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8/26/2008 Pengantar Teknik Industri/SritomoW.Soebroto
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Materi # 1PENGANTAR TEKNIK INDUSTRI
(Engineering, Manajemen dan Industri)
Sritomo W.SoebrotoLaboratorium Ergonomi & Perancangan Sistem KerjaJurusan Teknik Industri - Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberSURABAYA
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Instruksional Objective• Memberikan pemahaman tentang sejarah pertumbuhan
disiplin keilmuan Teknik Industri, logical reasoningprocess perkembangannya di masa depan.
• Memberikan gambaran umum konsep-konsep dasardalam disiplin Teknik Industri & Manajemen Industri.
• Memberikan konsep dasar, logika berpikir dan metode-metode yang dipakai dalam disiplin Teknik Industri &Manajemen Industri.
• Memberikan konsep dasar berpikir secara sistemik danpola pemecahan masalah secara komprehensif danoptimal yang menjadi ciri disiplin Teknik Industri &Manajemen Industri.
• Memperkenalkan teknik-teknik peningkatan produktivi-tas, efektivitas dan efisiensi industri.
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Agenda
Engineering &Manajemen
Industri, ManajemenIndustri dan Bisnis
Proses (PendekatanCIMOSA)
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Engineers or Managers?(Teknolog atau Ekonom)
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Engineering, Mathematicians & Economists?
Engineers solve problems, but so do mathematicians.Engineers analyze, but so do statisticians and economists.
Engineers design systems, do others ?(Wayne C. Turner, et.al. Introduction to Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2003)
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Engineering ?• Ingenium• Ingeniators• Military Engineering >< Civil Engineering
“The profession in which a knowledge ofmathematical and natural sciences gained bystudy, experience and practice is applied withjudgment to develop ways to utilize,economically, the materials and forces ofnature for the benefit of mankind”
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Engineering ?The profession in which a knowledge of the
mathematical and natural sciences gained by study,experience, and practice is applied with judgment
to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materialsand forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.
(Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology – ABET, 1993)
Includes the application of these mathematical and scientificprinciples to the planning, design, construction, operation, andmaintenance of products, systems, and large fixed work that servehumankind; as such it also includes the management of suchactivities, research and development related to such output, and theeducation of persons who will be responsible for these myriadforms of activity.
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Basic Engineering ProcessProblem Symptom(Expression of Need)
Problem Definition(Statement of Desired Outcome)
Analysis(Including Experimentation)
SynthesisOf Alternative Design Solutions
Decision(selection of the best alternative)
Solution, System,Product, Process or Method
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Engineering Process• General activities : (1) Solve problems,
(2) Analyze problems, (3) Design Systems(Synthesis/Creativity/Innovative, etc.).
• Analysis : menguraikan persoalan dalamelemen-elemen dasarnya (detail), dan terkaitdengan existing systems.
• Synthesis : kebalikan dari analysis, mengkombinasikan elemen-elemen menjadi satukesatuan sistem yang terintegrasi, dan terkaitdengan new/improved systems.
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Engineering Product Design
Engineering Research
Development
Design(Engineering & Industrial Design)
Production, Mfg & Maintenance
Sales, Marketing & Distribution
Engineering(By Function)
Commercialization(Economic)
Incr
easin
g Pr
actic
ally
Incr
easi
ng A
bstr
actio
n
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The Engineering Design ProcessINPUTS
Econ
omic
s
Scie
nce
Engi
neer
ing
Scie
nce
Engi
neer
ing
Tech
nolo
gy
Erg
onom
ics
Aes
thet
ics
Soci
olog
y
Psyc
holo
gy
Ecol
ogy
Needs ?Engineering
Design Process A Better Worldfor Us ?
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Skills and Qualities Needed forEngineering Profession
• Good and math skills• Strong time management skills• Mechanical aptitude• Good common sense• A strong desire for
organization andefficiency
• Excellent communi-cation/ salesmanship
• Creative problem solving• Inquisitive mind• Continuous desire to learn
• Quantitative skills• Technical competency
• Continuous drive forimprovement
• Listening skills• Negotiation skills• Ability to adapt to
many environments, wearmany hat and interact
with a diverse group ofindividuals
• Leadership skills• Ethics
• Passion for improvement, etc.
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Management
Engineering VS Management ?
Engineering
Engineering Management
• Problem terdefinisikan jelas• Sub-sistem material• Penuh dengan faktor/variableserba pasti
• Asumsi berlaku secarakontinyu
• Data bisa dikembangkan baik• Keputusan diambil secara
analitis
• Problem tidak bisa didefinisikanjelas
• Sub-sistem manusia• Banyak berhadapan dengan
faktor/variable• Asumsi tidak berlaku kontinyu• Data base tidak lengkap• Keputusan lebih banyak diambil
berdasarkan intuisi
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Role Differences Between Engineers and Managers
Position Engineer Manager
1. Focus - More concerned with things - More concerned with people.technical/scientific.
2. Decision Making - Makes decision with much - Makes decision often with inadequateinformation, under conditions of information, under conditions ofgreater certainty. greater uncertainty.
3. Involvement - Works on tasks and problem - Directs the work of others to goals.solving personally.
4. Process Outcome - Work based on facts with - Work based on fewer facts, lessquantifiable outcomes. measurable outcomes.
5. Effectiveness - Depends on personal technical - Depends on interpersonal skills inexpertise, attention to detail, communication, conflict management,mathematical/technical problem getting ideas across, negotiating andsolving and designing. Coaching.
6. Dependency - Experiences role as autonomous. - Experiences role as interdependent.7. Responsibility Individual accomplishment in one - Many objectives at once, requiring
project, task, or problem at a time. orchestrating a broad range ofvariables and organizational entities.
8. Creativity - Creative with products, design, - Creative with people and organizationsand materials.
9. Bottom Line - Will it work? - Will it make/save money for organiza-tion?
(P. Morrison, “Making Managers of Engineers”, Journal of Management Engineering, Vol.2, No. 4, 1986)
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Sains, Rekayasa & Teknik Industri
Attributes Rekayasa(General Engineering)
Teknik Industri(Industrial Engineering)
Obyek
Yang Dihasilkan
Ukuran Kinerja
Ukuran Nilai
Diawali/DiakhiriDengan :
Profesi
Sistem Alamiah(Natural)
Teori/Pengetahuan
Sistem Buatan
Sains
Sistem Integral(Mikro/Makro)
Kebenaran
Mutlak(absolute)
Keingin-Tahuan(Curiousity)
Ilmuwan(Scientist)
Insinyur(Engineer)
Produk/Proses
Manfaat(Benefits for Mankind)
Relatif
Kebutuhan/Persoalan(Needs & Problems)
Nilai Tambah(Value Added)
Produktivitas,Efektivitas dan Efisiensi
Kontekstual
Kebutuhan/Persoalan(Needs & Problems)
Insinyur, Manager &Leader
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Industri?
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What is Industry?
Profit
Services
Private EnterpriseFree Enterprise
Capitalism
INDUSTRY is the way ofsatisfying our needs andwants by using the basic
resources of men, materials,and money
WE LIVE INAN INDUSTRIAL WORLD
Goods
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Land Capital
Labor
….. industri adalah lokasi (tempat) dimana aktivitas produksiakan diselenggarakan …..
Aktivitas produksi …. sekumpulan aktivitas yang diperlukanuntuk merubah satu kumpulan masukan (inputs) menjadi produkluaran akhir (finished goods output) yang memiliki nilai tambah
Industri
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Proses Produksi“Black Box”
- Formulasi Problem yang MenjadiTanggung-Jawab Profesi
Teknik Industri- Proses Transformasi (Fisik &
Non-Fisik)- Proses Nilai Tambah (Fungsi &
Ekonomis)- Aktivitas Produktif >< Non-Produktif
InputsFinished
GoodsOutput
Waste
Sistem Input-Output Proses Produksi
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FinishedGoods
Products
Waste,Defects, etc
Diagram Sistem Input-Output Proses Produksi
Proses Produksi* Factory* Hospital* Bank/Insurance* Transportation/Distribution* Dan Lain-Lain
Value Added(Functional & Economical)
Services
. Material
. Human
. Machines/Equipment
. Information
. Energy
Transformation Process(Fisik & Non-Fisik)
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Type of Modern Industry ?
Construction
Manufacturing
Communication &Information
Distribution & Transportation
Services &Consultation
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Finished GoodsProducts
Waste,Defects, etc
“Diagram Sistem Industri”
Services
. Material
. Human
. Machines/Equipment
. Information
. Energy
Proses Manajemen
Environment
StandardPerformance* Quality* Costs* Time
Delivery
ProsesProduksi
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Proses Produksi/Operasional(Proses Konversi Uang Menjadi Produk yang Memiliki Nilai Tambah)
TaxDividends Bhn Baku Tenaga
KerjaEnergi Informasi,
dllCapital(Depresiasi)
Proses Distribusi & Pemasaran/Penjualan(Proses Konversi Produk Menjadi Uang)
Finished Goods Product
Long TermCapital Assets
Modal Kerja(Working Capital)
Income(Before Tax)
Aktivitas ProduksiDitinjau dari ProsesAliran Uang
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Where are yourmanufacturing costs
hiding?
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Mass Productionis the Key to IndustrializationEli Whitney – the father of massproduction
Interchangeable partsare exactly alike
Henry Ford developer ofthe “moving assembly line”
Produce more productsin a shorter time period
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GNP(Gross National Product)
GNPGOODS + SERVICES =Prices of
Produced
Prices of
Provided
A Device Used to Measurethe Economic Output of a Country
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PRODUCTIVITYThe Goods and Services Produced by a Country
Productivity May Rise or Fall8/26/2008 Pengantar Teknik Industri/Sritomo
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Produktivitas, Unit Costs & Daya Saing
P CP1
P2
t1 t220021997
t11997
t22002
UC1
UC2
Units/cost
Cost/unit
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Four Tasks of Industrial Management
PLANNINGPreparing the Future
Objectives and Goals ofthe Company
ORGANIZINGDeciding What ActivitiesMust Be Done to MeetEstablished Objectives
DIRECTINGSupervising the Workers
While They Carry Outthe ObjectivesCONTROLLING
Insuring That All Operationsand Activities
Conform to the Plans
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Seven Aspects of Successful Industry
Management
Plan, Organize, Direct andEvaluate/Control Industrial Operations
Manpower
Employees who usemachines and materials tomake the product
Money
Buys facilities & materialsand pays employees
MaterialsBasics from whichproducts are madeMethods
Processes used byemployees
to make the product
Markets
Where the productis sold by the industry
Machines
Tools and equipmentto produce the product
ALL SEVEN ASPECTSARE EQUALLY
IMPORTANT AND ESSENTIAL
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Interaksi Proses Perancangan Produk,Proses Produksi, Proses Pemasaran dan
Aspek Finansial
Finance
R & DEngineering
Production/Manufacturing
Marketing
Fund Request
Budgeting
Design forManufacturingProcess Needs
Fund
Req
uest
Budg
etin
gCustomer Needs
Product Design
Sales F
orecast
Inventory
Fund RequestBudgeting
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Pendekatan Business Process CIMOSA(Computer Integrated Manufacturing for Open System Architecture)
Set Direction Set Strategy Direct Business
Manage Process
DevelopProduct/Service Get Order Fulfill Order Support Product
Human ResourcesManagement
FinancialAccounting
InformationTechnology
MaintenanceManagement
Core Business Process
Support Process
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Pendekatan BP-Cimosa
Manage Process
Core Business Process
Support ProcessSupport Process
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BP – CIMOSACBP : Develop Product/Sevices
• Strategi perancangan dan pengembanganproduk
• Memahami pentingnya voice of customer danmenterjemahkannya ke dalam parameter -parameter teknis dalam rancangan produk (QFDMethods).
• Tahapan-tahapan perancangan produk daritahap pencarian ide, konsep sampai dengantahap komersialisasi.
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BP – CIMOSACBP : Get Order
• Strategi pemasaran• Manajemen pemasaran• Sigi pasar sebagai bagian dari strategi
pemasaran
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BP – CIMOSACBP : Fulfill Order
• Pengenalan berbagai macam proses dansistem produksi
• Teknik tata cara dan pengukuran kerja• Perencanaan fasilitas dan kapasitas produksi• Perencanaan dan pengendalian produksi/
operasional• Strategi perencanaan – Supply Chain• Teknik-teknik optimasi (operation research)
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BP – CIMOSACBP : Support Product
• Customer service & satisfaction• Customer relation management
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BP – CIMOSASP : Human Resources Management
• Organisasi dan management industri• Manajemen SDM
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BP – CIMOSASP : Financial & Accounting
• Analisa biaya• Analisa ekonomi teknik• Manajemen keuangan
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BP – CIMOSASP : Information Technology
• Peranan teknologi informasi dalammendukung proses produksi
• Strategi implementasi teknologiinformasi di industri
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BP – CIMOSASP : Maintenance Management
• Peranan maintenance managementdalam proses produksi
• Reliability engineering• Implementasi maintenance management
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