Post on 28-Jan-2023
Architect’s Pocket Book
Charlotte Baden-Powell
Second edition
OXFORD AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK PARISSAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO
Architectural Press
Contents
Preface vii
Acknowledgements ix
1 General InformationClimate maps 1Metric system 8Metric units 10Temperature 11Imperial units 12Conversion factors 14Greek alphabet 17Geometric data 18Paper sizes 24Drawing conventions 28Perspective drawing 32CI/SfB Construction Index 34Uniclass 40
2 PlanningPlanning and other permissions 41Building Regulations 1991 52Standards – in the construction industry 56Sustainability, energy saving and green issues 59Anthropometric data 64Furniture and fittings data 68Miscellaneous data 78Sanitary provision for public buildings 82Trees for towns 86Hedges 88
3 StructuresWeights of materials 89Newtons 93Imposed loads 94Fire resistance 99Bending moments and beam formulae 100Safe loads on subsoils 102Timber 103Brickwork and blockwork 106
Concrete 108Steelwork 112
4 ServicesDrainage 119Rainwater disposal 122Water supply regulations 123Water storage 127U-, R- and K- values 130Thermal insulation 132Heat losses 134Central heating and hot water systems 136Ventilation 138Electrical installation 144Lighting 147Sound 164
5 Building ElementsStairs and gradients 167Fireplaces 170Chimneys and flues 172Doors 174Windows 180Security fittings 188
6 MaterialsBrickwork and blockwork 191Stonework 200Dampness in buildings 204Plaster and render 205Metals 211Roofing 214Glass 237Timber 250Building boards 269Plastics 276Nails and screws 278Paints 280
Addresses 287Sources 297Index 300
vi Contents
64 Architect’s Pocket Book
Anthropometric data
Dimensions given are the average for British men and women. They include anallowance for clothing and shoes.
hips
Standing
upward reach +2120 +1970
top of head +1740 +1650
eye level +1635 +1545
shoulder height +1430 +1355
knuckle height +0770 +0740
floor �0000 �0000
MEN WOMENshoulder width men 460
women 405
men 370women 400
sideways reach men 885women 820
c/l
Planning 65
from buttocksto back of calf
from buttocksto front of knee
Dimensions given are the average for British men and women. They include anallowance for clothing and shoes.
extended leg
forward reach men 850
women 780
men 480
women 470
men 615
women 570
men 1090
women 965
top of head +1340 +1280
eye level +1220 +1170
shoulder height +1040 +0985
u/s elbow +0665 +0650
top of thigh +0590 +0590
average seat height +0440 +0440
floor �0000 �0000
Sitting
MEN WOMEN
66 Architect’s Pocket Book
reach over high tablemen 600women 550
1075Circulation
630
465
Turning circle ∅ mmlarge chair 1700standard chair 1500indoor chair 1400
1800
twoself propelledwheelchairs
twowheelchairswithattendants
onewheelchairwithattendant
NBMinimumdimensions of landings to be clearof door swings
oneself propelledwheelchair
1700
LIFT suitable for a wheelchair userCar of at least 1100 wide × 1400 long internallyClear landing area of 1500 × 1500Clear door opening of 800Lift controls set between +900 and +1200 hand set at least 300 mm in from front wall inside car
1100
800
1500
1500
1400
300
+ 0965 top of chair
+0710 top of arm rest
+0560 top of wheel
+0000 floor
WheelchairsMEN WOMEN
high reach +1715 +1575
oblique reach +1595 +1465
forward reach +1410 +1295head height +1330 +1255eye level +1220 +1155
shoulder +1035 +0990
elbow +0690 +0690thigh +0605 +0605seat +0485 +0475
knuckle +0380 +0420
foot height +0145 +0165
floor ±0000 ±0000
1200
RAMPS100 min high kerbto open sidesmin width of ramp surface1000 clear of obstructions(900 clear for dwellings)
1200
min lengthbottom landing
max 5 m long ramp for1:12 slope which ismax permitted slope
max 10 m long rampfor 1:15 slope
min lengthintermediatelandings
min lengthtop landing
1500 1200
non-slip surface ↓
(760 min)900
800
Planning 67
Wheelchair accessEntrance lobbies & corridors – not in dwellings
DWELLINGSNOTE; Part M of the Building Regulations applies only to NEW DWELLINGS, not to existing dwellings nor extensions toexisting dwellings.
Means of EscapeSee Approved Document B of the Building Regulationsand BS 5588 : Part 8 : 1988
Audience & Spectator SeatingSix wheelchair spaces or 1/100th of spectator seating whicheveris greater should be provided.Each space to be 1400 × 900 with unobstructed view and adjacent to seated companions. The space may be created byreadily removing seats for the occasion.
NOTENo frameless glass doors. No revolving doorsunless very large as in airports. Door pulls andlever handles for easy opening. Any door closersto be adjusted to open with minimum force andclose slowly.
ENTRANCE DOORS to have min clear opening 775 mmDOORWAYS in relation to CORRIDORS as table below:
Doorway – clear opening mm Corridor – minimum width mm750 or wider 900 when approach head-on750 1200 when approach not head-on775 1050 when approach not head-on800 900 when approach not head-on
A WC must be provided in the entrance storey of a dwelling – or the principal storey if there are no habitable rooms at theentrance level.
This WC compartment must be min. 900 wide with an opening-out door and a clear space 750 deep in front of the pan clear ofany wash basin. This WC may be part of a bathroom.
ACCESS to dwellings not steeper than 1:20 orramps as shown on opposite page with droppedkerbs to any pavements.
ELECTRICAL SWITCHES & SOCKETSHeight of switches, socket outlets, bell pushes,telephone jacks, TV aerial sockets etc to be pos-tioned between +0450 and +1200 above FFL.
Sources:Approved Document M of the Building RegulationsMetric HandbookDesigning for Accessibility
min clear opening for entrancedoors with min 300 clear spacealongside leading edge of door
minimum width forentrance lobbies
minimum clear spacebetween door swings
300 800
1500
1300
1000
750
1200
minimum clear spacefor manoeuvring chairinto side doorways
minimum clear opening forinternal doors
minimum unobstructedwidths for corridors
Principal entrance doors,doors in frequent use anddoors across circulationroutes should have glazedpanels at least betweenheights of +0900 and+1500 but preferably withthe u/s at +0450.
+1500
+0900
Double doors to have at least one leaf with 800 mm clear openingNB:Minimum clear opening for doorways meansclear of door thickness, doorstops and any fulllength pull handle.In practice this requires a 1000 mm doorset toachieve a minimum 800 clear opening.
800
68 Architect’s Pocket Book
Furniture and fittings data
Living room
armchair
900
two seater sofa
1500
950
2100
three seater sofa
1300
650
600
750 50
0
500
450
750
500
750 1000750
knee space
desk and chair
distance betweendesk and wallneeded to get upand sit down
coffee tables – 400 h
700
+1340
+0440
�0000
+0750 to1200
Planning 69
Living room – continued
+13001500
upright piano
+700
�0000
+520
�0000
�0000
+2250
54% of bookswill fit ontoshelves ofthese cleardimensions
18%as above(3% may be larger)
25%as above
television
longcase clock
bookshelves
AUDIO-VISUAL AND MUSIC STORAGErecord sleeve = 315 � 315 � 3video tape box = 204 � 121 � 30compact disc box = 142 � 125 � 12cassette tape box = 110 � 70 � 16sheet music = 340 � 250 max page size
500
155
180
255
450
550
250
240
340
265
240
1450 to 1500
900
350
650
grand piano 970 h
piano stool
1450
to 1
800
�0000
+0800
70 Architect’s Pocket Book
Kitchen
top of tall cabinets
u/s cooker hoodeye level
maximum reach
top of low wall cupboards
u/s wall cupboards
electric sockets
drawer line
plinth height
FFL
space for pipework ➚ cabinet depth53050
65
worktoptop of appliances
+2250 –
+2000 –
+1950 –
+1650 –+1600 –
+1350 –
+1100 –
+0900 –+0850 –+0740 –
�0000 –
+0150 –to –
0100 –
standard worktop600
300 to 350
900
walkingwith tray
walking betweenwall and counter
squeezingbetween walland counter
650
450
dishwasher
1150
1200
minumumspace between
counters
SPACE needed in front ofappliances under worktop
KITCHEN TRIANGLETo achieve a compact yet workable kitchen thetriangle formed by lines linking sink to cooker andrefrigerator should total between 3.6 m and 6.6 mlong with a maximum of 7.0 m. Avoid circulationthrough the triangle – particularly between sink andcooker which should not be more than 1.8m apart.
Allow a minimum 400 mm between hob and sinkand any tall cupboards for elbow room.
Cooker should not be positioned near door or infront of window.
Keep electric sockets well away from sink area.
Provide lighting over worktops.
Install extractor fan over hob.
800
700
1100
low level oven➝ ➝
Planning 71
600
tall
cupb
oard
/ap
plia
nce
hous
ing
500
tall
cupb
oard
300
tall
cupb
oard
600
cupb
oard
/ap
plia
nce
hous
ing
1000
cup
boar
d/si
nk b
ase/
co
rner
cup
boar
d
900
corn
ercu
pboa
rd
800
cupb
oard
/si
nk b
ase300
cooker – freestanding hob under worktopsingle oven/dishwasher/larder fridge etc
built-indouble oven
600
600
570
900 60
0
580
500
600
850
60090
0
mediumrefrigerator
fridge/freezer
built-infridge/freezer
500
850
600
1460
600
1750
600
1800
500
330
450
400 500
1000 1000 1000 1200 1500 1500
500
1200
CABINETS width dimensions
APPLIANCES
Inset sink units
freestandingmicrowave
built inmicrowave
smallrefrigerator
wall cupboards
72 Architect’s Pocket Book
Dining room90
0
2600
table for 10
900
1950
table for 8
1100
2200
table for 101200
table for 6 to 7
900
1500
table for 6
1300
750
table for 4
1100
table for 4
900
900
table for 4
750
table for 2
900
650
table for 2
750
Planning 73
+ 1340 top of man’s head
+ 1200 eye level
+ 1000 chair back
+ 0740 table top
+ 0440 seat
550sitting space
1500
450
450
350
bar stool
450
dining chair
740
sideboard 900 mm h
450foot space
(650 wide perplace setting)
750minimum space neededto get up and sit down
� 0000 FFL
74 Architect’s Pocket Book
Bedroom
double beds
cot – 1000 h
� 0000 FFL
+ 0550 top of mattress
+ 1000 bedhead
+ 1400 head room
1800
15001350 900
650
550
450
450SPACE round beds
minimum spacebetween beds withroom for small table
minimum space needed at sidesand ends for making bed – ideally should be 700 mm
1250
bedside table
450
600
450
750
190019
00
2000
single beds
Planning 75
chest of drawers – 900 h
wardrobe – 1700 to 2100 h
1000
500
1000
1000
600
600
Short clothes hanging space HANGING CLOTHES – average space requirements
BOOTS and SHOES size overall per pairmen’s Wellington boots 330 � 240 � 430 hmen’s walking shoes 330 � 240 � 120 hwomen’s high heeled shoes 280 � 180 � 150 hwomen’s flat shoes 280 � 180 � 90 h
c/l rail+ c/l rail
600
shirt
sja
cket
ssk
irts
fold
ed tr
ouse
rs
blou
ses
jack
ets
skirt
s
over
coat
sdr
esse
s
dres
sing
gow
n, lo
ng d
ress
es
dres
sing
gow
ns, o
verc
oats
300 600 500 300
MEN
900
WOMEN
1400
– 1000– 1200
– 1400– 1600
c/l rail
500
1600
blanketand hatspace
a rail at thisheight willaccommodatethe longest garment whileleaving spaceunder shorterclothes forshoes
Long clothes hanging space
1200
600
76 Architect’s Pocket Book
Bathroom
800
long
1800
700
1500
730
1100
700
standard
short
800
1000 900
900
750
750
800
800
700
minimumaccess
+2200 min. ceiling+2100 top of
shower rail
+1150 c/l mixer
+0530 top of bath
+0140 bottom of bath�0000 FFL
700
minimumaccess
+2200 min. ceiling+2100 top of
shower rail
+1250 c/l mixer+1050 grab rail
+0150 top of tray�0000 FFL
sitz
1700
BATH
SHOWER
Planning 77
+1900 min. height atfront of basin
+1600 eye level
+0850 basin top
560
420
400
700
2150
900
720
520
800
530
150
�
510
740
720
450
330
530
680
500
400
300
170→
60
400
500�0000 FFL
BASIN
600
minimumaccess
BIDET
700
minimumaccess
+2000 min. ceiling+1900 min. height at
front of pan
+1500 min. height atback of pan
+0400 average pan height
�0000 FFL
600
minimumaccess
WC
URINAL
500
minimumaccess
330
670
+1320 screen
+0710 u/s screen+0610 rim
±0000 FFL
+0510 rim forboys
700
minimumaccess
700
centres
78 Architect’s Pocket Book
Miscellaneous dataLaundry
600
washing machine and dryer
Cleaning and Fuelironing board
broom
fuel bunker 508 kg (10cwt) 4 step ladder
vacuum cleaner dustbin
spin dryer
580 70
0
650 84
0
400
� 150
850
1720
700
min
imum
acce
ss
400
300
350
1300400
970
820
1550
350
1350
350
1000
700
550
800
1350
400
Planning 79
Hall and shed
Garden
perambulator
bicycle
1200
1070
560
1400
deckchair
900
550
chest freezer
860
675
1100
700 1800
620
600
1200
1650
1450
560wheelbarrow
grass rake rake
1000
spade & fork
950
360
1300
lawnmower
wine rack
230
330 440
330
meter box
550
240 450
80 Architect’s Pocket Book
Domestic garages 2400
1600 600 �minimum toget out of car
200
150
2850
3300
6050
5020
clear opening for4878 (16�0�) w door and frame
workbench
1700 950 �allows for mostdoors to open fully
standard garagedoor heights are1981 (6�6�) and2134 (7�0�)
overhead beamfor stirrup grip
�
200
200
4900
5200
3000
6000
800
min
200
150
2120clear opening for1981 (6�6�) wdoor & frame
averagecar size
4000 � 1600
2275clear opening for2134 (7�0�) wdoor & frame
family saloon 4500 � 1700
familysaloon
familysaloon
mini
averagesized car
4300
SINGLE GARAGE minimum size
SINGLE GARAGE for family saloon
SINGLE GARAGE for wheelchair user
4400
clear opening for4267 (14�0�) w door and frame
4900
4900
4400
4700
Planning 81
Vehicle sizes and parking bay
VEHICLE l w* h radius
wheelchair – standard 1075 630* 965 1500
bicycle 1800 560* 1070 –
motor bicycle 2250 600* 800 –
small car (Mini) 3050 1400* 1350 4800
average sized car 4000 1600* 1350 5250
family saloon 4500 1700* 1460 5500
caravan – average touring 4500 2100* 2500 –
Rolls Royce 5350 1900* 1670 6350
hearse 5900 2000* 1900 –
skip lorry 7000 2500* 3350 8700
dustcart – medium capacity 7400 2290* 4000 7000
fire engine – medium size 8000 2290* 4000 7600
pantechnicon 11000 2500* 4230 10 050
Radii should not necessarily be considered as turning circles. Turning circles depend uponthe speed the vehicle is travelling, the hand of the driver (left hand differs from right), andoverhang, particularly at front and back of vehicle. Allow 1.2m clear space both sides ofcarriageway to accommodate overhang.
*widths exclude wing mirrors which may add 600 to 800 mm to the body width
Bicycle parking
205
1100
Up/down parkingwith ramps for parking alternate cyclesat a higher level90° parking @ minimum 310 mm centres45° parking @ minimum 450 mm centres
Source: Autopa Ltd Same level parking 45°
Same level parking 90°
610min.
610min.
610min.
610min.
1905
1440
+ 0690 topholder
+ 0470 bottomholder
+ 0250 ramp
± 0000 FFL
PARKING BAYThe standard parking bay is2400 × 4800 which willaccommodate mostEuropean cars. 2800 × 5800 will accommo-date American and otherlarge cars.
82 Architect’s Pocket Book
Sanitary provision for public buildings
Summary of minimum facilities
There should be separate facilities for men and women.
Generally washbasins should be provided in equal numbers toWCs with one for every five urinals.
In most public buildings, a minimum of two WCs should beprovided so that one may act as a reserve if the other is out oforder.
At least one WC should be designed for disabled people seepages 62 and 63.
Offices and shopsNo. of persons No. of WCs and basinsUp to 15 116–30 231–50 351–75 476–100 5over 100 1 extra for each additional 25
There is no specific requirement for urinals, but if providedmen’s facilities may be reduced to:
No. of persons No. of WCs and basinsUp to 20 121–45 246–75 376–100 4over 100 1 extra for each additional 25
FactoriesWCs 1 per 25 persons
Urinals No specific requirement
Basins 1 per 20 persons for clean processes1 per 10 persons for dirty processes1 per 5 persons for injurious processes
RestaurantsMen Women
WCs Up to 400: 1 per 100 Up to 200: 2 per 100Over 400: 1 extra for each Over 200: 1 extra for each
additional 250 or additional 100 orpart thereof part thereof
Urinals 1 per 25 persons
Basins 1 per WC and 1 per 5 urinals 1 per 2 WCs
Concert halls, theatres and similar buildings for public entertainmentMen Women
WCs Up to 250: 1 Up to 50: 2Over 250: 1 extra for each 50–100: 3
additional 500 or Over 100: 1 extra for eachpart thereof additional 40 or
part thereof
Urinals Up to 100: 2Over 100: 1 extra for each
additional 80 orpart thereof
CinemasMen Women
WCs Up to 250: 1 Up to 75: 2Over 250: 1 extra for each 76–100: 3
additional 500 or Over 100: 1 extra for eachpart thereof additional 80 or
part thereof
Urinals Up to 200: 2Over 200: 1 extra for each
additional 100 orpart thereof
Planning 83
84 Architect’s Pocket Book
WC compartments for disabled people
Wheelchair user
+1400 top vertical rail
+0480 pan height
�0000 FFL
+0800 bottom vertical rail+0750 top of basin and
c/l horizontal rails
These arrangementsshow the minimumprovision that willcomply with theApproved DocumentM of the BuildingRegulations1992 edition
250
700 to 7502100
�hingedsupport rail
mirror
lever handle �
pull rail �
support rails to be 35 mm ø
mirror size900 h � 400 w fixedwith u/s at 900 above FFL
400
1000
sing
le le
afdo
orse
t
500
1500
150�150�
�10
0
�50
600
frontal transfer to WC at the basin
1400 600
950
750
600800min
sideways transfer to WC
Planning 85
SECTION
PLAN
Ambulant disabled user
+1350 top vertical rail
�0000 FFL
+0750 bottom vertical rail+0700 c/l horizontal rails+0480 pan height
Note that this arrangement presupposes a wash handbasinelsewhere400
800
500
1500(1700)
(if door opening in)
wc height
950
900
480
Source: Pressalit Ltd
basin height