Post on 28-Jan-2023
AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN USING ARTICLES
AT THIRD SEMESTER IN STAIN Curup
A. Background of the research
Language is essential part in our life. Every day,
we can communicate or interact to other person by using
language. So, they know about our meaning. Language
consists of two, written and spoken. Written emphasize to
know grammar and structure system correctly. Meanwhile
spoken must not be able to grammar or structure of
language, essentially we know the meaning of discussion.
In our country, most of people use bahasa Indonesia as
their daily communication. There are some descriptions of
language. Language is a system of sounds produced by our
vocal apparatus and received by our auditory apparatus.
The existence of language is very important for human
life. It means that language has many functions. As
stated by Keraf language is used as media of expressing,
communicating, holding integration and social adaptation,
and holding social control. Many kinds of languages are
used for local communication, national communication,
regional communication, and even international
communication such as English.1
In general, the most popular language is English,
because it is the most widely spoken language in the1 Keraf, Gorys. 1970. Komposisi Sebuah Pengantar Kemahiran Bahasa. Jakarta:
Nusa Indah p.2
1
world. English is used by most of people from different
country who have different language as well. It becomes
the most important international communication medium,
most of people use English to communicate with other
English speakers. English is studied formal and informal
all over the world including Indonesia because it is
divided both form. In Indonesia, English becomes the
first foreign language that is studied by Indonesian. It
is taught not only in formal but also in non formal
learning institute. People are interested to study
English because it becomes important part in human’s
life. So they take part and join in formal or non-formal
learning institution to master English. They have to
study it because it has become the most important tool in
communication. Because of these reasons, Indonesian
government applies it as the first foreign language that
must be studied by students.
At the first time they learn English, students have
introduced how to speak and remember simple English
vocabularies. The purpose of this matter is to know Basic
English before they study specific part from it in the
next class. It is given for children that emphasize to
give attention on vocabulary enrichment and not in
grammar. They have got grammar material start from junior
high school. Some students get problems when they are
studying English grammar because the grammars are
different with their daily communication. They make some
errors when they try to use English in speaking and
2
writing. Some students get problem to arrange sentences
correctly. They still confuse to make good sentences.
They just translate Indonesian into English in the
meaning. Teachers have to explain it because there are
some differences between Indonesian and English grammar.
Each of them has different rules.
And in this paper the researcher take the article as
the main problem to discussed because the English
articles (a, an and the) are considered to be the most
frequent words in English. Master said that in Corpus
studies the article the is shown to be the most frequent
word in English and a to be the fifth most frequent
word.2And Berry state nearly eight and half percent of the
English text contains the and a.3Depending on these
statistics, it is obvious that the English articles are a
significant part of English language.
In other side Master also said that the English
articles system is one of the most difficult part of
English grammar for the EFL/ESL learners .So, it is not
fully acquired by them.4In line Kim and Lakshmana also
said that ESL/EFL learners need more time to acquire the
article system than any other grammatical forms.
According to Armingayo there are many students still
confused to use some part of grammar like using articles.
They often make some errors when they are using articles
2 Master, P.(2002).Information Structure and English Article Pedagogy.System Vol.30.p.331-3483 Berry, R. (1993). Articles. London: HarperCollins.4 Master, P. (1990) Teaching the English Articles as a Binary System.TESOL Quarterly .Vol.24(3) ,p. 461-478
3
in sentences such articles “a, an, or the”.5And also in
“wallstreetenglish” mentioned that article is one of
common error that often encountered toward student in
writing English.6
In ELC Poylu also mentioned some part of
students’common error that often occurred in using
article, such as:7
1) General and Particular
Articles are not normally used with uncountable or
plural nouns if the meaning is general.
Example:
The life is sweet.
Life is sweet.
My brother loves the animals.
My brother loves animals.
Compare
We expect this program to educate children. (children
in general)
Her husband used to be an authority figure to the children.
(particular children)
Oil doubled in price during the crisis (oil in general)
5 Armigayo,blogspot:Kesalahan Dalam Berbahasa Inggris,Retrived,may,02,2014,from http://arimigayo.blogspot.com
6Wallstreetenglish,blogspot:Analisis Pemerolehan Bahasa,Retrived,may,06,2014,from http://pribadiuntuksemua.blogspot.com7 Poylu,edu: The Grammar And Usage,retrived,may,09,2014,from http://elc.polyu.edu.hk/fyp/html/article.htm
4
The oil will be delivered tomorrow (particular oil).
2) Classifying Nouns
A/an is usually used with nouns indicating the group
or type someone/something belongs to.
Example:
She's administrator.
She's an administrator
Mr. Callaway is an officer and trustee
3) Uncountable Nouns
Some uncountable nouns are used with a or an to
express
a) 'a type' of or 'a portion of'
Example:
A fluid for cleaning photocopiers
A coffee please
b) A particular/specified meaning.
Example:
A knowledge of English
A good sleep
However, some nouns cannot be used like this
Example:
We're having a good weather.
We're having good weather.
You've made an excellent progress.
You've made excellent progress.
She speaks a good English.
She speaks good English.
5
4) Other Determiners
Articles are not used with other determiners.
Example:
The my fieldwork supervisor.
My fieldwork supervisor.
Room for improvement to the those services.
Room for improvement to those services.
5) Proper Nouns
Articles are not usually used with proper nouns
(names)
Example:
Wei Man is from the Shenzen.
Wei Man is from Shenzen.
6) Prepositions of Time, Place and Movement
In some common fixed expressions with prepositions
of place, time and movement, the countable nouns do not
take an article as they usually would
Example:
to/at/from + school/university/college,
at home,
to/in + bed/church/prison/hospital
by car/bus/helicopter/camel
on foot.
7) Statements/Exclamations
In exclamations, a/an is used with countable nouns
after 'what'
Example:
6
What extraordinary situation!
What an extraordinary situation!
Uncountable nouns in exclamations do not take an
article
Example:
What a rubbish he talks!
What rubbish he talks!
In this case there is correlation to the goal of
learning English, Tarigan said an error in using
language is one of problem that often occurred in study
language include study language as second language or as
first language and it’s annoyed the goal in study
language.8Base on those statement I can conclude that
article is one of the problem that should be solved for
the teacher to make the goal of learn English can we get
successfully.
English Department in STAIN Curup is one of prodi
which focus in study about English education. So, their
student they should avoid an error in using article
because it can be their problem for the purpose in
teaching English, From this reason, the writer will
analyze about students ability to use grammar especially
articles. And, the result can be consideration for the
lecture in STAIN Curup in teaching English. Because base
on my pre-observation there are many students who often
error in using article.In addition after doing interview
with writing teacher in STAIN Curup, Student at third8 Academia,edu:Analisis Keslahan Berbahasa,retrived,mei,10,2014,from http://www.academia.edu/5782653/Makalah_Analisis_Kesalahan_Berbahasa
7
semester also have problem in using article when they
accomplish task of writing.9and then I am also do interview
to the teacher structure Sarwo Edi, he said that there
are many English student that often do error in using
article within speaking and writing,10 Whereas, according
to syllabus they had learnt about using article in
structure one. Here, the writer will make a research with
title “An Error Analysis On Students’ Ability In Using
Articles At Third Semester In STAIN Curup
B. Limitation of problems
To make this research be valid the writer would like
to limit on this study as follows:
1. The research focuses on the ability to use articles a,
an, and the, for students of third semester English
department in STAIN Curup.
2. The factors that influence the ability to use the
articles a, an, and the, for students of third semester
English department in STAIN Curup.
C. Statement of Problem
To analyze the problem student’s ability in using
articles, the writer formulates the problem as follows:
1. How far is the ability of the student at third
semester in STAIN Curup in using article a, an, and
the?9 Interview with Miss.Nastity as Writing English teacher in STAIN Curup10 Interviewed with Mr.Sarwo Edi as Structure English teacher in STAIN Curup
8
2. What factors which influence student’s ability in
using articles a, an, and the, for students at third
semester in STAIN Curup.
D. Objective of Study
The objectives of the study of this research are as
follows:
1. To know the ability of the student at third semester
in STAIN Curup in using article a, an, and the.
2. To know the factors which influence student’s
ability in using articles a, an, and The for students
at third semester in STAIN Curup.
E. Benefit of Study
The result of this research is expected to be useful
in two dimensions, theoretically and practically:
1. Practically
The result of this research is beneficial for the
students as reference in learning language related on the
use of articles A, An, and The. Apart from that, this
research is also beneficial for knowing some common
mistakes caused by the use of the articles. The result of
this research is very important for English teachers. It
can help them in language teaching learning process. By
studying the result of this research, hopefully the
students will know about using articles a, an, the
correctly.
2. Theoretically
Theoretically, this research is expected to describe
about articles A, An, and The, explanation of each
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article, key words to identify ways to use article a, an,
and the correctly.
F. Definition of Key Terms
To avoid misinterpretation and make easy to
understand the title of this research, the writer would
like to clarify and explain the terms used in this study
as follows:
a. Error
According to Klassen, error is form of
structure that the native speaker finds unacceptable
and wrongly used in linguistic context.11
b. Analysis
According to Hornby analysis is the study of
something by examining its parts and their
relationship a statement of the result.12 From the
quotation above, analysis is the study of errors
done by student at third semester in STAIN Curup.
c. Student
Students in this research are person who had
learnt about article in structure one and
opportunely they are student at third semester.
d. Ability
Means possession of the qualities mental and
psychology to do something or get something done.
Qualities are skills that person has. They use these
11 Klassen, j.(1991)”using student errors for teaching”, FORUM, Vol.29,p.23-3412 Hornby, AS. 1995. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English.London: Oxford University Press.p.38
10
skills to achieve their aims. Ability is combination
between intention and effort.
e. Article
Article is part of grammar in English there are
three articles a, an, and the. A or an is used when an
unidentified specimen is introduced. The is used
when the noun which follows names an identified
specimen, that is when it is believed that the
hearer knows which person, place or thing the noun
refers to.
G. Review Of Related Theory
In this chapter, the writer will explain the related
theories or definition about error analysis, students’
ability, grammar that focusing on articles a, an and the.
1. Error Analysis
In the course of learning and using foreign
language, one of the most inhibiting factors in appears
of making mistakes and errors. The making of errors is
a sign that the students have not mastered the rules of
the language being learned. Language learning as any
other human learning involves making mistakes and
errors. Brown states that the mistakes, misjudgment,
11
miscalculation and erroneous assumption from an
important aspect of learning of skill and acquiring
information. Anyone attempts to acquire something by
making mistakes and errors. The child who learns his
native language makes countless mistake with his
linguistic knowledge. However, he gradually manages to
produce acceptable spec hand justify it after a series
of errors.13
Since language is process that involves the making
of mistakes and errors, errors are considered as the
product of learning. It is important for the English
teacher to realize that errors made by learned need to
be analyzed correctly in order to arranging learning
strategy effectively. In addition, it is important to
discuss error analysis to underscore the relevance of
such analysis for teaching English as a foreign
language. Such an analysis becomes the key for foreign
language acquisition. According to Sanal, error
analysis is a study to identify, to describe and
systematically to explain the learners’ error by using
any of the principles and techniques provided by
linguistics. It can be said that error analysis as a
process based on analysis of the students’ errors.14
Whereas, Brown as cited in Sanal asserts that error
analysis is the activity to observe, to analyze and to
13 Brown, H. Douglas. 1992. Principle of Language Learning and Teaching. New Jersey: Prentice-Hal Inc.p.16414 Sanal, Fahretin. 2007. A Learner Based Study on Second Language Lexicology of Turkish Students of English, Doctoral Thesis, Cukurova University. Retrivied on March, 2012.p.597
12
classify the students’ errors for conveying something
of the system operating. Practically, error analysis
can be a very useful device of a foreign language
teaching program. Errors provides feedback, they tell
the lecturers something about the effectiveness of
their teaching materials and their teaching
techniques.15
2. Errors and Mistakes
An error is different from mistake, so it is crucial
to differentiate both of them. Corder as quotes by
Kinsela states that “an error is typically produced by
people who do not yet fully command some institution a
listed language system”.16 Based on Corder, errors are
breaking the role, due to lack of competence such as
knowledge of the language, which may or may not be
conscious. As they are due to lack of competence they
tend to be not correctable.17According to Erdogan, a
learner makes a mistake when writing or speaking
because of lack of attention, fatigue, carelessness, or
some other aspects of performance. Mistake can be self
corrected when attention is called. In other words, a
mistake is a slip that the learner can self correct
whereas an error is what a learner cannot self
15 Ibid sanal 59716 Kinsela, Valerie. 1978. Language Teaching and Linguistics Surveys. New York: Cambridge University Press.p.6317 Corder, S.P. 1973. Introducing Applied Linguistics. England: Penguin Education.p.257
13
correct.18 From those definitions above, the writer
can also conclude that a mistake is just a slip that
the learner forgets the right form. While, an error is
a deviation made by the learner because he/she does not
know the rule and will make it repetitively. To
distinguish between an error and mistake, Ellis as
mentioned by Erdogan also suggests two ways. The first
one is to check the consistency of learner’s writing,
if he sometimes uses the correct form and sometimes the
wrong one, it is a mistake. However, if he always uses
it incorrectly, it is an error. The second way is to
ask learner to try to correct his own deviant
utterance. When he is unable too, the deviations are
errors, while he is successful, they are mistake.
Indeed, learners often make mistakes in the process
of foreign language learning. Thus, it is still not a
big deal when the learners commit the mistake either in
speaking or writing since they are capable to correct
the mistake. However, learning other language becomes
difficult since the target language has different
system from the native language. This difference
sometimes makes the learners make errors especially in
applying grammar. This is why analyzing learner’s
errors in learning other language would be interesting
instead of mistake analysis.19
18 Erdogan, Vacide. 2005. Contribution of Error Analysis to Foreign Language Teaching. . Retrivied on March, 2014 from Http://efd.mersin.edu.tr/dergi/meuefd/.pdf.p.26319 Ibid p.263-264
14
3. Student Ability
Student in this research is student who had joint to
the English structure class. They had gotten
explanation from their teachers directly or by looking
for the object study alone. They study in classroom and
study for certain time. Ability well known as skills of
person to do something. In other words we get some
definitions like as a possession of the qualities
mental and psychology to do something or get something
done. Qualities are skills that person has. They use
these skills to achieve their aims. Ability is
combination between intention and effort. Based on
explanation above student’s ability is the ability to
do something correctly. The student’s ability can be
described by knowing their error or mistake when they
do something. Error or mistake is a measurement that
will show the level of ability. Students that make many
mistakes or errors have lower level than who have no
error or mistake.
Some linguist have different concept. Fromkin in
Nurmina Husnu states that the human brain is able not
only to acquire and store the mental grammar, but also
access that linguistic store house to speak and
understand what is spoken, meaning they are against the
grammatical rule of the language and result in
unacceptable utterances, in second language learning
they occur because the learner has not internalized the
15
grammar of the second language. In order words, the
student arise out of lack of competence, therefore
errors are systematical. Furthermore, they make a
distinction between errors, mistakes, and lapses.20
Mistakes arise when the speaker fails to match the
language to the situation and result in appropriate
utterances. Lapses, in the other hand, arise out
tiredness, nervousness; or stain which result in slip
of tongue, false starts confusion of structure, etc.
Both mistake and lapses are not systematical and belong
to phenomena of performance.
Unlike the two definitions mentioned above, Dullay
in Brown uses the term “errors” to refer to any
deviations from a selected norm of language
performance, and matter what the characteristics or
causes of the definitions might be. They also explain
that the norm used to identify the errors may be anyone
of the dialect of other varieties of language the
native speaker uses.21 The terms errors, as noted by
Dullay above is used for the systematic deviations due
to the learners still developing knowledge of the
target language rule, system or for idiosyncrasies in
the inter language of the learner which are direct
manifestations of system with which a learner is
operating at the time. In this present study the
researcher prefer to use the definition of errors given20 Nur Mina, Husnu. 2010. Error Analysis on the Profile of Students Mastery of Auxiliary
To Be in the Present tense (The Case Study of the First year Students of MTs NU Salatiga): STAIN Salatiga21 http://www.techne-dib.com.br/downloads/6.pdf
16
by her on the consideration that this study is not
intended to differentiate between errors and mistakes
4. Definition of Grammar
Learning English cannot be separated from learning
grammar because it always plays the central role of a
language. According to Eugene grammar is a description
of certain organizing aspects of particular language.
It usually includes phonological (sound), morphological
(word composition), and syntactical (sentence
composition) points.22 Grammar is the system of rules by
which words are formed and put together to make a
sentence or the study of composing some types of word
exactly to form a sentence. It is the crucial part of
language.
The term of grammar will be used in this context to
refer to a device that tells the reader how to
construct an infinite number of correct sentences of a
language and incorrect ones. All of them have some
meaning Studying grammar helps someone to learn about a
language. Learning about a language is very different
from being able to use the language. A grammar should
serve as a reference by helping correct deviation from
standard usage, and by improving clarity and style.
Particular grammar has its own system of organization,
its major parts are arranged according to the most
important of English sentences, they are subject, verb,
object, and so on. According to Rinvolucry in Muttaqin22 Hall, Eugene J. 1993. Grammar for Use. Jakarta Barat: Binarupa
Aksara.p.3
17
he said that most of English learners accept that the
sounds of foreign language are different from those of
their mother tongue. What is much more difficult to
accept is that the grammar of new language is also
spectacularly different from the way of the mother
tongue works.23
5. Article
Article is part of grammar. In English there are
three articles a, an and the.
a. Use of article a or an.
Djamal said article a or an is used when an
unidentified specimen. The form a is used before a
word beginning with a consonant, or a vowel with a
consonant sound. The form an is used before words
beginning with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or words
beginning with a mute h or individual letters spoken
with a vowel sound likes an MP and an SOS.24
According to Thomson a or an is used:
1) Before a singular noun which is countable (i.e. of
which there is more than one) when it is mentioned
23 Muttaqin, Muhammad. 2004. An Error Analysis of Using Adverb in Reported Speech (A case Study of the Second Year Students of SMU Sudirman Andong Boyolali in the Academic year of 2003-004: STAIN Salatiga
24 Djamal, ET all, 2008. Improving Reading Skill in English for University Student. Jakarta: Kencana. p.6
18
for the first time and represents no particular
person or thing
Examples:- I need a visa.
-They live in a flat.
-He bought an ice-cream.
2) Before singular countable noun which is used as an
example of a class of thing.
Example: A car must be insured (all cars must be
insured).
3) With a noun complement. This includes names of
profession.
Example: - It was an earthquake.
-She will be a dancer.
4) In certain expression of quantity.
Example: A couple of bird.
5) With certain number.
Example: A hundred kilometer.
6) In expression of price, speed, ratio etc.
Example: sixty kilometers an hour.
7) In exclamation before singular, countable nouns.
Example: What a pretty girl!
b. Omission of a/an
1) Before plural nouns.
2) Before uncountable nouns.
3) Before names of meals, except when these are
preceded by an adjective.
19
Example: We have breakfast at eight. He gave us
a good breakfast. 25
c. Use of article the
Refers to Djamal the is used when the noun
which follows names an identified specimen, that is
when it is believed that the hearer knows which
person, place or thing the noun.26
As Thomson explained that the article also
placed;
1) When the object or group of objects is unique or
considered to be unique.
Example: - The earth
- The stars
- The sky
2) Before a noun made definite by the addition of a
phrase or clause.
Example: The place where I met him.
3) Before a noun which by reason of locality can
represent only one particular thing. Example:
Ann is in the garden (the garden of this house).
4) Before superlatives and only.
Example: - This is the only thing here.
- That is the most beautiful place.
d. Do not use the before:
25 Thomson A. J. and Martinet A. v. 1986. A Practical English Grammar. Hong Kong: Oxford University, Press.p.15
26 Ibid djamal.p.6.
20
1) Names of most countries/territories: Italy, Mexico,
Bolivia; however, the Netherlands, the Dominican
Republic, the Philippines, the United States
2) Names of cities, towns, or states: Seoul, Manitoba,
Miami
3) Names of streets: Washington Blvd., Main St.
4) Names of lakes and bays: Lake Titicaca, Lake Erie except
with a group of lakes like the Great Lakes
5) Names of mountains: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji except
with ranges ofmountains like the Andes or the Rockies
or unusual names like the Matterhorn
6) Names of continents (Asia, Europe)
7) Names of islands (Easter Island, Maui, Key West)
except with island chains like the Aleutians, the
Hebrides, or the Canary Islands 27
H. Research Methodology
1. Type of research
The researcher uses a qualitative research, which is
defined as a research of which the data in the form of
written or oral words that is descriptively analyzed.
Moleong says that a qualitative research deals with a
kind of research which doesn’t use statistic procedures
in analyzing the data. In a qualitative research, the
researcher tends to prior in accurate explanation to
analyze and present what have been found.28
2. Data source27 Thomson A. J. and Martinet A. v. 1986. A Practical English Grammar. Hong
Kong: Oxford University, Press.p.1928 Moleong, Lexy. J. 2003. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung:
PT.Remaja Rosdakarya. p.3
21
The data of this research are taken from the result
of students’ test. The students do task about the using
of articles. and to know of the factors influencing of
ability in using article the research use interview.
3. Method of collecting data
a. Test
The method that is used in this research to
collect the data is test as instrument of data
collection. The writer gives test to the students to
be done by them.29 Test materials in this research
are English sentences that must be completed by use
of articles then the writer analyze the answer of
students’ test.
b. Documentation
Documentation is used to know the students'
profile by taking data provided and to know the
situation and location of this research including
the general description of English department in
STAIN Curup
c. Interview
According to fasic Interviews are normally
tools for collecting data that are used to smooth
the progress of the interactive discussion between
participants of the study and the researchers.30
After data of test were collected the researcher
29 Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2010. Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta of Current English.p.13830 Fasick, F. A. (2001). Some uses of untranscribed tape recordings insurvey research. Public Opinion Quarterly, 41, 549 – 552.
22
doing interview to the student to know what is the
factor influencing of ability in using article.
4. Population
Suharsimi Arikunto asserts “population is all
respondents of the research subject”.The population of
this research is all of the students of English
department in STAIN Curup at third semester.31
5. Sample
As Azwar wrote “sample is part of the representative
of population that is observed”.32The sample of this
research is the students of English department in STAIN
Curup at third semester, and in this research I take
one class of English department at third semester.
6. Data analysis
After the data have been collected, the writer
analyzes the data by identifying or criticizing the
common mistakes of using articles a, an and the in
sentences. Writer also analyzes the student’s ability
in using the articles. And then writer explains and
writes the correct answer that is based on English
grammar of articles using. It aims to know the common
mistakes and error in using article. Writer also
analyzes the students’ ability in using article. And
31 Ibid Arikunto.p.10232 Azwar, Saifuddin. 2010. Metode Penelitian. Yoyakarta: Pustaka
Pelajar.p.80
23
then writer also analyzes the student’s ability in
using the articles.
To know the level of students' article mastery, the
writer writes the right and wrong answer of these
questions. It will be described as the table below:
The Number Of
Correct Answer
Level Of English
Article Mastery41-50 Excellent31-40 Good21-30 Sufficient11-20 Weak≤ 10 Poor
References
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2010. Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta: PT. Rineka
Cipta of Current English.
Azwar, Saifuddin. 2010. Metode Penelitian. Yoyakarta: Pustaka
Pelajar.p.
Berry, R. (1993). Articles. London: HarperCollins.
Djamal, ET all, 2008. Improving Reading Skill in English for University
Student. Jakarta: Kencana.
Hall, Eugene J. 1993. Grammar for Use. Jakarta Barat: Binarupa
Aksara.
24
Keraf, Gorys. 1970. Komposisi Sebuah Pengantar Kemahiran Bahasa.
Jakarta: Nusa Indah.
Master, P. (1990) Teaching the English Articles as a Binary
System. TESOL Quarterly .Vol.24.
Master, P.(2002).Information Structure and English Article
Pedagogy. System Vol.30.
Moleong, Lexy. J. 2003. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung:
PT.Remaja Rosdakarya.
Muttaqin, Muhammad. 2004. An Error Analysis of Using Adverb in Reported
Speech (A case Study of the Second Year Students of SMU
Sudirman Andong Boyolali in the Academic year of 2003-004:
STAIN Salatiga
Nur Mina, Husnu. 2010. Error Analysis on the Profile of Students Mastery of
Auxiliary To Be in the Present tense (The Case Study of the First year Students of MTs
NU Salatiga): STAIN SalatigaThomson A. J. and Martinet A. v.
1986. A Practical English Grammar. Hong Kong: Oxford University,
Press.
http://arimigayo.blogspot.com/2012/08/kesalahan-dalam-
berbahasa-inggris.html
http://pribadiuntuksemua.blogspot.com/2010/11/analisis-
pemerolehan-bahasa.html
http://www.academia.edu/5782653/Makalah_Analisis_Kesalahan_Ber
bahasa
http://www.techne-dib.com.br/downloads/6.pdf accessed on 3
March 2014 retrieved at 11.00)
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