Post on 01-Feb-2023
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WP3 ‐ Exhaust Gas CleaningWP3 ‐ Exhaust Gas Cleaning
3March 21, 2013
Gothe
nburg, M
Love HagströmD E C Marine AB
Final Sem
inar, GD.E.C. Marine AB
F
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WP3 LayoutWP3 Layout
• NOxNOx – Primary reduction methods– After treatment ‐ SCR
3
After treatment SCR
• SOxWet Scrubber
March 21, 2013– Wet Scrubber
– Dry Scrubber
PM
Gothe
nburg, M• PM
– Particulate filter ‐ DPF
Final Sem
inar, G
F
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Primary NOx reduction methodsPrimary NOx reduction methods
Engine methods
Fuel injection/ valve timing
3
Wet methods
Direct water
g
Fuel nozzle design
March 21, 2013Direct water
injection, DWI
Inlet air humidification, HAM
W t / f l
Gothe
nburg, MWater/ fuel
emulsification
EGR – Exhaust gas recirculation
Final Sem
inar, G
F
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Wet methodsWet methods
HAM (H id Ai M t )DWI (Di t W t I j ti ) HAM (Humid Air Motor) up to 70% NOx reduction
DWI (Direct Water Injection) up to 50% NOx reduction
3March 21, 2013
Gothe
nburg, M
Heat absorption
Final Sem
inar, GHeat absorption
by added water
Lower peak temperatures
F
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EGR Exhaust Gas RecirculationEGR – Exhaust Gas Recirculation
3March 21, 2013
Gothe
nburg, M
Less oxygen in inlet air
Slower combustion
d
Final Sem
inar, GUp to 70% NOx reduction
[MAN]
F
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SCR Selective Catalytic ReductionSCR – Selective Catalytic Reduction
3Urea consumption <5% of fuel cons. (TierIII)
March 21, 2013
NOx + Urea → Nitrogen + Water
Power consumption <0.1% of engine power
Injection air for urea atomization
Gothe
nburg, M
Dust blow for preventing ash deposit
Final Sem
inar, G
F
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SCR Selective Catalytic ReductionSCR – Selective Catalytic Reduction
3March 21, 2013
Gothe
nburg, M
Vanadium (V2O5/TiO2) catalyst blocks
Withstands SOx in exhaust gas
Final Sem
inar, G
Large contact surface & open area
Operation temperature 270‐500 °C
F
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Pre turbo SCRPre turbo SCR
3March 21, 2013
Gothe
nburg, M
Pre turbo SCR
Final Sem
inar, G
Higher exhaust pressure
Higher exhaust temperature
Suitable for 2‐stroke engines
F
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OXI Oxidation CatalystOXI – Oxidation Catalyst
COSCR + OXI
NOx 99%
3
100%
VOC
VOC 90%
PM 50%
CO 90%
March 21, 2013
NOx
VOC
Gothe
nburg, M
0%SCR OXI
Final Sem
inar, G
F
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NOx reduction summaryNOx reduction summary
3March 21, 2013
Gothe
nburg, M
Engine modifications
Water methods
EGR SCR
Final Sem
inar, G
Compliance Tier II Tier II Tier II‐III Tier III
Fuel penalty YES YES YES NO
PM/ Soot INCREASE INCREASE INCREASE DECREASE
F
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Open loop Sea water ScrubberOpen loop – Sea water Scrubber
3
Open loop
Sea water once through
March 21, 2013
SOx + Seawater → Sulphates
Sulphates out to sea
Oil/ Soot to sludge
Gothe
nburg, MOil/ Soot to sludge
Dilution to pH>6
Final Sem
inar, G
copyright Lloyds register group Limited Fpy g y g g p
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Closed loop Fresh water ScrubberClosed loop – Fresh water Scrubber
3
Closed loop
Sox + Fresh water + NaOH →Sulphates
March 21, 2013Sulphates
Recirculation of scrubbing water
Sulphates out with bleed‐off
Oil/ Soot to sludge
Gothe
nburg, MOil/ Soot to sludge
Final Sem
inar, G
copyright Lloyds register group Limited Fpy g y g g p
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Scrubber tower designScrubber tower design
3March 21, 2013
Gothe
nburg, M
Scrubber tower
Maximize liquid/gas contact
Final Sem
inar, G
Images copyright NC State University
Maximize reaction time
Lowering temperature
Corrosion resistant materialCo‐current flow packed wet‐film tower
Fg py g y
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Scrubber tower designScrubber tower design
3March 21, 2013
Gothe
nburg, M
Final Sem
inar, G
Wet film tower/ venturi AVC – Advance Vortex Chamber GTM ”in‐line‐scrubber”[Wärtsilä] [Clean marine] [Green tech marine]
F
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Other wet scrubber typesOther wet scrubber types
Hybrid wet scrubbers
Can use either open or closed loop cycle
Requires both sea water and fresh water system
3
ULF Scrubber (CSNOx)
Ultra low frequency waves makes wash water reactive
d ( ) d ( )
March 21, 2013Reduces SOx (SAE), CO2 and NOx (CNR)
Pilot installation of open loop system 2009
Interest for ULF has diminished due to lack of reports
Gothe
nburg, M
Final Sem
inar, G
F[Ecospec]
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Dry scrubberDry scrubber
3March 21, 2013
Gothe
nburg, M
Dry adsorbtion unit
Operation temperature 240‐440 °C
SOx adsorbs onto CaOH granules
Final Sem
inar, G
[Couple Systems]
(Limestone), transforms to gypsym
Onshore disposal of reacted granules (20% more weight after reaction)
No discharge into sea F[ p y ] No discharge into sea
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SOx scrubber comparisonSOx scrubber comparison
3March 21, 2013
Gothe
nburg, MWet Scrubber
Dry Scrubber
Position After SCR/ Boiler
Before Boiler
Final Sem
inar, G
F
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SOx scrubber comparisonSOx scrubber comparison
3March 21, 2013
Gothe
nburg, M
Final Sem
inar, G
F
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SOx scrubber comparisonSOx scrubber comparison
3March 21, 2013
Gothe
nburg, M
Final Sem
inar, G
F
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DPF Diesel Particulate FilterDPF – Diesel Particulate Filter
3March 21, 2013
Wall‐flow Honeycomb
Gothe
nburg, M
Regeneration temperature
DPF 550 600 °C
Ultra low sulphur fuels only!
Final Sem
inar, GDPF 550‐600 C
CDPF 400‐450 °C
CDPF + OXI 320‐350 °C
F
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WP3 SummaryWP3 ‐ Summary
Primary NOx reduction
Up to 70% NOx reduction with EGR/ water
3
SOx Scrubbers
d
SCR
d
p /
Fuel penalty & increased PM
March 21, 2013Up to 99% SOx reduction
Only few pilot installations
Heavy and voluminous
Over 95% NOx reduction
Proven maritime technology
No fuel penalty but requires urea
Gothe
nburg, M
CDPF
Over 90% PM reduction
Only ULSF fuels
OXI
Boosting SCR and CDPF
VOC, CO & PM reduction
Final Sem
inar, G
F