Post on 15-May-2023
basics of
22/01/14
Digital photographyFahad Golra, discussing the fundamental concepts of photography
workshopprogram Photography
Gear: The Camera
Fundamentals
Photography Gear: The Lens
Exposure
Light
Editing
FocusComposition
Practical Session
Practical Session
Exposition
introduction
27/01/14
• France, 1826
• Photograph by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, 1826
• Exposing a bitumen- coated plate in a camera obscura
World’s firstphotograph
Image Source: National Geographic
Introduction
27/01/14
imageformation
Image Source: https://voer.edu.vn Image Source: Jennifer Rexford, Princeton University
gear: the camera
27/01/14
imageformation
Images Source: Jennifer Rexford, Princeton University
Digital Image
gear: the camera
27/01/14
• The most important difference between these cameras is not the Megapixels, it is the
Sensor Size
Digitalsensors
Full Frame
gear: the camera
27/01/14
APS APS-C Four-thirds CX 1/3”
Digitalsensors
Full Frame
gear: the camera
27/01/14
APS APS-C Four-thirds CX 1/3”
BiggerSensor Bigger pixels Morepixels !!!Better Imaging
SmallerSensor Smaller
camera Less moneyBettermanoeuvrability
Digitalsensors
Full Frame APS APS-C Four-thirds CX 1/3”
36 x 24mm 24 x 16mm 22 x 15mm 17 x 13mm 13 x 9mm 5 x 4mm
36 % 24 =1.5
1.0X 1.5X 1.6X 2X 3X 7X
35mm
gear: the camera
27/01/14
Digitalsensors
Full Frame APS APS-C Four-thirds CX 1/3”
36 x 24mm 24 x 16mm 22 x 15mm 17 x 13mm 13 x 9mm 5 x 4mm
43 mm
gear: the camera
27/01/14
28 mm 27 mm 22 mm 16 mm 6 mm
Digitalsensors
Full Frame APS APS-C Four-thirds CX 1/3”
36 x 24mm 24 x 16mm 22 x 15mm 17 x 13mm 13 x 9mm 5 x 4mm
43 mm
gear: the camera
27/01/14
28 mm 27 mmSensor size x 1 = Normal LensSensor size % 2 = Landscape Lens Sensor size x 2 = Portrait Lens
22 mm 16 mm 6 mm
Sensor size x 4 = Sports LensSensor size x 8 = Wildlife Lens
Digitalsensors
Full Frame
43 mm
APS
28 mm
APS-C
27 mm
Four-thirds
22 mm
CX
16 mm
1/3”
6 mm
gear: the camera
27/01/14
Canon Nikon (FX) Sony Leica
Panasonic Olympus
Canon(DX)Nikon (DX) Pentax FujiSony Samsung
FOCUSing points
Nikon D4s (FX)
gear: the camera
27/01/14
Nikon D7100 (DX)
• Cover the image area
•
•
Mostly in the centre of FramePrecision through center
what is a pixel?
Picture Element =PixelPixel = Light SensitiveCell
Light
Sensor
Pixelsgear: the camera
27/01/14
what is a pixel?
6000 pixels
gear: the camera
27/01/14
4000 pixels24Megapixel Sensor
What mattersis QuantitySize Quality
PIxel quantity 2 x 2 = 4
gear: the camera
27/01/14
3 x 3 = 9
Pixel count increase (4 to 9) = 125%Resolution increase(2 to 3)= 50%
PIxelsize
Nikon D810
36 Megapixles
43mm
4.88 µm
gear: the camera
27/01/14
Nokia Lumia 1020
41 Megapixles
11mm
1.12 µm
what toget?
Full Frame APS-C CX
Nikon D4s16.1 MP 1,180g 4,100EUR
Nikon D710024.1MP 675g 900EUR
Nikon V318.1MP 324g 700EURgear: the
camera27/01/14
What to getdx or fx?
500 f/43,880g15.4 inches
7,200 euros
300 x1.5 = 450
gear: the camera
27/01/14
FX DX
300 f/41,440g8.8 inches
1,050 euros
its about light !
Exposure is the totalamount of light allowed to fall on the film/image sensor
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
Photography is based on light
Exposureover or under?
•
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
•
•
Too much light creates an over bright imageLot of white spotsParts of image Over-Exposed
•
•
•
Too little light creates an under bright imageLot of black spotsParts of image Under-Exposed
pinholecamera
Size of hole and duration of opening determines the amount of allowed light
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
• Mainly two things let us control the exposure
controllingexposure
Aperture…
… andShutter Speed
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
• (Size of) hole or opening where light enters
• Aperture is normally measured in f-stop numbers
• Higher the f-stop, lower the aperture (and vice versa)
What isAperture?
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
Aperture for exposureLow f-stop = High aperture = Large hole = More light = Higher Exposure
High f-stop = Low aperture = Small hole = Less light = Lower Exposure
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
2216118
5.64.02.82.01.4
Focused Background*
Blur Background*
Aperture for dof?
Less Light
More Light
*We will studythe Depth of Field (DOF) in the next session
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
what is
• Length of time the camera’s shutter is open
• Longer times lead to more light
• Shorter times lead to less light
shutter speed?
Image Source: www.shortcourses.com
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
shutter speed forMotion
Faster speed = Short Shutter = Less Light
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
Slower speed = Long Shutter = More Light
Motion Freeze Motion Blur
Image Source: picturethisshuttershooters.files.wordpress.com/
shutter speed formotion
80004000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”
15”30”
Freeze Motion
Motion Blur
One stop
1/4 seconds
4 seconds
1 second
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
shutter speed formotion 8000
4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”
15”30”
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
shutter speed formotion 8000
4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”
15”30”https://www.flickr.com/photos/ilouque/6169402770/
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
shutter speed formotion 8000
4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”
15”30”
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
shutter speed formotion 8000
4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”
15”30”
https://www.flickr.com/photos/tyler_hayward/6810525681/
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
shutter speed formotion 8000
4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”
15”30”
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
shutter speed formotion 8000
4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”
15”30”
Photo: Owais ur Rehman Shah
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
shutter speed formotion 8000
4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”
15”30”
https://www.flickr.com/photos/dstylezs/4425413727/
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
What is iso?
Measure of the sensitivity of digital imaging
systems
3250
100200400800
1,6003,2006,400
12,80025,60051,200
102,400
Optimal Image Quality
High Sensitivity
One stop
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
ISO forlow light
3250
100200400800
1,6003,2006,400
12,80025,60051,200
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
ISO forlow light
3250
100200400800
1,6003,2006,400
12,80025,60051,200
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
ISO forlow light
3250
100200400800
1,6003,2006,400
12,80025,60051,200
fundamentals of photography
27/01/14
basics ofdigital photography
27/01/14
Try different apertures, shutter speeds
& ISO values till next session