B 1726 fOAY OIIHCaHilO Y<IiHeHHOMY <Ipe3 pociHCKix'b reoAe3HCTOB apeKH io3epa CJiaHT'b KapTbl rre'IaTaHHOH CaHKT. rreTep 6ypx'b 1727 iIOHH A· 29.
BceH~aHllie ITpiHorny ITocJI-kAHiH pa6 ceKpeTapb KHpHJIOB'b.
fpbIAOPOBaJI AlleKclH pocTOBQeB'b» (HoBJIHHCKaH 1958: 43). J13 IIOBeCTBOBaTeJibHOro TeKCTa CJieAyeT, 'ITO KapTa 6bIJia COCTaB
JieHa B 1727 r B CaHKT-I1eTep6ypre KaprnrpacpoM H.K. KHpHJIOBhIM H
rrocBHllleHa I1eTpy II, a rpaBHpOBaJI ee AlleKce:ii: PocroBQeB. Ha KapTe, KaK YKa3aHO B IIOBeCTBOBaTeJibHOM TeKCTe, IIOKa3aHa TeppHTOpHH Ha
1726 r., a HMeHHo: rro6epe)f(be <l>HHCKoro 3aJIHBa OT ycTbH p. HapoBhI
AO ycrhH p. CecTpb1, qacTb rro6epe)f(bJI JlaAO)f(CKoro 03epa, 51M6ypr
CKHH, KorropcKHH H IllrI10ccenh6yprcKHH ye3AhI, peKH, 03epa, 6onorn,
neca, 3aBOAhI, JlaAO)f(CKHH KaHaJI, MeJibHHQbl, HaceJieHHbie IlyttKTbl.
Bsepxy KapThI rroMellleH crrHcoK ocTposos, HaxOAHlllHXCR B AeJibTe HeBhI H IIOMe'IeHHbIX HOMepaMH.
285
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
f1o nOBO,lW HCTOpHH COCTaBJieHHR KapTbI eCTb HeCKOJibKO HHTe
peCHbIX 3aMel.JaHHH. KaK nHllleT M. r. HoBJIRHCKaR, B nocJie)l,HHe fO)l,bI
QapcTBOBaHHR ITeTpa I pyccKHM reo)l,e3HCTaM 6hIJIO nopyqetto cocraB
JieHHe KapTbI MttrepMaHJiaH)l,HH. Otta 6hrna cocTaBJieHa B 1726 r., O)l,Ha
KO He YAOBJiernopHJia J1.K.KHpH1IOBa, KOTOpbIH HauJeJI B HeH MHOro
HeTO'IHocrefl:. 11. K. KHpHllOB npe)l,noqeJI BocnOJib30BaTbCR ne'laTHOH
nrne)l,CKOH KapTofl:, opHrnHan Kornpofl: 6bIJI ttafl:)l,eH ITeTpOM I B 1702 r. B Konopbe. KapTorpacp BHec B :=ny KapTy TOJibKO reorpacpH'leCKHe Ha-
3BaHHR, 3aHMCTBOBaHHbie H3 KapTbI pyccKHX reo)l,e3HCTOB, H Hanel.JaTaJI
B 1727 r J1ccJie)l,OBaTeJibHHQa npe)l,nOJiaraeT, 'ITO 3TOH nel.JaTHOH
nrne)l,CKOH KapTOH 6hrna Kaprn A. lllxott6eKa «f eorpacpcKHH qepTe)I(
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Ha 3TOH KapTe Mbl BH)l,HM Ka'leCTBeHHO HOBOe, OTJIH'IHOe OT llIBe)l,CKO
ro, )l,enettHe, a HMeHHO TPH yes)l,a: .HM6yprcKHH, KonopcKHH H lllnroc
cenb6yprcKHH. l13MeHeHHR Hal.JaJIHCb B 1708 r., KOr)l,a nocne OTBOeBa
HHR l1HrepMaHJiaH)l,HH pyccKHMH BOHCKaMH 6bIJia C03)1,aHa l1HrepMaH
JiaH)l,CKaR ry6epHHR. B 1710 r. ry6epHHR 6brna nepeHMeHoBaHa B
CaHKT-I1eTep6yprcKyro, a B ee cocraB BOllIJla 3Ha'IHTeJibHaR 'laCTb Ka
peJibCKHX, HOBrOpO)l,CKHX, ncKOBCKHX, TBepcKHX H .11poCJ1aBCKHX 3eMeJib.
ITos)l,Hee, no Mepe poem 'IHCJia ry6epHHH, TeppHTopH.11 CaHKT
I1eTep6yprcKofl: ry6epHHH coKpaTHJiacb H crana no pasMepaM 6JIH)l(e K
HCTOpH'leCKOH J1HrepMaHJiaH)l,HH. B 1719 r. YKa30M ITeTpa I Mttrep
MaHJiaH)l,HR 6bIJia pas)l,eJieHa Ha npoBHHQHH. 3THX npoBHHQHH 6bIJIO
TpH: KonopcKa.11, lllnHccenb6yprcKa.11 H .HM6yprcKaR. fpattHQbI 3THX
npoBHHQHH TO'lb-B-TO'lb coBna)l,aJIH c rpaHHQaMH 6bIBllIHX neHoB. B nepHO)l, c 1734-1770 rr. npoBHHQHH BHOBb CMeHHJIHCb ye3)1,aMH. 3TO He
MO)l(eT npoTHBope'IHTb TOMY cpaKry, 'ITO Ha KapTe 1727 r npe)l,cTaBJie
HbI He npOBHHQHH, a ye3)1,bl, nocKOJlbKY pa3HHQa Me)l()J,y HHMH TOJibKO
B Ha3BaHHRX.
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)1,aMH l.JeTKHe, 0)1,HaKO Me)l()J,y norOCTaMH OHH npocMaTpHBaIOTCR BeCb
Ma nnoxo. TeM He Mettee, MbI MO)l(eM BH)l,eTb, 'ITO HauJH ttaceneHHbie
nyttKTbI no-npe)l(HeMy BXOART B KonopcKHH yes)l, H, B03MO)l(HO, TaK)l(e
pacnpe)l,eJIRIOTCR no norocTaM, ecJIH yqecTb TOT cpaKT, 'ITO KapTa
M. K. KHpHlloBa ne'laTanacb Ha octtoBe KapTbI A. lllxott6eKa, Ha KOTopofl:
npe)l,craBJieHO llIBe)l,cKoe )l,eJieHHe no norocTaM.
CpaBHeHHe KapTbI 1727 r. c KapTOH 1699 r )l,aJIO HHTepeCHbie pe
syJihTaTbI. PaccMoTpHM Ta6JIHQY 5.
286
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
Ta611t11ja 5
1699 ro.a; 1727 ro.a; 2002 ro.a; Sawik_.Y!a Casm<HHa Casm<m10 Jiirvi~a 6a6m10 6a6m10 Puma la I1_Bi_amu{bl I1_Bi_amu{bl Riittila M.Pj['JW!cKa PIDTeJib
Kattila Hof M.KoTeJicKa KoTJIDI
Ranno la Pa HOBO PaHHonoso Rudiala MRY.a;no Manoe_I'y_PJ:IWIOBO Rudilii S~o Eom,moe _!'y.a;.a;WJioBO
Woinosala Bmrnacana Bofuioconoso Raskabolsoi JlaTbIIIICKOe_i:>_aci-1 Eom,rua51 Pacc11.11
Raskamensoi J'y_CKCl£<1CIDI Mana51 Pacc11.11 Munkoa ~BO ceJ1qac HeT :nol1 .a;e_i:>_eBID'I Pillo la ITWiona ITWinOBO Woiha HeT COOTBeTCTBJUI Benm<mIO
Werden Bei:>µ;en51 Bei:>µ;IDI Matte~a MaHb51 MaTTID1
Karvenk_.Y!a K~aroso Ko..E_Be..E_mIO HeT COOTBeTCTBJUI Il__y_cra.ll B~IUI ceJ1qac HeT 3TOJ1 .a;e_i:>_eBID'I
l}'_ditza HeT COOTBeTCTBJUI TIO~!
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HeT COOTBeTCTBJUI H'!E_Jl.D;OBO H'!E_.si.a;oso Udensala M.Y.a;ocon Y.a;oconoao
KaK BH,[.(HO H3 Ta6JIHQbI 5, Ha KapTe 1727 r IIOJlBHJIHCb HOBbie TO
IIOHHMbI - IIycmaJC BepouJC H HapJCooBo, KOTOpbIX HeT Ha rrpe.UbI.U~HX llIBe,[.(CKHX KapTax. 3TH TOIIOHHMbI, HaCKOJibKO HaM H3BeCTHO, He
BCTpeqaIOTCJl B DHCQOBbIX KHHrax HoBropo.ucKoJi 3eMJIH (HDK 1868). KpoMe Toro, MbI BH,[.(HM, qTo IIOJlBJIJleTCJl TOIIOHHM Ea6UHO BMeCTo
rnBe,[.(cKHX BapHaHTOB Osero H Jiirvikgla. CTOHT 3,[.(ecb 3aMeTHTb B(l)l(HbIH
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,[(Ba BapHaHTa: Ea6HHO H 51pBHKIOJIJI.
,ll,anee MbI MO:>KeM 3aMeTHTh, qTo Ha KapTe 11. K. KHpHJioBa oTcyr
CTB}'IOT CJie,[.(}'IO~He TOIIOHHMbI H3 CIIHCKa .uepeBeHb, rrpHBe,[.(eHHOfO B
caMOM Haqane craTbH: TIOTHQhI, flHIIKOBHQhI, BeJIHKHHO, MaTOBKa,
HerrrroBo.
TorroHHMbI EoJibillaJI H ManaJI PaccHJI KapTorpacl:>oM HaHOCJITCJl
cooTBeTcTBeHHO KaK JiambtutcKoepacu H PycKapacuJC. Bo-rrepBbIX, .uo
KapTbI 11. K. KHpHJioBa Ha3BaHHJl 3THX .uepeBeHb B TaKOH cl:>opMe HHr,[.(e
287
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
He BCTpe'laIOTC.11. Bo-BTOpbIX, B 9THX TOilOHHMax OTp(l)f(eH }')Ke MOMeHT
9THH'leCKOH p,mp¢epeHu;Hau;HH )l(HTeJie:tl: 11HrepMaHJiatt)J,HH. Ho B03-
HHKaeT Bonpoc: OTKyp,a KapTorpa¢ B3JUI JiaTbUUeH B 9TOM pernoHe?
0Ka3bIBaeTc.11, «JiaTbIIUaMH» B XVIII B. Ha3bIBaJIHCb 3anap,Hb1e npH6an
THHCKo-¢HHcKHe nneMeHa, npo)l(HBaIOru;He B 11HrepMaHJiaHP,HH, T e.
BO)J,b H H)l(Opa (BbICKO'IKOB 1989). 3TO Ha3BaHHe 6bIJIO p,aHO HM no reo
rpa¢H'leCKOH aHaJIOrHH: npH6aJITHHCKHe 3eMJIH, BXO)J,HBIUHe B COCTaB
PoccHHCKOH 11MnepHH (3crJI.llH)J,H.ll, JlaTraJIH.11, Kypn.11Hp,H.11), Haxop,H
JIHCb p.!IP,OM. 0TCIO)J,a IlOIUJia Tpap,HQHJI Ha3bIBaTb BO)J,b H H)l(Opy «Jia
TbIIUaMH». 3To Ha3BaHHe cyiu;ecrnosano p,o Ha'lana XIX B. Y)l(e
<l>. <l>.llly6epT B rnnorpa¢H'!ecKofi KapTe 1834 r ynoTpe6n.11eT BMecrn
!IambtWCKoepacu TOilOHHM CfyxoHc1caH Bo11. PaccuJl (llly6epT 1834). CTOHT eru;e 3aMeTHTb, 'ITO p.11p,0M c TOilOHHMaMH PHmUllcKa, Kome11-
cKa H Yooco11 KapTorpa¢ crasHT noMery «M.», 'ITO 3Ha'IHT - «MbI3a»,
T. e. p,sop.11HcKoe noMecrbe. KaK H3Becrtto, IleTp I nocne OTBOeBattHJI
11HrepMaH1IaH)J,HH y IUBe)J,OB CTaJI aKTHBHO 3aCeJI.llTb 9ry TeppHTOpHIO
pyccKHMH KpecrbJIHaMH-nepeceJieHQaMH. Op,HaKO IUBep,CKoe H HeMeu;Koe
p,sop.11ttcrso H He p,yMaJIH noKH)J,aTb PoccHIO. Hao6opoT, OHH npop,OJI)l(a
JIH p,ep)l(aTb CBOH noMeCTb.11 eru;e co speMeH fycrasa II Mollb¢a.
MbI 3asepIUaeM HaIU o63op KapT. KaK BH)J,HO, HaIU attaJIH3 3aTpo
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HO paCilJibIB'laTO. Ilonpo6yeM CHCTeMaTH3HpoBaTb HX.
Tunw uH<jiopMau,uoHHbtX napaMempoa, awoeJJeHHble Ha ocHoBe Kapm. Ilop, HH¢opMau;HeH B JIHHfBO-Kaprnrpa¢H'!eCKOM acneKTe Mbl
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KapTe; 9TOT MaTepHaJI HMeeT HeKOTOpbIH CMbICJI, CB.113aHHbIH c CHMBO
JIH'leCKHM npep,crasJieHHeM HH¢opMau;HH. Ka)l()J,bIH THn HH¢opMau;HH
xapaKTepH3YeTC.ll onpep,eJieHHbIMH HH¢opMaQHOHHbIMH napaMeTpaMH.
3anUCbl8aeMblU Mamepua11- 9TO 9KCilJIHQHTHbIH MaTepHaJI, T. e.
Bep6anbHbIH MaTepHaJI, KOTOpbIH 3allHCaH Ha KapTy H npep,craBJieH B
.llBHOM, 9KCilJIHQHTHOM BH)J,e. 3anHCbIBaeMbIH MaTepHaJI H eCTb 9KC
IlJIHQHTHa.ll HH¢opMaQHJI3. 3TO HH¢opMau;H.11, cyiu;ecrnyroru;aJI Ha Kap
Te, Kornpyro MbI nonyqaeM Henocpep,crneHHO qepe3 caMy KapTy. ,Il;py
rHMH CJIOBaMH, CaMa KapTa coo6ru;aeT HaM HH¢opMau;HIO: «Moe Ha3Ba
HHe TaKOe-To, rop, H3)J,aHH.ll TaKOH-TO, TOilOHHMbI TaKHe-To,
a)J,MHHHCTpaTHBHO-TeppHTOpHaJibHOe p,eJieHHe TaKOe-TO» H T )],.
3 TepMHHbI «3KcrrnHI.\HTHbIH MaTepHan» H «3KCIInHI.\HTHa.R HHcpopMal.\H.R» B
CTaTbe yrroTpe6nmoTC.R KaK CHHOHHMbl.
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LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
I1H<jjopMau,uom1.blu napaMemp - 3TO eTpYJ<TYPHhIH KOMilOHeHT
mo6oro THila HHcpopMaQHH. C}'MMa 3THX KOMilOHeHTOS H eoeTaSJUieT
HHcpopMaQHIO. J1HcpopMaQHOHHhIH rrapaMeTp - 3TO xapaKTepHCTHKa
HHcpopMaQHH. HarrpHMep, ,rvrn: JIHHrBHeTH'!eeKOH HHcpopMaQHH Ha
KapTe TaKHMH HHcpOpMaQHOHHbIMH rrapaMeTpaMH 6ylI.'Jf TOilOHHMbI,
nosecrsosaTeJibHbie TeKeTbI, Ha3SaHHe KapTbI HT. ,11.; ):IJIH KapTorpacpH
qeeKOH HHcpOpMaQHH HHcpopMaQHOHHbIMH napaMeTpaMH 6YAYT QSeT
KapTbI, yeJIOSHbie o603Ha'!eHHH, MaeuJTa6, THil HOeHTeJIH, TeXHOJIOrHH
e03,11aHHH KapTbI HT. ,11.
Heo6X0,11HMO OTMeTHTb eJie):lyrol.QHH S(l)l(HbIH MOMeHT: Ha KapTe
rrpe,11crasJieHO orpoMHOe KOJIH'!ecrso 3KeilJIHQHTHOH HHcpopMaQHH
pa3Horo po,11a. Ho MhI He MO)l(eM npoaHaJIH3HposaTb see sH):lhI 3TOH
HHcpOpMaQHH, rroeKOJibKY 3TO He SXO,I:IHT s 3a):la'!H ,11aHHOH eTaTbH.
QqesH):IHO TaK)l(e H TO, 'ITO Mbl He MO)l(eM paeeMOTpeTb see THilbl HH
cpopMaQHOHHbIX rrapaMeTpos orrpe,11eJieHHoro SH):la HHcpopMaQHH. Tio-
3TOMY Mbl nepe'IHCJIHM JIHIIIb Te THilbl HHcpopMaQHH H HHcpOpMaQH
OHHbIX napaMeTpos ,11aHHOH HHcpopMaQHH, KOTOpbie HSJIHIOTeH pene
SaHTHbIMH MH Harnero Heene,11osaHHH.
Bh1,11eJIHM ):IJIH Ha'!ana penesaHTHbie qaeTH 3KenJIHQHTHOH HHcpop
MaQHH Ha KapTe:
1) llUHlBUCmu<teCKafl UH<jjopMaU,Ufl - TeKCThI;
2) zeozpa<jju<tecKafl UH<jjopMaU,Ufl - a):IMHHHCTpaTHSHO-TeppHTO
pHaJibHOe ,11eJieHHe;
3) Kapmozpa<jju<tecKafl uH<jjopMaU,Ufl - KaprnrpacpHqeeKHe npH-
3HaKH;
4) xyooJ1CecmBeHHo-3cmemu<tecKafl im<jjopMaU,Ufl - xy,11o)l(eerneH
Hoe ocpopMJieHHe KapTbI.
Terrepb AaAHM rrepeqeHh penesaHTHhIX HHcpopMaQHOHHhIX rrapa
MeTpos, eoeTaSJIHIOI.QHX 3KeilJIHQHTHYIO HHcpopMaQHIO (JIHHrBHeTH'!e
CKyro, reorpacpH'IeeKyro, KapTorpacpH'IeeKyro H xy,11o)l(eerneHH0-3eTeTH
qeeKyro).
Ha'!HeM e JIHHrBHeTH'!eeKOH HHcpopMaQHH - e TeKeTos.
1. TeKcmbl: 1.1. Ha3BaHue Kapmbt: 1.1.1. Co6cmBeHHO Ha3BaHue Kapmbl; 1.1.2. CmpaHa u3oaHUfl Kapmbl; 1.1.3. Too u3oaHufl Kapmbl; 1.1.4. I1Mfl Kapmozpa<jja.
289
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
Do,IJ;none «Ha3sairne KapTbI» MO)l(eT H He BKmO'laTb «co6cTBeHHO
Ha3BaHHe KapTbI», «ro,IJ; H3,IJ;aHHH KapTbI», «CTpaHa H3,!l;aHHH KapTbI» H
«HMH KapTorpacpa». Ha KapTe MO)l(eT 6hITb npe,IJ;crasneHo OT,IJ;enhHO
Ha3BaHHe (HanpHMep «KapTa cesepo-3ana,IJ;HOH 'laCTH 11HrepMaHnaH
,!l;HH») H OT,IJ;enbHO ro,IJ;, CTpaHa H l{Mjl KapTorpacpa (BHH3Y HJIH BBepxy
KapTbI). 'iacro MbI cranKHBaeMCH c TeM, 'ITO Ha KapTax He YKa3bIBaeTCH
HH Ha3BaHHe, HH ro,IJ;, HH HMH KapTorpacpa. 3To 6e3bIMHHHaH, aHOHHM -
HaH KapTa. Tor,IJ;a Mbl npH6eraeM K IIOMOI.QH HCTOpHKOB - K ,!l;OKYMeH
TaM.
1.2. TonoHUMbl: Komllbl, Bepowr, MammuJr, Ellu3aeemutto.
1.3. 0Kppicettue monottUMa:
1.3.1. 3mHozpa<fmtteCKUe noMembl OKono TOIIOHHMOB: HaIIpHMep,
oKono ,IJ;epeBHH Ea6utto noMeTbI «IIOM. PYMHHQeBa» (s 3TOH ,IJ;epesHe
HaxO,IJ;HTrn yca,IJ;b6a rpacpa PYMHHu;esa) H «BHH.» (Heno,IJ;aneKy pacnona
raeTrn BHHOKypeHHbIH 3aBO,IJ;);
1.3.2. IJ,u<ftpbl OKOno TOIIOHHMOB: MOrYT YKa3bIBaTb Ha KOnH'leCTBO
,!l;BOpOB B ,IJ;epeBHe;
1.3.3. EyKBbl OKono TOIIOHHMOB: MOfYT YKa3bIBaTb Ha HMH IIOMe
I.QHKa, 'lbe IIOMeCTbe HaxO,IJ;HTCH B 3TOH ,IJ;epeBHe, T. e. BMeCTO 3THorpa
cpH'leCKOH IIOMeTbI «IIOM. PyMHHQeBa» MO)l(eT HCIIOnb30BaTbCH, CKa
)l(eM, 6YKBa p Do,IJ; OKp~eHHeM TOIIOHHMa IIOHHMaeTCH BCH Ta nHHrBHCTH'le
CKM HHcpopMaQHH OKOno TOIIOHHMa, KOTOpaH rny6)1(e pacKpbrnaeT ero
co,IJ;ep)l(attHe. 3To co,IJ;ep)l(attHe MbI Ha3bIBaeM nolleM monoHuMa. Ha
rrpHMep, Ha KapTe MO)l(eT 6bITb o6o3Ha'leH TOnbKO TOIIOHHM Komllbl,
6e3 IIOMeT H QHcpp OKOno Hero. Tor,IJ;a Mbl 3HaeM 06 3TOM TOIIOHHMe
ropa3,IJ;O MeHhllie, 'leM B TOM Cny'lae, ecnH 6hI OKOno Hero 6hrnH IIOMeTbI
«42» (HanpHMep, B 3TOH ,IJ;epeBHe 42 ,IJ;Bopa), «IIOM. Anb6peXTa» (B 3TOH
,IJ;epeBHe HaxO,IJ;HTCH IIOMeCTbe Anb6peXTa), «'iep.» (HeIIo,IJ;aneKy Haxo
,!l;HTrn 'lepeIIH'IHbIH 3aBo,IJ;). TaKHM o6pa3oM, nHHrBHCTH'leCKaH HH
cpopMau;HH 0 TOIIOHHMe npHpacTaeT 6naro,IJ;apH ero OKp~eHHIO.
1.4. IIoeecmeoeamellbHble meKCmbl: HanpHMep, KOMY rrocBHI.QeHa,
KOMY no,IJ;apeHa ,IJ;aHHM KapTa, KeM rpasHposatta, KeM ,IJ;opa6oTaHa, B
KaKOM ro,IJ;y BbIIIYI.QeHa B CBeT
DoseCTBOBaTenbHbIH TeKCT Mbl IIOHHMaeM lUHpOKO. 11Hor,IJ;a B IIO
BeCTBOBaTenbHOM TeKcre YKa3bIBaIOTCH cpa3y Ha3BaHHe KapTbI, HMH
KapTorpacpa H ro,IJ; H3,IJ;aHHH KapTbI. B IIOBeCTBOBaTenbHbIX TeKCTax MO
)l(eT TaK)l(e YKa3bIBaTbCH pacruHcppoBKa QHcpp H 6YKB, CTOHI.QHX npH
290
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
TOilOHHMax. CTp}'I<Typa noBeCTBOBaTenbHOfO TeKCTa HOCHT CHT}'aTHB
HbIH xapaKTep H 3aBHCHT TOnbKO OT CaMOH KapTbl. 1.5. Ha3BaHWf aiJMuHucmpamuBHo-meppumopuaJLbHbtx eouttu4: Ha-
3BaHHH norocTOB, neHoB, npHXOAOB H T. A· HanpHMep, Capurie liin, Toldoskij Pogost.
ITepeH:AeM Tenepb K zeozpa<f>uttecKou utt<fJOpMat(UU - K aAMHHHCTpaTHBHO-TeppHTOpHanbHOM}' AeneHHIO. BhmenHM peneBaHTHbie HHcpopMaQHOHHbie napaMeTpbI.
2. AOMUHUctnpamu8HO-meppumoputlllbHOe oellettue (AT,11): 2.1. I'paHU£4bl AT,11. 2.2. fpaHUf!bl 4epKOBHo-npuxoiJcK020 iJeJLeHwc. AAMHHHCTpaTHBHO-TeppHTopHanhHoe AeneHHe noMoraeT HaM BbI-
HBHTb cTp}'KTYPH}'IO reorpacpH'IeCK}'IO opraHH3aQHIO TonoHHMOB. TaK cnO)l(HnOCb, 'ITO Ha npOTJI)l(eHHH HCTOpHH TOilOHHMH'IeCKHH naHA
rnacpT I1HrepMaHnaHAHH IlOABeprancn: 3Ha'IHTenbHbIM H3MeHeHHHM B nnatte aAMHHHCTpaTHBHo-TeppHTOpHanbHoro AeneHHH. HanpHMep,
TonoHHM KomJLbl 3a 500 neT 6hrn B cocraBe TonAO)l(cKoro norocrn 5IMcKoro ye3Aa BoAcKolt nn:THHbI (Ao 1617 r.), 3aTeM cTan 'IaCTbIO TonAO)l(CKoro norocra KonopcKoro netta ( 1617-1708), noToM Bornen B Ko
nopcKHH ye3A I1HrepMattnaHACKOH ry6epHHH (1708-1710), nocne 3TOro - B KonopcKHH ye3A CaHKT-I1eTep6yprcKOH ry6epHHH (1710-1719), 3aTeM - B KonopcK}'IO npoBHHQHIO CaHKT-I1eTep6yprcKOH ry-
6epHHH (1719 r - KOHeQ XVIII B.), noTOM cran 'IaCTbIO 5IM6yprcKoro ye3Aa CattKT-I1eTep6yprcKOH ry6epHHH (KoHeQ XVIII B. - 20-e fOAhI XX B.), nocne sToro Bornen B KoTenbcKHH: cenbcOBeT KHHrHcenncKoro
paH:oHa JleHHHrpaACKOH o6naCTH (20-e fOAbI xx B. - 1991 r.) H Tenepb BXOAHT B KoTenbCK}'IO BonocTb K1rnrncenncKoro paHOHa JleHHHrpaACKOH o6nacrH (1991 r. - no HacTon:rn;ee BpeMn:). MeHHnHCb He TOnbKO
Ha3BaHHH aAMHHHCTpaTHBHO-TeppHTOpHanbHbIX eAHHHQ, MeH@HCb
('ITO ern;e 6onee Ba)l(HO!) rpaHHQbl 3THX eAHHHQ. JI106oe H3MeHeHHe B ceTKe aAMHHHcrpaTHBHO-TeppHTOpHanbHoro AeneHHH BneKno K H3Me
HeHHHM BH}'TPH caMoH cTp}'KTypbI TonoHHMH'IecKoro nattAUJacprn. PaccMoTpHM Tenepb peneBattTHhie HHcpopMaQHOHHbie napaMeTpbI
Kapmozpa<fmttecKou utt<f>opMa4uu. ,I.Vin 3THX napaMeTpOB MbI BBeJIH cneQHanbHOe IlOHHTHe «peneBaHTHbie 3Ha'IeHHH napaMeTpOB». I10A
HHMH Mbl IlOApa3}'MeBaeM cpHKCHpOBaHHbie 3Ha'IeHHH napaMeTpOB, IlOCKOnbK}' B AaHHOM Cny'Iae 3THM 3Ha'IeHHHMH MO)l(HO OilHCaTb 6onb
IllHHCTBO HCcneeyeMbIX HaMH KapT.
291
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
3. Kapmozpa<Jiu11ecKue npwHaKu: 3.1. <PopMa: KapTa/arnac/cxeMa.
3.2. Cnoco6 u306pa:J1CeHuJC: 3K3eMrnrnp/JIHCTbI.
noA IlOHRTHeM «3K3eMilJIHp» HMeeTCR B BHAY OAHH JIHCT qm3H'Ie-
CKoro HOCHTeJIR, IlOA IlOHHTHeM «JIHCTbI» - HeCKOJibKO JIHCTOB.
3.3. YcllOBHbte o6o3HatieHuJC: ecTb/HeT.
3.4. <Pu3U'ieCKUU Hocumellb: 6YMara/KapTOH/KaJibKa.
3.5. Tun HocumellJC: no)Vll{HHHK/cpoTOKOilHR.
3.6. ll,Bem: OAHO.QBeTHa.SI/.QBeTHaR.
3.7 TexHOllOZUJC co3iJaHuJC: THnorpacpCKoe BocnpoH3BeAeHHe/Bpyq-
Hyro.
3.8. KatiecmBo UJ06pa:J1CeHuJC: xoporuee/yAOBJieTBopHTeJibHOe.
3.9. Macutma6: OAHH/HecKOJibKO.
3.10. Koopouttambt: ecrb/HeT.
IlepeJIAeM K paCCMOTpeHHIO IlOCJieAHero THila 3KCilJIH.QHTHOH HH
cpopMa.QHH - xyiJo:JKeCm8eHH0-3Cmemu'ieCKOU UH<fJ0pMa4uu H BbIAeJIHM
peJieBaHTHbie HHcpopMa.QHOHHbie napaMeTpbI.
4. XyiJo:HCecmBeHHoe o<JiopMJJeHue Kapmw: 4.1. BuHbemKu. 4.2. I'ep6bt. 4.3. IIopmpembt. 4.4. KynuiJoHbt. 4.5. Pa3llU'iHbte pucJHKU u yKpauteHuJC. CJieAYeT CKa3aTb, 'ITO B npo.Qecce aHaJIH3a pyccKHX H ruBeACKHX
KapT (He TOJlbKO Tex, KOTOpbre paccMaTpHBaIOTCH B HaCTOHI.QeH CTaTbe)
Mbl BbIAeJIHJIH xyAo:>KecTBeHH0-3CTeTH'!ecKyro HHcpopMa.QHIO npeHMy
I.QeCTBeHHO Ha pyccKHX KapTax, IlOCKOJlbKY UlBeACKHe KapTbI THroTeIOT
60JibUle K TO'IHOCTH, cpopMaJibHOCTH H npocTOTe ocpopMJieHHH; Ha HHX
npaKTH'IeCKH HeT pHcyHKOB H nopTpeTOB, 3aTO 6oJiblliOe BHHMaHHe
yAeJIHeTCH pa3JIH'IHbIM THilaM rupHcpTOB (rOTH'IeCKHM, yrJIOBbIM) KaK
pa3HOBHAHOCTHM YKparueHHH KapTbI.
Tenepb AaAHM onpeAeJieHHe noHHTHIO nepeiJaBaeMbtU Mamepuall. IIepeiJaBaeMbtU Mamepuall - 3TO HMilJIH.QHTHbIH MaTepHan, T. e.
HeBep6aJibHbIH MaTepHaJI, KOTOpbIH OCTaJICH «3a npeAeJiaMH» KapTbI Ji
npeACTaBJieH B He.SIBHOM, HMilJIH.QHTHOM BHAe. IlepeAaBaeMbIH MaTepH
aJI - 3TO HMilJIH.QHTHaH HHcpopMa.QHH 4 3TO HHcpopMa.QHR 0 KapTe,
4 TepMHHhl «HMIIllHL\HTHhlH MaTepHan» H «HMIIllHL\HTHa11 HHcpopMal\Hll» B
CTaTbe )'TIOTpe61111JOTCll KaK CHHOHHMbl.
292
LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
KOTopyro MhI noJl)"IaeM onocpeAoBairno, qepes pasJIWIHbie cropoHHHe
AOK}'MeHThI TaKHe, KaK TPYAhI yqeHbIX, nHCQOBbie KHJITH, aKThI 3THO
rpacpH'IeCKHX 3KcneAHQHH, KpaeBeA'!ecKHe saMeTKH HT. A· TaKyro HH
cpopMaQHIO MhI HasbrnaeM AOK}'MeHTaJihHOH. BhIAeJIHM peneBaHTHhie
HHcpopMaQHOHHbie napaMeTpbI ooKyMeHmallbHOU u1-1<fiopMa1"1UU. 1. Jl.oK)'MeHmw:
1.1. Hcmopwi co3oa1-1uJl Kapmbl: 1.1.1. l1MH Kapmozpa<fia; 1.1.2. Too u3oa1-1Wl Kapmb1; 1.1.3. Cmpa1-1a U30aHUH Kapmbl; EcJIH MhI HMeeM AeJio c 6esbIM.llHHOH, aHOHHMHOH KapToH:, TO MhI
npH6eraeM K IlOMOI.QH HCTOpHKOB. B pa6ornx HCCJieAOBaTeJieH Mbl MO
)J(eM OTblCKaTb HHcpopMaQHIO 0 TOM, KaK Ha3bIBaeTC.ll Ta HJIH HHaJI Kap
Ta, KTO rpaBHpOBaJI ee, B KaKOM rOAY·
1.1.4. flpu"IUHbl OllH co3oaHuJl Kapmbl: HanpHMep, KOrAa B XOAe
BOHHhI cosAaIOTC.11 pasJIH'!Hbie cpopnrcpHKaQHOHHbie YKPeillieHHJI H
Heo6xoAHMO sacpHKcwpoBaTb 3TH YKPeillieHH.11 Ha KapTe (cpopTHcpHKa
QHOHHbie IlJiaHbI) HJIH KOrAa KapTorpacpy Heo6XOAHMO COCTaBHTb Kap
TY Me)J(eBaHHH c YKa3aHHeM Toro, KOMY KaKaJI AepeBH.11 npHHaAJie)KHT H
CKOJibKO B HeH ABOpOB HT. A·
1.1.5. J1cnOllb30BaHue opyzux Kapm OllH C030aHUJl OaHHOU Kapmbl 8 Ka"!ecmee ecnoMozamellbHblX: HanpHMep, ecrh rwnoTesa, 'ITO npoTOTH
noM KapTbI A. llixoH6eKa «f eorpacpcKHH qepTe)I( HaA 11)J(opcKoro seM -
JieIO» 1703 r 6bIJI OAHH H3 BapHaHTOB reHepaJibHOH KapTbl 11HrepMaH
JiaHAHH KOHQa XVII B., cocTaBJieHHOH 3. EeJIHHroM.
1.1.6. Cyob6a Kapmbl noclle co3oaHuH: HanpHMep, nepexoAHJia HJIH
HeT Kaprn H3 OAHOro apXHBa B ApyroH:.
EcJIH TaKHe IlOAilOJI.11, KaK «HM.II KapTorpacpa», «fOA HSAaHH.11 Kap
ThI» H «crpaHa H3AaHH.ll KapTbl», MOrYT 6bITb 3KCilJIHQHTHO npeACTaB
JieHbl Ha CaMOH KapTe, TO HHcpOpMaQHIO 0 TOM, KaKHe npH'IHHbl no6y
AHJIH KapTorpacpa K C03AaHHIO KapTbI, 'ITO .llBHJIOCb onopHbIM MaTe
pHaJIOM AJIJI ee C03AaHH.ll, fAe OKa3aJiaCb KapTa IlOCJie ee H3AaHH.ll, B Ka
KHX apXHBax HaxOAHJiacb, KOrAa 6brna B03BpaI.QeHa Ha poAHHY HT. A.,
Mbl MO)l(eM HaHTH TOJibKO B AOKyMeHTax.
1.2. HcmopuH aoMuHucmpamueHo-meppumopuallbHOW oelleHUH, U3o6pa:»CeHHOW Ha Kapme: npoHCXO)J(AeHHe AT,[( - pyccKoe, nrneAcKoe,
cpHHCKoe; HaJIO)J(eHHe rpaHHQ AT,[(, cMeHa craporo AT,[(, saMeHa HO
BhIM.
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LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA
Ha caMOH KapTe MbI He MO)l(eM ysHaTb, KaK H no'leMy p;aHHoe ap;
MHHwcrpaTHBHO-TeppHTopmUihHOe p;eJieHHe CMeHHJIOCb HOBbIM. A B
AOKYMeHTax MbI MO)l(eM HaHTH KaK pas o6'hHCHeHwe 3THX wsMeHemrn c
Il03HQHH Y'leHoro, c np11Bep;em1eM apfYMeHTOB H CHCTeM ,!J;OKasa
TeJibCTB.
CBoe HCCJiep;oBaHHe 0 KapTe HCTOpHKH crpoHT, OCHOBbIBaHCb Ha
caMo:fl: KapTe. Cne,o;oBaTeJibHO, OHM wcxop;HT H ws TOH 3KCilJIHQHTHOH
HHCpOpMaQHH (OH a, KaK Mbl CKa3aJIH, He orpaHH'IHBaeTCH TOJibKO JIHH
fBHCTH'leCKOH), KOTopaH npe,o;craBJieHa Ha KapTe. 0TCIO,D;a Mbl MO)l(eM
c,o;enaTb BbIBOp;: HMilJIHQHTHaH HH¢opMaQHH 0 KapTe HBJIHeTCH npows
BO,ll;HOH OT 3KCilJIHQHTHOH Ha KapTe. KpoMe TOro, 3KCilJIHQHTHaH HH
¢opMaQHH CTaTH'IHa. 0Ha He H3MeHHeTCH BO BpeMeHH, TaK KaK 6bIJia
sa¢HKcwpoBatta B onpe,o;eneHHOe BpeMH 11 onpe,o;eneHHbIM KapTorpa
¢oM. 3To CHHXpOHH'leCKHH cpes KapTbl. 11MilllHQHTHaH HH¢opMaQHH,
B OTJIH'IHe OT 3KCilJIHQHTHOH, AHHaMH'IHa. 0Ha npeTepneBaeT pasJIH'l
Hbie HSMeHeHHH Ha npOTJl)l(eHHH BpeMeHH: nepeCMOTp KOHQeilQHH,
fHilOTes, CHCTeM AOKasaTellbCTB. 3TO ,o;waxpoHHH KapTbl. f1o3TOMy, ro
BOpH 0 TOH HJIH HHOH HMilJIHQHTHOH HH¢opMaQHH 0 KapTe, Mbl ,D;OJI)l(
Hbl Bcerp;a CCbIJiaTbCH Ha HCTO'IHHK - pa6ory, OTKy,o;a 6bIJI B3HT KaKOH
JIH6o ¢aKT 06 3TOH KapTe.
ITo,o; CUMBOlluttecKuM npeocmaBJ1e1-1ueM MbI noHHMaeM TO npe,o;craB
neHHe HH¢opMaQHH, KOTOpoe HBJIHeTCH ee KO,!J;OM. HanpHMep, AJIH 3KCilJIHQHTHOH HH¢opMaQHH CHMBOJIH'leCKHM npe,o;craBJieHHeM (KO
AOM) 6y,o;eT ecrecrBeHHbIH H3blK (pyccKHH, ¢HHCKHH, urnep;CKHH, He
MeQKHH HT p;.), a AJIH HMilJIHQHTHOH HH¢opMaQHH 3JieMeHT ,!J;OKYMeH
TaJibHOH HH¢opMaQHH.
ITop;Be,o;eM Tenepb HTOfH HCCJiep;yeMOH B ,!J;aHHOH CTaTbe npo6ne
Mbl, a HMeHHO npo6neMbl BbI,D;eJieHHH HH¢opMaQHOHHbIX napaMeTpOB
Ha KapTax HttrepMaHJiaHp;HH XVII-XVIII BB.
Bo-nepBbIX, sap;a'le:fl: 3TO cTaTbH 6hrno noKasaTb Ha ocHoBe KapT,
'ITO p;efiCTBHTeJibHO nepe'IHCJieHHbie THilbl HH¢opMaQHH cyr.u,ecTByroT;
TOJibKO HX Heo6xo,o;HMO 8bt0el!Jlmb 113 o6IQero IlOTOKa 1rn¢opMaQHH H
CHCTeMaTH3HpOBaTb.
Bo-BTOpbrx, MbI nonpo6oBanH no Kasa Tb Ha npHMepe 3THX KapT
o6IQHe sap;a'IH, KOTOpbie BCTalOT nepe,o; JIHHfBHCTOM. CaMaH Tpy,o;HaH
sap;a'la AJIH JIHHfBHCTa, saHHMalOIQerocH HCCJie,o;oBaHHeM HCTOpH'IeCKHX
KapT, - 3TO aBTOMaTH3aQHH ,!J;aHHOro KapTorpa¢H'leCKOfO MaTepwana,
npe,o;craBJieHwe era B Qw¢poBoM BH,o;e. 3To npo6neMa cos,o;aHHH 6asbr
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BblcKO'IKOB !I. B. 06 3THHqecKOM cocrase ceJibCKoro HaceneHH1! cesepo-aarra)l;a PocCHH (BTOpa11 IIOJIOBHHa XVIII XIX B.) II rrcrep6ypr H ry6epHH1!. M., 1989.
I'op6ameHKO C. E. KapTbI 11HrepMaHJiaHAHH H KapenHH XVII BeKa B llIBel\HH H PocCHH 11 KpaeBe)l;qecKHe 3aIIHCKH. Bbm. 5. crr6., 1997
HoBzopoiJCK11e nttct!OBble KHttW. f1eperrHcHa11 06poqHa11 KHHra BoTcKo:ll: IIHTHHbI 1500 roAa (rrepsa11 rronoBHHa). T 3. Cf16., 1868.
HoB11JrHCKax M. r KHpHJIOB 11. K. H ero arnac Bcepocrn:ll:cKo:ll: 11MrrepHH. M.; JI., 1958.
CeMeHtjOB C. B. CHcreMa pacceneHH1! J1HrepMaHJiaHAHH XVII seKa no AaHHbIM JllBe)l;CKO:ll: KapTOrpacpHH: peaJibHa11 reorpacpH11 H rHAporpacpH11 f1pHHeBb11, AHHaMHKa a)l;MHHHCTpaTHBHO-TeppHTOpHaJibHOfO )l;eJieHH11, rocy)l;apcrBeHHa1! H a)l;MHHHCTpaTHBHbie rpaHHL\bl, CHCTeMa rroceJieHH:ll: pa3HOfO 3HaqeHH11, cyxorryrHbJe H BOAHbie rryrn, CHCTeMa aeMJieBJia)l;eHH1! II CaHKT-f1crep6ypr H 11HrepMaHJiaH)l;H1! B apXHBax llIBel\HH. 111Bel\H11 B apXHBax CaHKT-f1crep6ypra. Cf16., 2005.
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YcneHcKuu /I,. l1Hrpb1, BaTbl, 11rp11MJ1, casonaKCbl II <l>HHCKHff aecrHHK. T. IL CTI6., 1845.
3pettceepiJ Y. lllae11.cKoe KapTOrpa¢HpoaaHHe l1HrepMaHnaHAHH II lllae/l,bl Ha 6eperax HeBbI. CToKronbM, 1998.
l1CT011Hl1Kl1
Am11ac JleHHHrpa11.cKoff o6naCTH: BonocoacKHff, KHttmcerrrrcKHff, JloMOHOcoacKHff H CnaHJ~eBCKHff paffOHbl. cn6., 2002.
Baccattoep II. Denna Land Carta ofwer nagra Pogoster [1699] // Arnac fioAHcKo. CToKronbM, 1841.
Kupu11oe 11. K. KapTa l1HrepMattnaH/l,HH. CTI6., 1727 lliy6epm 1834 - lliy6epm <1>. <1>. To11orpa¢HqecKa11 KapTa CaHKT-ileTep-
6yprcKoA ry6epHHH. CTI6., 1834. Faber J. S. Map of the north-western part oflngria between Narva and Koporie
[1666?] // Bagrow L., Kohlin H. Maps of the Neva river and adjacent areas in Swedish archives. Malmo, 1953.
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BHHX rno6anH3al.IHH (Ha rrpHMepe 6ypHTCKoro H3b!Ka) ................................ 297 Tjeerd de Graaf Dutch in the Steppe? The Plaudiitsch Language of the Siberian
Mennonites and their Relation with the Netherlands, Germany and
Russia ................................................................................................................ 307 A11eKceeea E. JI. K aorrpocy o C'leTHOH (11H<l>HpHofl) Tail:HOIIHCH B pyccKHX
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Ha,11.aTellbCTBO CaHKT-I1crep6yprcKoro }'HHBepcHTcra. 199004, C.-I1crep6ypr, B.O., 6-JI llHHHJI, 11/21.
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THnorpa<f>HJi Ha,11.aTellbCTBa CI16fY. 199061, C.-I1crep6ypr, Cpe,11.HHfl np., 41.
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