Post on 15-May-2023
Effect of Acrylamide on
Stomach, Cerebellum
and Testis of the Albino
Rat
By
Hesham Noaman Abdel Raheem
M.D. THESIS
Acknowledgementshould go to all persons who have
assisted, in a way or another, to allow
this study to come to light;
Doctor: Kariman Mohammed El-Gohari
(Professor of Anatomy and Head of
Anatomy Department).
Doctor: Hassan Mostafa Serry (Professor
of Anatomy).
Doctor: Shahira Samir Zaki (Assistant
Professor of Anatomy).
Acrylamide Chemistry
Uses
CH2=CHCONH2•water treatment,
•enhanced oil recovery,
•papermaking aids,
•soil conditioning agents,
•sewage and waste treatment,
•ore processing,
•permanent-press fabrics.
Human Exposure to Acrylamide Acrylamide is a chemical compound formed de
novo when certain carbohydrate-rich foods fried,
baked, or roasted at high temperatures.
It was not known to be in food until April 24,
2002, where Swedish scientists reported high
concentrations of in fried, baked foods.
Maillard reaction is reaction of reducing sugar
(as glucose) with free asparagine, an amino acid
found in many foods, especially at high
temperature.
WHO/FAO: Dietary intake: 0.3-0.8 µg/kg
BW/day.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
ug/day
Biscuit / Cookies
All Other Foods
Exposure to Acrylamide in Food
French Fries &
Potatoes
Breads
Potato Chips
Cereal
Coffee
Cakes
Dried Foods
Pop Corn
Salty Snacks
Chocolate
Nuts/Seeds/
Butters
Effect of temperature
Acrylamide levels in potato chips friedfor 4 minutes increased with frying
oil temperature. (ppb=parts per billion)
160 °C
27 ppb
170 °C
70 ppb
180 °C
326 ppb
Effect of time
Acrylamide levels in potato chips fried at 180oC increased with frying time.
3.5 m
12 ppb
4 m
46 ppb
4.5 m
227 ppb
5 m
973 ppb
The current project aimed at exploring the harmful effects of acrylamide on the structure of the stomach,
cerebellum and testis in the albino rat, in an attempt to clarify its potential risk on the human health.
The stomach, testis and cerebellum specimens
were collected form fifty adult male albino rats.
Animals were divided to two main groups: I, II each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups.
Specimens from testis, cerebellum and stomach were
extracted and processed for light and electron
microscopic examination. For the light microscope serial
sections obtained, stained with H&E (Testis, Cerebellum
and Stomach); Feulgen stain (Testis) and silver stain
(Modified Glees) (Cerebellum). An image analyzer was
used to assess cellular apoptosis, and in addition, DNA
cytometry was performed.
I- Effect of Acrylamide on testis
Animals that received 25mg/kg BW/10days
showed mild affection.
Animals that received 50mg/kg BW/10days
showed evident damage especially with the
intraperitoneal administration. This was in the
form of degeneration of germ cells, numerous
multinucleated giant cells with sloughed
seminiferous epithelium, and vacuolations in-
between the germ cells.
ApoptosisFeulgen stain was performed to assess the effect
of acrylamide on cellular apoptosis in the testis.
It was clearly proved that acrylamide at a dose of
50mg/kg/10days showed increased apoptosis.
Control group 5/10
25mg/kg/10days whether orally or
intraperitoneally6/10
50mg/kg/10days/orally 9/10
50mg/kg/10days/intraperitoneally 15/10
Control 25mg/kg/10days whether orally or intraperitoneally
50mg/kg/10days/orally 50mg/kg/10days/ intraperitoneally
Study of DNA Cytometry
II- Effect of Acrylamide on
Cerebellum
The Purkinje cells were target cells to acrylamide.
Rats treated at a dose of 25mg/kg/10days showed that Purkinje cells somata appeared unaffected, while degeneration of their dendrites and axons were evident in the molecular and white matter respectively.
In addition, Rats treated with 50mg/kg/10daysshowed argyrophilic degenerated Purkinje cells somata.
III- Effect of Acrylamide on
Stomach
The stomach of animals treated with acrylamide
in a dose of 25mg/kg/10days showed no gastric
affection, while there were mild degenerative
changes and an apparent increase in mucous
secreting cells in the group that received
50mg/kg/10days.
The present study expands the available information
concerning the hazards carried by the consumption
of acrylamide on testis, cerebellum and stomach.
Although the doses of acrylamide utilized in the
present investigation were higher than the average
dietary daily intake in humans, 0.4-5 µg/kg body
weight/day, yet the cumulative effects of such
toxicant on human health are still waiting to be fully
identified.
Further studies focusing on the influence of
acrylamide on different organs in smaller doses for
prolonged periods could aid in the full
understanding of hazards implicated by acrylamide.